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COLLEGE  OF   OSTEOPATHIC   PHYSICIANS 
AND  SURGEONS   •  LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA 


PHARMACOPEIA 


OF    THE 


AMERICAN  INSTITUTE 


OF 


HOMCEOPATHY 


PUBLISHED    FOR   THE 

COMMITTEE   ON   PHARMACOPEIA 

OF  THE 

AMERICAN    INSTITUTE  OF  HOMOEOPATHY. 


BOSTON: 

OTIS   CLAPP  &   SON,   AGENTS, 

No.  10  PARK  SQUARE. 

1897- 


COPYRIGHT,  1897, 

BY  COMMITTEE  ON  PHARMACOPEIA  OF  THE 
AMERICAN  INSTITUTE  OF  HOMOEOPATHY. 


THE  RIVERDALE  PRESS  > 

C.  A.  W.  Sl-ENCBK, 

BROOKLINE,  MASS. 


r 


PREKACK. 


In  submitting  the  result  of  its  labors  to  the  physician  and  pharma- 
cist, the  Pharmacopeia  Committee  desires  to  lay  special  stress  upon 
the  general  unanimity  with  which  this  work  has  been  brought  to 
completion,  and  to  emphasize  the  fact  that  it  is  not  an  expression  of 
the  views  of  a  bare  majority  of  its  members,  but  that,  on  the  contrary, 
it  represents  their  consentient  opinions  to  a  most  gratifying  degree. 

The  early  recognition  of  the  desirability  of  obtaining  a  result 
founded  on  agreement  in  principle  and  mutual  support,  led  to  the 
adoption  by  the  original  Pharmacopeia  Committee  of  the  following 
plan  of  work  :  — 

Cm  The  editor  is  directed  to  proceed,  first,  with  that  portion  of  the  work  to  be 
Devoted  to  general  pharmacy.  As  soon  as  certain  subjects  are  completed,  he 
shall  cause  twelve  copies  of  his  manuscript  to  be  made,  one  of  which  shall  be  sent 
to  each  member  of  the  committee. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  member  to  carefully  examine,  and  report  upon  the 
same  within  two  weeks  from  the  date  of  the  receipt  of  his  copy. 

He  is  expected  to  report  his  approval  or  disapproval  of  the  whole  or  any  part, 
and  to  freely  suggest  such  changes,  modifications,  or  additions  as,  in  his  opinion, 
will  tend  to  improve  the  work  and  render  it  of  greater  value  to  both  the  physician 
and  the  pharmacist. 

When  replies  have  been  received  from  all  members  of  the  committee,  the 
editor  shall  prepare  copies  of  all  suggestions  offered,  together  with  the  reasons 
assigned,  to  which  shall  be  added  the  names  of  the  members  offering  such  sug- 
gestions. 

Each  member  shall  be  required  to  vote  upon  each  separate  proposition,  with 
this  exception :  he  may  decline  to  vote  on  any  suggestion  on  which  he  may  feel 
he  has  insufficient  information  to  form  an  intelligent  opinion,  in  which  case  he 
shall  return  his  copy,  noting  this  fact  in  place  of  the  vote  on  such  proposition. 

A  majority  vote  of  members  of  the  committee  voting  must  decide  as  to  accept- 
ance or  rejection,  provided  the  vote  includes  the  votes  of  two  pharmacists  and 
two  that  are  not  pharmacists. 

This  plan  of  work  has  been  closely  followed,  rendering  the  results, 
as  we  believe,  of  the  greatest  value  obtainable  by  the  united  judgment 
of  the  committee. 

In  addition  to  the  efforts  put  forth  by  its  individual  members,  the 
committee  has  received  much  assistance  from  Prof.  Friedburg  of  New 
York,  in  the  determining  of  chemical  definitions  and  in  the  furnishing 
of  chemical  descriptions,  and  desires  to  here  make  suitable  acknowl- 
edgment of  its  indebtedness. 


CONTENTS, 


Page 

PREFACE        3 

HISTORICAL  INTRODUCTION 7-12 

COMMITTEE  ON  PHARMACOPEIA           .                .        .        .        .        .  13 

LIST  OF  AUTHORS  CONSULTED 14 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 15-20 

PART   I. 

GENERAL  PHARMACY            21-49 

UNIT  OF  MEDICINAL  STRENGTH 23 

MENSTRUA 27 

DRUGS  AND  MEDICINAL  SUBSTANCES 32 

GENERAL  TREATMENT  OF  DRUGS 34 

PREPARATIONS  FROM  DRUGS 34 

TINCTURES 35 

DILUTIONS 39 

TRITURATIONS 43 

MEDICATIONS 47 

PRESCRIPTIONS 48 

PART  II. 

SPECIAL  PHARMACEUTICS 51-596 

PART  III. 

SELECT  TABLES  FOR  REFERENCE 577-606 

LIST  OF  MEDICINES  AND  PRONUNCIATION          ....        607-622 

INDEX           623 


HISTORICAL  INTRODUCTION. 


As  long  ago  as  1868  a  resolution  was  adopted  in  the  American  Insti- 
tute of  Homoeopathy,  upon  the  motion  of  Dr.  C.  J.  Hempel,  for  the 
appointment  of  a  committee  to  prepare  a  Dispensatory  which  should 
embrace  Pharmacy ;  and  such  a  committee  was  appointed,  with  Dr. 
Carroll  Dunham  as  chairman. 

Reports  of  progress  appear  in  the  Institute  Transactions  from  year 
to  year  down  to  1874,  when  Dr.  Dunham  said,  "The  committee  has 
reason  to  believe  that  this  is  the  last  time  they  will  have  to  report 
'  progress,'  and  that  the  work  may  be  ready  for  circulation  before  the 
next  session  of  the  Institute." 

But  owing  to  the  long-continued  illness  of  a  leading  member  of  the 
committee,  the  work  was  not  made  ready  for  the  printer ;  and  during 
the  following  two  years,  preparations  for  the  World's  Homoeopathic 
Congress  at  Philadelphia  and  the  death  of  Dr.  Dunham,  which 
occurred  soon  after  this  convention,  prevented  the  publication. 
Efforts  were  made  to  secure  for  the  Institute  the  manuscripts  of  the 
committee,  after  the  death  of  Dr.  Dunham,  but  they  were  without 
success. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  in  1886 
Drs.  J.  P.  Dake,  C.  Wesselhoeft,  and  A.  C.  Cowperthwaite  were 
appointed  a  committee  to  consider  the  question  of  publishing  a  Phar- 
macopeia. This  committee  reported  as  follows,  at  the  following  meet- 
ing, in  1 887  : — 

Your  committee  appointed  to  consider  and  report  on  the  advisability  of 
having  a  Pharmacopeia  issued  under  the  auspices  and  by  the  authority  of 
this  body,  would  say  that  in  view  of  the  desirability  and  importance  of 
uniformity  in  the  processes  and  preparations  of  pharmacy  in  the  various 
countries,  and  especially  in  view  of  the  various  opinions  of  late  expressed 
by  pharmacists  writing  upon  the  subject,  it  is  our  opinion  that  there  should 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


be  prepared  and  published  a  Pharmacopeia,  by  joint  action  of  committees 
from  several  countries,  as  suggested  by  the  chairman  of  this  committee  at 
the  World's  Homoeopathic  Convention  in  London  in  1881,  and  by  Mr. 
Wyborn  at  the  late  convention  at  Basle.  At  the  latter  convention,  a  special 
committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Cowl  and  Giesecke  and  Mr.  Wyborn,  was 
appointed  to  consider  and  report  upon  an  International  Pharmacopeia. 

In  pursuance  of  such  action,  your  committee  would  recommend  the 
appointment  at  this  time  of  a  special  committee  to  cooperate  with  the  Amer- 
ican member  of  the  International  Committee ;  and  that  such  committee 
consist  of  Drs.  Lewis  Sherman,  J.  Wilkinson  Clapp,  and  F.  E.  Boericke. 
And  in  order  to  bring  the  work  into  more  definite  shape,  we  would  recom- 
mend that  the  special  committee  named  be  instructed  to  take  the  British 
Homoeopathic  Pharmacopeia  as  a  basis,  and  to  report  the  character  of  the 
changes  considered  necessary  to  adapt  the  work  to  the  needs  of  the  profes- 
sion in  all  countries. 

Very  respectfully  submitted, 

J.  P.  DAKE,  M.  D.,  J 

A.  C.  COWPERTHWAITE,  M.  D.,    >•  Committee. 

C.  WESSELHOEFT,  M.  D.,  ) 

This  report  was  accepted,  the  recommendations  adopted,  and  the 
appointments  made. 

This  committee  reported  as  follows,  at  the  following  meeting  held  at 
Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  in  1888  :— 

Your  committee,  which  was  appointed  to  confer  with  the  American 
member  of  the  Pharmacopeial  Commission  of  the  World's  Homoeopathic 
Convention,  with  reference  to  the  preparation  of  an  International  Pharma- 
copeia, beg  leave  to  report  that,  owing  to  the  prolonged  absence  in  Europe 
of  Dr.  Walter  Y.  Cowl,  it  has  not  yet  been  possible  to  secure  the  desired 
conference  with  that  commission. 

We  would  report  further  that,  in  pursuance  of  the  instruction  given  in  the 
resolution  authorizing  our  appointment,  we  have  examined  the  British 
Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia  with  reference  to  its  adaptation  to  the  wants 
of  physicians  in.  the  United  States  and  other  countries  outside  of  Great 
Britain ;  that  we  find  this  a  book  of  great  merit ;  that  we  specially  commend 
the  care  taken  in  the  tincture-making  processes,  the  recognition  of  the  effect 
of  natural-plant  moisture  in  lowering  the  alcoholic  strength  of  the  fresh- 
plant  tinctures;  the  prescription  of  alcohol  of  different  strengths  for  the 
preparation  of  different  drug  tinctures,  and  the  general  accuracy  of  the 
detailed  descriptions  of  drugs.  We  are  instructed  to  suggest  such  changes 
as  will  improve  the  work  and  adapt  it  to  use  in  this  and  other  countries, 
outside  of  Great  Britain.  Among  the  changes  we  would  suggest  are  the 
following : — 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHV. 


1.  The  substitution  of  the  name  "dilution  "in  place  of  "tincture"  for 
attenuated  liquid  preparations. 

2.  The    use  of  distilled  water  as  a  standard  of   comparison   between 
weights  and  measures.     This  would  bring  our  system  in  harmony  with  the 
French  decimal   system   and  greatly   simplify   the  descriptive    processes. 
Instead  of  minim  we  would  read  grain-measure,  just  as  in  descriptions  of 
volumetric  analysis. 

3.  The  use  of  glass-stoppered  bottles  for  distilled  water. 

4.  The  introduction  of  alcohol  of  the  specific  gravity  .820,  which  is  now 
a  standard  grade  in  the  United  States,  being  the  highest  obtained  by  distil- 
lation without  the  aid  of  chemicals. 

5.  The  authorization  of  the  decimal  scale  of  notation,  which  is  now  in 
general  use. 

6.  The  omission  of  reference  to  the  therapeutic  activity  of  certain  prepa- 
rations.    We  think  such  references  out  of  place  in  a  work  of  this  character. 

7.  The  introduction  of  maceration  as  a  tincture-making  process,  alterna- 
tive with  percolation. 

8.  Making  the  dilutions  to  correspond  in  medicinal  strength  (drug  power) 
with  triturations  of  the  same  number,  instead  of  making  them  -j^  as  strong. 

9.  The  limitation  of  the  sign  <f>  (zero  reduced)  to  denote  strongest  liquid 
pharmacopeial  preparation. 

10.  The  use  of  the  sign  o  (zero)  to  denote  original  substances. 

n.  The  authorization  of  a  single  vernacular  pharmacopeial  name  for 
each  medicine. 

12.  The  alphabetical  arrangement  of  all  the  caption  names  of  medicines 
in  a  single  series.     This  is  merely  to  facilitate  reference. 

13.  A  simplification  of  the  process  of  trituration,  and  the  requirement  of 
a  longer  time  to  a  given  quantity  of  the  finished  product. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  I.  T.  Talbot,  the  following  was  adopted  : — 

Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  consisting  of  twelve  members, 
six  of  whom  shall  be  pharmacists,  to  prepare  a  Pharmacopeia  which  shall 
bear  the  authoritative  sanction  of  this  body. 

That  this  committee  be  instructed  to  confer  with  the  Pharmacopeial  Com- 
mission of  the  International  Homoeopathic  Congress  held  at  Basle,  Switzer- 
land, in  1886,  and  with  committees  which  may  be  appointed  for.  the  same 
purpose  by  foreign  societies,  with  the  intent  of  making  the  work,  if  possible, 
international  in  character. 

That  this  committee  be  instructed  to  use,  as  a  basis,  the  "  British  Homoeo- 
pathic Pharmacopoeia, "  due  weight  being  given  to  other  authorized  pharma- 
copeias, and  to  obtain  the  fundamental  facts,  as  far  as  possible,  from  original 
sources. 

That  this  committee  be  empowered  to  fill  any  vacancies  in  its  membership 
caused  by  death  or  resignation. 


IO 


The  following  were  appointed  as  the  committee  : — 

Drs.  J.  P.  Dake,  C.  Wesselhoeft,  A.  C.  Cowperthwaite,  T.  F.  Allen, 
Malcolm  Leal,  and  H.  R.  Arndt,  representing  the  practitioners  of 
medicine,  and  Drs.  Lewis  Sherman,  J.  Wilkinson  Clapp,  F.  E.  Boericke, 
Henry  M.  Smith,  James  E.  Gross,  and  Wm.  Boericke,  representing  the 
practitioners  of  pharmacy. 

Drs.  E.  P.  Colby  and  A.  F.  Worthington  were  elected  by  the  com- 
mittee to  take  the  places  respectively  of  Drs.  T.  F.  Allen  and  F.  E. 
Boericke,  who  declined  to  serve. 

The  committee  of  twelve  organized  immediately  after  its  appoint- 
ment by  the  election  of  Dr.  J.  P.  Dake,  permanent  chairman,  Dr. 
Lewis  Sherman,  editor,  and  Drs.  J.  Wilkinson  Clapp  and  Malcolm 
Leal,  associate  editors. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Institute,  held  at  Minnetonka  Beach  in  1889, 
the  Pharmacopeial  Committee,  in  response  to  inquiries  made  through 
its  chairman,  was  further  instructed  by  the  Institute  as  follows  : — 

1 .  That  the  work  shall  not  be  adapted  for  the  professional  pharmacist 
only,  but  also  to  the  needs  and  uses  of  the  practitioner  of  medicine. 

2.  That  the  work  shall  have  a  supplemental  chapter  containing  instruc- 
tions as  to  the  best  modes  and  means  for  dispensing  of  medicines  at  the 
physician's  desk  and  in  the  sick-room. 

3.  That  the  publication  and  sale  of  the  work  shall  be  conducted  by  a 
regular  publisher,  who  is  to  assume  all  risks  and  enjoy  all  profits.    The 
committee  is  authorized  and  instructed  to  negotiate  with  a  publisher  to  that 
end. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  held  at 
Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  in  1891,  the  following  resolution  was  passed  : — 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  Pharmacopeia  be  requested  to  reconsider 
their  action  by  which  the  soluble  elements  of  the  plants  are  made  the  basis 
of  the  attenuations. 

"This  resolution  received  careful  consideration  by  the  committee.  It 
should,  however,  be  recorded  that  it  was  no  part  of  their  plan  to  make  the 
soluble  elements  of  the  plants  the  basis  of  attenuations,  as  they  had  made 
the  dry  crude  drug  the  unit  from  which  to  compute  the  strength  of  all  atten- 
uations, and  by  so  doing  had  simply  carried  out  the  rule  previously  accepted 
by  the  Institute  '  to  make  the  dilutions  to  correspond  in  medicinal  strength 
(drug  power)  with  triturations  of  the  same  number.'  " 

Still,  the  work  did  not  progress  as  rapidly  as  was  at  first  anticipated, 
owing  to  certain  differences  of  opinion  regarding  our  nomenclature. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHV.  I  I 

These  questions  having  been  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Institute 
during  its  session  in  Washington  in  1892,  the  following  motion  was 
passed  :  "  That  the  Committee  on  Pharmacopeia  be  instructed  to  give 
precedence  to  the  old  Latin  names  of  drugs  in  common  use,  and  to 
place  the  new  chemical  names  to  the  right  and  on  the  same  line." 

These  instructions  have  been  carefully  observed.  Still,  the  commit- 
tee earnestly  desired  to  embrace  the  present  opportunity  to  take  a  step 
which  may  eventually  lead  to  the  improvement  of  our  chemical  nomen- 
clature. They  considered  that  this  resolution  required  that  they 
should  retain  and  give  precedence  to  the  old  form  of  Latin  titles,  to  be 
followed  by  the  chemical  names,  but  that  this  did  not  prevent  them 
from  introducing  a  third  title  which  should  retain  the  familiar  Latin 
basic  names  and  still  answer  to  the  requirements  of  a  modern  scientific 
nomenclature ;  one  that  would  not  make  any  change  in  the  abbrevia- 
tions found  in  homoeopathic  literature  and  that  would  also  be  free  from 
the  objections  which  had  been  offered  to  the  present  chemical  names. 

While  a  large  majority  of  the  committee  strongly  favored  this  plan, 
it  met  with  decided  opposition  from  the  member  then  serving  as 
editor,  so  much  so  that  at  the  meeting  of  the  Institute  held  in  Chicago 
in  May,  1893,  the  chairman  asked  for  a  special  committee  of  three  to 
meet  with  the  Pharmacopeia  Committee  to  assist  in  adjusting  its  plan 
of  work.  Two  members  of  said  committee,  Drs.  T.  Y.  Kinne  and  O. 
S.  Runnels,  listened  to  statements  from  the  different  parties  interested, 
and  made  the  following  report,  which  was  accepted  by  the  Institute : — 

The  Special  Committee  appointed  at  the  request  of  the  Committee  on 
International  Pharmacopeia,  to  advise  regarding  some  questions  arising 
from  the  action  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy  at  its  session  in 
1 892,  beg  leave  to  submit  this  report : — 

Whereas,  Doubts  having  arisen  in  the  minds  of  some  of  the  Committee  on 
Pharmacopeia  as  to  the  intent  of  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  Institute  at  its  last 
session,  which  resolution  is  as  follows  — 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  Pharmacopeia  be  instructed  to  give  prece- 
dence to  the  old  Latin  names  of  drugs  in  common  use  and  to  place  the  new  chem- 
ical names  to  the  right  and  on  the  same  line ; — 

Therefore,  Resolved,  That  there  is  nothing  in  the  said  resolution  which  prevents 
the  Committee  on  Pharmacopeia  from  adding  a  third  title  to  those  already 
mentioned,  wherever  it  shall  be  deemed  best  to  do  so,  provided  the  ordered 
arrangement  be  not  interfered  with. 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  International  Pharmacopeia  be  directed  to 
proceed  with  all  possible  dispatch  in  the  publication  of  this  valuable  work  so 
nearly  completed,  so  much  needed,  and  already  too  long  delayed. 


12  AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 

The  Institute  having  fully  approved  of  the  wish  of  the  committee, 
in  order  to  carry  it  into  effect  it  became  necessary  to  reorganize  the 
editorial  force  and  to  instruct  the  new  appointees  to  prepare  as  rapidly 
as  possible,  de  novo,  the  text  of  a  Pharmacopeia  to  be  approved  by  the 
committee,  under  such  rules  and  regulations  as  they  might  make.  This 
was  done,  and  the  reorganized  editorial  corps  entered  upon  the  work 
with  commendable  zeal,  and  carried  it  to  completion. 

The  untimely  death  of  Dr.  J.  P.  Dake,  whose  loss  is  deeply 
deplored  by  the  committee,  rendered  necessary  the  filling  of  the 
vacancy  thus  caused,  and  the  election  of  a  chairman.  This  was  done, 
Dr.  T.  Y.  Kinne,  of  Paterson,  N.  J.,  being  chosen  as  a  member,  and 
Dr.  Conrad  Wesselhoeft,  of  Boston,  as  chairman. 

The  committee  trust  that  the  profession  will  accept  this  work,  and 
that  it  will  find  therein  all  that  past  experience  has  found  to  be  good, 
and  will  appreciate  some  more  recent  departures  which  are  intended  to 
enhance  the  reliability  of  the  work. 

It  is  earnestly  hoped  that  each  and  every  medical  college  will  here- 
after include  in  its  curriculum,  instruction  in  the  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Pharmacy.  The  physician  who  dispenses  medicine  should 
at  least  be  qualified  to  supplement  the  work  of  the  professional 
pharmacist  so  thoroughly  and  accurately  that  his  clinical  reports  will 
have  a  scientific  value. 

Pharmaceutical  knowledge  seems  to  be  even  more  important  to 
homoeopathic  than  to  allopathic  practitioners,  for  the  reason  that  only 
a  portion  of  the  former  are  within  easy  reach  of  the  professional 
pharmacist  who  understands  the  preparation  of  medicines  for  homoeo- 
pathic use. 

On  behalf  of  the  AMERICAN  INSTITUTE  OF  HOMCEOPATHY,  for  the 
purpose  of  diffusing  useful  knowledge,  and  of  promoting  uniformity 
in  the  strength  and  quality  of  medicinal  preparations  and  in  their 
literature  as  well,  we  commend  this  book  to  physician  and  pharma- 
cist, student  and  instructor. 

PEMBERTON  DUDLEY,  M.  D., 
President  of  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy. 

EUGENE  H.  PORTER,  M.  D., 
Secretary  of  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy. 


COMMITTEE  ON  PHARMACOPEIA 


OF   THE 


AMERICAN   INSTITUTE  OF  HOMEOPATHY. 


CONRAD  WESSELHOEFT,  M.  D.,  Boston,  Mass.,  Chairman. 

J.  WILKINSON  CLAPP,  M.  D.,  Boston,  Mass.,  Secretary. 

LEWIS  SHERMAN,  M.  D.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

HENRY  M.  SMITH,  M.  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

JAMES  E.  GROSS,  M.  D.,  Chicago,  111. 

WILLIAM  BOERICKE,  M.  D.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

A.  C.  COWPERTHWAITE,  M.  D.,  Chicago,  111. 

MALCOLM  LEAL,  M.  D.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

H.  R.  ARNDT,  M.  D.,  San  Diego,  Cal. 

EDWARD  P.  COLBY,  M.  D.,  Wakefield,  Mass. 

A.  F.  WORTHINGTON,  M.  D.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

T.  Y.  KINNE,  M.  D.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 


Editorial  Sub-Committee. 

CONRAD  WESSELHOEFT,  M.  D.,  Chairman. 
].  WILKINSON  CLAPP,  M.  D.,  Secretary. 
HENRY  M.  SMITH,  M.  D. 
MALCOLM  LEAL,  M.  D. 


LIST  OF  AUTHORS  CONSULTED. 


ALLEN,  Encyclopaedia  of  Pure  Materia  Medica. 

ALTSCHUL,  Real  Lexicon. 

AMERICAN  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopeia,  O'Connor  and  Boericke  and  TafeL 

AMERICAN  Homoeopathic  Dispensatory,  Gross  &  Delbridge 

AMERICAN  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  Transactions. 

APPLETON,  American  Cyclopaedia. 

ARCHIV  fur  die  Homceopathische  Heilkunst. 

BENTLEY  &  TRIMEN,  Medicinal  Plants. 

BLOXOM,  Chemistry,  Organic  and  Inorganic. 

BRITISH  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia. 

BRITISH  Pharmacopoeia. 

BUCHNER,  Homceopathische  Arzneibereitungslehre. 

CLARKE,  Constants  of  Nature. 

ENCYCLOPAEDIA  Britannica,  gth  edition. 

GEIGER,  Handbuch  der  Pharmacie. 

GOULLON,  Beschreibung  der  Pflanzen. 

GRAY,  Field,  Forest  and  Garden  Botany. 

GRAY,  Flora  of  North  America. 

GRAY,  Manual  of  the  Botany  of  the  Northern  United  States. 

GRUNER,  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia. 

HAGER,  Handbuch  der  Pharmaceutischen  Praxis. 

HAHNEMANN,  Chronic  Diseases. 

HAHNEMANN,  Materia  Medica. 

HALE,  New  Remedies. 

HAMILTON,  Flora  Homceopathica. 

HUGHES  &  DAK.E,  Cyclopaedia  of  Drug  Pathogenesy. 

.'AHR  &  CATELLAN,  Nouvelle  Pharmacopee. 

JAHR  &  GRUNER,  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia  and  Posology. 

JAHR,  Pharmacopoeia. 

KING,  American  Dispensatory. 

LINDLEY,  Flora  Medica. 

LINDLEY,  Vegetable  Kingdom. 

LOUDON,  Encyclopaedia  of  Plants. 

MILLSPAUGH,  Medicinal  Plants. 

MURE,  Pathogenesie  Bresilienne. 

NATIONAL  Dispensatory. 

PEREIRA,  Elements  of  Materia  Medica. 

PHARMACOGRAPHIA,  Fluckiger  and  Hanbury. 

QUIN,  Pharmacopceia  Homceopathica. 

REMINGTON,  Practice  of  Pharmacy. 

RICHTER,  Organic  Chemistry. 

ROSCOE  &  SCHORLEMMER,  Treatise  on  Chemistry. 

SMITH,  List  of  Medicines  Mentioned  in  Homoeopathic  Literature. 

STORER,  Outlines  of  a  Dictionary  of  Solubilities. 

UNITED  STATES  Dispensatory. 

UNITED  STATES  Pharmacopoeia. 

WARING,  Pharmacopceia  of  India. 

WATSON,  Bibliographical  Index  to  North  American  Botany. 

WATTS,  Dictionary  of  Chemistry,  Morley  and  Muir. 

WEBER,  Codex  des  Medicaments  Homoeopathiques. 

WINKLER,  Arzneigewachse. 

WOOD,  Botanist  and  Florist. 

WOOD,  Class  Book  of  Botany. 

WURTZ,  Dictionnaire  de  Chimie. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


In  1805,  Hahnemann  published  the  results  of  his  observation  for  fifteen  years  in 
his  "  Fragmenta  de  viribus  medicamentorum  positivis  sive  in  sanocorpore  humano 
observatatis.  Pars  prima,  textus  (pp.  269).  Pars  secunda,  index  (pp.  470).  Lip- 
siae,  sumtu  Joan.  Ambros.  Barthii."  Between  the  years  1811  and  1832  were  pub- 
lished his  "  Materia  Medica  "  and  "  Chronic  Diseases."  In  1832  the  first  number  of 
the  "Archiv"  was  published.  In  all  of  these  publications,  general  and  special 
instruction  was  given  for  the  preparation  of  our  remedies. 

The  first  Dispensatory  or  Pharmacopeia  was  published  by  Dr.  C.  Caspari  in 
1825,  and  the  following  list  of  titles,  compiled  by  Dr.  Henry  M.  Smith,  embraces 
most,  if  not  all,  of  the  subsequent  publications  : — 

1825. 

CASPARI.  Homoopathisches  Dispensatorium  fur  Aerzte  und  Apotheker.  Her- 
ausgegeben  von  Dr.  C.  Caspari.  Leipzig,  Baumgartner.  8vo,  pp.  67. 

1828. 

CASPARI.  Homoopathisches  Dispensatorium  fur  Aerzte  und  Apotheker.  Her- 
ausgegeben  von  Dr.  C.  Caspari.  Zweite,  vermehrte  Auflage.  Leipzig  bei  Baum- 
gartner. 8vo,  pp.  xii,  58. 

1829. 

HARTMANN.  Homoopathische  Pharmakopoe  fur  Aerzte  und  Apotheker.  Her- 
ausgegeben  von  Dr.  Franz  Hartmann.  Auch  unter  dem  Dr.  Titel  Caspari's  Homoo- 
pathisches Dispensatorium  fur  Aerzte  und  Apotheker,  worin  nichtnurdie  bis  jetzt 
bekannten,  sondern  auch  in  Hofrath  Hahnemann's  neuestem  Werke  und  die  in  Hart- 
laub's  und  Trink's  Arzneimittellehre  enthaltenen  Arzneien  aufgenommen  worden 
sind.  Herausgegeben  von  Dr.  Franz  Hartmann.  Dritteund  verbesserte  Auflage. 
Leipzig,  1829.  In  der  Baumgartnerischen  Buchhandlung.  8vo,  pp.  iv,  144.  . 

HARTMANN.  Pharmacopoeia  Homceopathica.  Auctore  Fr.  Hartmann,  M.  D., 
Lipsiae,  1829,  apud  Baumgartner. 

CASPARI.  Dispensatorium  Homosopathicum.  Denuo  edit.,  auctum  atque 
emend,  a  F.  Hartmann.  Et.  s.  tit.:  Pharmacopcea  Homoeopath.  8  maj.  Lipsiae, 
1829.  Baumgartner. 

BELLUOMINI.  Modo  generate  di  preparare  i  Medicamenti  Omiopatici  e  di 
diluirli. 

LA  RAJA.  Element!  di  Farmacopea  Omiopatica  estratti  dalla  Materia  Medica 
di  S.  Hahnemann  e  dagli  Archivi  della  Med.  Om.  per  cura  del  Dr.  Vincenzo  la 
Raja,  con  un  indice  comparativa  di  alcuni  fenomeni  prodotti  nell'  uomo  sano  dalla 
sostanza  terapeutiche  con  quelli  di  alcune  malattie  naturali,  per  agevolare  in  par 
te  L'Esercizio  della  Clinica  Omiopatica.  Napoli,  1829.  8vo,  pp.  210. 

1830. 
WIDENMANN,  DR.  G.     Medicamentorum  Homreopathicis  Praeparatio,  Munich. 


l6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

I833- 

CASPARI.  Homoopathische  Pharmacopoeia  fiir  Aerzte  und  Apotheker.  Her- 
ausgegeben  von  Dr.  C.  Caspari.  Vierte  Auflage. 

1834. 

QUIN.  Pharmacopoeia  Homoeopathica.  Edidit  F.  F.  Quin,  M.  D.,  Londoni : 
Veneunt  apud  S.  Highley.  8vo,  pp.  xxviii,  165. 

CASPAR:.  Dr.  Caspari's  Homoopathisches  Dispensatorium  fiir  Aerzte  und 
Apotheker,  herausgegeben  von  Dr.  F.  Hartmann.  5te  verbesserte  und  vermehrte 
Auflage.  Leipzig,  in  Baumgartner's  Buchhandlung.  8vo,  pp.  xvi,  164. 

(An  edition  in  Latin  was  published  this  year.) 

1835- 

Pharmacope'e  Homoeopathique,  par  L.  NOIROT  ET  PH.  MOUZIN.  i6mo.  Dijon 
&  Paris.  i2mo,  pp.  460.  This  is  incorporated  in  part  second  of  Jahr's  Manuel 
d'Homoeopathie. 

1836. 

WIXKLER.  Ausfiihrliche  Beschreibung  sammtlicher  Arzneigewachse,  welche 
homoopathisch  gepriift  worden  sind  und  angewendet  werden.  Fiir  Homoopathi- 
ker  zur  Benutzung  beim  Einsammeln  der  Arzneikorper  aus  dem  Pflanzenreiche. 
8vo,  pp.  312.  Erklarung  der  Abbildungen  auf  156  Blattern.  Leipzig,  8vo.  pp.  61. 
Von  Eduard  Winkler.  Leipzig,  Magazin  fiir  Industrie  und  Literatur. 

WIXKLER.  Abbildungen  der  Arzneigewachse  welche  homoopatisch  gepriift 
worden  sind  und  angewendet  werden.  156  copper  plates.  Leipzig,  Magazin  fiir 
Industrie  und  Literatur.  4to,  pp.  156. 

ROLLINK.  Homoopathische  Pharmacopoe  nach  neuesten  Erfahrungen  der 
verschiedensten  Thierarzte  und  Apotheker,  enthaltend  alle  bis  jetzt  gepriifte  und 
angewandte  homoopatische,  auch  die  von  Dr.  Lux  potenzirten  isopathischen 
Arzneistoffe.  Von  Dr.  A.  Rollink,  ausubendem  praktischen  Arzte.  Leipzig,  bei 
Adolph  Reimann.  8vo,  pp.  vi,  298. 

1838. 

LA  RAJA.  Elementi  di  Farmacopeia  Omiopatica.  Dr.  Vincenzo  la  Raja. 
Milano,  Giovani  Silvestri.  2  ed. 

ROLLINK.  Homoopathische  Pharmacopoe  nach  neuesten  Erfahrungen  fiir 
Menschenarzte,  Thierarzte  und  Apotheker :  enthaltend  alle  bis  jetzt  gepriifte  und 
angewandte  homoopathische,  auch  die  von  Dr.  Lux  potenzirten  isopathischen 
Arzneistoffe.  Von  Dr.  A.  Rollink,  2te  Auflage.  Leipzig,  Adolph  Reimann.  8vo, 
pp.  vi,  298. 

Pharmacopoea  universalis,  oder  iibersichtliche  Zusammenstellung  der  Pharma- 
copoen.  Mit  einer  Pharmacopoe  der  homoopathischen  Lehre.  3te  Auff.,  2  Bande. 
Weimar. 

1840. 

BUCHNER.  Homoopathische  Arzneibereitungslehre  von  Joseph  Benedict  Buch- 
ner.  Miinchen,  durch  und  Verlag  von  George  Franz.  8vo,  pp.  419. 

1841. 

JAHR.  Nouvelle  Pharmacope'e  et  Posologie  Homoeopathique  ou  de  la  prepara- 
tion des  medicaments  homoeopathiques.  izmo,  Paris. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


1842. 

JAHR.  New  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia  and  Posology,  or  the  preparation  of 
homoeopathic  medicines  and  the  administration  of  doses.  By  G.  H.  G.  Jahr. 
Translated  by  James  Kitchen,  M.  D.  Philadelphia,  J.  Dobson.  8vo,  pp.  306. 

1844. 

CASPARI.  Homoopathisches  Dispensatorium  fur  Aerzte  und  Apotheker,  worin 
nicht  nur  die  bis  jetzt  bekannten,  sondern  auch  die  in  Hofr.  Hahnemann's  neuestem 
Werke,  und  die  in  Hartlaub's  und  Trink's  Arzneimittellehre  und  klinischen  Annalen 
enthaltenen  Arzneien  aufgenommen  worden  sind.  Herausgegeben  v.  F.  Hartmann. 
Auch  unter  dem  Titel  Homoopathische  Pharmacopoe.  6  Auflage.  gr.  8  s.  Leipzig, 
Baumgartner. 

1845. 

GRUNER.  Homoopathische  Pharmacopoe,  in  Auftrag  des  Central  Vereins 
Homoopathischer  Aerzte  bearbeitet  und  zum  Gebrauch  der  Pharmaceuten  heraus- 
gegeben,  vcn  Carl  Ernest  Gruner,  Apotheker  zu  Dresden,  mit  einem  Vorwort  von 
Medicalrath  Dr.  C.  F.  Trinks,  Dresden  und  Leipzig. 

DE  HORATIIS.     Homoopathische  Pharmacopoea. 

1846. 

SCHMID.  Homoopathische  Arzneibereitung  und  Gabengrosse,  von  Dr.  Georg 
Schmid.  Wien,  Braumiiller  u.  Siedel.  8vo,  pp.  viii,  309. 

1847. 

JAHR.  Neuva  Farmacopea  y  Posologia  Homeopatica,  o  modo  de  preparar  los 
medicamentos  homeopaticos  y  de  administrar  las  dosis.  Madrid,  Boix,  editor  de 
todas  las  obras  homeopaticas.  i2mo,  pp.  340. 

1850. 

JAHR  &  GRUNER.  New  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia  and  Posology;  or,  the 
mode  of  preparing  homoeopathic  medicines  and  the  administration  of  doses. 
Compiled  and  translated  from  the  German  works  of  Buchner  and  Gruner  and  the 
French  work  of  Jahr,  with  original  contributions  by  Chas.  J.  Hempel,  M.  D. 
New  York,  Radde.  i2mo,  pp.  359. 

1852. 

BUCHNER.  Homoopathische  Arzneibereitungslehre  von  Joseph  Buchner. 
Zweite  sehr  vermehrte  Auflage.  Miinchen,  Druck  und  Verlag  von  Geo.  Franz. 
8vo,  pp.  xvi,  468. 

BUCHNER.  Supplement  zur  homoopathischen  Arzneibereitungslehre.  Miinchen. 
8vo. 

HAMILTON.  Flora  Homosopathica  ;  or  illustrations  and  descriptions  of  the 
medicinal  plants  used  as  homoeopathic  remedies.  By  Edward  Hamilton,  M.  D., 
F.  L.  S.  36  plants,  Aconite  to  Hyoscyamus.  Vol.  I.  royal  octavo,  pp.  300. 
London,  Bailliere. 

Caspari's  homoopathisches  Dispensatorium  fiir  Aerzte  und  Apotheker,  worin 
nicht  zur  die  bis  jetzt  bekannten,  sondern  auch  die  in  Hahnemann's  neuestem 
Werke  und  die  in  Hartlaub  u.  Trink's  enthaltenen  Arzneien  aufgenommen 
sind.  Herausgegeben  von  F.  HARTMANN.  7  verb.  u.  verm.  Aufl.  mit  3  Abbildgn. 
Auch  unter  dem  Titel  :  Homoopathische  Pharmacopoe  fiir  Aerzte  und  Apotheker, 
v.  DR.  F.  HARTMANN.  Leipzig,  Baumgartner.  8vo,  pp.  xix,  227. 

(A  Latin  edition  was  published  this  year.) 


l8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


JAHR  &  CATELLAN.  Nouvelle  Pharmacop^e  Homoeopathique,  ou  histoire 
naturelle  et  preparation  des  medicaments  homoeopathiques  et  posologie,  ou  de 
1'administration  des  doses.  Par  le  Docteur  G.  H.  G.  Jahr  et  A.  Catellan. 
Seconde  edition,  revue  et  considerablement  augmented  accompagne'e  de  135  figures 
intercalees  dans  le  texte.  A  Paris,  chez  J.  B.  Bailliere.  i2mo,  pp.  vii,  436. 

HAMILTON.  Flora  Homceopathica  :  Vol.  II.,  containing  illustrations  and 
descriptions  of  30  plants  :  Ignatia  to  Verbascum.  Royal  octavo,  pp.  223.  London, 
Bailliere. 

1854. 

GRUNER.  Homoopathische  Pharmakopoe,  im  Auftrag  der  Centralvereins 
homoopathische  Aerzte  bearbeitet  und  zum  Gebrauch  der  Pharmaceuten, 
herausgegeben  mit  Vorwort  von  Medicalrath  Dr.  C.  F.  Trinks.  Zweite  sorgfaltig 
durchgeseh.  und  sehr  verm.  Auflage.  8vo,  pp.  259.  Leipzig,  Arnold. 

WEBER.  Codex  des  Medicaments  Homceopathiques  ou  Pharmacope'e  pratique 
et  raisonnee  a  1'  usage  des  Mddecins  et  des  Pharmaciens.  Par  George  P.  F.  Weber, 
Pharmacien  homoeopath  a  Paris.  Paris,  chez  J.  B.  Bailliere.  i2mo,  pp.  xii,  440. 

1855. 

GRUNER.  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia,  compiled  by  order  of  the  German 
Central  Union  of  Homoeopathic  Physicians  and  edited  for  the  use  of  Pharmaceu- 
tists by  Carl  Ernest  Gruner,  Apothecary  in  Dresden.  Authorized  English  edition. 
Translated  from  the  second  German  edition.  Leipzig,  Ch.  Arnold.  8vo,  pp.  224. 

1859. 

DORVAULT,  F.  Beknopte  Handleiding  voor  de  homceopathische  Pharmacie. 
Naar  het  Fransch.  Arnhem.  J.  Van  Egmond,  Jr.  8vo,  pp.  iv,  47. 

1860. 

DEVENTER.  Homoopathische  Pharmacopoe  von  Ludwig  Deventer.  Mit  einer 
lithographirten  Abbildung.  Berlin,  E.  Gross.  8vo,  pp.  xii,  172. 

JAHR,  G.  H.  G.  Y  CATELLAN.  Nueva  Farmacopea  Homeopdtica,  o  historia 
natural  y  preparacion  de  los  medicamentos  homeopdticos  y  posologia  6  de  la 
administration  de  las  ddsis.  2  edicion,  revisado  y  conciderablemente  augmentada 
con  135  figuras  intercaladas  en  el  texto.  Traducido  al  Espanol  por  D.  Silverio 
Rodriguez  Lopez.  Madrid,  Bailliere.  8vo,  pp.  xxiv,  428. 

1861. 

HAGERO.  Medicamenta  homoeopathica  et  isopathica  omnia,  ad  id  tempus  a 
medicis  aut  examinata  aut  usu  recepta.  Auctore  Dr.  H.  Hagero.  Lesnae,  sumpti- 
bus  et  typis  Ernesti  Guntheri.  8vo,  pp.  192. 

(The  first  section  on  general  preparations  was  translated  into  German  by 
Edward  Hahn,  and  is  published  as  an  appendix.) 

1862. 

JAHR  &  CATELLAN.  Nouvelle  Phatmacope'e  homoeopathique,  ou  Histoire 
naturelle,  preparation  et  posologie  ou  administration  des  doses  des  medicaments 
homoeopathiques.  3"  edition,  corrigee  et  augmentee,  avec  144  figures  intercalees 
dans  le  texte.  Paris,  Bailliere.  i2mo,  pp.  x,  436. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


1864. 

ALTSCHUL.  Real-Lexicon  fur  homoopathische  Arzneimittellehre.  Therapie 
und  Arzneibereitungskunde.  Nach  seinen  off  entlichen  Vorlesungen  an  der  Prager 
k.  k.  Universitat  und  unter  steter  Angabe  der  neuern  einfachen  Heilmittel  der 
physiologischen  Schule  bearbeitet  von  Dr.  med.  Altschul.  Sondershausen,  Fr. 
Aug.  Eupel.  8vo,  pp.  450. 

CASPARI.  Dr.  Caspari's  Homoopathisches  Dispensatorium  fur  Aerzte  und 
Apotheker.  8te  Auflage  neu  bearbeitet  von  A.  Margraf.  Leipzig,  Baumgartner's 
Buchhandlung.  12010,  pp.  108. 

GRUNER.  Homoopathische  Pharmakopoe  im  Auftrag  des  Centralvereins 
Homoopathischer  Aerzte.  Bearbeitet  und  zum  Gebauch  der  Pharmaceuten 
herausgegeben,  von  Carl  Ernest  Gruner.  Dritte  vermehrte  Auflage.  Leipzig, 
Arnoldische  Buchhandlung.  8vo,  pp.  xii,  240. 

1865. 

GOULLON.  Beschreibung  der  in  der  Homoopathischen  Pharmacopoe  Aufge- 
nommenen  Pflanzen  nebst  dreihundert  Tafeln  naturgetreu  colorirter  Abbildungen, 
der  Angabe  ihrer  Standorte,  ihrer  zur  Verwendung  kommenden  Theile  und  ihrer 
Anwendungsweisse  sowie  derjenigen  standigen  Krankheitsformen,  in  denen  sie 
sich  heilkraftig  erwiesen,  haben  von  Dr.  H.  Goullon.  Leipzig,  W.  Baensch.  410, 
pp.  xix,  443.  (Volume  of  300  colored  plates  separate.) 

1870. 

British  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia.  Published  by  the  British  Homoeopathic 
Society.  London.  8vo,  pp.  xiii,  336. 

1872. 

SCHWABE.  Pharmacopoea  homosopathica  polyglottica.  Bearbeitet  und  heraus- 
gegeben von  Dr.  Willmar  Schwabe,  homoopathischem  Apotheker  in  Leipzig. 
Rendered  into  English  by  Siiss-Hahnemann,  M.  D.,  London.  Redige"  pour  la 
France  par  le  Docteur  Alphonse  Noack,  Lyon.  Durch  dem  homoopathischen 
Central  Verein  Deutchlands  als  homceopathische  Normal  Pharmacopoe  autorisirt. 
Leipzig,  Dr.  W.  Schwabe.  8vo,  pp.  xxxii,  251. 

1876. 

British  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia.  Published  by  the  British  Homoeopathic 
Society.  Second  Edition.  London,  printed  by  W.  J.  Johnson.  8vo,  pp.  xliii,  396. 

United  States  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia.  First  Edition.  Chicago,  Duncan 
Bros.  8vo,  pp.  281. 

Homoopatische  Pharmacopoe  von  Ludwig  Deventer.  Zweite  vermehrte  und 
verbesserte  Auflage.  Berlin,  in  Selbstverlage  des  Verfassers.  8vo,  pp.  236. 

1880. 

SCHWABE.  Pharmacopoea  homoeopathica  polyglotta.  Bearbeitet  und  heraus- 
gegeben von  Dr.  Willmar  Schwabe,  Besitzer  der  homoopathischen  Central- 
Apotheke  zu  Leipzig.  Rendered  into  English  by  Lemuel  Steffens,  M.  D.,  Phila- 
delphia. Re'dige'  pour  la  France  par  le  Docteur  Alphonse  Noack,  Lyon.  Voltata 
in  Italiano  dal  Dottore  Tommaso  Cigliano,  Napoli.  Traducida  al  Espanol  por  el 
Dr.  Paz  Alvarez,  Madrid.  Durch  den  homoopathischen  Central  Verein  Deutsch- 


2O  AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 

lands  und  den  Verein  homoopathischer  Aerzte  Ungarns  als  homoopathische 
Normal-Pharmacopoe  autorisirt.  Zweite,  vermehrte  und  verbesserte  Auflage. 
Leipzig,  Dr.  W.  Schwabe. 

SCHWABE.  English  Edition.  Pharmacopoea  homoeopathicapolyglotta.  Edited 
by  Dr.  Willmar  Schwabe,  Leipzig.  Rendered  into  English  by  Lemuel  Steffens, 
M.  D.,  Philadelphia.  Second  Edition  revised  and  enlarged.  Leipzig,  Dr.  W. 
Schwabe.  New  York,  Boericke  &  Tafel.  8vo,  pp.  xii,  374. 

1882. 

British  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia.  Published  under  the  direction  of  the 
British  Homoeopathic  Society.  Third  Edition.  London,  published  for  the  British 
Homoeopathic  Society  by  E.  GOULD  &  SON.  8vo,  pp.  xix,  456. 

Companion  to  the  British  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia  of  1876,  arranged  in  the 
form  of  a  Dictionary  by  KEENE  &  ASHWELL,  Manufacturing  Homoeopathic 
Chemists.  London,  Keene  &  Ashwell.  i2mo,  pp.  132. 

American  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia.  Compiled  and  published  by  Boericke 
&  Tafel,  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  8vo,  pp.  523. 

1883. 

American  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia.  Second  Edition,  thoroughly  revised 
and  augmented  by  JOSEPH  T.  O'CONNOR,  M.  D.  Compiled  and  published  by 
Boericke  &  Tafel,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Chicago.  8vo,  pp.  511. 

1884. 

American  Homoeopathic  Dispensatory.  By  THEO.  D.  WILLIAMS,  M.  D. 
Chicago,  Gross  &  Delbridge.  8vo,  pp.  698. 

1885. 

American  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia.  Third  Edition,  thoroughly  revised 
and  augmented  by  J.  T.  O'CONNOR,  M.  D.  Compiled  and  published  by  Boericke 
&  Tafel,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Chicago.  8vo,  pp.  511. 

1890. 

American  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia.  Revised  and  augmented  by  JOSEPH  T. 
O'CONNOR,  M.  D.  Fourth  Edition.  Compiled  and  published  by  Boericke  & 
Tafel,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Chicago.  8vo. 


GENERAL  PHARMACY 


—  OF  — 


DRUGS  FOR  HOMEOPATHIC  USE. 


It  is  the  object  of  this  work  to  furnish  the  pharmacist,  as  well  as 
the  physician,  with  information  needed  for  the  preparation  of  drugs 
to  be  used  as  homoeopathic  medicines,  and  to  secure  uniformity  in 
their  preparation.  It  is  to  be  taken  for  granted  that  both  physician 
and  pharmacist  possess  sufficient  knowledge  of  collateral  sciences, 
such  as  chemistry,  botany,  physics,  etc.,  so  that  it  remains  to  instruct 
them  only  in  the  methods  of  preparing  drugs  in  a  manner  peculiar  to 
homoeopathic  practice. 

As  most  drugs  are  now  obtained  from  individuals  and  firms  making 
a  specialty  of  their  production  or  collection  on  a  large  scale,  with 
which  the  pharmacist  is  presumably  familiar,  we  need  only  direct  his 
attention  to  tests  for  their  purity  and  genuineness.  The  physician, 
on  the  other  hand,  engaged  in  preparing  his  own  medicines,  will  find 
detailed  information  concerning  the  sources,  nature,  collection  and 
preparation  of  drugs. 

Essentials  of  Homoeopathic  Pharmacy.  The  pharmacy  of  medicine 
for  homoeopathic  use  differs  in  many  essential  details  from  other  and 
older  methods.  Although  accuracy  is  the  basis  of  every  method,  it 
is  doubly  important  in  homoeopathic  pharmacy,  whose  distinctive 
feature  is  its  simplicity.  Drugs,  when  prepared  as  medicines  for 
homoeopathic  use,  are  never  mixed  or  compounded,  but  to  render 
them  available  for  use,  each  in  its  natural  state  is,  after  proper  sub- 
division, added  singly  to  some  vehicle  which  will  serve  the  purpose 


22  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

of  a  preservative,  as  well  as  a  means  of  extension.  Cleanliness,  also, 
as  required  by  homoeopathy,  differs  as  much  from  that  of  the  older 
pharmacy  as  the  cleanliness  of  modern  surgery  differs  from  the 
practice  before  the  days  of  antiseptic  methods.  It  involves  the 
most  conscientious  care  in  handling  drugs  of  different  kinds,  and  in 
keeping  them  from  contact  with  each  other ;  in  storing  so  as  to 
protect  from  vapors,  odors  and  dust  of  others,  and  in  keeping  them 
in  cool,  airy,  dry  and  darkened  places. 

Books  of  Reference ;  names  and  titles.  The  retention  of  older  botan- 
ical names  is  due  to  the  technical  terminology  of  a  century,  with 
its  nomenclature  which,  like  the  names  of  animals  yielding  medicinal 
substances,  it  was  deemed  unsafe  to  change.  As  a  rule,  the  Latin 
titles  as  heretofore  used  in  the  literature  of  homoeopathy,  are  retained  ; 
the  generic  names  of  plants  and  animals  are  adopted  as  leading  ones, 
excepting  where  usage  has  adhered  to  the  specific  name  :  e.g.,  Chamo- 
milla  is  retained  in  preference  to  the  use  of  the  present  botanical 
genus  name,  Matricaria.  The  species  name,  however,  has  been  added 
in  all  cases. 

The  English  derivatives  from  Latin  titles  are  also  preferred,  owing 
to  long  usage,  such  as  Aconite  instead  of  Monkshood.  The  English 
titles  of  the  chemical  salts  accord  with  the  latest  approved  rules  of 
chemical  nomenclature.  We  have,  however,  omitted  the  use  of  the 
common  English  names,  such  as  Iron,  Gold,  Silver  and  Lead,  pre- 
ferring to  arrange  them  under  Ferrum  (Ferric  and  Ferrous),  Aurum, 
Argentum,  Plumbum,  etc.,  respectively.  As  salts  of  the  rarer  metals, 
such  as  Cadmium,  Iranium  and  Magnesium,  have  no  vulgar  English 
names,  this  plan  secures  harmony  in  the  use  of  names. 

The  common  synonyms  of  medical  literature  are  retained,  and  the 
alkaloids  and  neutral  proximate  principles  are  not  specially  distin- 
guished by  Latin  terminology.  Instead  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine, 
we  write  Strychninum,  and  for  Quinia  we  retain  the  older  form  of 
Chiriinum. 

According  to  the  latest  rules  (of  the  International  Botanical  Con- 
gress of  Paris  in  1867)  in  all  Latin  titles  the  substantives  begin  with 
a  capital,  and  the  adjectives  with  a  small  initial,  excepting  those  de- 
rived from  names  of  persons, — for  instance,  Pulsatilla  nigricans,  Pul- 
satilla  Nuttalliana. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMfEOPATHY.  23 

The  Unit  of  Medicinal  Strength. 

In  accordance  with  the  suggestion  made  by  the  Special  Committee, 
and  adopted  by  the  American  Institute  of  Homoeopathy,  at  Niagara 
Falls  in  1888,  the  Pharmacopeia  Committee  have  prescribed  the 
necessary  rules  to  make  the  dilutions  to  correspond  in  medicinal 
strength  (drug-power),  with  triturations  of  the  same  number  (see  In- 
troduction). This  is  in  accordance  with  the  intention  of  Hahnemann, 
and  also  with  that  of  the  older  authorities  on  homoeopathic  pharmacy. 
In  illustration,  we  quote  substantially  from  the  Materia  Medico.  Pura 
of  1824,  Vol.  2,  page  30,  and  refer  also  to  the  Chronic  Diseases,  page 
182  (German  edition),  1835,  relating  to  the  making  of  triturations  :  — 

"  In  order  to  make  alcoholic  medicinal  solutions  of  uniform  strength,  and  to 
obtain  from  them  readily  determinable  dilutions,  add  20  parts  of  alcohol  to  one 
part  of  finely  powdered  drug-substance  of  such  plants  as  are  to  be  obtained  only 
in  their  dry  state."  .  .  . 

"  Each  drop  of  such  a  tincture  is  to  be  considered  as  equal  to  one-twentieth 
(-/„)  part  of  medicinal  power.  In  order  to  dilute  it  for  homoeopathic  use,  the 
directions  given  under  the  head  of  "Arsenic  "  are  to  be  followed.  For  this  purpose 
take  a  vial  containing  500  drops  of  alcohol,  and  add  one  drop  of  the  strong  tincture. 
This,  after  proper  succussion,  will  yield  a  dilution  to  be  labelled  TuiTnrj  each 
drop  in  this  vial  containing  one  ten-thousandth  part  of  the  medicinal  power 
(substance)." 

"  As  the  juices  of  fresh  plants  are  in  general  prepared  for  homoeopathic  use  with 
equal  parts  of  alcohol,  it  follows  that  each  drop  of  this  dilution  is  to  be  considered 
as  containing  one-half  of  a  grain  of  medicinal  power  (substance).  Hence,  in  the 
making  of  dilutions,  two  such  drops  are  first  intimately  mixed  with  98  drops  of 
alcohol,  in  order  that  each  drop  of  this  mixture  may  contain  VJV  of  the  power  of 
the  plant,  the  vial  to  be  labelled  accordingly.  The  next  dilutions  are  made  as 
before  directed." 

Hahnemann's  object  evidently  was  to  formulate  a  standard  rule 
according  to  which  all  alcoholic  medicinal  solutions  (tinctures,  ex- 
tracts, etc.)  and  their  dilutions  might  be  made  of  uniform  drug 
power  to  be  represented  by  the  dry  crude  drug  as  the  unit  of  strength 
in  the  case  of  tinctures  made  from  dried  substances,  and  by  the  plant- 
juice  as  the  unit  when  made  from  fresh  green  drugs. 

To  avoid  the  double  standard  made  by  Hahnemann,  and  to  secure 
uniformity  in  strength  (drug-power)  of  all  preparations  and  attenua- 
tions, thereby  making  dilutions  and  triturations  of  equal  degree  cor- 
respond in  medicinal  strength,  the  committee  have  in  all  cases  made 


24  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

the  dry  crude  drug  the  unit  from  which  to  estimate  strength.  It 
should  be  understood,  however,  that  the  fresh  green  materials  are 
still  required  in  the  preparation  of  tinctures,  and  that  the  plant- 
moisture  is  to  be  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  vehicle  or  menstruum,  it 
being  evident  that  the  water  contained  in  the  plant  is  but  a  solvent 
and  forms  no  part  of  its  medicinal  substance.  Adopting  this  rule  in 
our  tincture-making  processes,  we  have  followed  that  excellent 
authority,  the  British  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia,  thereby  securing 
uniformity  in  strength.  To  quote  from  this  work,  Part  I.,  pages  1 1 
and  1 2  :  "In  every  instance,  the  dry  crude  substance  is  to  be  taken  as 
the  starting  point  from  whence  to  calculate  its  strength,  and,  with  very 
few  exceptions,  the  mother  tinctures  contain  all  the  soluble  matter  of 
one  grain  of  the  dry  plant  in  ten  minims  of  the  tincture" 

The  tincture,  therefore,  representing  as  it  does  one-tenth  part 
medicinal  substance,  or,  in  other  words,  the  soluble  constituents  of 
one-tenth  its  substance  of  crude  drug,  should  represent  the  ix  (y1^), 
thereby  corresponding  in  strength  with  the  ix  trituration.  Uniformity 
is  thus  secured  and  the  signs  ix  or  ^,  on  whatever  form  of  attenu- 
ation they  may  be  found,  will  always  represent  a  drug  power  of 
one-tenth,  the  sign  2x  will  show  the  presence  of  yi^  part  drug 
substance,  and  the  familiar  3x  will  show  -t  0X0  0  part. 

When  we  consider  how  widely  different  are  the  methods  employed 
by  pharmacists  as  well  as  physicians  in  the  preparation  of  homoeo- 
pathic tinctures  and  attenuations,  some  following  the  rules  prescribed 
by  Hahnemann,  others  modifications  of  these  rules  as  given  in  some 
of  our  pharmacopeias,  while  yet  others  are  making  the  mother 
tincture  the  basis  from  which  to  estimate  strength  irrespective  of  the 
drug  power  of  the  tincture  used,  it  is  evident  that  many  will  be 
required  to  change  their  present  methods,  notwithstanding  they  have 
become  familiar,  in  order  that  we  may  adopt  a  standard  and  thereby 
secure  uniformity  in  our  preparations. 

After  careful  consideration  of  all  the  questions  involved,  the  dry 
crude  drug  has  been  determined  upon  as  the  unit  of  strength,  the 
committee  being  firmly  convinced  that  by  adopting  this  standard  the 
most  satisfactory  results  would  be  secured,  and  uniformity  insured, 
with  the  least  friction  and  inconvenience  to  both  physician  and 
pharmacist. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  2$ 

Unknown  Substances.  A  homoeopathic  pharmacopeia  should  not 
be  encumbered  with  descriptions  of  uncertain  and  little-known  sub- 
stances, as  drugs  which  have  not  been  properly  "proved"  or  tested  for 
their  pathogenetic  effects  upon  the  normal  living  organism  are  of  no 
value  to  the  physician,  and  therefore  of  no  importance  to  the 
pharmacist,  who  will  not  seek  them  in  a  work  of  this  kind. 

Weights  and  Measures. 

Alcoholic  and  aqueous  liquids  are  to  be  measured  by  volume,  and 
the  drug  as  a  rule  by  weight.  The  metric  system  has  been  employed 
in  the  text  of  Part  II.  of  this  work,  as  this  is  the  only  one  which  offers 
a  measure  of  weight  commensurate  with  that  of  volume,  and  its 
arrangement  on  the  decimal  scale  renders  it  peculiarly  adapted  to  the 
uses  of  homoeopathic  pharmacy.  The  physician  or  pharmacist  who 
prefers  to  adhere  to  other  systems  more  familiar  can  readily  do  so, 
and  for  such,  tables  for  reference  have  been  included  in  Part  III. 

Utensils. 

The  utensils  used  in  the  pharmacy  of  homoeopathic  medicines  do 
not  differ  from  those  used  in  pharmacy  in  general.  They  consist  of 
bottles  with  glass  and  with  cork  stoppers,  measuring  glasses,  sieves, 
mortars  and  pestles,  spatulas,  spoons,  funnels,  presses,  and  a  variety 
of  apparatus  and  machinery  of  a  more  or  less  complicated  kind  for 
the  grinding  of  triturations  and  the  making  of  pellets,  tablets,  etc., 
the  description  of  which  is  omitted  from  a  book  which  aims  rather  to 
elucidate  principles  involved  in  a  certain  method,  than  to  describe 
mechanical  details  which  may  be  varied  by  the  needs  or  ingenuity  of 
the  pharmacist  who  now  produces  his  wares  on  a  large  scale. 

The  Apparatus  essential  to  homoeopathic  pharmacy  consists  of  vessels 
and  implements  for  the  making  of  tinctures  and  solutions  and  for  the 
trituration  or  grinding  of  hard  and  dry  as  well  as  of  moist  and  soft 
substances  with  milk-sugar.  Such  implements,  while  common  to 
general  pharmacy,  deserve  some  explanation  relating  to  their  use  in 
homoeopathic  pharmacy. 

These  utensils,  few  in  kind,  include  macerating  jars,  funnels  and 
percolators  for  tinctures  and  other  fluid  preparations  containing  the 
soluble  portions  of  vegetable  substances ;  also,  mortars  with  their 


26  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

pestles  and  sieves,  for  the  grinding  and  sifting  of  hard  or  insoluble 
substances. 

Special  Description.  Macerating  jars,  percolators,  funnels  and  all 
vessels  used  in  homoeopathic  pharmacy  should  be  of  glass  or  glazed 
porcelain.  No  porous  substance  or  metal  will  sufficiently  protect 
drugs  from  contamination  with  each  other. 

From  the  beginning  of  homoeopathic  pharmacy  it  has  been  held  as 
an  inviolable  rule  to  provide  a  separate  macerator,  percolator,  funnel 
or  vessel  of  any  kind  for  the  preparation  and  preservation  of  each  drug. 
As  far  as  possible  this  ideal  rule  should  be  observed. 

Presses  should  be  lined  with  block-tin,  as  this  is  not  porous  and  is 

practically  insoluble. 

t 
Chopping-boards  are  unobjectionable  if  a  separate  one  is  provided 

for  each  article  to  be  chopped  on  it.     The  board  should  previously 
have  been  cleansed  by  steam,  a  method  to  be  mentioned  later. 

Cleanliness  and  Cleansing  of  Utensils.  The  danger  of  contamina- 
tion of  medicines  with  each  other  or  with  the  impurities  from  many 
other  sources,  merits  some  special  consideration.  The  whole  subject 
of  utensils  and  their  cleanliness  in  homoeopathic  pharmacy  is  embodied 
in  the  principle  that  each  medicine  must  be  prepared  and  admin- 
istered singly,  that  is,  without  admixture  or  contamination  with  other 
medicines  or  noxious  influences  of  any  kind. 

It  has  always  been  the  aim  of  physicians  and  pharmacists  to  carry 
out  this  principle  most  minutely,  especially  on  account  of  the  extreme 
fineness  of  attenuations,  fluid  or  dry,  the  protection  of  which  against 
contaminating  influences  is  justly  to  be  considered  as  an  object  more 
difficult  to  attain  than  hitherto  deemed  possible.  Some  of  the 
reasons  for  this  will  be  found  in  the  appended  foot-note.*  For  the 
present  we  are  limited  to  the  following  methods  and  precautions  : — 

*In  the  older  works  and  treatises  on  homoeopathic  pharmacy,  as  well  as  in  those  of  today,  the 
final  purpose  of  all  measures  has  been,  and  is,  to  reach  a  sufficient  degree  of  attenuation.  Quite  apart 
from  the  question  as  to  the  divisibility  of  matter  beyond  the  24th  decimal  (i2th  centesimal)  attenua- 
tion, there  can  be  no  doubt  that  either  within  or  beyond  this  limit,  it  is  quite  impossible  to  devise  any 
precaution  for  the  protection  of  medicines  against  extraneous  admixtures  of  organic  and  inorganic 
matter.  We  therefore  deem  the  following  as  an  important  subject  for  consideration,  condensed  from 
the  original  article :  — 

"  In  the  making  of  dilutions  there  are  many  sources  of  error  to  be  found  in  the  utensils,  the  vehicles 
and  in  manipulation.  Utensils  are  never  obtained  nor  made  absolutely  clean,  and  it  is  more  than 
doubtful  if  they  ever  can  be.  Cork  is  porous,  and  its  interstices  are  rilled  with  many  substances  which 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  27 

For  the  purpose  of  cleansing  utensils  it  will  serve  to  wash  and 
then  to  rinse  them  with  the  purest  obtainable  common  water,  after 
which  distilled  water,  and,  lastly,  alcohol  is  to  be  used.  The  vessel 
or  other  implement  is  then  to  be  inverted  on  blotting  paper  or  some 
pure  absorbent  material  until  dry. 

We  would  also  urge  that  cleansing  by  steam  on  a  properly  con- 
structed apparatus  would  insure  the  most  perfect  destruction  of 
organic  and  other  impurities.  An  apparatus  of  this  kind  need  not  be 
bulky,  complicated  nor  expensive,  and  would  save  much  time  and 
labor.  It  could  be  applied  to  bottles  and  other  vessels,  as  well  as  to 
mortars,  pestles,  percolators,  macerators,  etc.  It  has  always  been  the 
custom  to  provide  one  of  the  last-named  articles  for  each  medicine,  a 
condition  which  it  is  neither  unreasonable  nor  difficult  to  fulfill,  but  it 
may  be  so  in  the  case  of  more  cumbersome  and  costly  appliances  for 
the  production  of  pharmaceutical  material  on  a  large  scale.  It  is 
here  that  steam  cleansing  would  prove  effectual  and  practical. 

Menstrua,  Vehicles  or  Solvents. 

These  should  be  inert,  non-toxic  substances,  such  as  milk-sugar, 
water  and  glycerin.  But  as  these  are  unable  to  dissolve  or  extract 
the  toxic  (medicinal)  properties  of  most  substances,  alcohol  is  prefer- 
ably used,  for  its  superior  solvent  and  preservative  qualities. 

The  latter  is  not  inert  nor  non-toxic,  and  is  therefore  not  strictly  in 
harmony  with  the  principle  of  singleness  of  medicines.  Yet,  as  there 

do  not  belong  to  the  fluid  contained  in  the  corked  vessel.  A  fractional  part  of  the  substance  of  mortars 
is  always  added  to  the  trituration.  In  distillation  a  glass  retort  is  always  considerably  attacked  in  the 
process,  as  is  well  known  to  chemists.  If  metals  such  as  tin  are  used,  there  is  danger  of  the  contamina- 
tion with  the  lead  of  the  solder.  If  tin  is  soluble  in  water  even  in  the  proportion  of  i  to  100  millions 
of  parts,  we  do  not  obtain  pure  water,  but  the  fourth  centesimal  dilution.  According  to  Fresenius, 
one  litre  of  water  dissolves  fourteen  milligrammes  of  Bohemian  glass.  Common  sodium  glass 
is  much  softer,  and  after  distilled  [or  undistilled, — Ed.]  water  has  been  contained  in  glass  bottles  for 
several  days,  we  shall  have  a  solution  of  glass  somewhat  stronger  than  the  3rd  centesimal  dilution. 
If  glass  is  as  soluble  in  alcohol  as  in  water,  this  solution  will  contain  silica,  potassium,  sodium,  lime 
and  lead.  In  consequence  of  the  impurities  of  the  components  used  in  the  making  of  glass,  we  shall 
have  also  iron,  manganese,  and,  in  the  case  of  brown  glass,  uranium. 

"  Milk-sugar,  notwithstanding  careful  re-crystallization,  will  contain  perceptible  traces  of  the  metals 
of  the  vessels  used  in  making  it. 

"  When  a  dilution  is  made  of  any  of  the  above  substances,  more  of  any  of  them  is  already  contained 
in  the  vehicle  than  is  added  to  it  for  the  purpose  of  dilution."— From  an  article  entitled  "  The  Purity 
of  Medicines,"  by  Dr.  S.  J.  Van  Royen,  Allgcmaine  Homeo.  Zeitung,  August  18,  1891,  p.  183.  See 
also  Dr.  Lembke,  Ibid,  June  4,  1891,  p.  164.  Also  articles  in  the  Transactions  of  the  American  Insti- 
tute of  Homceopathy,  referred  to  elsewhere. 

We  have  already  alluded  to  the  ever-present  atmospheric  dust  containing  carbon,  sodium,  innumer- 
able organic  particles,  and  a  multitude  of  microbes  only  to  be  destroyed  by  antiseptic  means. 


28  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

is  no  other  menstruum  which  will  serve  the  same  purpose,  the  drug- 
substance  held  in  solution  by  it,  preponderates  so  largely  that  the 
effect  of  the  solvent  vehicle  is  not  generally  noticed  ;  or,  where  that 
is  the  case  in  the  proving  of  tinctures,  or  in  their  therapeutic  use,  the 
effect  is  to  be  eliminated  by  its  characteristic  signs. 

If  an  attenuated  dilution,  made  as  is  usual  with  alcohol,  is  added  to 
water  or  milk-sugar,  the  volatility  of  alcohol  renders  it  innocuous  and 
imperceptible.  The  chief  advantage  is,  that  it  does  not  alter  the 
chemical,  toxic  and  medicinal  properties  of  drugs,  while  at  the  same 
time  it  is  their  most  reliable  preservative,  retaining  their  active 
properties  for  an  indefinite  time. 

The  Object  of  Fluid  Vehicles  is  two-fold.  First,  to  extract  and  hold 
in  solution  the  toxic  properties  of  drugs,  and,  second,  to  dilute  or 
expand  tinctures  or  solutions,  as  will  be  explained  in  the  paragraph 
on  Dilutions. 

Alcohol,  or  Alcohol  Fortior  (strong  alcohol),  contains  about 
91  per  cent  by  weight  or  94  per  cent  by  volume  of  Ethyl  Alcohol 
(C2H-OH=45.9),  and  about  9  per  cent  by  weight  or  6  per  cent  by 
volume  of  water.  Its  specific  gravity  at  60°  F.  (15.6°  C.)  is  820. 

Strong  alcohol  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles,  and  in  a 
cool  place,  and,  on  account  of  its  inflammable  nature,  remote  from 
fire.  It  may  be  diluted  to  any  degree  with  water.  Strong  alcohol 
is  used  principally  in  the  preparation  of  tinctures. 

When  the  term  Alcohol  is  used  in  the  text  of  Part  II.,  it  is  under- 
stood to  refer  to  strong  alcohol. 

Officinal  Alcohol,  or  Dispensing  Alcohol  (Alcohol  officinale)  contains 
83  per  cent  by  weight,  or  88  per  cent  by  volume,  of  Ethyl  Alcohol 
(C2H5OH=45.9),  and  17  per  cent  by  weight,  or  14  per  cent  by 
volume,  of  water.  Its  specific  gravity  at  60°  F.  (15.6°  C.)  is  840. 

This  strength  of  alcohol  may  be  made  by  adding  i  part  by  vol- 
ume of  distilled  water  to  11.75  parts  by  volume  of  strong  alcohol,  or 
i  part  by  weight  of  distilled  water  to  9.64  parts  by  weight  of  strong 
alcohol. 

Dispensing  alcohol  is  used  for  making  most  of  the  dilutions  from 
tinctures,  as  this  degree  of  strength  is  more  readily  absorbed  by  both 
cane-  and  milk-sugar,  and  is  consequently  better  suited  for  medicating 
purposes. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


Tests  of  Alcohol.  Unless  it  corresponds  to  the  following  tests  it  is 
not  suited  to  our  purposes.  It  should  be  colorless,  transparent  and 
volatile,  without  residue  at  low  temperature,  and  of  agreeably  pungent 
fragrance.  It  burns  with  a  blue  flame,  and  a  few  drops  rubbed  in  the 
hand  should  disappear  without  leaving  odor  or  stain.  If  a  quantity 
of  strong  alcohol  is  evaporated  to  one-fifth  its  volume,  and  the  same 
volume  of  pure  sulfuric  acid  is  added,  the  mixture  should  remain 
colorless,  as  a  proof  of  the  absence  of  fusel-oil  and  other  impurities. 
Mixed  with  pure  water  in  any  proportion,  it  should  remain  clear.  No 
weighable  residue  nor  perceptible  color  should  remain  after  evapora- 
tion of  an  ounce  of  alcohol  in  a  clear  glass  vessel.  When  one  volume 
of  alcohol  is  mixed  with  half  its  volume  of  test  solution  of  Potassium 
hydrate,  the  liquid  should  not  at  once  become  dark  colored  ;  the  non- 
appearance  of  this  dark  color  will  prove  the  absence  of  aldehyde, 
methyl  alcohol,  or  oak  tannin.  When  mixed  with  silver  nitrate,  and 
exposed  to  sunlight  for  twenty-four  hours,  there  should  be  no  pre- 
cipitate. The  usual  recommendation  of  re-distillation  by  the  phar- 
macist is  not  practicable,  as  this  process  requires  a  more  costly,  com- 
plicated and  perfect  apparatus  than  would  be  likely  to  be  in  the  outfit 
of  any  but  a  distiller,  of  whom  a  better  article  should  be  obtained. 

Distilled  Water  (Aqua  distillatd).  Much  stress  is  laid  in  some  phar- 
macopeias on  the  source  from  which  water  is  taken.  While  it  is 
good  practice  to  take  it  from  any  source,  pond  or  river,  as  free  as 
possible  from  mineral  and  organic  admixtures,  for  which  it  should  be 
tested,  pure  water  is  to  be  obtained  only  by  distillation  All  authori- 
ties agree  that  a  copper  still  and  worm  with  pure  tin  lining  is  the 
best  so  far  as  known,  provided  also  that  such  a  still  has  not  been  used 
for  any  other  purpose.  The  process  of  distillation  should  be  con- 
ducted at  a  gentle  heat,  and  with  the  still  but  half  filled  with  water  ; 
the  first  five  or  six  per  cent  should  be  rejected,  and  also  the  last  15 
or  25  per  cent.  It  is  well  to  receive  it  from  the  still  at  once  into  the 
glass-stoppered  bottles  in  which  it  is  to  be  kept.  It  is  said  that  her- 
metically sealed,  it  will  remain  pure  for  years,  but  it  is  best  to  prepare 
only  a  limited  supply  at  a  time,  because  inorganic  dust  and  microbes 
will  enter,  and  the  latter  will  rapidly  multiply,  causing  a  scum  or  a 
mucous-like  sediment. 


3O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Tests  of  Distilled  Water.  This  should  be  colorless,  odorless  and 
tasteless,  leaving  no  residue  when  evaporated  on  a  glass  plate.  It 
should  be  perfectly  indifferent  to  litmus  paper,  and  no  precipitate 
should  be  found  on  the  addition  of  barium  chlorid,  silver  nitrate,  am- 
monium oxalate,  sulfuric  acid  or  lime  water,  which,  in  the  presence 
of  carbonic  oxid,  will  cause  a  white  precipitate. 

Milk-Sugar  (Sacckarum  lactis  or  lactose).  Chemical  formula, 
C12H22O11H2O.  Molecular  weight,  359. 16.  As  its  production,  like 
that  of  alcohol,  is  not  generally  required  of  the  pharmacist,  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  process  is  omitted,  but  the  tests  for  its  purity  should  be 
carefully  observed.  It  is  one  of  the  constituents  of  milk,  and  is 
present  in  small  quantities  in  vegetable  substances,  where  it  is 
detected  by  their  undergoing  lactic  acid  fermentation.  Milk-sugar 
occurs  in  four-sided  rhombic  prisms  which  are  odorless,  of  pure  white 
color,  of  faintly  sweet  taste,  gritty,  and  soluble  in  one  part  of  boiling 
water  and  in  about  six  parts  of  water  at  60°  F.,  and  insoluble  in 
alcohol,  chloroform  and  ether. 

Tests  of  Milk-Sugar.  Its  perfect  whiteness  indicates  freedom  from 
fat.  It  should  be  non-hygroscopic,  odorless  and  of  its  natural,  faintly 
sweet  taste.  When  pure,  it  should  dissolve  in  hot  water  without 
cloudiness,  and  be  neutral  to  litmus  paper.  Half  an  ounce  of  a  hot 
saturated  solution  of  milk-sugar  added  to  an  equal  quantity  of  sodium 
hydrate  to  saturation,  and  gently  warmed,  will  turn  yellow  and 
brownish-red,  yielding  a  brick-red  precipitate  on  the  addition  of  a  few 
drops  of  a  saturated  solution  of  copper  sulfate. 

When  suspected  of  impurity,  the  ordinary  commercial  milk-sugar 
should  be  purified  by  re-crystallization  from  its  solution  in  distilled 
water,  or  by  precipitation  by  use  of  strong  alcohol  from  a  filtered 
watery  solution.  After  this,  the  precipitate  is  to  be  washed  in  dis- 
tilled water,  dried,  and  preserved  in  a  dry,  cool  place  in  carefully 
closed  jars. 

Like  alcohol  and  water,  it  is  one  of  three  substances  so  indispen- 
sable in  the  preparation  of  drugs  for  homoeopathic  use.  Like  water, 
it  has  no  toxic  properties,  while  the  hardness  of  its  crystals  renders 
it  peculiarly  useful  in  triturating  hard  and  insoluble  substances.  It 
is  easily  made  into  tablets  or  other  forms,  which  in  their  pores  absorb 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  31 

medicinal  solutions.  Its  preservative  properties  are  superior  to  cane- 
sugar  and  most  other  substances,  keeping  the  minutest  particles  of 
triturated  metals  untarnished  by  oxidization,  for  an  indefinite  time. 
Even  readily  deflorescent  substances,  like  potassium  iodid  and  others 
that  are  easily  decomposed,  are  preserved  by  trituration  with  equal 
parts  of  milk-sugar,  even  if  kept  in  paper  capsules,  for  a  much  longer 
time  than  without  the  milk-sugar. 

Ether  (sEther  fortior}.  Strong  Ether,  anesthetic.  Ether  consists 
of  96  per  cent  by  weight  of  ethyl  oxid  (C2H5)2O.  Its  specific 
gravity  at  60°  F.  is  0.725.  It  contains  beside,  about  four  per  cent  of 
alcohol  and  a  small  proportion  of  water.  It  is  a  colorless,  very 
volatile  and  inflammable  liquid,  the  vapor  of  which,  mixed  with  air, 
is  explosive  if  in  contact  with  a  flame,  and  hence  dangerous.  It  is 
soluble  in  ten  times  its  volume  of  water,  and  is  miscible  in  all  propor- 
tions with  alcohol. 

Tests.  Ether  is  of  a  peculiarly  characteristic  and  persistent  odor. 
Mixed  with  equal  proportion  of  water,  well  shaken  and  allowed  to 
stand,  nine-tenths  will  separate  and  float  on  top,  undissolved.  It  is 
indifferent  to  blue  litmus  paper,  and  leaves  no  residue  on  evapora- 
tion. Ether  is  best  preserved  in  hermetically  closed  tin  cans  in  a 
cool  place.  It  is  used  only  for  the  solution  of  a  few  substances  which 
will  not  dissolve  in  alcohol. 

Glycerin  (Glycerinum,  Glycerol)  is  obtained  by  the  decomposition 
of  animal  fats  and  fixed  oils.  Its  chemical  formula  is  C3H5(OH)3. 
It  is  a  clear,  syrupy  fluid,  containing  a  small  percentage  of  water.  It 
is  intensely  sweet  to  the  taste,  very  soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol, 
but  insoluble  in  ether  and  chloroform.  Its  specific  gravity  at  60°  F. 
is  1.25. 

Tests.  In  watery  solution  it  is  neutral  to  litmus  paper.  If  mixed 
with  water  it  slowly  evaporates  with  the  water  at  its  usual  boiling 
point ;  but  when  heated  by  itself  to  a  higher  temperature,  it  emits 
acrid  vapors.  Mixed  with  six  times  its  volume  of  distilled  water,  it 
should  show  no  precipitate  nor  cloudiness  when  treated  with  hydrogen 
sulfid,  barium  chlorid,  calcium  chlorid,  ammonium  chlorid  or  strong 
alcohol. 


32  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


DRUGS  AND  MEDICINAL  SUBSTANCES. 

A  brief  definition  of  the  subjects,  according  to  the  tenets  of 
homoeopathy,  may  assist  the  pharmacist  in  his  important  calling,  and 
is  here  subjoined: — 

Drugs  are  to  be  defined  as  substances  which  have  the  power  of 
disturbing  the  health  of  the  living  organism.  Each  drug  is  capable  of 
exerting  this  power  in  a  manner  peculiar  to  itself,  and  therein  differs 
and  may  be  distinguished  from  other  drugs  in  their  tests  (provings) 
upon  the  normal  organism. 

The  toxic  or  pathogenic  property  or  power  of  drugs  under  certain 
conditions  known  to  the  physician,  becomes  a  curative  agent  in 
disease.  Hence,  substances  which  are  primarily  toxic  or  pathogenic, 
are  secondarily  medicines  when  prescribed  in  disease,  and  prepared 
for  that  purpose  by  the  pharmacist. 

Derivation  of  Drugs.  The  mass  of  drugs,  that  is,  the  Materia 
Medica,  is  derived  from,  and  already  represents,  all  great  natural 
divisions,  such  as  animals,  plants,  minerals,  and  also  many  artificial 
products  of  chemistry. 

In  the  early  days  of  homoeopathy,  physicians,  unable  to  obtain 
their  materials  in  any  other  way,  were  obliged  to  collect  and  prepare 
their  own  medicines.  But  the  increase  in  numbers  of  homoeopathic 
physicians  and  their  growing  duties  soon  compelled  them  to  intrust 
the  preparation  of  medicines  to  pharmacists  trained  in  the  special 
methods  of  the  homoeopathic  school.  Homoeopathic  pharmacy,  there- 
fore, naturally  fell  into  the  hands  of  firms  who  obtain  and  prepare 
their  material  in  large  quantities.  But  it  is  still  as  desirable  as  ever 
that  physicians  should  know  how  to  prepare  their  own  medicines  and 
to  collect  their  material  for  that  purpose,  according  to  the  following 
general  rules. 

Of  the  thirty-two  or  more  animal  substances,  only  a  few  are  in 
common  use.  Plants  used  as  homoeopathic  medicines  are  much  more 
numerous.  Next  to  them  in  frequency  of  use  come  the  chemical 
preparations,  metals  and  minerals.  The  details  of  obtaining  and 
preparing  them  will  be  stated  under  the  head  of  each  in  Part  II. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  33 

Animal  Substances  should  be  obtained  from  perfect  and  healthy 
specimens,  and  prepared  in  their  pure  and  unadulterated  state, 
unmixed  with  any  other  substance.  They  should  be  protected 
against  light,  air  and  moisture,  if  they  are  to  be  preserved  before 
being  made  into  tinctures  or  triturations. 

Whole  Plants.  These  are  to  be  collected  in  the  flowering  season 
during  sunny  weather.  They  should  be  carefully  cleaned  by  shaking, 
gentle  rubbing  or  brushing,  without  the  contact  of  much  water ;  or, 
still  better,  only  clean  specimens  are  to  be  selected. 

Leaves  and  Herbs  (Folia,  Herbce)  are  to  be  collected  when  fully 
developed,  shortly  before  the  flowering  season. 

Flowers  (Flares}  are  most  advantageously  collected  when  just 
about  to  open,  and  in  dry  weather. 

Stems  (Stipites)  are  cut  after  the  development  of  the  leaves,  and 
treated  like  these. 

Barks  (Cortices)  of  resinous  trees  are  collected  at  or  about  the 
time  of  development  of  leaves  and  blossoms.  Non-resinous  barks 
are  collected  late  in  the  autumn  from  young,  vigorous  trees. 

Woods  (Lignd)  are  gathered  early  in  the  spring  before  the  sap 
rises,  also  from  vigorous  young  trees  and  tree-like  shrubs. 

Roots  (Radices).  Those  of  annuals,  as  they  die  after  the  ripening 
of  the  seeds,  are  dug  early  in  the  fall.  Those  of  biennials,  in  the 
spring.  Perennial  roots  are  collected  in  the  second  and  third  year, 
before  they  develop  woody  fiber.  They  should  be  cleansed  without 
the  use  of  much  water,  and  used  as  fresh  as  possible.  Roots  obtained 
in  the  market  should  be  carefully  examined  for  mouldiness,  dampness 
and  woody  appearance. 

Fruits,  Seeds  and  Berries  (Fructus,  Semina,  Baccce)  are  with  few 
exceptions  gathered  when  ripe.  If  succulent,  they  should  be  used 
for  tinctures,  etc.,  at  once,  while  fresh  and  perfect.  Only  dried  seeds 
and  fruits  may  be  kept  in  well-closed  vessels. 


34  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

General  Treatment  of  Fresh  Succulent  and  Dried  Drugs. 

Freshly  gathered  whole  plants,  flowers,  and  such  roots  as  are  to  be 
used  in  their  fresh  state,  should  be  made  into  tinctures  (or  tritura- 
tions)  as  soon  as  possible.  If  this  can  not  be  done  at  once,  such 
substances  should  not  be  allowed  to  dry.  This  is  best  prevented  by 
keeping  them  in  a  refrigerator  or  other  place,  the  temperature  of 
which  is  not  far  above  the  freezing  point  (32°  F.).  They  should  not 
be  immersed  in  water,  but  merely  sprinkled,  in  order  not  to  extract 
or  dilute  the  natural  juice,  the  proportion  of  which  is  to  be  ascer- 
tained and  considered  as  a  part  of  the  menstruum  in  making  a 
standard  tincture. 

The  treatment  of  dried  substances  is  different.  Odorous  sub- 
stances are  to  be  kept  perfectly  isolated,  in  tightly  closed  boxes  or 
vessels  adapted  to  this  purpose,  in  order  that  the  peculiar  odor  of 
such  drugs  may  not  be  imparted  to  others.  This  is  too  often  the 
case  in  the  premises  of  the  general  apothecary,  where  all  wares  are 
impregnated  with  the  mingled  odors  and  dust  of  various  drugs  and 
perfumes.  Such  a  condition  of  things  is  absolutely  to  be  prevented 
in  an  homoeopathic  pharmacy.  The  precautions  made  use  of  should 
include  those  against  light,  heat  and  moisture.  . 

Preparations  from  Drugs. 

General  Principles.  Starting  with  crude  drugs,  the  next  step 
is  to  qualify  them  for  medicinal  use.  This  involves  two  forms  or 
conditions  into  which  drugs  are  to  be  brought,  the  fluid  and  the  dry 
form,  to  be  governed  by  the  following  directions  and  principles. 

All  substances  soluble  in  the  previously  described  menstrua  or 
vehicles,  are  properly  to  be  made  into  solutions  or  tinctures  and  their 
dilutions,  but  such  moist  and  soluble  substances  may  also  be  made 
into  triturations  with  milk-sugar.  But  all  insoluble  or  only  partially 
soluble  substances  should  be  made  into  triturations  only. 

Aqueous  Solutions  are  made  of  substances  which  are  soluble  in 
water  but  not  in  alcohol,  or  of  those  which,  when  soluble  in 
alcohol,  are  subject  to  chemical  change  or  decomposition. 

These  are  to  be  dissolved  in  the  proportion  of  -j^,  ^fa,  or  -n^, 
depending  upon  the  degree  of  solubility  of  the  substance.  Aqueous 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  35 

solutions  are,  as  a  rule,  unstable  and  will  keep  but  a  short  time. 
They  should  be  clear  and  free  from  sediment,  which  if  present  may 
consist  of  crystals,  confervae  or  colonies  of  microbes.  Any  cloudi- 
ness should  cause  them  to  be  condemned. 

Solutions  of  Fluids  in  Alcohol.  These  are  equivalent  to  tinctures, 
and  are  made  of  substances  which  either  yield  wholly  or  in  part 
their  medicinal  properties  to  alcohol.  This  applies  to  liquids  like 
turpentine,  oils,  etc.  These  are  to  be  made  on  the  decimal  scale,  that 
is,  in  the  proportion  of  i  part  by  weight  of  medicinal  substance  to  be 
added  to  10  parts  by  volume  of  alcohol,  and  hence  equal  to  the  first 
decimal  dilution,  to  be  marked  ix.  If  not  soluble  in  the  proportion 
of  i  to  10,  they  should  be  made  by  adding  I  part  by  weight  of  drug  to 
100  parts  by  volume  of  alcohol,  and  the  product  marked  2x.  Such 
solutions  are  also  to  be  made  of  alcohol  of  known  strength,  in  order 
that  the  same  may  be  employed  in  making  the  succeeding  dilution, 
and  also  that  it  may  dissolve  all  that  is  soluble,  and  prevent  decom- 
position. (See  "Dilutions.") 

If  liquid  acids  or  drugs  contain  water,  this  should 'also  be  deducted 
from  that  contained  in  the  solvent,  and  the  anhydrous  acid  or  drug 
taken  as  the  unit  of  strength. 

Tinctures  or  Alcoholic  Solutions  of  Solids  or  Semi-Solids. 

These  are  made  from  a  variety  of  substances  which  are  wholly  or 
partially  soluble  in  alcohol.  Such  substances  comprise  all  plants  and 
parts  of  plants,  such  as  barks,  roots,  woods,  fruits  and  seeds,  resins, 
gums  and  balsams.  The  list  should  also  include  minerals  and  chemi- 
cals which  dissolve  more  readily  in  alcohol  than  in  water. 

Substances  such  as  phosphorus,  and  also  volatile  salts,  are  better 
prepared  as  solutions  (tinctures)  than  as  triturations,  in  the  making 
of  which  they  are  volatilized  and  destroyed.  Such  substances  are  to 
be  often  freshly  prepared. 

As  most  tinctures  are  made  from  plants  or  their  parts,  their  treat- 
ment deserves  special  mention.  It  is  very  important  that  tinctures 
should  be  of  uniform  strength,  instead  of  varying  greatly  on  account 
of  the  variability  of  water  contained  in  the  same  plant  at  different 
seasons  and  conditions  of  growth  and  protection.  The  variability  of 


36  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

water  in  the  solvents,  especially  in  alcohol,  has  also  added  to  the 
variability  of  tinctures  and  of  the  dilutions  made  from  them,  causing 
great  uncertainty  in  practice.  Hence,  the  following  rules  were  first 
devised  in  the  "British  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia"  and  retained 
by  us  in  this  work. 

Fresh  succulent  plants  and  other  substances  containing  water 
should  be  treated  according  to  the  fundamental  rule,  that  the  dry 
crude  drug  is  taken  as  the  starting-point  from  whence  to  calculate  the 
strength  of  the  tincture.  Hence,  the  pharmacist  is  to  proceed  by  first 
taking  a  suitable  quantity  of  fresh  plant  or  other  substance  contain- 
ing water.  He  is  to  weigh  the  same,  and  then  to  dry  it  by  gentle 
heat  of  the  water-bath  until  the  scales  indicate  no  further  loss  of 
weight.  Thereupon  the  difference  of  weight  between  the  fresh  and 
dried  plant  substance  will  clearly  indicate  the  weight  of  water  evapo- 
rated, for  which  allowance  must  be  made  in  the  preparation  of 
the  menstrua.  The  dry  crude  material  after  evaporation  is  taken  as 
the  unit  of  strength,  the  tincture  being  made  to  represent  I  part  of 
this  dry  crude  material  in  each  10  parts  of  completed  solution.  It  is, 
however,  to  be  understood  that  the  fresh  green  plant  is  to  be  used  in 
the  preparation  of  the  tincture. 

Having  determined  how  much  of  dry  substance  is  contained  in  a 
given  quantity  of  the  fresh  moist  material  (say,  10  Gm.),  this  is  to  be 
compared  with  the  special  tincture  formula  for  this  drug  (Part  II.). 
If  its  weight  is  below  that  given  as  the  standard  in  the  formula,  add 
enough  distilled  water  to  the  moist  magma  to  equal  the  standard 
weight.  If,  on  the  contrary,  the  weight  of  the  moist  drug-substance 
exceeds  the  standard  of  the  formula,  deduct  enough  from  that  intended 
for  the  dilution  of  the  solvent  alcohol  to  reduce  it  to  the  standard 
weight.  Or,  when  for  practical  reasons  this  cannot  be  done,  resort 
to  the  slower  method  of  evaporating,  by  cautious  drying  in  moderate 
temperature,  enough  of  the  drug-moisture  to  reduce  it  to  the  standard 
of  the  formula.  In  this  process,  both  in  the  case  of  deficiency  and 
of  excess  of  water  in  the  drug,  it  is  to  be  remembered  that  the 
tincture  finally  consists  of  alcohol  and  its  proportion  of  water,  plus 
that  of  the  drug-substance  dissolved.  The  preparation  of  tinctures 
is  then  continued  according  to  one  of  the  following  processes  of 
maceration  or  percolation  :  — 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  37 

Maceration.  This  process  is  preferable  in  the  treatment  of  large 
quantities  of  drug-material  needing  ample  time  for  the  extraction  of 
medicinal  properties.  Such  would  be  the  case  with  gummy  and 
mucilaginous  substances,  or  those  having  much  viscid  juice  which 
would  prevent  the  alcohol  from  permeating  the  mass  as  rapidly  as  is 
the  case  in  the  process  of  percolation. 

If  the  drug-substance  can  be  finely  sliced  or  reduced  to  pulp  in  a 
glazed  mortar,  this  should  be  done ;  otherwise,  it  may  be  used  whole 
or  as  directed  under  its  special  head  in  Part  II. 

Having  ascertained  the  excess  or  deficiency  of  water,  strictly 
according  to  the  rule  given  in  the  preceding  paragraph,  place  the 
material  reduced  to  magma,  or  in  its  natural  state  if  unreducible,  into 
a  macerating  jar  or  wide-mouthed  bottle,  and  add  the  prescribed 
quantity  of  solvent,  making  it  cover  if  possible  the  whole  mass.  The 
jar  or  bottle  should  be  carefully  stoppered  or  sealed  to  prevent 
evaporation,  placed  in  a  dark  room  of  ordinary  temperature,  and 
shaken  every  day.  The  time  necessary  for  the  extraction  and  solu- 
tion of  the  medicinal  substance  is  variable,  and  it  is  safe  to  allow  the 
process  of  maceration  to  continue  from  two  to  four  weeks,  according 
to  the  nature  of  the  material.  Thereupon  decant  the  clear  liquid,  and 
press  out  the  residue  through  a  clean  linen  cloth  or  bag. 

If  the  drug-substance  is  viscid  or  mucilaginous,  and  not  readily 
acted  on  by  the  alcohol,  use  only  one  half  of  the  solvent  prepared  for 
the  purpose.  After  the  maceration,  press  out  the  residue,  triturate 
it  lightly  in  a  mortar,  add  twice  its  bulk  of  finely  powdered  green 
glass,  and  with  the  remaining  half  of  the  solvent  subject  the  whole 
to  the  process  of  percolation  rtext  to  be  described.  Then  add  the 
clear  percolated  and  filtered  liquid  to  that  previously  decanted,  and 
preserve  the  now  completed  tincture  in  a  well  corked  bottle  in  a  dark 
and  cool  place.  The  mixing  of  strong  alcohol  and  water  is  accom- 
panied by  a  contraction  of,  and  consequent  loss  in  volume.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  liquefaction  of  solids  is  likely  to  cause  an  increase  in 
volume.  Both  instances  are  to  be  compensated  for  according  to  the 
formulae  referring  to  each  drug  in  Part  II. 

Percolation.  Dry  substances  are  to  be  reduced  to  a  moderately 
fine  powder  in  a  mortar,  and  moist  substances  are  to  be  reduced  to 
pulp,  either  by  means  of  a  mortar  or,  if  large  quantities  are  used,  in 


38  THE   PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

a  mincing  machine  of  tin  without  lead  seams  or  solder,  and  capable 
of  being  cleaned  thoroughly. 

The  rule  for  the  determination  of  water  as  above  described  must 
be  carefully  observed  in  the  preparation. 

The  medicinal  substance  should  be  carefully  weighed  and  a  quan- 
tity of  the  solvent  (menstruum)  prepared  equalling  about  ten  per  cent 
in  excess  of  the  amount  required  by  the  formula  as  given  in  Part  II.; 
in  other  words,  there  is  required  about  ten  per  cent  more  of  the 
solvent  than  would  be  used  provided  the  tincture  was  prepared  by 
the  process  of  maceration,  as  the  finished  product  will  in  all  but  a  few 
instances,  yield  a  tincture  representing  exactly  ten  per  cent  of  the  dry 
crude  drug,  and  the  surplus  quantity  of  menstruum  is  required  to 
make  good  the  waste  in  retention  in  the  percolate.  If  the  process  is 
properly  conducted,  the  result  will  be  that  the  first  part  of  the  tincture 
passing  through  the  drug,  will  be  very  nearly,  if  not  fully,  saturated 
with  the  medicinal  substance,  and  the  last  portion  of  the  tincture, 
provided  the  menstruum  be  sufficient  in  quantity  to  exhaust  the  drug- 
substance,  will  be  very  nearly,  if  not  entirely  free  from  taste,  odor  or 
color  other  than  that  of  the  alcohol  contained  therein. 

If  the  percolator  should  not  be  provided  with  a  stop-cock,  insert  a 
cork  in  the  lower  orifice,  having  first  made  a  small,  longitudinal  groove 
in  such  a  way  that,  by  pressing  the  cork  into  the  neck  of  the  percolator 
with  more  or  less  force,  the  flow  of  the  fluid  may  be  regulated  or 
entirely  stopped.  Insert  a  plug  of  absorbent  cotton  into  the  neck 
above  the  stop-cock  or  cork,  cover  this  with  a  layer  of  coarsely 
powdered  glass,  then  this  with  a  layer  of  finely  powdered  glass  half 
an  inch  deep,  and  lastly  with  a  thin  layer  of  coarser  glass.  The  grades 
of  coarseness  can  be  obtained  by  coarser  and  finer  sieves.  Fine  white 
sand  may  be  used  instead  of  glass.  Spread  the  powdered  drug  or 
pulp  little  by  little  evenly  upon  the  layers  of  glass,  and  press  the  mass 
down  with  a  broad,  flat  cork  on  the  end  of  a  glass  rod,  more  firmly  if 
the  mass  is  coarse  than  if  it  is  fine,  and  particularly  if  the  menstruum 
be  strongly  alcoholic.  Next,  cover  the  surface  of  the  mass  with  a  disc 
of  filter  paper  or  a  thin  layer  of  finely  powdered  glass  or  fine  white 
sand.  While  holding  down  the  mass  by  means  of  the  flat  cork,  pour 
the  solvent  upon  the  contents  of  the  jar  until  the  mass  is  covered, 
allowing  the  fluid  to  run  gently  down  the  glass  rod  so  that  the  glass 
or  sand  may  not  be  displaced.  Then  cover  the  percolator  to  exclude 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  39 

dust  and  prevent  evaporation.  Close  the  valve  or  stop-cock  as  soon 
as  the  fluid  begins  to  drop,  and  allow  it  to  stand  twenty-four  hours  or 
longer,  according  to  the  nature  of  the  contents.  Next  allow  the  fluid 
to  pass  through  the  percolator  into  the  receiver,  drop  by  drop,  regu- 
lating it  by  means  of  the  stop-cock  or  cork  so  as  not  to  allow  the  flow 
to  exceed  10  to  30  drops  in  a  minute.  The  menstruum  should  be 
cautiously  and  frequently  added  so  as  to  maintain  a  surface  above  the 
powder,  thereby  preventing  access  of  air.  Proceed  in  this  manner 
until  the  requisite  quantity  has  passed  into  the  receiver.  The  strong 
tincture  resulting  from  either  the  process  of  maceration  or  percolation 
is  then  to  be  filtered  through  white  filter  paper,  or  absorbent  cotton, 
directly  into  glass  bottles,  the  same  to  be  tightly  stoppered,  and 
preserved  in  a  dark,  cool  place,  each  to  be  marked  with  the  sign  </>  ^, 
indicating  the  strongest  liquid  preparation  made  directly  from  the 
medicinal  substance,  and  also  showing  the  proportion  of  drug  sub- 
stance which  the  tincture  represents,  which  proportion,  under  our 
rules  is  common  to  very  nearly  all  of  our  tinctures.  Any  change  of 
taste  or  odor  indicates  a  deterioration,  and  as  a  rule  they  should 
remain  clear  and  free  from  sediment.  Changes  of  temperature  will 
in  some  cases,  however,  cause  precipitation,  which  should  be  removed 
by  filtration. 

Dilutions  or  Liquid  Attenuations. 

The  homoeopathic  axiom  calls  for  the  utmost  simplicity  in  prescrib- 
ing and  preparing  drugs  ;  hence,  only  one  medicine  is  used  at  a  time, 
that  is,  it  is  never  mixed  with  another  medicine.  It  was  also  early 
discovered  that  a  very  small  quantity  of  medicine  would  produce 
effects,  provided  it  was  well  diluted  with  menstruum  or  solvent,  by 
means  of  which  expansion  the  immense  increase  in  points  of  contact 
more  than  compensates  for  the  minuteness  of  the  quantity. 

The  process  of  dilution  by  means  of  a  progressive  scale  of  i  part 
of  tincture  to  100  parts  of  vehicle,  known  as  the  centesimal  scale,  was 
recommended  by  Hahnemann  and  adopted  by  him  as  the  standard. 
Under  this  rule,  each  attenuation  contained  just  y^  part  as  much 
of  the  drug-substance  as  the  preceding  attenuation.  In  order  to 
secure  intermediate  grades  of  strength,  there  has  since  been  intro- 
duced the  method  of  diluting  in  the  proportion  of  I  in  10,  in  place  of 


4O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

I  in  IOO,  thus  constituting  the  decimal  scale.  The  great  advantage 
offered  in  the  use  of  this  scale  has  led  to  its  almost  universal  accept- 
ance and  adoption  for  the  preparation  of  dilutions  and  triturations, 
although  many  still  adhere  to  the  use  of  the  centesimal  scale  in  the 
marking  of  the  strength.  This  adherence  to  a  dual  system  has  led 
to  great  confusion,  and  we  have  yet  to  learn  of  any  satisfactory 
reason  why  it  should  be  continued.  We  have  therefore  adopted  the 
decimal  system  as  the  standard  scale  of  attenuation  and  notation, 
under  which  each  successive  dilution  or  trituration  contains  just 
•j^  as  much  of  the  drug-substance  as  the  preceding  dilution  or 
trituration. 

Attenuation  or  Expansion  is  accomplished  in  the  process  of  dilution 
as  well  as  in  that  of  trituration  with  milk-sugar,  by  the  interposition 
of  the  vehicle  between  either  the  molecules  of  the  fluid,  or  the 
particles  of  the  solid  drug  to  be  attenuated.  This  interposition  is 
molecular  in  the  case  of  soluble  substances.  In  dry  triturations 
there  occurs  only  the  interposition  of  milk-sugar  between  the  minutest 
particles  attainable  by  trituration  of  hard,  insoluble  substances.  In 
triturations  of  moist  and  soluble  substances  a  molecular  saturation  of 
milk-sugar  must  be  assumed  to  occur. 

In  the  decimal  scale  the  original  quantity  of  medicine  is  divided 
progressively  by  ten,  so  that  the  first  decimal  (ix)  contains  y1^,  the 
second  decimal  (2x)  T^,  the  third  decimal  (3x)  -j^nnr  °f  the 
original  substance  suspended  in,  and  attenuated  or  expanded  by  the 
diluent,  alcohol  or  other  menstruum.  As  solutions  and  tinctures 
according  to  our  rules  are  to  contain  one  part  of  drug-substance 
in  ten  parts  by  volume  of  diluent,  each  tincture  (with  some  exceptions 
to  be  stated)  is  equal  or  equivalent  in  medicinal  strength  to  the  first 
decimal  dilution  (-fa  or  ix).* 

Where  certain  drugs  are  insoluble  in  the  proportion  of  I  to  10  and 
require  more  solvent,  like  arsenicum  album,  phosphorus,  sulfur,  etc., 

*  It  is  to  be  remarked  and  carefully  considered  that  the  principle  involved  does  not  relate  to  the 
scale  but  to  attenuation  by  dilution  (fluid  or  dry)  in  the  widest  sense.  And  as  physicians  experi- 
menting in  this  line,  are  beginning  to  perceive  that  the  decimal  scale  affords  less  opportunity  for 
the  loss  of  curative  power  than  the  centesimal,  they  may  quite  probably  in  the  future  adopt  some 
other  scale,  such  as  that  of  i :  i,  as  offering  greater  advantages  in  regard  to  a.  thorough  division  and 
distribution  of  drug  matter  without  lessening  in  any  way  the  "  carrying  up  "  of  dilutions  to  any  desired 
points. 

See  Transactions  of  American  Institute  of  Homceopathy,  1892,  p.  113,  "  The  Scale  Employed  in 
Making  Dilutions  and  Triturations." 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  4! 

their  original  solutions  or  tinctures  should  be  prepared  in  the  propor- 
tion of  i  to  zoo,  or  i  to  looo,  dependent  on  the  degree  of  solubility, 
and  the  resulting  solutions  or  tinctures  are  to  be  regarded  as  the  2d 
decimal  (2x)  or  3d  decimal  ($x)  respectively,  as  will  be  found  in  detail 
under  the  proper  head  in  Part  II. 

Divisibility  of  Soluble  Medicinal  Substances.  Before  stating  the 
method  of  making  dilutions,  the  pharmacist  should  be  reminded  that 
up  to  a  comparatively  recent  period  of  the  present  century,  matter 
was  considered  infinitely  divisible,  and  hence  there  was  no  objection  to 
the  infinite  dilution  or  attenuation  of  medicines.  But  since  more 
recently  the  older  monadic  atomic  theory  has  been  developed  into 
molecular  science,  now  forming  the  basis  of  physics,  chemistry  and 
other  branches  of  science,  the  infinite  divisibility  of  matter  is  no 
longer  upheld,  and  the  limits  of  divisibility,  for  our  purpose  at  least, 
are  more  than  approximately  placed  in  the  neighborhood  and  some- 
what below  the  I2th  centesimal  or  24th  decimal  degree  of  attenuation 
of  soluble  substances.  While  we  are  bound  to  ignore  nothing  which 
modern  science  has  revealed,  and  while  we  are  desirous  of  keeping 
abreast  of  it,  it  is  not  incumbent  upon  us  as  pharmacists  to  limit  by 
any  arbitrary  rule  the  degree  of  dilution  or  trituration  which  might  be 
desired.* 

To  make  Dilutions  or  Attenuations  of  Soluble  Substances,  proceed  as 
follows  : — 

Take  a  new,  well-cleaned  vial, —  a  tube  vial  of  a  capacity  of  two 
drachms  or  more  is  to  be  preferred ;  measure  into  it  one  cubic  centi- 
meter of  the  tincture  to  be  diluted,  and  with  a  file  mark  on  the  vial  the 
height  of  the  liquid.  Then  add  nine  cubic  centimeters  of  the  alcohol, 
and  likewise  mark  the  height  of  the  whole  on  the  vial ;  cork  it  well 
with  a  well-washed,  flawless  cork,  and  shake  it  thoroughly  until  the 
contents  are  well  mixed  and  blended.  Pour  this  dilution  into  another 
clean,  well-corked  vial  and  mark  it  with  the  name  of  the  medicine, 
followed  by  the  sign  2x,  indicating  the  second  decimal  dilution, — the 
tincture  from  which  it  is  made,  according  to  the  preceding  specifica- 
tions being  equal  to  the  first  decimal  dilution  or  solution. 

*For  further  information  see  Transactions  of  the  American  Institute  of  Homeopathy,  1878,  p.  135, 
ft  seq.;  p.  169,  et  seq.  bottom  numbers ;  1889,  p.  176,  et  seq.;  1886,  p.  147,  et  seq.\  1887,  p.  47,  et 
seq.  Neu'  England  Medical  Gazette,  March,  1887,  May,  June  and  July,  1880.  Medical  Current, 
November,  1890. 


42  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

The  first  vial  bearing  the  marks  is  now  to  be  used  as  the  measuring- 
vial  for  subsequent  dilutions  or  attenuations.  These  are  to  be  made  in 
the  same  manner,  by  pouring  one  cubic  centimeter  of  the  preceding 
dilution  into  the  measuring-vial  up  to  the  lowest  mark,  and  then  adding 
9  cubic  centimeters  of  alcohol  to  the  highest  mark,  shaking,  turning 
into  another  vial,  labelling  and  marking  it  3x,  and  so  on  as  far  as 
desired.  Using  the  same  measuring-vial  will  insure  exactitude  and 
save  trouble  of  dropping  or  re-measuring.  Dispensing  alcohol  is  used 
from  the  3x  upwards,  unless  otherwise  directed  in  Part  II. 

The  result  of  the  whole  process,  including  that  of  the  making  of  the 
tincture,  is  easily  understood  by  referring  to  the  following  synopsis  :  — 

Belladonna  <j>  -fa      .    .    .    .    i  volume. 

Distilled  Water 4        " 

Dispensing  Alcohol 5        " 

Are  equal  to 10  volumes. 

Belladonna  T^  or  2x.* 

If  tinctures  are  not  made  in  accordance  with  our  formula  of  i-io, 
if  their  medicinal  strength  is  known,  the  volume  of  diluent  required 
will  have  to  be  calculated  accordingly.  If  the  tincture  is  made  in  pro- 
portion of  i-ioo,  add  9  volumes  of  solvent  to  I  of  the  tincture,  and 
mark  the  dilution  3x.  If  the  tincture  is  in  proportion  of  i-iooo,  the 
first  dilution  made  as  above  is  to  be  marked  4x,  etc. 


*  Dilutions  made  according  to  the  centesimal  scale  as  originally  introduced  by  Hahnemann,  and  as 
followed  in  most  pharmacopeias,  differ  from  those  made  on  the  decimal  scale  in  being  prepared  in 
proportion  of  i  part  to  99  parts  of  diluent.  In  all  other  respects  the  process  is  exactly  as  above  de- 
scribed ;  it  is  progressive  dilution  by  100  instead  of  by  10.  Hence,  if  it  is  desirable  to  make  dilutions 
on  the  centesimal  scale  it  is  only  necessary  to  label,  e.  g.,  Belladonna  2X  or  ic  (or  Too)  which  it 
represents.  One  drop  of  this  diluted  with  99  drops  of  alcohol  will  then  be  the  2C,  or  2d  centesimal 
dilution,  and  so  on  ad  libitum. 

The  following  table  will  illustrate  the  comparative  medicinal  strength  of  dilutions  made  according 
to  both  scales  :— 

Centesimal.  Decimal.  Drug  to  Alcohol. 

IX  -10 

1C  2X  -100 

3x  -looo 

2C  4X  -10,000 

jx  -100,000 

jc  ox  -i  ,000,000 

The  numbers  in  the  right-hand  column  indicating  the  degree  of  progressive  dilution  on  the  decimal 
and  centesimal  scales,  are  logarithms  of  -fa  and  joTf  respectively. 

In  illustration  of  what  has  been  said  concerning  the  loss  of  intermediate  dilution  and  the  possible 
loss  of  curative  opportunities  or  "chances,"  it  will  be  observed  that  the  several  decimal  numbers  i,  3, 
5  of  the  middle  column  are  absent  in  the  centesimal  scale,  having  been  skipped  by  too  rapid  progres- 
sion, which  is  not  the  case  in  the  decimal  scale. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  43 

Triturations. 

These  consist  of  any  medicinal  substance  ground  as  finely  as  possi- 
ble with  milk-sugar,  which  by  virtue  of  its  hard  and  gritty  nature  is 
admirably  adapted  to  the  fine  sub-division  of  the  drug-matter  ground 
with  it.  Triturations  are  analagous  to  dilutions  on  account  of  the  inter- 
position of  another  neutral  substance  between  the  dry  particles  whose 
combined  surface  is  greatly  increased  by  their  reduction  to  extreme 
fineness ;  this,  however,  is  not  to  be  confounded  with  molecular  fineness, 
which  cannot  be  reached  by  mortar  grinding.  This  sub-division  enables 
a  minute  fraction  of  a  grain  to  exert  more  toxic  and  curative  influence 
respectively  than  a  larger  uncomminuted  portion  could  do. 

Therefore,  triturations  of  substances  insoluble  in  water  or  alcohol, 
should  not  be  used  for  dilutions.  But  as  triturations  may  be  made 
of  soluble  substances  derived  from  vegetable,  animal  and  chemical 
products,  these  may,  if  desired,  be  used  for  dilutions,  though  it  is 
preferable  to  adhere  to  the  rule  before  given,  to  make  solutions  of 
soluble  substances,  and  to  reserve  insoluble  substances  for  tritu- 
rations.* 

To  make  Triturations.  The  method  of  Hahnemann  is  still  adhered 
to  with  the  exception  of  using  I  part  of  the  drug  to  9  parts  t  instead 
of  99  parts  of  milk-sugar.  And  instead  of  adhering  to  the  one-hour 
rule,  the  time  to  be  allotted  to  triturations  is  determined  by  the 
nature  of  the  substance  triturated  and  by  the  fineness  to  which  it  is 
possible  to  reduce  it.  If  an  insoluble  substance,  this  can  best  be 
determined  by  the  microscopic  test,  as  will  be  shown,  t 

•The  limit  of  divisibility  has  been  made  the  subject  of  careful  research,  which  disclosed  the  fact 
that  this  limit,  far  from  being  indefinite  or  infinite,  had  distinctly  discernable  limits  which  it  was 
impossible  to  transcend.  By  the  mechanical  method  as  used  by  us,  all  hard,  practically  insoluble 
substances  are  reduced  in  part  to  a  degree  of  fineness  in  which  each  minutest  particle,  measuring 
WoTT  to  T~oVo  of  a  millimeter  cannot  be  reduced  any  further  by  any  method  so  far  devised.  Another 
considerable  part  of  the  substance,  e.  £-.,  charcoal,  leaf  gold  or  copper,  does  not  reach  this  degree  of 
fineness,  and  is  present  in  large  fragments  in  the  most  carefully  made  triturations. 

The  minutest  particles  attainable  by  mortar  trituration  are  equal  in  size  to  those  obtained  by 
precipitation,  and,  like  these,  they  are  not  further  reducible  by  trituration.  (See  Transactions 
American  Institute,  loc.  cit.) 

These  remarks  have  reference  to  the  long  established  customs  of  attempting  to  make  dilutions  from 
the  3d  centesimal  or  6th  decimal  trituration,  as  this  does  not  produce  perfect  solubility  of  ordinarily 
insoluble  substances,  in  the  sense  hitherto  erroneously  accepted. 

t  As  proposed  by  Dr.  E.  Stapf,  at  Dr.  Constantine  Hering's  suggestion.  "  Archiv."   Vol.  XVII.,  i. 

t  Hahnemann's  original  method  was  as  follows :  Take  100  grains  of  fine  milk-sugar  and  divide 
it  into  three  equal  parts.  Then  add  one  grain  of  the  drug  to  one  of  the  three  parts  of  milk-sugar  in  a 


44  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Mortar  and  pestle  should  be  as  clean  as  it  is  possible  to  make  them 
by  steam  or  by  washing  them  with  water  and  rinsing  with  alcohol, 
and  then  drying  by  moderate  heat,  avoiding  exposure  to  dust.* 

In  making  triturations  by  hand,  physicians  will  do  well  to  make 
them  in  limited  quantities.  But  as  these  triturations  are  now  made 
in  large  quantities  to  supply  the  extensive  demand,  apparatus  and 
machinery  of  considerable  power  are  required. 

Separate  mortars  are  to  be  provided,  especially  for  non-volatile  or 
insoluble  substances  like  copper,  lead  and  other  metals,  charcoal, 
lime,  sulfur,  etc.  The  mortar  should  not  be  made  to  grind  more 
than  one-tenth  of  what  it  will  contain,  otherwise  the  trituration  will 
be  imperfect. 

First  Trituration.  The  above  details  being  arranged,  add  I  part 
by  weight  of  the  drug  to  9  parts  by  weight  of  finely  powdered  milk- 
sugar  and  triturate  until  the  largest  drug  particles  do  not  exceed  Ti¥ 
of  an  inch  in  diameter.  This  rule  is  inapplicable  to  moist  and  soluble 
substances,  and  relates  chiefly  to  those  which  are  hard  and  practically 
insoluble,  such  as  metals  and  minerals.  It  will  be  found  difficult  to 
reach  the  desired  comminution  under  a  time  limit,  and  therefore  the 
old  one-hour  rule  is  not  to  be  depended  on,  some  substances  being 

mortar,  mix  well  with  a  spatula,  and  then  grind  for  six  minutes  with  a  moderate  degree  of  force. 
The  trituration  is  then  to  be  scraped  together  during  four  minutes.  Another  third  of  milk-sugar  is 
then  added  and  treated  exactly  like  the  first  third ;  and  finally  the  last  third  is  added  and  proceeded 
with  in  the  same  manner.  This  results  in  the  YOU"  or  ic  trituration.  The  second  centesimal,  Y<fo  oTf 
or  2C,  is  made  by  taking  one  grain  of  the  first,  and  by  proceeding  with  it  in  the  manner  described  above. 
The  third  centesimal,  nrcToUo" o  or  3c,  is  made  in  the  same  manner. 

*  The  subject  of  cleanliness,  and  especially  that  of  mortars,  has  been  made  the  subject  of  study  and 
of  discussion,  particularly  in  reference  to  the  peculiar  fact  that  if  a  new  pestle  is  rubbed  rather 
forcibly  against  a  new  and  "  clean  "  porcelain  or  wedgewood  mortar,  there  appears  a  greyish-black 
streak  apparently  produced  by  the  contact  of  the  mortar-substance  with  the  pestle,  or,  as  suggested 
by  Mr.  Mitchell,  from  the  admixture  of  carbon  produced  by  the  combustion  of  oxidizable  matter  in 
consequence  of  occasional  percussion  of  the  flinty  surfaces. 

As  this  caused  a  marked  darkening  of  triturations,  it  was  once  supposed  to  be  due  to  the  progressive 
sub-division,  and  proof  of  great  fineness  of  the  medicinal  substance.  Evidence  that  this  was  not  the 
case,  and  other  information  concerning  the  subject,  will  be  found  in  the  following: — 

"  Effect  of  Trituration  on  Wedgewood  and  Porcelain  Mortars."  C.  Wesselhoeft,  M.  D.,  Transact. 
Am.  Inst.  Horn.  1883,  p.  339. 

"Development  of  Drug  Power  by  Trituration  and  Succussion."  Lewis  Sherman,  M.  D.,  ib.  1886, 
p.  147. 

"  Examination  of  Certain  Drug  Preparations."    C.  Wesselhoeft,  M.  D.,  ib.  1886,  p.  158. 

"  Report  of  Committee  on  Pharmacy:  "  paper  by  Lewis  Sherman,  M.  D.,  ib.  1887,  p.  47;  paper  by 
C.  Wesselhoeft,  M.  D.,  p.  52. 

"  On  the  Cause  and  Prevention  of  the  Darkening  of  Milk-Sugar  during  Trituration,"  by  Lewis 
Sherman,  M.  D.,  **.  1888,  p.  48. 

"  The  Pharmacy  of  Triturations,"  by  J.  Wilkinson  Clapp,  M.  D.,  ib.  1891,  p.  550. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  45 

reducible  in  less,  while  most  of  the  metals  require  much  more  time. 
When  this  stage  has  been  reached  (or,  if  the  grinding  has  been  pro- 
longed at  least  for  two  hours)  the  product  is  to  be  designated  as  the 
first  decimal  trituration,  T\y  (ix). 

Second  Trituration.  This  is  made  by  adding  i  part  by  weight  of 
the  ix  trituration  to  9  parts  by  weight  of  milk-sugar,  and  by  continuing 
the  process  of  trituration  until  the  largest  drug-particles  have  been 
reduced  to  not  more  than  Yrnnr  °f  an  mcn  m  diameter,  except  in  case 
of  drugs  with  which  experiment  has  demonstrated  the  impossibility  of 
attaining  this  degree  of  fineness. 

The  third,  fourth  and  subsequent  Triturations  are  to  be  made  in  the 
same  manner,  that  is,  by  grinding  i  part  by  weight  of  the  preceding 
triturations  with  9  parts  by  weight  of  milk-sugar,  until  the  largest 
particles  of  the  third  trituration  do  not  exceed  ^fao  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  with  some  few  exceptions  where  experiment  has  demonstrated 
the  impossibility  of  reaching  this  degree  of  fineness.  In  the  fourth 
and  subsequent  grades  the  process  of  grinding  should  be  continued 
until  each  100  grains  has  received  the  same  amount  of  trituration  as 
was  required  to  reduce  the  drug-particles  in  the  2x  of  the  same 
medicine  to  the  degree  of  fineness  demanded  by  the  tests  given  for  the 
2x  triturations. 

Tests  of  Triturations.  After  due  consideration,  the  committee 
adopted  the  following  tests  for  the  determination  of  the  quality,  espec- 
ially of  the  second  trituration,  though  the  tests  apply  to  all.  The 
microscope  is  the  best,  if  not  at  present  the  only  means  of  determining 
the  degree  of  comminution  during  trituration.  In  order  to  obtain  the 
best  observations,  dry  powder  should  not  be  used,  but  a  small  fragment, 
no  larger  than  a  mustard  seed,  should  be  dissolved  on  a  glass  slide  by 
adding  a  minute  drop  of  water  and  gently  warming  it  over  a  spirit 
lamp,  avoiding  ebullition.  It  may  then  be  examined  under  a  covering- 
glass,  or  allowed  to  dry  into  a  clear,  varnish-like  spot.  A  £-inch 
objective  will  easily  disclose  the  largest  particles;  but  a  higher  power, 
such  as  a  £  to  |,  is  required  to  see  and  measure  particles  as  minute 
as  YTrVn  mm-  After  a  little  practice,  a  much  lower  power  will  answer. 

This  is  not  to  be  regarded  as  a  severe  test  for  the  microscope,  which 
will  disclose  much  more  minute  objects. 

Other  important  tests  are  as  follows  : — 


46  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

The  powder  should  not  feel  gritty  when  rubbed  between  thumb  and 
finger. 

If  any  drug  particles  are  visible  to  the  unaided  eye  by  good  daylight, 
the  trituration  is  to  be  regarded  as  very  coarse  and  imperfect. 

If  three  grains  of  a  trituration  are  shaken  in  a  two-drachm  vial  filled 
with  water  until  the  milk-sugar  is  dissolved,  the  liquid,  after  standing 
an  hour,  should  not  become  clear  in  good  transmitted  light;  this 
would  demonstrate  that  the  medicinal  substance  is  so  finely  divided  as 
to  remain  suspended  in  the  liquid  a  long  time. 

In  getting  beyond  the  application  of  the  ordinary  physical  tests  of 
drug-examination,  the  pharmacist  must  rely  for  assurance  of  sufficient 
fineness  of  his  product,  upon  the  thoroughness  of  his  methods  and 
means.  It  is  well  known  that  the  drug,  the  neutral  material  and 
and  mortar  and  pestle  being  the  same,  the  fineness  of  the  product 
must  depend  upon  the  following  conditions : — 

1.  The  time  occupied  in  the  process  of  trituration. 

2.  The  extent  and  correspondence  in  the  curvature  of  the  grinding 
surface  of  the  pestle  or  pestles  to  the  interior  surface  of  the  mortars. 

3.  The  weight  or  pressure  of  the  pestles. 

4.  The  speed  of  pestles  or  mortar  for  a  given  time,  or,  in  other 
words,  the  distance  travelled  by  the  pestles. 

To  secure  the  necessary  conditions,  and  to  effect  the  object  in  view, 
various  time-saving  mechanical  devices  and  different  modes  of  applying 
power  have  been  proposed.  The  principles  of  mechanics  must  be 
recognized  as  applicable  here. 

Tincture  Triturations  are  prepared  directly  from  strong  tinctures, 
consequently  they  contain  the  soluble  constituents  only  of  the  drug, 
and  should  therefore  be  clearly  distinguished  from  triturations  made  to 
include  the  entire  drug-substance.  They  can  be  designated  by  adding 
a  minus  sign  above  the  figure  denoting  strength  ;  for  example,  73c^  indi- 
cating that  this  preparation  contains  less  of  drug  material. 

In  making  add  10  cubic  centimeters  of  strong  tincture  to  10  grammes 
of  milk-sugar,  mix  carefully  in  a  mortar  with  pestle  and  spatula, 
and  cover  with  pure  white  paper  until  the  moistened  powder  is  nearly 
dry ;  then  triturate  gently  until  quite  dry,  and  preserve  in  glass  or 
porcelain  jars  tightly  closed,  in  a  cool,  dry  place. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  47 

If  the  tincture  used  should  represent  a  drug  strength  of  y1^,  the 
resulting  tincture-trituration  should  be  marked  Tx  ;  if,  however,  the 
tincture  represents  but  y^,  it  should  be  marked  ^ 

Succeeding  triturations  may  then  be  made  by  adding  to  i  part  of 
this  tincture-trituration  9  parts  of  milk-sugar  and  thoroughly  mixing 
and  triturating  the  same  in  conformity  with  rules  given  for  the  prepar- 
ation of  other  triturations,  the  product  being  marked  ^  ^  etc., 
according  to  the  amount  of  drug-substance  it  may  represent. 

Forms  of  Vehicles  for  Prescription. 

These,  like  all  other  conditions  of  homoeopathic  pharmacy,  should  be 
governed  by  simplicity  and  usefulness  to  the  physician  and  patient. 
In  other  respects  the  forms  and  shapes  of  vehicles  are  of  no  impor- 
tance, and  may  be  varied  to  suit  taste  and  convenience  only.  For  this 
purpose  pharmacists  have  employed  certain  forms  made  of  cane-  and 
milk-sugar.  These  may  be  used  simply  as  medicated  powders  or  as 
pellets  (globules),  tablets,  cones,  etc.  These  are  made  of  a  sufficiently 
small  size  to  serve  as  a  convenient  vehicle  and  dose. 

Trituration  Tablets.  A  form  may  also  be  given  to  the  triturations 
themselves ;  and  as  these  tablets  are  always  of  a  known  weight,  they 
serve  the  purpose  of  measuring  the  dose  and  save  the  physician  trouble 
and  time.  These  forms  are  made  by  slightly  moistening  the  milk-sugar 
or  trituration  with  distilled  water  or  dilute  alcohol,  and  then  by  forming 
them  into  moulds.  They  are  then  carefully  dried  by  spreading  on 
clean  surfaces,  and  covering  them  with  paper.  The  moulds  used  should 
be  made  of  a  material  unaffected  mechanically  or  chemically  by  contact 
with  the  substance  to  be  moulded. 

Medications. 

Medicated  Powders  are  prepared  by  adding  to  each  10  grammes  of 
milk-sugar  i  cubic  centimeter  of  the  next  lower  than  the  desired  strength 
of  dilution,  mixing  the  same  in  a  mortar  with  spatula,  then  triturating 
with  a  pestle  until  fully  dry.  The  resulting  powder  will  represent  the 
degree  of  strength  next  above  the  dilution  used  in  its  preparation,  and 
should  be  so  marked. 


48  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Medicated  Globules,  also  called  pellets  or  pilules,  are  made  almost 
exclusively  of  pure  cane-sugar.  They  are  formed  into  small  globular 
masses  of  different  sizes,  designated  according  to  the  diameter  of  ten 
globules  measured  in  millimeters.  Globules  are  also  made  to  a  limited 
extent  of  milk-sugar,  and  these  will  absorb  alcoholic  dilution  contain- 
ing a  much  larger  percentage  of  %water  than  will  those  made  of  cane- 
sugar.  They  should  each  be  made  of  the  purest  materials,  should  be 
perfectly  white  and  odorless  and  able  to  withstand  all  the  tests  pre- 
scribed for  cane-  and  milk-sugar. 

Globules  are  medicated  by  placing  them  in  a  vial,  and  adding  the 
dilution  in  sufficient  quantity  and  allowing  them  to  stand  a  sufficient 
length  of  time  to  saturate  them ;  any  excess  of  liquid  is  then  to  be 
poured  off.  If  necessary  to  remove  the  surplus  fluid,  the  vial  may  be 
inverted  on  a  clean,  white  blotting-paper  until  the  globules  cease  to 
cling  together. 

In  medicating  cane-sugar  globules,  care  should  be  exercised  not  to 
use  a  dilution  having  an  alcoholic  strength  of  much  less  than  88  per 
cent,  or  that  of  dispensing  alcohol. 

Medicated  Cones,  also  called  disks,  are  made  of  cane-sugar  and 
rendered  more  absorbent  with  the  addition  of  a  small  quantity  of  egg 
albumen,  which  makes  them  very  light  and  porous.  They  are  formed 
into  hemispherical  masses,  and  are  designated  according  to  size  by  the 
diameter  of  base  in  millimeters.  The  common  size,  numbered  6,  should 
absorb  about  two  drops  of  dispensing  alcohol.  To  prevent  fermenta- 
tion, these  cones  should  be  kept  in  a  dry  atmosphere.  They  should  be 
medicated  by  adding  a  sufficient  quantity  of  the  dilution  to  saturate 
them,  and  then  by  pouring  off  the  excess  of  liquid. 

Prescriptions. 

The  writing  of  prescriptions  falls  exclusively  within  the  duties  of 
the  physician.  He  prefers  to  prepare  and  dispense  his  own  medi- 
cines, he  should  exercise  the  greatest  care  and  exactitude  in  giving 
his  instructions  to  the  pharmacist  who  is  to  be  governed  by  them. 
Not  the  slightest  doubt  should  exist  concerning  the  physician's 
directions. 

i.  The  name  of  the  medicine  is  to  be  plainly  written,  preferably  in 
Latin  or  in  one  of  the  names  given  in  the  special  part  (II.). 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  49 

2.  The  form  should  next  be  stated  as  indicated  in  the  examples 
given  below,  denning  carefully  by  the  signs  in  use  whether 'a  tincture, 
dilution,  or  trituration  is  desired.     This  is  done  by  adding  the  abbrevia- 
tion tinct.   or  <f>,  dil.,  trit.,  or,  in  case  of  either  of  the  latter,  to  the 
number    of   the  dilution  or  trituration  the  sign  x  or  c  (decimal  or 
centesimal  scale)  as  an  exponent ;  e.  g.,  3x,  6x,  3c,  etc. 

3.  If  the  medicated  moulded  form  is  desired,  this  is  also  to  be 
plainly  stated  in  words ;  e.  g.,  tablets,  pellets,  cones,  etc.     Such  medi- 
cated powder  or  moulded  preparation  is  best  expressed  in  plain  words, 
or,  if  preferred,  the  number  with  its  exponent  may  be  marked  with 
line  as  explained  under  Tincture  Triturations ;  e.  g.,  ^  indicating  a 
medicated  preparation  of  milk-sugar. 

4.  The  quantity  should  also  be  stated  explicitly  in  the  usual  signs 
of  metric  or  apothecaries'  weight,  or  in  words. 

5.  The  dose  and  its  frequency  of  repetition  is  plainly  to  be  written 
under  the  head  of  Signa  or  Directions. 

Abbreviations.  While  these  facilitate  the  writing  of  prescriptions 
they  do  not  add  to  their  intelligibility,  and  hence  should  only  be  used 
in  strict  obedience  to  rules  of  abbreviation. 

Legibility  is  absolutely  necessary  in  the  writing  of  prescriptions,  to 
avoid  errors  and  waste  of  time.  It  is  also  desirable  that  physicians  of 
different  countries  should  write  prescriptions  in  Latin,  with  which  all 
pharmacists  are  sufficiently  acquainted. 

Active  Poisons.  The  maximum  dose  of  very  active  drugs  has  been 
stated  in  Part  II.  under  each  substance,  requiring  special  caution  on 
the  part  of  physician  and  pharmacist. 


PART     II. 

SPECIAL  PHARMACEUTICS. 


ABIES  CANADENSIS.  Hemlock  Spruce. 

Natural  Order. —  Coniferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Pinus  canadensis ;  English,  Hemlock  spruce. 

Description. — An  evergreen  tree  attaining  a  height  of  from  70  to  80 
feet,  with  a  trunk  2  to  3  feet  in  diameter,  straight,  with  rough  bark ; 
branches  are  slender,  nearly  horizontal  and  brittle  ;  the  twigs  pubes- 
cent ;  the  leaves  are  flat,  i  to  2  inches  in  length,  green  shining  above, 
whitish  beneath  and  downy  when  young.  The  cones  are  small,  ovoid, 
terminal,  persistent ;  the  scales  are  round  and  entire. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  North  America,  hilly  woods,  Canada  to  North 
Carolina.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  264;  Millspaugh,  164. 

History. —  It  was  known  as  an  article  of  pharmacy  as  early  as  1759. 
It  is  the  source  of  Canada  pitch  or  balsam  (sometimes  erroneously 
called  Balm  of  Gilead),  also  of  an  oil  of  spruce  ;  the  inner  bark  is  used 
in  tanning.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  by  Dr.  H.  P. 
Gatchell,  Med.  Inv.  x.  54.  (1873.)  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  i.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  bark  and  buds. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Abies  canadensis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  792  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


52  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

ABIES  NIGRA.  Black  Spruce. 

Natural  Order. —  Coniferse. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Resina  Abietis  nigrae,  Pinus  nigra;  English, 
Black  or  double  spruce. 

Description. — An  evergreen  tree,  from  60  to  80  feet  high,  with  dark 
green  leaves  and  ovate  cones,  I  to  i£  inches  long,  with  thin  and  wavy 
edged  scales.  When  an  incision  is  made  in  the  tree  a  gum  oozes  freely, 
almost  white  or  colorless  as  it  exudes,  afterward  turning  of  a  pinkish 
and  finally  a  brown  color. 

Habitat —  Swamps  and  cold  mountain  woods,  New  England  States 
to  Wisconsin  and  northward,  southward  along  mountains. 

History. — From  the  twigs  a  decoction  is  made  and  used  in  the  pre- 
paration of  a  beverage  known  as  spruce  beer.  [Seaman,  O.  M.  &  S. 
Rep.  I.  65  (1867);  Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  2.] 

Part  Used. — The  resin. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ .-  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Abies  nigra  gum,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

ABSINTHIUM.  Common  Wormwood. 

Natural  Order. —  Composite. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Absinthium  vulgare,  A.  majus,  A.  rusticans, 
Artemesia  absinthium;  English,  Absinth,  Wormwood;  French, 
Absinthe,  Armoise  amere ;  German,  Wermuth. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  perennial,  herbaceous  plant,  3  to  4  feet 
high,  with  several  roundish,  furrowed  stems ;  lower  leaves  6  to  8  inches, 
upper  I  to  3  inches  long,  both  petiolate  and  sessile,  pinnatifid.  Yellow, 
hemispherical  flowers,  in  paniculated  racemes,  appear  in  July  and 
August. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  53 

Habitat. —  Originally  from  Greece,  indigenous  to  Northern  Africa, 
north  of  Asia,  the  greater  part  of  Europe,  naturalized  in  the  United 
States ;  found  mostly  in  mountainous  regions,  by  roadsides,  in  sunny 
places.  Fig.,  Jahr&  Cat.  153;  Bent,  and  Trim.  155;  Millspaugh,  88. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  materia  medica  by  Dr. 
Gatchell.  The  toxicological  symptoms  from  the  effects  of  an  extract 
prepared  from  various  species  of  Artemesia  are  described  in  Allen's 
Encyclopaedia,  I.  2. 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant,  gathered  when  in  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  y^. 

Absinthium,   moist   magma    containing    solids    100   Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  700  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ACALYPHA  INDICA.  Indian  Acalypha. 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiacese. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acalypha  canescans,  A.  ciliata,  A.  spicata; 
English,  Indian  Nettle;  Vernacular,  Cupameni,  Koopameni,  Shwet- 
busunta,  Moorkanda. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  2  feet  high;  stem  round,  smooth, 
branched ;  leaves  ovate,  acuminate,  serrate ;  green  flowers,  axillary 
spikes,  sterile  above,  fertile  below.  Flowers  July  to  September. 

Habitat. —  Common  in  gardens  in  India,  found  on  dung-hills;  said 
by  Dr.  Henry  Thomas  to  have  been  "first  discovered  in  Vera  Cruz, 
where  it  inhabits  marshy  places." 


54  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Greek,  signifying  nettle.  A 
common  remedy  in  India,  it  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  materia 
medica  by  Dr.  Tonnere  (1856),  Horn.  Month.  Rev.,  London,  I.  256. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  3.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincttire  <f> :  Drug  strength,  ^. 

Acalypha  indica,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

AODUM  ACETICUM.  Acetic  Acid 

Acid,  Acetic. 

Chemical  Symbol.— HC2H3O2 ;  59.86. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Acidum  aceticum  glaciale;  Aceti  acidum; 
English,  Glacial  acetic  acid;  French,  Acide  ac&ique;  German, 
Essigsaure. 

Description. — The  glacial,  or  full  strength  Acetic  Acid  is  a  clear, 
limpid  liquid,  having  a  strong  odor  of  vinegar  and  a  sharp,  acid  taste. 
It  crystalizes  below  17°  C.  in  flat,  colorless,  rhombic  crystals.  In  closed 
vessels  it  can  be  kept  in  the  liquid  state  at  a  temperature  of  12°  C.,  but 
agitation  or  the  addition  of  a  crystal  of  glacial  acid  causes  it  to  solidify. 
It  is  soluble  in  all  proportions  in  alcohol  or  water.  When  heated,  it  is 
vaporized,  leaving  no  residue ;  its  vapor  burns  with  a  blue  flame.  It 
decomposes  calcium  carbonate  only  in  the  presence  of  water.  It  com- 
bines with  metals  forming  acetates  which  are  all  soluble  in  water,  the 
least  soluble  being  argentic  and  mercuric  acetates.  Its  specific  gravity 
is  about  1.058  at  ordinary  temperature,  and  its  boiling  point  is  1 17.3°  C. 
It  is  prepared  by  the  distillation  of  dry  acetates  with  sulfuric  acid  or 
acid  potassium  sulfate. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  55 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <j> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Acid,  Acetic  (glacial),  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  900  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:   2x  and  higher,  with   distilled  water;  to  be  freshly 
made,  for  immediate  use  only. 

c.  Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

ACIDUM  BENZOICUM.  Benzole  Acid. 

Acid,  Benzoic. 

Chemical  Symbol. — HC7H5O2;  121.71. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acidum  benzoicum  sublimatum,  Flores  ben- 
zoes ;  English,  Flowers  of  Benzoin ;  French,  Acide  benzoique ;  German, 
Benzoesaure. 

Description. — White,  shining,  permanent,  crystalline  plates,  odorless 
when  pure,  but  generally  having  a  faint  aromatic  smell  and  a  somewhat 
acid  taste.  Soluole  in  500  parts  of  water  and  in  2  parts  of  alcohol  at 
15°  C.  Benzoic  acid,  by  the  action  of  heat,  melts  at  121.4°  C.  (250.5°  F.) 
Its  specific  gravity  is  1.29.  Its  solutions  are  of  acid  reaction.  Heated 
with  calcium  hydrate,  benzol  is  produced.  In  natural  solution  of  ferric 
chlorid  it  produces  a  flesh-colored  precipitate  of  ferric  benzoate.  By 
the  action  of  fuming  nitric  acid,  substitution  compounds  are  obtained. 
Deodorized  by  nascent  hydrogen,  benzoic  acid  gives  benzaldehyd, 
benzyl  alcohol  and  hydro-benzoic  acid.  It  is  generally  extracted  from 
gum  benzoin,  but  is  also  contained  in  Tolu  and  Peru  balsams  and 
several  other  resinous  exudations.  The  commercial  product  is  now 
made  synthetically  from  Toluol. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Acid,  Benzoic,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


56  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

ACIDUM  BORACICUM.  Boric  Acid. 

Acid,  Boracic. 

Chemical  Symbol.— H3  BO  3 ;  61.78. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acidum  boricum;  French,  Acide  borique; 
German,  Borsaure. 

Description. —  White,  transparent,  shining  scales  having  a  pearly 
lustre,  unctuous  to  the  touch,  inodorous  and  of  an  acid  and  astringent 
taste.  When  heated  it  melts,  disengaging  aqueous  vapors  which  carry 
with  them  some  of  the  acid.  Between  80°  C.  and  100°  C.  it  is  converted 
into  metaboracic  acid,  HBO2 ;  between  140°  C.  and  160°  C.  into  pyro- 
boracic  acid,  H2B4O7,  and  at  a  red  heat  it  loses  all  its  water  and  is 
converted  into  anhydrid,  B2O3.  It  is  soluble  in  25.6  parts  of  water; 
in  15  parts  of  alcohol  at  15°  C.  and  in  3  parts  of  boiling  water.  Its 
specific  gravity  is  1.43.  Its  aqueous  solution,  which  is  faintly  acid, 
colors  turmeric  paper  brown.  It  gives  a  green  coloration  to  the 
Bunsen  flame  or  alcohol  flame.  It  readily  forms  ethers  with  alcohol. 
Heated  with  glycerin,  a  soluble,  neutral  ether  is  formed,  called  boro- 
glycerid,  used  as  an  antiseptic.  It  is  found  in  volcanic1  territories  and 
in  some  mineral  waters.  It  is  also  prepared  by  the  decomposition  of 
native  borates  with  sulfuric  acid. 

PREPARATION. 

Trituration:  ix  and  higher. 

ACIDUM  CARBOLICUM.  Carbolic  Acid. 

Acid,  Carbolic. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C6H 5 OH;  93.78. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acidum  Phenicum,  Phenylicum  crystallisatum ; 
English,  Phenol,  Phenic  acid,  Phenic  alcohol,  Phenylic  acid,  Phenylic 
hydrate ;  French,  Acide  ph^nique ;  German,  Carbolsaure. 

Description. —  Colorless,  crystalline  needles  having  a  specific  odor 
and  an  acrid,  burning  taste.  Very  soluble  in  alcohol.  According  to 
the  U.  S.  P.,  carbolic  acid  is  soluble  at  15°  C.  in  about  15  parts  of  water, 
the  solubility  varying  according  to  the  degree  of  hydration  of  the  acid. 
According  to  Alfred  H.  Allen,  an  accepted  authority  [Commercial 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  57 

Organic  Analysis,  Vol.  II.,  page  537],  "Liquid  hydrous  carbolic  acid 
dissolves  in  about  ii.i  times  its  measure  of  cold  water.  This  corre- 
sponds to  a  solubility  of  I  part  by  weight  in  10.7  for  the  absolute  acid, 
the  saturated  solution  containing  8.56  per  cent  of  real  phenol."  It  is 
deliquescent,  and  liquefies  on  exposure  to  moist  air.  On  contact  with 
the  skin  or  with  mucous  surfaces  it  produces  white  patches.  It  coagu- 
lates albuminoids,  and  is  a  powerful  antiseptic.  It  fuses  at  37.5°  C.  and 
boils  at  181.5°  C. ;  its  specific  gravity  is  1.06.  Its  aqueous  solution  is 
neutral.  It  is  soluble  in  its  volume  of  glycerin,  and  is  not  separated 
from  this  solution  on  the  addition  of  water.  It  slowly  decomposes  a 
boiling  solution  of  potassium  carbonate,  forming  potassium  phenolate. 
Even  dilute  solutions  of  carbolic  acid  give  with  diluted  ferric  chlorid  a 
violet-blue  color.  Fused  with  potassium  hydrate,  it  yields  oxybenzoic 
and  salicylic  acids.  Concentrated  sulfuric  acid  converts  it  into  phenol 
sulfonic  acid ;  with  nitric  acid  several  products  of  substitution  are 
obtained,  among  them  picric  acid.  Carbolic  acid  is  obtained  from  coal 
tar.  A  poison  :  Maximum  dose  2  grains  highly  diluted  with  water. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J> :  -fa  in  strong  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

ACIDUM  CHROMICUM.  Chromic  Acid. 

Acid,  Chromic. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  CrO3 ;  99.88. 

Synonyms. — English,  Chromic  anhydrid,  Chromium  trioxid, 
Anhydrous  chromic  acid ;  French,  Acide  chromique ;  German,  Chrom- 
saure. 

Description. —  Red,  rhombic  prisms,  or  needle-shaped  crystals,  odor- 
less, deliquescent,  having  an  acid  and  metallic  taste.  Very  soluble  in 
water,  forming  an  acid,  orange-red  solution.  In  contact  with  strong 
alcohol,  glycerin,  ether,  phenol,  or  other  organic  solvents,  chromic 
acid  acts  so  violently  that  the  reaction  may  be  accompanied  by  a 
dangerous  explosion.  Dissolved  in  dilute  alcohol  it  is  gradually 
deodorized  and  the  alcohol  converted  into  aldehyd  and  acetic  acid. 


58  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

At  a  temperature  of  250°  C.  it  gives  off  oxygen,  leaving  a  residue  of 
dark-green  chromic  acid.  Its  salts  are  generally  of  a  yellow  or  yellow- 
red  color.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  with  lead  salts  a  yellow  precipi- 
tate of  lead  chromate ;  with  argentic  salts  a  red-brown  precipitate  of 
argentic  chromate.  These  chromates  are  insoluble  in  water,  but 
soluble  in  nitric  acid.  Chromic  acid  is  obtained  from  the  decomposi- 
tion of  chromates  with  sulfuric  acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <£.•  -fa  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water ;  to  be  freshly 
made,  for  immediate  use  only. 


AODUM  CITRICUM.  Citric  Acid. 

Acid,  Citric. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  H3C6H5O7-HH2O;  209.50. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acidum  Citri  s.  limonum ;  English,  Citric  acid ; 
French,  Acide  citrique ;  German,  Citronensaure. 

Description. —  Colorless,  translucent,  odorless,  rhombic  prisms, 
having  a  pleasant  acidulous  taste ;  efflorescent  in  dry  and  deliquescent 
in  moist  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  0.63  part  of  water,  and  in  1.61  parts 
of  alcohol.  At  a  temperature  of  75°  C.  its  water  of  crystallization  is 
expelled,  and  at  1.35°  C.  another  molecule  is  given  off,  leaving  aconitic 
acid.  On  further  heating,  it  is  broken  up  into  carbon  dioxid,  acetone, 
itaconic  and  citraconic  acids.  When  slowly  ignited  it  is  gradually 
decomposed  without  emitting  the  odor  of  burnt  sugar,  as  does  tartaric 
acid.  The  residue  is  very  small.  A  weak  aqueous  solution  is  decom- 
posed spontaneously  after  a  short  time.  Citric  acid  is  obtained  from 
lemon  juice. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <£ .-  -fa  in  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  59 

ACIDUM  FORMICUM.  Formic  Acid. 

Acid,  Formic. 

Chemical  Symbol.— HCHO2;  45.89. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Acidum  formicicum;  English,  Formic  acid; 
French,  Acide  formique ;  German,  Ameisensaiire. 

Description. —  A  colorless  liquid,  having  a  pungent  acid  odor  and  a 
burning  taste;  it  crystallizes  at  o°  C.  and  boils  at  100°  C. ;  soluble  in 
all  proportions  in  water,  alcohol  or  glycerin.  Its  specific  gravity  is 
1.23.  Applied  to  the  skin,  it  produces  a  burning  sensation,  and  even 
blisters.  The  vapor  is  inflammable  and  burns  with  a  blue  flame.  By 
the  action  of  heat,  it  is  entirely  vaporized.  It  is  decomposed  into 
water  and  carbon  monoxid  by  the  action  of  mineral  acids.  Oxidizing 
reagents  convert  it  into  water  and  carbon  dioxid,  while  potassium  and 
sodium  oxids  decompose  it,  with  formation  of  a  carbonate  and  libera- 
tion of  hydrogen.  When  heated  with  solutions  of  the  salts  of  mercury, 
silver  or  gold,  these  are  reduced  to  the  metallic  state.  It  is  contained 
in  the  acid  secretion  of  the  red  ants,  in  the  stinging  hair  of  caterpillars, 
in  various  animal  secretions  and  in  stinging  nettles,  and  is  obtained  by 
the  oxidation  of  sugar,  starch,  gum  and  organic  substances  in  general. 
The  best  mode  of  preparation  consists,  however,  in  heating  oxalic  acid 
with  glycerin. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f>;  ^  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ACIDUM  GALLICUM.  Gallic  Acid. 

Acid,  Gallic. 

Chemical  Symbol.— HC7H5O5+H2O ;  187.55. 

Synonyms. —  English,    Trioxybenzoic    acid,    Dioxysalicylic    acid; 
French,  Acide  gallique;  German,  Gallussaiire. 


6O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Description. —  Fine  white  or  pale  yellow,  shining  needles,  odorless, 
with  a  faintly  acid  and  astringent  taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  100  parts 
of  water  and  in  5  parts  of  alcohol ;  also  soluble  in  1 2  parts  of  glycerin. 
At  a  temperature  of  100°  C.  Gallic  acid  loses  its  water  of  crystallization 
and  at  about  240°  C.  it  melts,  yields  carbon  dioxid  and  a  sublimate  of 
pyrogallol,  without  residue.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  brown  color 
with  alkalies,  a  dark  blue  color  with  persalts  of  iron,  and  it  reduces  to 
the  metallic  states  salts  of  silver  and  of  gold.  It  does  not  precipitate 
gelatine.  It  is  obtained  from  nut-galls. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tinctrire  <f> :  y1^  in  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


AODUM  HYDROCYANICUM.  Hydrocyanic  Acid. 

Acid,  Hydrocyanic. 

Chemical  Symbol.— HCN;  26.98. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Acidum  hydrocyanatum ;  English,  Prussic 
acid,  Cyanhydric  acid;  French,  Acide  hydrocyanique ;  German, 
Cyanwasserstoffsaiire. 

Description.—  A  colorless  and  transparent  liquid,  having  a  specific 
and  marked  odor  resembling  bitter  almonds ;  in  taste,  at  first  cooling, 
then  irritating  and  burning.  It  mixes  readily  with  alcohol,  water  and 
ether  in  all  proportions ;  is  inflammable  and  volatile ;  boils  at  27°,  and 
congeals  at  1 5°  C.  It  is  a  rapid  and  powerful  poison,  rarely  admitting 
of  treatment  to  counteract  its  effects,  and  should,  therefore,  be  tasted, 
even  in  dilution,  with  the  utmost  caution.  The  strongest  solution 
obtainable  in  the  general  trade  is  aqueous,  and  contains  2  per  cent  of 
the  acid.  This  reddens  litmus  paper  transiently,  or  if  permanently, 
because  of  some  acid  impurity.  It  readily  decomposes,  and  should  be 
kept  in  small,  amber-colored,  cork-stoppered  vials,  in  a  dark,  cool  place. 
An  active  poison.  Maximum  dose  of  2  per  cent  solution,  zom. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  6l 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f> :  Drug  strength  -j-^. 

Acid,  Hydrocyanic,  in  2  per  cent  solution,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  500  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 
All  preparations  of  this  acid  should  be  freshly  made. 

ACIDUM  HYDROFLUORICUM.  Hydrofluoric  Acid. 

Acid,  Fluoric. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  HF1;  20. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acidum  fluoricum,  Acidum  fluorhydricum ; 
English,  Fluoric  acid,  Hydrogen  fluorid;  French,  Acide  fluorhy- 
drique;  German:  Fluorwasserstoff satire. 

Description. —  A  colorless,  very  mobile  liquid  emitting  fumes  in  the 
air,  having  a  pungent,  suffocating  odor  and  a  very  acid,  acrid  taste.  In 
contact  with  the  skin  or  the  mucous  surfaces,  it  produces  painful  burns, 
inflammation  and  sores,  which  take  long  to  heal.  It  solidifies  at 
—102.5°  C.  and  liquefies  again  at  — 92.3°  C.  Its  aqueous  solution  when 
saturated  contains  36  per  cent  of  pure  acid,  is  colorless  and  corrosive, 
gives  off  fumes  in  the  air,  and  must  be  kept  in  platinum,  lead,  gutta 
percha  or  paraffin  vessels.  It  dissolves  in  all  proportions  in  water  and 
is  entirely  volatilized  by  heat.  With  solutions  of  calcium  and  barium 
salts,  it  gives  white  precipitates.  It  does  not  precipitate  argentic 
salts,  as  the  fluorid  of  that  metal  is  soluble  in  water.  It  is  obtained  by 
heating  calcium  fluorid  and  sulfuric  acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  </> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Acid,  Fluoric,  sp.  gr.  1.15,  278  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water. 

All  preparations  of  this  acid  should  be  kept  in  bottles  made  of 
gutta  percha  or  in  glass  bottles,  the  interiors  of  which  are  coated  with 
paraffin  or  petrolatum. 


62  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

ACIDUM  LACTICU1VL  Lactic  Acid. 

Acid,  Lactic. 

Chemical  Symbol — HC3H5O3 ;  89.79. 

Synonyms. — English,    Isolactic,     Ethyledene-lactic,     or    Oxypro- 
pionic  acid ;  French,  Acid  lactique ;  German,  Milchsaiire. 

Description. —  A  colorless,  syrupy  liquid,  having  a  faint,  not  disa- 
greeable odor,  and  a  very  acid  taste.  The  specific  gravity  of  the  pure 
acid  is  1.213.  It  is  soluble  in  all  proportions  in  water  and  in  alcohol. 
At  a  temperature  of  145°  C.  it  is  converted  into  dilactic  acid,  and  at 
about  150°  C.  it  gives  lactid  anhydrid  in  volatile,  fusible,  rhombic 
plates ;  at  a  higher  temperature  it  gives  off  inflammable  vapors.  When 
slowly  ignited,  it  is  entirely  volatilized.  It  coagulates  milk  and 
albumen,  and  decomposes  carbonates  and  acetates.  By  the  action  of 
nitric  acid  it  yields  oxalic  acid,  and  with  chromic  acid,  formic  and 
acetic  acid  are  produced.  Its  aqueous  solutions  do  not  precipitate 
argentic  or  barium  salts.  It  exists  in  nature  widely  distributed  in  the 
vegetable  kingdom ;  it  is  a  product  of  fermentation,  and  is  obtained  by 
the  fermentation  of  casein. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^V- 

Acid,  Lactic,  sp.  gr.  1.213,  strength  75  per  cent,  133  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  with  dilute  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispens- 

ing alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ACIDUM  MURIATICUM.  Hydrochloric  Acid. 

Acid,  Muriatic. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  HC1 ;  36.37. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Acidum  hydrochloricum,  Acidum  hydrochlora- 
tum,  Acidum  chlorhydricum ;  English,  Hydrogen  chlorid,  Hydrochloric 
acid,  Chlorhydric  acid;  French,  Acide  chlorhydrique  s.  muriatique; 
German,  Chlorwasserstoffsaiire. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  63 

Description. —  In  the  gaseous  state,  it  is  colorless,  has  a  pungent, 
suffocating  odor,  a  very  acid  taste,  and  gives  off  abundant  fumes  in 
the  air.  It  is  condensed  to  a  colorless  liquid  at  a  low  temperature. 
It  is  freely  soluble  in  water,  and  the  saturated  solution  contains  43 
per  cent  of  gas.  This  aqueous  solution  is  a  colorless  liquid,  fuming 
in  air,  of  a  suffocating  odor  and  very  acid  taste.  It  is  soluble  in  water 
or  alcohol  in  all  proportions.  By  the  action  of  heat,  it  is  entirely 
vaporized  without  decomposition.  With  argentic  salts  it  gives  a  curdy, 
white  precipitate  of  argentic  chlorid,  soluble  in  ammonium  hydrate, 
insoluble  in  nitric  acid.  It  is  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of  sodium 
chlorid  with  sulfuric  acid.  Acidum  Hydrochloricum  of  the  U.  S.  P. 
contains  31.9  per  cent  by  weight  of  absolute  hydrochloric  acid  and  68.1 
per  cent  of  water;  specific  gravity  1.163  at  1S°  C. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Acid,  Muriatic,  sp.  gr.  1.163,  312  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water;  to  be  freshly 

made,  for  immediate  use  only. 
All  preparations  of  this  acid  should  be  kept  in  glass-stoppered  vials. 


ACIDUM  NITRICUM.  Nitric  Acid. 

Acid,  Nitric. 

Chemical  Symbol.— HNO3 ;  62.89. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acidum  nitri,  Spiritus  nitri  acidus,  Aqua 
fortis;  English,  Hydrogen  Nitrate;  French,  Acide  azotique  s.  nitrique; 
German,  Salpetersaiire. 

Description. —  A  colorless  liquid  with  a  pungent  odor  and  a  very 
acid  taste.  Brought  in  contact  with  the  skin,  it  produces  yellow  spots. 
It  is  soluble  in  all  proportions  in  water  and  dilute  alcohol.  With  strong 
alcohol  a  violent  reaction  takes  place,  substitution  products  being 
obtained.  Exposed  to  light  or  heated  near  its  boiling  point,  it  turns  a 
reddish-yellow,  owing  to  the  formation  of  nitrogen  oxids.  Its  specific 


64  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

gravity  is  1.414  and  boiling  point  36°  C.  Exposed  to  heat  it  is  entirely 
volatilized  with  decomposition.  It  is  a  powerful  oxidizing  agent,  con- 
verting most  metals  into  oxids  or  nitrates.  It  decomposes  almost  all 
organic  substances.  All  the  nitrates  are  soluble  in  water.  It  gives  a 
brown  coloration  with  ferrous  sulfate  dissolved  in  sulfuric  acid,  and  a 
red  coloration  with  brucin.  It  is  prepared  by  decomposition  of  sodium 
nitrate  with  sulfuric  acid.  Acidum  Nitricum  of  the  U.  S.  P.  contains 
68  per  cent  by  weight  of  absolute  nitric  acid  and  32  per  cent  of  water; 
specific  gravity  1.414  at  15°  C. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f> :  Drug  strength  •£$. 

Acid,  Nitric,  sp.  gr.  1.414,  147  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water;  to  be  freshly 
made,  for  immediate  use  only. 

All  preparations  of  this  acid  should  be  kept  in  glass-stoppered  vials. 


ACIDUM  NITRO-MURIATICUM.  Nitro-hydrochloric  Acid. 
Acid,  Nitro-Muriatic. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acidum  nitro-hydrochloricum,  Acidum  chloro- 
nitrosum,  Aqua  regia ;  French,  Acide  chloro-azotique  s.  chloro-nitreux ; 
German,  Salpetersalzsaure. 

Description. — A  liquid  of  a  deep  yellow  color,  an  odor  of  chlorin  and 
a  very  acid  taste.  It  is  soluble  in  all  proportions  in  water,  but  should 
not  be  brought  into  contact  with  alcohol.  It  is  entirely  volatilized  by 
heat,  and  cannot  be  kept  for  a  long  time.  It  dissolves  gold  and 
platinum,  transforms  metals  into  chlorids,  and  liberates  iodin  and 
bromin  from  their  combinations.  It  is  prepared  by  mixing  nitric 
and  hydrochloric  acids  in  the  following-named  proportions  :— 

Nitric  Add,  180  Cc. 

Hydrochloric  Acid,  820  Cc. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  65 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  </> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Acid,  Nitro-muriatic,  279  Cc. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  qtiantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water;  to  be  freshly 
made,  for  immediate  use  only. 

All  preparations  of  this  acid  should  be  kept  in  ground-stoppered 
vials,  and  in  a  cool  dark  place. 


ACIDUM  OXALICUM.  Oxalic  Acid. 

Acid,  Oxalic. 

Chemical  Symbol.— H2C2O4(H2O)2 ;  125.7. 

Synonyms. — English,  Hydrogen  oxalate;  French,  Acide  oxalique 
s.  carboneux;  German,  Oxalsaiire. 

Description. —  Colorless,  transparent,  rhombic  prisms,  odorless  and 
having  a  strong  acid  taste ;  not  deliquescent.  It  is  soluble  in  1 5  parts 
of  water  at  15°  C.  and  in  2.5  parts  of  alcohol.  At  98°  C.  it  fuses,  and  at 
1 60°  C.  sublimes  partly  unaltered,  being  partly  decomposed  into  carbon 
dioxid  and  carbon  monoxid  without  residue.  When  heated  with  sul- 
furic  acid,  the  same  action  takes  place,  but  when  dissolved  in  the  acid 
at  a  low  temperature  large  crystals  of  anhydrous  oxalic  acid  are 
deposited.  Heated  with  glycerin  it  gives  carbon  dioxid  and  formic 
acid.  Solutions  of  neutral  or  ammoniacal  calcium  salts  form  a  white 
precipitate  of  calcium  oxalate,  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  hydrochlo- 
ric acid  and  decomposed  at  a  red  heat  into  calcium  oxid.  It  is  found 
in  the  vegetable  kingdom  and  occurs  in  rhubarb,  curcuma,  sorrel,  ginger, 
valerian,  quassia,  orris,  etc.  It  is  obtained  by  heating  sugar,  starch, 
or  molasses,  with  nitric  acid.  Oxalic  acid  is  an  active  poison. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  </>  /  -fa  in  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


66  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

ACIDUM  PHOSPHORICUM.  Phosphoric  Acid. 

Acid,  Phosphoric. 

Chemical  Symbol.— H  3 PO4;  97.8. 

Synonyms. — English,  Orthophosphoric  Acid;  French,  Acide  phos- 
phorique;  German,  Phosphorsaiire. 

Description. —  The  anhydrid,  P2O5,  consists  of  snow-white,  odorless 
flakes,  attracting  moisture  with  avidity  and  giving  metaphosphoric  or 
glacial  acid,  HPO3,  or  of  phosphoric  acid,  H3PO4,  which  is  contained 
in  the  bones  of  animals.  A  third  modification  is  pyrophosphoric  acid, 
H4P2O7.  Meta-phosphoric  acid  coagulates  albumen,  and  gives  a  trans- 
parent, gelatinous  precipitate  with  argentic  nitrate.  Pyrophosphoric 
acid  does  not  coagulate  albumen,  and  gives  a  white  precipitate  with 
argentic  nitrate.  Orthophosphoric  acid  is  without  action  upon 
albumen,  and  gives  a  yellow  precipitate  with  argentic  nitrate.  The 
officinal  acid  represents  85  per  cent  of  the  ortho  modification.  It  is  a 
colorless,  odorless  liquid  having  an  acid  taste;  specific  gravity  1.710. 
It  is  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol  in  all  proportions ;  when  heated  it 
loses  water  and  is  transformed  at  200°  C.  into  the  pyro  modification. 
It  is  extracted  from  bones. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  </> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Acid,  Phosphoric,  sp.  gr.  1.710,  strength  85  per  cent,  118  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water;  to  be  freshly 
prepared,  for  immediate  use  only. 


ACIDUM  PICRICUM.  Picric  Acid. 

Acid,  Picric. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C6H2(NO2)3OH;  228.57. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Acidum  carbazoticum ;  English,  Carbazotic 
acid,  Nitrophenisic  acid,  Trinitrophenol ;  French,  Acide  picrique; 
German,  Pikrin satire. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


Description.  —  Bright  yellow  needles  or  scales,  without  odor,  having 
an  intensely  bitter  taste;  specific  gravity  1.777.  Soluble  in  86  parts  of 
water  at  15°  C.  and  readily  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  melts  at  122.5°  C.  an^ 
should  not  be  heated,  as  it  is  explosive.  When  cautiously  heated,  it 
sublimes  without  decomposition.  Quickly  heated  in  a  test  tube  it 
detonates;  on  a  platinum  foil  it  burns  with  a  smoky  flame,  without 
residue.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  acid,  producing  on  the  skin  and  on 
organic  matters  a  permanent  yellow  coloration  ;  it  precipitates  gelatin. 
It  forms  salts  which  are  mostly  yellow,  crystalline,  and  very  bitter  ;  they 
explode  by  percussion  or  by  the  action  of  heat.  The  potassium  salt  is 
soluble  in  260  parts  of  water  at  1  5°  C.  It  is  obtained  by  the  action  of 
nitric  acid  upon  organic  substances,  such  as  indigo,  sugar,  starch, 
salicin,  aloes,  benzoin,  silk,  etc. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Solution:  y^  in  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


ACIDUM  SALICYLICUM.  Salicylic  Acid. 

Acid,  Salicylic. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  HC7H5O3 ;  137.67. 

Synonyms. — English,  Ortho-oxybenzoic  Acid;  French,  Acide  sali- 
cylique;  German,  Salicylsaiire. 

Description. —  Snow-white,  small,  acicular,  shining  crystals,  without 
odor  and  of  a  sweetish,  faintly  acid  taste.  It  is  soluble  in  450  parts  of 
water  and  in  2.4  parts  of  alcohol  at  15°  C.  It  fuses  at  155.5°  C.,  and  if 
carefully  heated  sublimes  without  decomposition  at  200°  C.  When 
rapidly  heated  to  between  220°  C.  and  230°  C.  it  gives  carbon  dioxid 
and  phenol.  Even  very  dilute  aqueous  or  alcoholic  solutions  give  a 
deep  blue  violet  color  with  ferric  chlorid ;  this  reaction,  however,  does 
not  take  place  in  the  presence  of  alkalies,  alkaline  salts  or  acids.  A 
mixture  of  salicylic  acid  and  sugar  gives  a  deep  red  color,  changing  to 
black  when  heated  with  sulfuric  acid ;  it  is  converted  into  chloranil  by 


68  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

potassium  chlorate.  It  disengages  carbon  dioxid  from  carbonates.  It 
occurs  in  the  free  state  in  the  flowers  of  Spiraea  Ulmaria  and  as  methyl- 
ester  in  Wintergreen  oil.  The  commercial  acid  is  prepared  syntheti- 
cally from  phenol. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <j> :  -^  in  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 


AODUM  SULPHURICUM.  Sulfuric  Acid 

Acid,  Sulfuric. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  H2SO4;  97.82. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Acidum  sulf uricum  ;  English]  Oil  of  vitriol, 
Hydrogen  sulphate;  French,  Acide  sulfurique ;  German,  Schwef  el  satire. 

Description. —  A  colorless,  odorless  liquid,  markedly  caustic  and 
corrosive  and  having  a  very  sharp  and  acid  taste.  It  is  soluble  in  all 
proportions  in  water,  with  which  it  forms  several  definite  compounds. 
The  mixture  of  the  concentrated  acid  with  water  is  productive  of  high 
temperatures,  therefore  great  care  should  be  exercised.  Under  no 
conditions  should  the  water  be  poured  into  the  acid,  but  rather  a  fine 
stream  of  acid  allowed  to  drip  into  the  stirred  water.  Sulfuric  acid 
produces  ethers  with  violent  activity  when  mixed  with  alcohol.  It  is  a 
heavy  liquid,  with  a  specific  gravity  of  1.84.  At  a  temperature  of 
35°  C.  it  congeals,  and  boils  at  338°  C.,  producing  abundant  white  fumes 
without  residue  when  in  contact  with  moist  air.  Heated  to  a  red  heat 
it  is  dissociated  into  sulfur  dioxid,  oxygen  and  water.  It  carbonizes 
organic  matters.  With  solutions  of  barium  salts,  a  white  precipitate  of 
barium  sulfate  is  obtained — insoluble  in  acids;  with  solutions  of  lead 
salts,  a  white  precipitate  of  lead  sulfate  —  insoluble  in  water  or  acids, 
but  soluble  in  ammonium  tartrate.  Sulfuric  acid  is  obtained  by  the 
oxidation  of  sulfur  or  sulfur  dioxid  in  the  presence  of  water.  It  con- 
tains 92.5  per  cent  by  weight  of  absolute  acid,  and  7.5  per  cent  of 
water. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  69 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Acid,  Sulfuric,  sp.  gr.  1.835,  108  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity, 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution,  the  solution 
to  be  measured  when  cold. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water;  to  be  freshly 
made,  for  immediate  use  only. 

All  preparations  of  this  acid  should  be  kept  in  ground-stoppered 
vials. 


ACIDUM  TANNICUM.  Tannic  Acid. 

Acid,  Tannic. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  HC14H9O9;  321.22. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Acidum  gallo-tannicum,  Tanninum;  English, 
Tannin,  Digallic  acid ;  French,  Acide  tannique ;  German,  Gerbsaiire. 

Description. —  An  amorphous  powder  of  a  yellowish  white  color, 
frequently  having  a  greenish  tinge,  odorless,  of  a  very  astringent 
taste.  At  15°  C.  it  is  soluble  in  i  part  of  water  or  in  0.6  part  of 
alcohol.  It  dissolves  at  a  moderate  heat  in  i  part  of  glycerin.  Ex- 
posed to  heat,  it  melts,  blackens,  burns  with  a  bright  flame  without 
residue.  Carefully  heated,  at  a  temperature  of  215°  C.,  pyrogallol 
sublimes,  leaving  a  residue  of  black  metagallic  acid,  insoluble  in 
water,  soluble  in  alkalies.  Its  aqueous  solution,  which  has  an  acid 
reaction,  precipitates  albumen  and  forms  with  gelatinoids  compounds 
which  do  not  putrefy  with  ferrous  salts ;  no  action  takes  place  when 
oxygen  is  excluded,  but  with  persalts  of  iron,  a  deep,  blue-black  color- 
ation is  obtained.  In  concentrated  solutions,  a  precipitate  of  the 
same  color  is  formed  and  the  persalts  are  reduced  to  ferrous  salts. 
With  cupric  salts  it  gives  a  dark  blue  coloration  and  a  precipitate  of 
the  same  color  in  concentrated  solutions.  In  the  presence  of  alkalies 
and  by  exposure  to  air  the  solutions  of  tannic  acid  assume  a  brown 
coloration.  It  unites  with  all  vegetable  alkaloids  forming  whitish 
precipitates  nearly  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol  and  in  acetic 
acid.  lodin  solutions  containing  tannic  acid  do  not  react  upon  starch. 
Tannic  acid  is  obtained  from  nut-galls. 


7O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <f> :  -£$  with  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


ACIDUM  TARTARICUM.  Tartaric  Acid. 

Acid,  Tartaric. 

Chemical  Symbol. — H2C4H4O6;  149.64. 

Synonyms. — English,  Dioxysuccinic  acid,  Dihydroxysuccinic  acid; 
French,  Acide  tartrique ;  German,  Weinsaiire. 

Description. — Colorless,  transparent,  rhombic  prisms,  odorless  and 
having  an  acid  taste,  permanent  in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  0.8  part 
of  water  or  in  2.5  parts  of  alcohol  at  the  same  temperature;  also 
soluble  in  glycerin,  but  insoluble  in  chloroform  and  benzol.  Sub- 
mitted to  the  action  of  heat,  it  fuses  at  170°  C.,  at  180°  C.  it  loses 
water  and  is  converted  into  the  anhydrid ;  between  200°  and  21 1°  C.  it 
is  decomposed.  At  a  higher  temperature  it  turns  black,  emits  fumes 
having  the  odor  of  burned  sugar,  and  is  entirely  decomposed  into 
carbon  monoxid  and  dioxid,  hydrocarbons  and  water.  When  kept  in 
fusion  for  some  time,  water  escapes  and  tartrelic  acid  is  produced. 
Its  aqueous  solution  has  an  acid  reaction  and  forms  with  calcium  salts 
a  white  precipitate  of  calcium  tartrate  nearly  insoluble  in  water,  but 
soluble  in  ammonium  chlorid  and  in  acetic  acid.  With  a  concentrated 
solution  of  a  potassium  salt,  a  precipitate  of  acid  potassium,  tartrate 
is  obtained.  It  is  prepared  from  crude  tartrates  extracted  from  the 
juice  of  grapes,  tamarinds,  pineapples  and  other  acidulous  fruits.  It 
is  a  by-product  in  the  manufacture  of  cream  of  tartar  from  argols. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <j>:  ^  in  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  71 

ACONITUM  NAPELLUS.  Aconite. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Aconitum  angustifolium,  A.  caule-simplex,  A. 
coeruleum,  A.  dissectum,  A.  multifidum,  A.  Stoerckianum,  A.  tauricum, 
A.  vulgare,  Napellum  coeruleum ;  English,  Friar's  cap,  Helmet 
flower,  Monkshood,  Wolfsbane;  French,  Aconit;  German,  Eisenhut, 
Sturmhat. 

Description. — A  perennial  herb,  with  a  tapering  root,  descending 
perpendicularly.  The  stem  is  erect,  2  to  6  feet  high,  round,  smooth, 
green,  and  slightly  hairy  above.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  long-stalked, 
spreading  and  palmately  cut,  the  lower  more  deeply  than  the  upper, 
into  three  or  five  segments,  which  are  again  divided.  They  are  dark- 
green  and  shiny  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  and  slightly  hairy  on  the 
under.  The  flowers,  which  are  of  'a  dark-violet  color,  appear  from 
May  to  July,  are  stalked  and  racemose,  not  numerous  nor  large.  The 
calyx  is  wanting,  sepals  five,  the  upper  helmet-shaped  and  beaked, 
nearly  hemispherical,  the  two  lateral  are  roundish  and  hairy  internally, 
the  lower  two,  oblong-oval. 

Habitat. —  It  is  found  in  wet,  shady  places  in  hilly  districts  ;  grow- 
ing at  high  altitudes,  throughout  the  mountainous  regions.  It  grows 
throughout  Siberia,  extending  to  mountainous  ranges  of  the  Pacific 
coast  of  this  country.  It  has  also  been  introduced  as  an  ornamental 
flower.  It  has  become  naturalized  in  the  west  of  England  and  Wales. 
Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  i;  Jahr.  and  Cat.  153;  Winkler,  i  ;  Goullon,  4; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  6. 

History. —  The  name  is  said  to  be  derived  from  Aconis,  a  city  of 
Bithynia  (Asia  Minor),  where  it  grew  abundantly,  and  napus  a  turnip, 
from  the  shape  of  its  roots.  Its  etymology  is  ascribed  to  Akone,  a 
whetstone,  a-konigos,  without  dust,  as  the  plant  grew  on  rocks  desti- 
tute of  soil;  akon,  a  dart,  because  darts  were  poisoned  therewith. 
Aconite  was  used  as  a  medicine  by  the  ancients  and  referred  to  in 
mythological  history,  but  fell  into  disrepute  until  about  the  middle  of 
the  last  century,  when  it  was  employed  by  Stoerck  and  given  a  place 
in  the  Pharmacopeia.  Hahnemann  published  his  provings  of  it  in 
1805  in  his  "Fragmenta  de  Viribus  Medicamentorum  Positivus." 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  12.] 


72  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  plant  and  root  gathered  at  the  beginning 
of  flowering.  At  the  time  Hahnemann  made  his  provings  the  many 
species  were  not  accurately  distinguished,  and  it  is  not  certain  which 
were  employed  by  him.  In  subsequent  provings  different  species 
have  been  used  indiscriminately.  The  root  is  much  stronger  than  the 
herb  or  leaves,  and  is  more  uniform  in  strength.  The  results  of  careful 
and  repeated  experiments  show  the  root  to  possess  nine  times  the 
strength  of  the  leaf.  In  the  provings  the  symptoms  of  the  herb,  root 
and  seed  have  not  been  separated,  not  even  those  of  different  species. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  T^. 
Aconitum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  350  Cc.  =  450 

Strong  alcohol,  683  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol.     3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ACONITUM   E   RADICK  Aconite  Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Aconiti  radix;  English,  Aconite  root. 

Description. — The  root  of  A.  napellus  is  a  tuber,  contracted  below 
into  a  conical  root  resembling  a  parsnip,  \  to  I  inch  diameter  at  the 
crown  and  2  to  3  inches  in  length.  From  a  bud  at  the  side,  another 
tuber  is  formed  at  the  end  of  a  short  branch,  during  the  first  summer, 
bearing  a  bud  at  its  top,  from  which  grows  the  stem  of  the  succeeding 
year.  This  second  root  is  fully  developed  in  the  fall  of  the  first  year, 
when  the  parent  (officinal)  becomes  shrivelled  longitudinally  and 
covered  with  broken  rootlets.  This  is  dark-brown  in  color,  has  a 
thick  bark,  breaks  with  short  fracture,  showing  white  or  gray  inner 
substance,  sometimes  hollow  in  the  center.  A  transverse  section  of 
the  root  shows  a  white  central  star-shaped,  six-  to  eight-rayed  pith. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  73 

The  radish-like  odor  of  the  fresh  root  disappears  on  drying  ;  the  taste 
is  at  first  sweetish,  then  acrid  and  burning,  with  a  persistent  sense  of 
numbness.  As  sold  in  market  the  roots  of  different  species  are  found 
mixed  with  the  officinal.  Some  of  these  are  globular-ovate,  smaller 
and  with  central  pith  having  five  rounded  rays  ;  others  are  composed 
of  three  to  five  attached  roots,  with  pith  roundish  and  pentagonal; 
other  roots  resembling  A.  napellus  in  form,  have  an  aromatic  odor  and 
pungent  taste,  and  on  transverse  section  exhibit  circles  of  oil  cells. 
Aconite  root  is  an  active  poison. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -^  (by  percolation). 
Aconite  e  radice  in  powder  sufficiently  fine  to  pass  through 

a  sieve  having  40  meshes  to  the  inch,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

ACTMA  RACEMOSA,     [See  Cimicifuga  racemosa.] 

ACT^EA  SPICATA.  Baneberry. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Actaea  americana,  A.  brachypetala,  A.  lon- 
gipes,  A.  nigra,  A.  rubra,  Radix  Christopherianae;  English,  Cohosh, 
Herb  Christopher,  Baneberry ;  French,  Racine  de  Saint-Christophe ; 
German,  Christophswurz. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  short,  slender 
rhizome  of  blackish-gray  color.  The  stem  is  erect,  2  to  3  feet  high, 
leafless  and  scaly  at  the  base.  The  leaves  are  two  to  three  ternately 
compound  and  ovate ;  leaflets  sharply  cleft  and  toothed.  The  white 
flowers  which  appear  from  April  to  June  are  on  a  short,  thick,  termi- 
nal, ovate  raceme.  Pedicels  are  the  length  of  the  flowers,  scarcely 
thickened  when  in  fruit. 

Habitat. —  It  is  a  native  of  Central  and  Northern  Europe,  grows  in 
bushy,  mountainous,  lime-stone  districts.  It  has  been  found  from 
Canada  to  Pennsylvania.  Fig.,  Winkler,  2. 


74  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1852  by  Dr 
Petroz.    Journ.  d.  1.  Soc.  Gal.  III.  12.    [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  1. 45.] 
Part  Used — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Actsea  spicata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

ADONIS  VERNALIS.  Pheasant's  Eye. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 
Synonyms. — Latin,  Adonis  apennina;  English,  Pheasant's  Eye. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  I  foot  high.  Its  lower 
leaves  are  abortive,  the  upper  sessile,  multifid.  Its  flowers  appear 
from  March  to  May,  on  the  summit  of  each  stem  and  branch;  are 
bright  yellow  and  cup-shaped  ;  the  involucre  absent,  sepals  five,  petals 
five  to  fifteen. 

Habitat. —  It  is  a  native  of  northern  Europe  and  Asia  and  has  been 
found  growing  spontaneously  in  Western  New  York  and  Kentucky. 

History.— It  has  been  recently  introduced  into  medical  practice. 
Parts  Used.— Entire  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Adonis  vernalis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  250  Cc.  =  350 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol.     3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  75 

^SCULUS  GLABRA.  Buckeye. 

Natural  Order. —  Sapindaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  /Esculus  carnea,  A.  echinata,  A.  ohioensis,  A. 
pallida,  A.  rubicunda,  A.  watsoniana,  Pavia  glabra,  P.  pallida,  P. 
watsoniana ;  English,  Fetid,  or  Ohio  Buckeye,  Buckeye  tree,  Smooth- 
leaved  horse-chestnut. 

Description. —  A  large,  deciduous,  ornamental  tree,  12  feet  in  height, 
with  smooth  bark,  exhaling  an  unpleasant  odor,  hence  its  name.  Its 
leaves  are  opposite,  digitate,  straight-veined  and  smooth.  The  flowers, 
which  appear  in  May  and  June  in  a  terminal  panicle,  are  of  a  pale- 
yellow  color,  often  polygamous,  the  greater  portion  with  imperfect 
pistils  and  sterile.  The  fruit  is  in  a  capsule,  prickly  when  young. 
The  seeds  are  very  large,  with  a  mahogany-colored,  shining  coat,  and 
a  large,  round,  pale  scar. 

Habitat. —  North  America.  Introduced  from  northern  parts  of 
Asia,  through  Southern  Europe  to  England.  It  is  found  on  river 
banks  from  West  Pennsylvania  to  Michigan  and  Kentucky.  Fig., 
Millspaugh,  44. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Hale  in 
1864,  New  Rem.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  48.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  ripe  nut,  not  including  outside  shell. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :    Drug  strength  ^. 

yEsculus  glabra,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  120  Cc.  =  220 

Distilled  water,  280  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;  3x  and    higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

^ESCULUS  HIPPOCASTANUM.  Horse  Chestnut. 

Natural  Order. —  Sapindaceae. 


76  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Castaneae  equinse,  Hippocastanum  vulgare; 
English,  Common  horse-chestnut ;  French,  Marronier  d'  Inde ;  German, 
Gemeine  Kastanie. 

Description. —  A  large,  round-headed  tree,  40  to  60  feet  in  height, 
with  many  branches ;  tawny,  smooth  bark,  white,  not  very  firm  wood. 
Leaves  are  opposite,  bright-green,  straight,  digitate  and  obovate ;  acute 
and  serrate  leaflets.  The  flowers  appear  in  June  in  numerous  pink 
and  white  pyramidal  racemes.  The  fruit  is  large,  smooth,  mahogany- 
colored,  with  large,  round,  pale  scab,  in  a  fleshy,  prickly  shell. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  India,  Persia,  or  Northern  Turkey;  introduced 
into  and  abundant  in  Britain,  France  and  United  States.  Fig., 
Goullon,  40;  Millspaugh,  43. 

History. —  It  was  introduced  into  Europe  by  an  ambassador  of  the 
Ottoman  Porte,  who  sent  the  seed  to  Vienna  in  1576.  It  was  intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Helbig,  1844.  The  name  was 
originally  applied  to  a  species  of  oak;  also,  to  a  tree  which  bore 
esculent  fruit — esca-food.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  48.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh,  ripe  nut,  not  including  outside  shell. 

a.  Tincture  <£  :    Drug  strength  -£$. 

^Esculus  hippocastanum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 
plant  moisture  120  Cc.  =  220 

Distilled  water,  280  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Tritiirations :  I  x  and  higher. 

^THUSA  CYNAPIUM.  Fool's  Parsley. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferas. 

Synonyms. — English,  Dog  parsley,  Dog  poison,  Fool's  parsley, 
Garden  hemlock,  Lesser  hemlock ;  French,  Cigue  des  Jardins ;  German, 
Garten-schierling. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  77 

Description. —  A  fetid,  poisonous,  annual  herb,  with  tapering  and 
branched  whitish  root.  The  stem,  i  to  2  feet  high,  is  round, 
striate,  leafy,  not  spotted,  often  purplish,  branched  and  zigzag. 
The  leaves  are  twice  or  thrice  pinnatifid,  bright  green,  sometimes 
tinged  with  red,  wedge-lanceolate,  lobed,  and  somewhat  decurrent. 
The  flowers  are  white,  and  appear  from  July  to  September.  The 
involucre  is  wanting,  but  an  involucrum  of  three  long  and  narrow 
leaves  distinguishes  this  plant  from  the  garden  parsley,  from  which  it 
also  differs  in  the  peculiar  and  disagreeable  smell  of  the  leaves. 

Habitat.  —  Common  weed  in  gardens  and  cultivated  fields  through- 
out Europe ;  also  found  about  cultivated  grounds  from  New  England 
to  Pennsylvania.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  15;  Winkler,  10;  Jahr  and 
Cat.  155;  Bent,  and  Trim.  125;  Millspaugh,  65. 

History. —  The  name  is  said  to  be  derived  from  "  Aitho,"  burn, 
from  its  acrid  taste ;  "  Aithusa,"  beggarly,  and  also  "  Aithusso,"  to  set 
on  fire.  It  was  confounded  by  many  of  the  early  writers  with  Conium 
maculatum,  the  general  name  Cicuta,  from  which  it  may  be  distin- 
guished by  the  absence  of  spots  on  its  stem.  It  was  introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1828  by  Nenning.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  I.  59.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -j-1^. 

yEthusa  Cynapium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;    3_x  and  higher,  with    dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3\  and  higher. 


AGARICUS  MUSCARIUS.  Bug  Agaric. 

Natural  Order. —  Fungi. 


78  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Agaricus  fulvus,  A.  imperialis,  A.  maculatus, 
A.  plumbaeus,  A.  puella,  A.  pustulatus,  A.  verrucosus,  Amanita  citrinus, 
A.  muscarius;  English,  Bug  or  fly  agaric;  French,  Oronge  fausse; 
German,  Fliegenschwamm. 

Description. —  This  mushroom  has  a  sub-solid,  bulbous  stem,  4  to  9 
inches  high,  yz  to  i  inch  thick,  with  white  gills.  The  pileus  is  3  to  7 
inches  broad,  of  a  rich  orange-scarlet  color,  but  occasionally  whitish, 
yellowish  or  brown.  Its  color  varies  according  to  the  locality  where 
it  is  found.  It  has  numerous  whitish,  angular  warts,  which  are  viscid 
when  moist. 

Habitat. —  Found  in  dry  places  in  Northern  Europe,  Asia  and 
America;  not  common  in  England,  abundant  in  pine  woods  in  some 
parts  of  Scotland  and  sandy  deserts  in  Asia.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  21 ; 
Winkler,  4. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Stapf  in  1828. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  69.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  fungus,  with  the  exception  of  outer 
skin. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .•     Drug  strength  •£$. 

Agaricus  muscarius,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  468  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AGARICUS  EMETICUS.  Emetic  Mushroom. 

Natural  Order. —  Fungi. 
Synonyms. —  Latin,  Russula  emetica;  English,  Acrid  agaric. 

Description. — A  small,  acrid  mushroom,  about  3  inches  high,  with 
a  thick,  stout  stem.     The  upper  portion  is  from  2  to  3  inches  broad, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHV.  79 

fleshy  and  firm;  in  shape  obtuse,  then  depressed  and  funnel-form. 
The  gills  are  narrow  and  closely  set ;  the  flesh  compact,  white  and 
cheesy. 

Habitat. —  It  is  found  in  the  woods  of  Europe. 

History. —  Poisonous  effects.     [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  68.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  mushroom. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> ;  Drug  strength  -^. 

Agaricus  emet.,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  468  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol  ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AGAVE  AMERICANA.  Century  Plant. 

Natural  Order. —  Amaryllidaceas. 

Synonyms.- — English,  American  aloe,  Century  plant,  Maguey; 
French,  Maguey ;  German,  Agave. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  3  to  30  feet  high,  fibrous-rooted, 
acaulescent,  with  dentate,  lanceolate  leaves  3  to  6  feet  long,  very  thick 
and  fleshy,  with  hard  spines  along  the  margins  and  at  the  points. 
Scape  is  branched,  lofty  and  arborescent ;  corolla  tube  contracted  in 
the  middle;  pedicel  as  long  as  corolla.  The  pod  is  coriaceous  and 
many-seeded.  The  seeds  are  flattened ;  the  flowers  yellow. 

Habitat — Florida,  Mexico,  Central  and  Tropical  America.  Culti- 
vated in  south  of  Europe,  for  hedges. 

History. —  It  was  supposed  to  be  the  species  from  the  juice  of 
which  the  intoxicating  pulque  of  the  Mexicans  was  obtained,  but  this 
is  doubtful.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1866  by  Dr. 
Hale,  New  Rem.  2nd  ed.  52. 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  leaves. 


8O  THE  PHARMACOPEIA  OF  THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Agave,   moist   magma   containing   solids    100   Gm., 

pknt  moisture  800  Cc.  =  900 

Strong  alcohol,  222  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  six  parts  distilled 

water,  three  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


AGNUS  CASTUS.  Chaste  Tree. 

Natural  Order. — Verbenaceae. 

Synonyms. — -Latin,  Vitex  agnus  castus,  V.  verticillata ;  English, 
Chaste  tree  ;  French,  Gattilier  commun  ;  German,  Keusch-lamm. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  shrub,  6  feet  high,  much  branched, 
with  opposite,  petiolate,  digitate  leaves,  five  to  seven  partite,  dark- 
green  on  upper,  grayish  on  under  surface,  possessing  a  strong, 
aromatic  odor.  Flowers  are  numerous  in  long,  terminal  spikes,  and 
blue  or  purplish  in  color.  The  berries  resemble  pepper-corn;  are 
dark-purple,  half-covered  by  green  calyces,  yellowish  and  hard  within^ 
and  with  an  aromatic  odor  and  taste. 

Habitat. — The  shores  of  the  Mediterranean,  south  of  France  and 
Greece,  on  sandy  spots  and  at  the  base  of  rocks.  It  is  also  cultivated 
in  gardens.  Fig.,  Goullon,  318. 

History. —  It  was  used  in  medicine  in  the  time  of  Dioscorides,  and 
was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Stapf  in  1831,  Archiv. 
X.  I.  177.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  127.] 

Part  Used. — The  recently  dried  berries. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  fa. 

Agnus  castus,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  loco  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  8l 

AGROSTEMMA  GITHAGO.  Corn  Cockle. 

Natural  Order. —  Carophyllaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Lychnis  githago  ;  English,  Corn  cockle. 

Description. — -An  annual  herb,  with  dichotomous  stem,  2  to  3  feet 
high,  swelling  at  the  nodes.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  entire  and 
linear,  3  to  5  inches  long,  %  to  y^.  inches  wide,  of  a  pale-green  color, 
fringed  with  long  hairs.  The  flowers  are  few,  appearing  on  long, 
naked  stalks  from  June  to  July;  are  large,  of  a  blue  or  purple  color. 
The  calyx  tubular,  coriaceous,  five  tubed,  ovoid  or  cylindrical,  longer 
than  the  corolla.  The  seeds  are  roundish  and  angular,  and  of  a 
purplish-black  color. 

Habitat. —  A  common,  pernicious  weed,  found  everywhere  in  wheat 
fields.  Fig.,  Goullon,  25  ;  Millspaugh,  31. 

History. —  The  name  means  crown  of  the  fields.  The  seeds  are 
poisonous,  containing  saponine.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  prac- 
tice in  1854  by  Dr.  Kurtz,  Zeit.  f.  Horn.  Klin.  III.  107.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  132.] 

Part  Used. —  The  ripe,  dried  seeds. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  ;  Drug  strength  ^. 

Agrostemma,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

AILANTHUS  GLANDULOSUS.  Tree  of  Heaven. 

Natural  Order. —  Simarubaceae. 

Synonyms.—  Latin,  Ailanthus  procerus,  Rhus  cacodendron,  R. 
chinense,  R.  hypsilodendron ;  English,  Chinese  sumach,  Tree  of 
heaven;  German,  Gotterbaum. 


82  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  deciduous  tree,  from  30  to  60  feet  high,  with 
straight,  smooth  trunk,  2  to  3  feet  in  diameter  and  much  branched. 
The  leaves  are  1%  to  6  feet  long,  odd-pinnately  compound  and  glab- 
rous. Flowers  in  terminal  panicles,  are  staminate,  pistillate  or  poly- 
gamous, exhaling  a  peculiar  disagreeable  odor. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  China.  Introduced  into  England  and  brought 
to  this  country  about  1800.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  35. 

History. —  From  its  general  appearance  it  was  thought  to  belong 
to  the  Rhus  family.  It  is  cultivated  in  France  for  the  sake  of  its 
leaves,  upon  which  the  silk  worm  is  fed.  It  was  mistaken  as  the 
source  of  the  Japan  varnish,  hence  its  name  Japanese  Varnish  Tree. 
It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Drs.  Hering  and 
Lippe  in  1840-50.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  133.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  bark  of  the  young  shoots,  and  the  fresh, 
well-developed  flowers. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Ailanthus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  160  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ALETRIS  FARINOSA.  Star  Grass. 

Natural  Order. —  Haemodoraceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Ague-grass,  Ague-root,  Aloe-root,  Bettie- 
grass,  Blazing-star,  Colic-root,  Crow  corn,  Devil's  bit,  Mealy  starwort, 
Star  grass,  Star  root,  Unicorn  root ;  French,  Al^tris  farineux ;  German, 
Mehlige  Aletris. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial,  acaulescent  herb,  with 
rhizome  consisting  of  four  to  six  joints,  brownish  externally  and 
white  internally,  breaking  with  a  mealy  fracture,  inodorous,  with  per- 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  83 

sistently  bitter  taste.  The  leaves  are  sessile,  lanceolate  and  smooth,  3 
to  4  inches  long,  %  inch  wide,  spread  star-like  on  the  ground.  The 
flowers  are  in  a  slender,  wand-like,  crowded  raceme,  and  on  a  nearly 
naked  scape,  I  to  3  feet  high,  creamy  white,  appearing  from  May  to 
August ;  later,  they  have  a  wrinkled,  mealy  appearance. 

Habitat. —  It  is  indigenous  to  North  America,  and  found  in  grassy 
or  sandy  woods.  Common  in  New  England  and  southward. 

History. —  The  name  signifies  mealy,  in  allusion  to  the  dust  with 
which  the  plant  seems  to  be  covered.  It  is  one  of  the  most  intensely 
bitter  plants  known.  It  was  used  as  medicine  by  the  aborigines; 
introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Hale  in  1864,  New 
Rem.  p.  34.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  146.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 
Aletris,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ALLIUM  CEPA.  Onion. 

Natural  Order.—  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cepa  ;  English,  Onion;  French,  Oignon;  Ger- 
man, Zwiebel. 

Description. —  A  bulbous  biennial  plant,  the  bulb  being  compressed, 
round  or  oblong.  The  scape  appears  the  second  year,  is  3  to  4  feet 
high,  straight  and  smooth.  The  flowers  are  terminal,  umbelliferous 
and  greenish-white. 


84  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Habitat. —  Native  of  Hungary.  Numerous  varieties  are  universally 
cultivated. 

History. —  It  has  been  used  as  a  medicine  from  time  immemorial. 
Homoeopathic  provings  were  made  by  Dr.  Hering  in  1847,  Am.  Arz. 
Prufung.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  146.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  mature  bulb  of  the  red  onion. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Allium  cepa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  468  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  jive  parts  alcohol ;   $x  and   higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ALLIUM  SATIVUM.  Garlic, 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Allium  ophioscorodon,  Porrum  sativum; 
English,  Garlic ;  French,  Ail ;  German,  Knoblauch. 

Description. —  An  acaulescent,  perennial,  bulbous  plant.  The  bulb 
is  somewhat  ovate,  flattened  below,  tapering  upwards,  covered  with  a 
white  membrane  and  composed  of  six  or  more  small  bulbs.  The 
terminal  scape  is  smooth,  shining,  solid,  i^  to  2  feet  high,  surrounded 
by  the  sheathing  leaves  —  seven  or  eight  in  number  —  all  from  the  root 
stock.  The  flowers  are  umbelliferous,  white,  appearing  in  June  and 
July. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  the  Mediterranean  region.  Universally  culti- 
vated. 

History. —  It  was  well  known  to  the  ancients,  and  was  used  as  a 
medicine  by  Hippocrates,  but  is  now  rarely  employed  by  the  old 
school.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1852  by  Dr.  Petros, 
J.  d.  1.  Soc.  Gal.  III.  279.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  160.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  mature  bulb. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  85 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -£$. 

Allium  sativum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3\  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ALNUS  SERRULATA.  Tag  Alder. 

Natural  Order. —  Betulaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Alnus  rubra;  English,  Common  smooth  or  tag 
alder,  Notch-leaved  alder,  Red  alder. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  shrub  or  tree  from  6  to  35  feet  high, 
with  numerous  straight  stems;  bark  smooth  and  brown,  becoming 
rugged  and  black.  The  leaves  are  petiolate,  obovate,  acute  at  the 
base,  serrate,  green  and  smooth  on  both  sides,  often  downy  beneath. 
The  flowers  appear  before  the  leaves,  in  March  and  April,  from 
clustered  catkins  of  the  preceding  season. 

Habitat. —  It  is  found  in  clumps,  from  New  England  to  Wisconsin, 
Kentucky  and  southward ;  in  wet  ground,  marshes  and  along  streams, 
where  it  forms  thickets.  In  mountains  and  high  altitudes  it  is  a 
shrub. 

History. —  Its  name  signifies  near  the  river.  The  wood  is  very 
durable  when  submerged.  The  bark  is  used  in  tanning,  and  to  a 
limited  extent  in  medicine.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1866  by  Dr.  Hale  (New  Remedies,  2d  ed.)  under  the  old 
name  of  A.  rubra.  There  are  no  provings,  and  Dr.  Hale  barely  men- 
tions it  in  subsequent  editions. 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  bark. 


86  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -^. 

Alnus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

•  plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ALOE  SOCOTRINA.  Aloes. 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Aloe  gummi,  A.  lucida,  A.  officinalis,  A.  rubes- 
cens,  A.  spicata,  A.  vera ;  English,  Hepatic,  Mocha,  Moka  or  Soco- 
trina  aloes  ;  French,  Aloes ;  German,  Aloe. 

Description. —  The  shrub  from  which  Aloe  is  obtained  has  a  straight, 
woody  stem,  attaining  a  height  of  6  feet,  surrounded  with  leaf  scars. 
The  leaves  form  large  tufts  at  the  ends  of  the  branches  ;  are  15  to  20 
inches  long,  slightly  concave  above  and  convex  beneath,  curved  at  first, 
then  erect,  tapering  to  a  spinous  point,  with  spines  along  the  margins. 

Habitat. —  Southern  and  Eastern  Africa,  shores  of  the  Red  Sea  and 
East  Indies.  Fig.,  Goullon,  259 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  283. 

History. —  It  is  said  that  Aloe  was  known  as  a  production  of  the 
island  of  Socotra  prior  to  the  Christian  era.  It  was  introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  by  Helbig,  who  made  provings  of  it  in  1833. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  163.] 

Part  Used. — The  inspissated  juice  of  the  leaves  of  one  or  more 
undetermined  species,  commonly  known  as  Socotrine  Aloes.  It  is  in 
masses  of  a  reddish-brown  color,  the  varying  shades  deepening  by 
exposure  to  the  air.  It  is  nearly  transparent  in  thin  films.  Its 
fracture,  usually  smooth  and  resinous,  is  sometimes  rough  and 
irregular.  It  has  a  peculiarly  strong  and  fragrant  odor  and  an  intensely 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  87 


bitter  taste.  Is  almost  entirely  soluble  in  alcohol  and  sparingly  in 
water.  While  dissolving  in  alcohol  it  exhibits  microscopic  crystals. 
For  the  preparation  of  tincture  use  the  inspissated  juice,  coarsely 
pulverized. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Aloe,  ico  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 


ALSTONIA  SCHOLARIS.  Dita  Bark. 

Natural  Order. — Apocynaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Alstonia  cuneata,  Echites  scholaris;  English, 
Dita  bark,  Devil  tree;  Vernacular,  Chatium,  Pali-mara,  Satium, 
Satween  ;  French,  Ecorce  de  dita ;  German,  Ditarinde. 

Description. — A  tree  50  to  80  feet  high,  dark  gray,  rough,  uneven 
bark ;  leaves  oblong,  petiolate,  4  to  8  inches  long,  2  to  4  inches  wide, 
in  whorls  ;  flowers  greenish-white,  appearing  in  December.  The  bark 
has  a  spongy  texture,  varying  in  thickness  from  ^  to  y2  inch,  breaking 
readily  with  short,  coarse  fracture.  Externally  it  is  rough  and  uneven, 
dark-gray  or  brownish,  with  dark-brown  spots ;  internally,  bright-buff 
color.  It  has  a  bitter  taste,  but  no  marked  odor. 

Habitat. —  India,  Ceylon,  Burmah,  Australia  and  throughout  the 
East  Indies.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  173. 

History. —  Named  for  Prof.  Chas.  Alston  and  "lignum  scholare" 
from  the  use  of  the  wood  in  making  writing  tablets  for  schools.  It  is 
mentioned  as  a  medicine  as  early  as  1678.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic 
literature  in  1866,  Monthly  Horn.  Rev.  X.  50.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  I.  192.] 

Part  Used.— The  dried  bark. 


88  THE  PHARMACOPEIA  OF  THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .•  Drug  strength  ^. 

Alstonia,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

ALTHEA  OFFICINALIS.  Marsh-Mallow. 

Natural  Order. —  Malvaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Marsh-mallow ;  French,  Racine  de  guimauve ; 
German,  Altheewurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  having  several  stems  springing 
from  a  thick,  elongated,  tapering  root  stalk,  about  1 2  inches  long. 
The  stems  are  from  2  to  4  feet  high,  erect,  firm,  nearly  unbranched, 
and  covered  with  thick,  woolly  down.  The  leaves  are  alternate  on 
stalks  i  y2  to  3  inches  long ;  are  greyish-green,  velvety-downy  on  both 
sides,  cordate  ovate,  irregularly  serrate,  sometimes  three-lobed.  The 
flowers,  which  are  of  a  pale-purplish  rose  color,  have  short  stalks,  and 
appear  in  small,  axillary,  terminal  clusters  of  2  to  4,  or  solitary.  The 
calyx  is  divided  into  5  deep  segments  ;  the  corolla  is  cup-shaped  ;  the 
stamens  are  numerous  and  monadelphous. 

Habitat. —  Ditches  and  wet  places  near  the  sea,  and  tidal  rivers  in 
Europe,  except  Scandinavia  and  North  Russia ;  also  in  Asia  Minor, 
Western  Asia,  Algeria,  the  southern  counties  of  England,  and  in  the 
United  States  on  the  borders  of  salt  marshes  from  Maine  to  New  York. 
Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  35. 

History. —  The  name  Althea  is  derived  from  a  Greek  word  meaning 
to  heal.  For  medicinal  use  the  plant  is  cultivated  chiefly  in  Bavaria 
and  Wurtemburg.  The  roots,  which  contain  the  desired  mucilaginous 
substance,  are  taken  in  the  autumn  from  plants  two  years  old.  The 
marsh-mallow  is  much  more  widely  used  on  the  continent,  especially 
in  France,  than  in  this  country. 

Part  Used.— The  dried  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCROPATHY.  89 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Althaea,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


ALUMEN.  Alum. 

Chemical  Symbol.— A12K2(SO4)4+24H2O  ;  946.46. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Aluminii  et  potassii  sulphas,  Sulphas  aluminico- 
potassicus;  English,  Potassium  alum,  Aluminium  and  potassium 
sulphate ;  French,  Sulfate  d'  alumine  et  potassa ;  German,  Kali  alaun. 

Description. —  Consists  of  large  octahedral  or  cubical,  colorless 
crystals  of  styptic  taste.  Exposed  to  the  air  it  effloresces  slightly,  and 
when  heated  to  about  92°  C.  fuses  in  its  water  of  crystallization. 
Is  soluble  in  9  parts  of  water  at  I5°C.;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  Some 
metals,  such  as  zinc,  iron,  or  generally  metals  which  are  soluble  in  dilute 
sulfuric  acid,  are  dissolved  in  its  aqueous  solution.  At  a  red  heat  it  is 
decomposed  into  oxygen,  sulfurous  and  sulfuric  acids,  with  a  residue 
consisting  of  alumina  and  potassium  sulfate.  With  ammonia  its  aque- 
ous solution  gives  an  abundant  white  precipitate,  nearly  insoluble  in  an 
excess  of  the  precipitant ;  with  potassium  or  sodium  hydrate,  the 
gelatinous,  white  precipitate  of  alumina  is  dissolved  in  an  excess  of 
the  alkalies.  It  is  obtained  from  clay,  which  is  transformed  into 
aluminum  sulfate,  and  this  salt  being  dissolved  in  water  is  mixed  with 
a  solution  of  potassium  sulfate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Solution  <£:  -     in  distilled  water. 


9O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

ALUMESf A.  Aluminum  Hydrate. 

Chemical  Symbol. — A12O3(H2O)3;  155.84. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Aluminum  trihydrate,  Aluminum  hydroxide; 
French,  Hydrate  d'  alumine;  German,  Thonerdehydrat. 

Preparation  of  crude. —  Aluminum    hydrate   is   prepared    by    pre- 
cipitating ammonia  alum  with  solution  of  ammonia  as  follows  :  — 
Ammonia  alum  in  crystals,  100  Gm. 

Solution  of  ammonia  -j^,  100  Cc. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

Powder  the  alum  and  dissolve  in  ten  fluid  ounces  of  warm  distilled 
water;  add  the  ammonia,  collect  the  precipitate  on  a  calico  filter,  and 
wash  it  with  hot  distilled  water  until  the  washings  cease  to  give  a 
precipitate  with  barium  chlorid,  or  any  odor  of  ammonia  when  mixed 
with  potassium  hydrate  and  boiled.  The  alumina  is  then  carefully 
dried  on  a  water  bath,  and  pulverized. 

Description. —  A  very  fine  white  powder,  soft  to  the  touch,  tasteless, 
infusible,  forming  a  paste  with  water,  but  not  dissolved  in  it. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

ALUMINIUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Aluminum. 

Aluminum. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Al.  27.04. 

Description. —  A  metal  of  an  almost  silvery-white,  strong  lustre; 
sonorous.  Of  great  elasticity  and  tensile  strength.  Very  ductile. 
Specific  gravity,  2.583,  which  is  nearly  one-third  that  of  iron.  Occurs 
abundantly  in  nature  as  aluminum  silicate  (clay,  feldspar,  mica,  etc.). 
For  the  first  time  isolated  by  Woehler  in  1827.  Fusible  at  red  heat, 
without  vaporizing.  Remains  almost  unchanged  at  ordinary  tempera- 
tures as  well  as  on  heating,  consequently  it  is  used  for  cooking  utensils. 
Most  foods  and  drinks  slightly  attack  vessels  made  of  aluminum,  but 
on  continued  use  this  attack  decreases  rapidly.  It  exerts  no  detri- 
mental influence  upon  health. 

Part  Used. — The  pure  metal. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


AMBRA  GRISEA.  Ambergris. 

Synonyms.  —  Ambarum,  Ambra  ambrosiacea,  A.  cinerea,  A. 
maritima,  A.  nigra,  A.  vera,  Ambrosiaca,  Succinum  griseum.  English, 
Ambergris  ;  French,  Ambre  gris  ;  German,  Graue  Ambra. 

Description.  —  A  morbid  secretion  of  the  liver  or  intestines  of  the 
sperm  whale,  found  floating  on  the  eastern  coast  of  Japan  and  on  the 
shores  of  the  Pacific  and  Indian  Oceans.  The  most  esteemed  is  found 
from  Madagascar  to  Sumatra.  It  is  in  solid,  spongy,  rough,  opaque 
balls,  weighing  from  fifty  to  two  hundred  pounds,  formed  of  concentric 
layers.  It  is  of  a  grayish-brown  color  externally,  with  black  and 
yellowish-red  streaks  and  whitish  specks  internally.  It  is  almost 
tasteless,  has  an  aromatic  odor,  softens  like  wax  by  the  warmth  of  the 
hands,  and  is  inflammable.  It  is  soluble  in  ether,  or  absolute  alcohol 
by  the  aid  of  heat,  and  partially  so  in  alcohol.  Mentioned  by  Hahne- 
mann,  Mat.  Med.  I.,  also  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  238. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations  :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <£  :  Drug  strength  -j-J^. 

Ambra  grisea,  10  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions  :  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications  :  3x  and  higher. 


AMBROSIA  ARTEMISLEFOLIA.  Rag  Weed 

Natural  Order. — Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ambrosia  absinthifolia,  A.  elatior,  A.  hetero- 
phylla,  A.  paniculata,  Iva  monophylla;  English,  Bastard  wormwood, 
Carrot  weed,  Hogweed,  Mugwort  leaved,  Roman  and  wild  wormwood. 

Description. — An  annual  herb,  extremely  variable,  from  i  to  3  feet 
high,  erect,  simple,  and  then  branching ;  pubescent  stem.  The  leaves 
are  thin,  finely  cut,  opposite  and  alternating,  twice  pinnatifid,  smooth 
above  and  hairy  beneath.  The  flowers  are  greenish-white,  appearing 
from  July  to  October. 


92  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  Canada  to  Brazil.     In  waste  places  everywhere. 
Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Ambrosia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMMONIACUM  GUMML  Gum  Ammoniac. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Diserneston  gummiferum,  Dorema  ammonia- 
cum,  Peucedanum  ammoniacum ;  English,  Gum  ammoniac ;  German, 
Ammoniak ;  Vernacular,  Bal-kurai,  Kandal,  Ooshak ;  French,  Gomme 
ammoniaque. 

Description. — The  principal  source  of  gum  ammoniacum,  Dorema 
ammoniacum,  is  a  perennial  plant,  with  a  stout,  erect  stem,  6  to  8  feet 
high,  divided  into  numerous  ascending  branches,  on  which,  on  thick, 
short  stalks,  are  small  umbelliferous  flowers.  The  plant  abounds  in  a 
milky  juice,  which  exudes  on  the  slightest  puncture,  as  the  sting  of  the 
numerous  beetles  that  infest  the  stem;  the  drops  harden  as  they 
adhere  or  trickle  down ;  from  the  root  also  the  juice  exudes  into  the 
surrounding  soil.  The  best  gum  is  in  globular  grains  or  tears,  varying 
in  size  from  that  of  a  pea  to  a  cherry  ;  the  poorer  quality  is  in  nodular 
lumps  or  masses.  Externally  the  gum  is  of  a  pale,  creamy-yellow 
color,  darkening  with  age  to  a  cinnamon-brown ;  internally  it  is  opaque 
and  milky-white ;  it  is  brittle,  and  has  a  waxy  luster  when  broken ;  it 
readily  softens  by  warmth,  becomes  sticky,  but  does  not  melt ;  it  has  a 
bitter,  acrid  taste,  and  a  characteristic  odor,  and  is  partially  soluble  in 
ether  and  alcohol. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  93 

Habitat. —  The  plant  grows  throughout  Persia  in  arid,  exposed 
situations.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  130. 

History. —  The  name  is  supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  temple  of 
Jupiter  Ammon  in  the  Libyan  desert,  where  it  is  said  to  have  been 
collected ;  again,  it  is  considered  a  corruption  of  Armeniacum,  as  it 
was  imported  through  Armenia.  It  was  named  Diserneston  from  two 
botanists,  whose  names  were  both  Ernest.  The  tree  has  been 
described  as  recently  as  1833,  though  the  gum  was  mentioned  by 
Dioscorides.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  by  Buchner, 
Hygea.  XIII.  212.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  249.] 

Part  Used. —  The  gum. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

AMMONIUM  ACETICUM.  Ammonium  Acetate. 

Ammonium  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NH4C2H3O2 ;  76.87. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Liquor  ammonii  acetatis,  Spiritus  mindereri; 
English,  Solution  of  acetate  of  ammonium,  Spirit  of  mindererus; 
French,  Acetate  d'ammoniaque  liquide ;  German,  Ammoniumacetat- 
Losung. 

Description. —  An  aqueous  solution  of  ammonium  acetate,  con- 
taining about  7  per  cent  of  the  salt. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Ammonium  carbonate,  5  Gm. 

Dilute  acetic  acid,  100  Cc. 

Add  the  salt  gradually  to  the  acid,  and  stir  until  dissolved.  Care 
should  be  taken  to  select  pure  crystals  of  ammonium  carbonate,  free 
from  the  bicarbonate.  The  solution  is  unstable,  and  should  be  made 
fresh  when  wanted. 

Solution  <f> :  Drug  strength  y^. 

Ammonium  acetate  solution,  143  Cc. 

Distilled  water,  857  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

To  be  prepared  fresh  when  wanted. 


94  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

AMMONIUM  BENZOICUM.  Ammonium  Beiuoate. 

Ammonium  Benzoate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NH4C7H5O2;  138.72. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ammonii  benzoas,  Benzoas  ammonicus; 
French,  Benzoate  d'ammoniaque ;  German,  Benzoesaures  Ammonium. 

Description. —  Prismatic,  colorless,  transparent  crystals,  or  white 
and  granular,  turning  yellow  on  long  exposure  to  the  air;  of  a  bitter, 
saline  taste,  and  an  odor  suggestive  of  gum  benzoin.  It  is  soluble  at 
15°  C.  in  5  parts  of  water  and  in  28  parts  of  alcohol,  in  1.2  parts  of 
boiling  water  and  in  7.6  parts  of  boiling  alcohol.  The  salt  is  prepared 
by  crystallization,  from  solutions  obtained  by  mixing  either  ammonium 
carbonate  or  ammonium  hydrate  with  benzoic  acid.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  256. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations  :  ix  and  higher. 


AMMONIUM  BROMATUM.  Ammonium  Bromid. 

Ammonium  Bromid. 

Chemical  Symbol — NH4Br;  97.77. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Ammonii  bromidum;  French,  Bromure  d'am- 
monium ;  German,  Bromammonium. 

Description. —  Long,  colorless,  easily  soluble  crystals,  turning 
yellow  on  exposure  to  the  air.  Soluble  in  1.5  parts  of  water  and  in  30 
parts  of  alcohol;  can  be  sublimed.  Prepared  (i)  by  saturating  a 
hydrobromic  acid  solution,  with  ammonium  hydrate,  or  (2)  by  pouring 
bromin  into  an  excess  of  aqueous  ammonia,  nitrogen  being  evolved  at 
the  same  time.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  256. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritttrations :  ix  and  higher,  freshly  prepared  from  the  pure,  color- 
less crystals. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  95 

AMMONIUM  CARBONICUM.       Ammonium  Carbonate. 
Ammonium  Carbonate* 

Chemical  Symbol — NH4HCO3NH4NH2CO2;  156.77. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ammonii  carbonas,  Ammoniae  sesquicarbonas, 
Carbonas  ammonicus,  Sal  volatile  siccum;  English,  Volatile  salt; 
French,  Carbonate  d'ammoniaque ;  German,  Kohlensaures  Ammonium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  hard,  translucent,  crystalline 
masses,  with  strong,  ammoniacal  odor  and  saline  taste.  It  loses  both 
ammonia  and  carbonic  acid  on  exposure  to  air  and  changes  to  opaque 
masses,  and  finally  to  a  white  powder.  It  is  soluble  in  5  parts  of 
water  at  I5°C.  and  is  decomposed  by  hot  water.  Alcohol  dissolves 
but  a  portion  of  the  salt,  leaving  ammonium  bicarbonate.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  259. 
PREPARATIONS. 

From  the  fresh,  crystalline  salt. 

a.  Solution  <$>:  ^  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water. 

All  preparations  of  this  salt  to  be  freshly  prepared,  and  should  be 
kept  in  well-stoppered  vials. 

AMMONIUM  CAUSTICUM.  Ammonium  Hydrate. 

Ammonia. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NH4 HO. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Liquor  ammonii  caustici,  Aqua  ammoniae; 
English,  Ammonia  water;  French,  Eau  d'ammoniaque;  German, 
Ammoniak-Flussigkeit. 

Description. —  Ammonia  gas  (NH3;  17)  dissolved  in  water  is  a 
colorless,  transparent  liquid,  with  a  powerful  specific  odor  and  a 
strongly  alkaline  taste  and  reaction.  At  ordinary  temperatures,  water 
is  capable  of  absorbing  690  times  its  volume  of  ammonia.  Aqua 
ammonias  fortior  (U.  S.)  has  a  specific  gravity  of  0.901  and  contains 
28  per  cent  of  the  gas.  It  gradually  becomes  reduced  in  strength, 
from  escape  of  ammonia,  and  the  stronger  ammonia  water,  as  sold  in 
commerce,  usually  has  a  specific  gravity  ranging  from  .900  to  .920. 
Its  density  should  be  ascertained  by  use  of  hydrometer  or  specific 
gravity  bottle.  A  solution  containing  10  per  cent  of  the  gas  has  a 
specific  gravity  of  .959.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  283. 


96  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f>:  Drug  strength  Y1^. 

Reduce  strong  ammonia  water  by  adding  distilled  water  until  the 
mixture  has  a  specific  gravity  of  .959. 

b.  Dilutions:   2x   and   higher,  with   dispensing  alcohol ;    to   be 
freshly  prepared. 


AMMONIUM  IODATUM.  Ammonium  lodid. 

Ammonium  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol — NH4I;  144.54. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ammonii  iodidum;  English,  Iodide  of  ammo- 
nium ;  French,  lodure  d'ammonium  ;  German,  Jodammonium. 

Description. — A  white,  granular  powder,  or  minute,  colorless,  cubical 
crystals,  odorless  when  white,  having  a  sharp,  saline  taste.  Markedly 
hygroscopic,  turns  yellow  on  exposure  to  air  and  light.  At  ordinary 
temperature,  soluble  in  i  part  of  water  or  in  9  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is 
decomposed  by  chlorin.  On  the  addition  of  a  little  chlorin  water  to 
its  aqueous  solution,  iodin  is  set  free  and  can  be  dissolved  in  chloro- 
form, with  a  violet  color;  excess  of  chlorin  will  prevent  this  color 
reaction  through  the  formation  of  colorless  compounds.  It  is  pre- 
pared by  mixing  solutions  of  potassium  iodid  and  ammonium  sulfate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher,  freshly  prepared. 

To  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  vials,  protected  from  the  light. 


AMMONIUM  MURIATICUM.  Ammonium  Chlorid. 

Ammonium  Muriate* 

Chemical  Symbol. —  NH4C1;  53.38. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ammonii  chloridum,  Ammonium  chloratum, 
Sal  ammoniacum ;  English,  Purified  chloride  of  ammonium,  Sal  ammo- 
niac ;  French,  Chlorure  d'ammonium ;  German,  Chlorammonium. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  97 

Description. —  Consists  of  whitish,  translucent  masses,  with  a 
fibrous,  crystalline  structure;  very  difficult  to  powder.  The  purified 
salt  forms  a  snow-white,  granular,  crystalline,  odorless  powder,  having 
a  sharp,  saline  taste.  It  is  soluble  in  3  parts  of  water  at  1 5°  C.  and 
sparingly  soluble  in  alcohol.  When  dissolved  in  water  a  considerable 
reduction  of  temperature  is  observed;  when  its  solution  is  heated 
with  potassium  hydroxid  or  with  calcium  oxid,  gaseous  ammonia 
is  evolved ;  with  silver  nitrate  it  gives  an  abundant,  curdy-white 
precipitate,  soluble  in  ammonia.  It  evaporates  completely  without 
fusing,  at  an  elevated  temperature,  and  on  cooling  is  condensed  again 
unchanged.  It  is  obtained  from  ammonia  and  hydrogen  chlorid. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  286. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  $:  -^  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions:   2x  with  distilled  water;   3x  and  higher,  with  dis*- 

pensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

All  preparations  of  this  salt  should  be  freshly  made. 

AMMONIUM  NITRICUM.  Ammonium  Nitrate. 

Ammonium  Nitrate* 

Chemical  Symbol. — NH4NO3;  79.9. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Ammonii  nitras,  Nitrum  flammans;  English, 
Nitrate  of  ammonium  ;  French,  Azotate  d'ammoniaque ;  German,  Salt- 
petersaures  Ammoniak. 

Description. —  Colorless,  hexagonal  prisms.  When  fused  it  forms 
colorless,  crystalline,  odorless  masses,  having  a  sharp,  bitter  taste.  It 
deliquesces  in  contact  with  moist  air,  and  is  soluble  at  ordinary 
temperature  in  half  its  weight  of  water  and  in  20  parts  of  alcohol ;  on 
heating,  its  solution  evolves  ammonia  and  acquires  an  acid  reaction. 
When  rapidly  heated  it  is  decomposed  into  water,  nitrous  acid,  and 
nitrogen,  or  into  nitrous  and  nitric  oxids,  ammonium  nitrite,  and 
ammonia ;  but  if  gradually  heated,  it  is  decomposed  into  water 
and  nitrous  oxid.  It  detonates  when  thrown  upon  red-hot  charcoal, 
and  is  volatilized  entirely  by  heat.  It  is  obtained  from  nitric  acid  and 
ammonia.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  305. 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 


PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <j>:  -£$  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:   ix  and  higher. 

All  preparations  of  this  salt  should  be  freshly  made. 

AMMONIUM  PHOSPHORICUM.     Ammonium  Phosphate. 
Ammonium  Phosphate* 

Chemical  Symbol.— (NH4)2HPO4;  131.82. 

Synonyms.— Latin,  Ammonii  phosphas,  Ammoniae  phosphas, 
Phosphas  ammonicus;  English,  Phosphate  of  ammonium,  Diammo- 
nium  orthophosphate ;  French,  Phosphate  d'ammoniaque ;  German, 
Phosphorsaures  Ammoniak. 

Description. —  Consists  of  transparent  prisms,  with  a  cooling,  saline 
taste.  It  effloresces  superficially  in  a  damp  atmosphere  through  loss 
of  ammonia.  Soluble  in  4  parts  of  water  at  common  temperature, 
insoluble  in  alcohol.  When  heated  it  fuses,  disengages  ammonia,  and 
at  a  red  heat  is  entirely  volatilized.  Wood  and  textile  fabrics  immersed 
in  its  aqueous  solution  and  then  dried  are  charred  by  heat  and  burn 
without  producing  any  flame.  It  is  obtained  by  neutralizing  a  solution 
of  phosphoric  acid  with  ammonia.  The  liquid  is  evaporated,  ammonia 
being  added  in  small  quantities  in  order  to  keep  trie  solution  faintly 
alkaline;  the  crystals  are  quickly  dried  and  preserved  in  well-closed 
vessels. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

AMMONIUM  PICRICUM.  Ammonium  Picrate. 

Ammonium  Picrate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C6H2(NO2)3ONH4  ;  245.58. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Ammonii  picras,  Ammonium  carbazoticum ; 
English,  Picrate  of  ammonium,  Carbazotate  of  ammonium;  French, 
Picrate  d'ammoniaque. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  99 

Description. —  Consists  of  bright-yellow  scales,  or  prisms,  having  an 
extremely  bitter  taste.     Partially  soluble  in  water,  slightly  soluble  in 

alcohol.     Quickly  exploded  by  percussion  or  heat. 

i 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 

As  all  picrates  are  very  explosive,  the  triturations  should  be  pre- 
pared in  small  quantities  and  with  great  care. 


AMMONIUM  VALERIANICUM.     Ammonium  Valerianate. 
Ammonium  Valerianate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NH4C5H9O2 ;  118.78. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ammonii  valerianas,  Valerianas  ammonicus; 
English,  Valerianate  of  ammonium;  French,  Valerianate  d'ammo- 
niaque;  German,  Ammoniumvalerianat. 

Description. —  Consists  of  snow-white,  or  colorless,  quadrangular 
plates,  emitting  the  odor  of  valerianic  acid,  and  having  a  sharp,  sweet 
taste.  Very  soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol,  ajso  soluble  in  ether.  Its 
aqueous  solution  is  neutral,  but  by  evaporation  it  turns  acid  through 
the  loss  of  ammonia ;  it  is  decomposed  by  alkalies,  producing  ammonia. 
By  treating  its  solution  with  strong  acids,  oily  valerianic  acid  is 
separated,  which  floats  on  the  surface  of  the  liquid.  Submitted  to 
heat,  the  greatest  part  volatilizes  without  decomposition,  but  a  small 
part  through  the  loss  of  ammonia  is  converted  into  an  acid  salt  before 
vaporization.  It  is  obtained  by  saturating  valerianic  acid  with  gaseous 
ammonia,  and  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

AMPELOPSIS  QUINQUEFOLIA.  American  Ivy. 

Natural  Order. — Vitaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ampelopsis  hederacea,  A.  heptaphylla,  A. 
hirsuta,  Cissus  hederacea,  Hedera  quinquefolia,  Quinaria  hederacea, 


IOO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Q.  hirsuta,  Vitis  hederacea,  V.  quinquef olia ;  English,  American  ivy, 
False  grape,  Five  leaves,  Virginia  creeper,  Wild-wood  vine,  Woodbine  ; 
French,  Vigne  vierge  ;  German,  Wilder  Wein. 

Description. — -A  woody  vine,  climbing  to  the  height  of  40  to  60 
feet  by  tendrils  with  an  adhesive  foot,  or  by  rootlets  as  well.  The 
digitate  oblong  leaves  have  five  coarsely  serrated  leaflets,  are  acuminate 
and  dentate,  with  smooth  surfaces,  turning  bright-crimson  in  autumn. 
The  cymose  flowers,  greenish-white,  appear  in  July.  The  calyx  is 
slightly  five-toothed  ;  the  corolla  of  five  concave  petals,  which  expand 
before  they  fall.  The  berries  are  small,  dark-blue,  and  ripen  in 
October. 

Habitat. — United  States,  in  woods,  thickets,  and  low,  rich  ground. 
Fig.,  Millspaugh,  40. 

History. —  Its  name  signifies  resemblance  to  a  vine,  as  from  its 
woody  stem  it  partakes  of  the  character  of  a  shrub.  It  was  introduced 
into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Hale  in  1866,  New  Remedies, 
2d  ed. 

Parts  Used. —  Fresh  bark  and  young  twigs. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Ampelopsis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 


AMYGDALA  AMARA.  Bitter  Almond 

Natural  Order. —  Rosaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Amygdalus    communis,    Prunus    amygdalus; 
English,  Bitter  almond ;  French,  Amandes ;  German,  Mandeln. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  IOI 

Description. —  The  almond  is  a  deciduous  tree,  15  feet  high,  with 
spreading  branches,  purplish-brown  wrinkled  bark;  the  leaves  are 
alternate,  stipulate,  oblong-lanceolate,  finely  serrate.  The  reddish, 
glabrous  flowers  are  sessile,  appearing  in  March  and  April.  The  fruit 
is  a  drupe  \y2  inches  long,  downy  when  young;  the  sarocarp  leathery, 
and  splitting  away  from  the  stone  when  ripe ;  endocarp  rugged  and 
furrowed,  smooth  within.  Solitary  seed,  I  inch  long,  compressed, 
pointed  at  the  top,  blunt  at  the  lower  end. 

Habitat. —  Southern  Asia,  the  Mediterranean,  and  warm  countries 
generally.  It  grows  wild  in  Sicily  and  Greece,  and  is  cultivated 
throughout  temperate  Europe.  Fig.,  Winkler,  20;  Jahr  and  Cat.  159; 
Goullon,  100;  Bent,  and  Trim.  99. 

History. —  There  is  no  structural  difference  between  the  sweet  and 
bitter  almond  ;  the  latter  is  somewhat  the  smaller.  Bitter  almonds 
were  used  in  medicine  during  the  middle  ages.  Mentioned  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  by  Hartlaub  and  Trinks,  1828,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  I.  145. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  306.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried,  ripe  seed-kernels. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  jfa. 

Amygdalus,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  5°° 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions  :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

AMYL  NITROSUM.  Amyl  Nitrite. 

Amyl  Nitrite. 

Chemical  Symbol.— CgH^NOa  ;  116.78. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Amyl  nitris,  Amylium  nitrosum,  Amylaether 
nitrosus;  English,  Nitrite  of  amyl,  Amylo-nitrous  ether;  French, 
Azotite  d'amyl ;  German,  Amylnitrit. 


IO2  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  straw-yellow,  ethereal  liquid,  having  a  fruity  odor 
and  an  aromatic  taste,  boiling  at  98°  C,  and  burning  with  a  yellowish 
and  smoky  flame.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  but  very  soluble  in  alcohol. 
On  exposure  to  air  and  light  it  becomes  acid,  and  must  therefore  be 
kept  in  small,  well-closed  bottles,  stored  in  cool,  dark  places,  or  in 
small  glass  tubes,  hermetically  sealed.  The  commercial  article  con- 
tains about  80  per  cent  of  amyl  nitrite.  It  is  obtained  by  directing 
nitrous  vapors  into  isoamylic  alcohol,  or  by  distilling  a  mixture  of 
potassium  nitrite,  isoamylic  alcohol,  and  dilute  sulfuric  acid ;  it  is  very 
volatile  at  ordinary  temperature  and  inflammable.  It  should  be  kept 
in  dark-colored  and  glass-stoppered  vials,  in  a  cool,  dark  place,  away 
from  lights  and  fire.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  309. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  :    T^  in  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 


ANACARDIUM  ORIENTALS  Marking  Nut. 

Natural  Order. — Anacardiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Anacardium  latifolium,  A.  officinarum,  Avi- 
cennia  tomentosa,  Semecarpus  anacardium;  English,  Marking  nut; 
French,  Acajou  a  pommes ;  German,  Caschunuss. 

Description. —  Semecarpus  anacardium  is  an  evergreen  tree,  20  feet 
high,  with  rough,  ash-colored  bark  and  numerous  spreading  branches ; 
the  leaves  are  petiolate,  alternate,  about  18  inches  long,  and  4  or  5 
broad.  The  flowers  are  small,  and  of  a  green-yellow  color.  The  fruit  is 
borne  on  a  pear-shaped  receptacle,  and  ripens  in  January  or  February. 
It  is  a  blackish-brown,  heart-shaped  nut,  with  a  somewhat  reddish 
tinge,  containing  a  corrosive,  resinous  juice  in  cells,  between  the  hard 
outer  shell  and  the  sweet  kernel.  The  juice  is  at  first  of  a  light  color, 
of  the  consistency  of  honey,  becoming  blackish-brown  and  drying.  It 
is  not  soluble  in  water,  and  only  so  in  alcohol  after  it  has  been  made 
alkaline. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  the  East  Indies,  found  in  the  dry,  mountainous 
forests  of  Asia.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  27;  Winkler,  128;  Jahr  and 
Cat.  1 60. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  IO3 

History. —  The  name  signifies  being  without  a  heart,  as  the  pulp  of 
the  fruit,  instead  of  having  the  seed  enclosed,  has  the  nut  growing  out 
of  the  end  of  it.  This  is  not  to  be  confounded  with  cashew  nut  (A. 
occidentale),  which  is  lighter  colored  and  kidney-shaped,  instead  of 
heart-shaped.  The  juice  produces  an  inflammation  of  the  skin,  and 
hence  should  be  carefully  handled.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  litera- 
ture, Hahnemann's  Chronic  Diseases.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I. 
312.] 

Part  Used. —  The  resinous  juice  contained  in  the  seed. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher,  from  the  resinous  juice. 


ANAGALLIS  ARVENSIS.  Scarlet  Pimpernel. 

Natural  Order. —  Primulaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Anagallis  ccerulea,  A.  phcenicea;  English, 
Common  pimpernel,  Poor  man's  or  shepherd's  hour,  weather,  or  water 
glass,  Scarlet  pimpernel,  Red  chicken-weed ;  French,  Mouron  rouge ; 
German,  Gauchheil. 

Description. — A  trailing,  annual  plant,  with  stem  6  to  20  inches 
long,  more  or  less  procumbent,  square,  glabrous,  and  branching;  the 
leaves  are  opposite,  entire,  ovate,  and  sessile,  dotted  on  the  under 
surface.  The  flowers  are  small,  opposite,  with  pedicel  longer  than  the 
leaves ;  calyx  and  corolla  both  five-parted.  They  appear  from  June 
to  August,  in  color  varying,  being  scarlet,  purple,  blue,  or  white. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa,  naturalized  in  the 
United  States,  and  found  in  waste  places  along  both  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  coasts.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  108. 

History. — The  name  signifies  to  laugh,  expressing  the  qualities  of 
the  plant,  which  according  to  Pliny  and  Dioscorides,  removed  obstruc- 
tions of  the  liver,  and  thereby  a  cause  of  despondency.  Opening  and 
closing  its  flowers  daily  at  regular  hours,  and  not  opening,  but  closing> 
if  there  be  much  moisture  in  the  atmosphere,  gave  it  one  of  its 
common  names.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  literature  in 
1846  by  Dr.  Schreter,  N.  Archiv.  III.  3,  174.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  I.  329.] 


IO4  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  plant  of  the  scarlet  variety. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Anagallis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ANATHERUM  MURICATUM.  Vetiver. 

Natural  Order. —  Gramineae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Andropogon  muricatus,  A.  squarrosus,  Phalaris 
zizanoides,  Vetiveria  odorata,  Virana ;  Vernacular,  Bena,  Cuscus,  Khus 
khus,  Vittie  vayr,  Woetiwear. 

Description. —  Andropogon  muricatus  is  a  large  grass,  with  a 
fibrous  root.  The  spikelets  are  in  pairs,  the  terminal  ones  in  threes, 
one  being  complete  and  awned,  the  other  one  or  two  sterile,  awnless. 

Habitat. —  It  grows  abundantly  in  moist  ground  throughout  India 
and  Bengal. 

History. — The  derivation  means  bread  and  man.  It  is  largely  used 
in  India  for  tatties  or  coverings  for  bamboo  door  and  window  screens  on 
account  of  its  odor,  especially  when  moistened,  as  it  not  only  cools  but 
gives  a  fragrance  to  the  hot  wind.  The  root  has  been  used  in  medi- 
cine since  the  time  of  Dioscorides.  In  1837  it  was  worn  in  Paris  as  a 
cholera  prophylactic.  Its  use  is  now  almost  exclusively  confined  to 
perfumery.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  L.  Houat. 
Translated  from  Nouv.  Donn.  in  N.  A.  J.  H.  XVIII.  176,  Nov.  1869. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  330.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  IO5 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincttire  <£ :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Anastherum,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications;  ix  and  higher. 


ANGUSTURA.  Cuspari  Bark. 

Natural  Order. —  Rutaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Angustura  cusparia,  A.  vera,  Augustura, 
Bonplandia  angostura,  B.  trifoliata,  China  amara  aromatica,  Cusparia 
febrifuga,  C.  trifoliata,  Galipea  cusparia,  G.  febrifuga,  G.  officinalis; 
English,  Angustura,  or  cuspari  bark;  French,  Ecorce  d'angusture; 
German,  Angustura-Rinde. 

Description. — A  small  tree,  15  feet  high,  its  slender  trunk  consider- 
ably branched,  bark  smooth,  gray ;  the  leaves  are  alternate,  smooth, 
trifoliate,  leaflets  sessile,  or  nearly  so.  The  white  flowers  are  large,  on 
short,  thick,  densely  pubescent  stalks,  appearing  in  August  and 
September,  the  fruit  ripening  in  October  and  November.  The 
flowers  and  foliage  have  a  peculiar,  unpleasant  odor.  The  bark  is 
straight,  flattish,  more  or  less  curved,  or  in  quills,  6  inches  long  and 
i  inch  wide,  not  exceeding  y&  inch  thick.  It  is  covered  by  a  yellowish- 
green,  or  brownish-mottled,  somewhat  corky  layer,  which  may  be 
scraped  off  with  the  nail,  and  the  exposed  surface  then  presents  a  dark- 
brown,  resinous  appearance.  The  inner  surface  is  yellowish-brown, 
readily  separable  into  layers ;  it  breaks  with  a  short,  resinous  fracture. 
The  exposed  surface,  under  the  microscope,  shows  minute  white 
points,  or  lines.  It  has  a  bitter,  feebly  pungent,  or  somewhat  aro- 
matic taste,  and  a  peculiar,  disagreeable,  musty  odor. 

Habitat. — The  eastern  part  of  Venezuela  on  rich  soil,  from  600 
to  looo  feet  above  the  sea.  It  extends  to  New  Granada,  but  not 
to  Brazil.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  31  ;  Jahr.  and  Cat.  162;  Bent,  and 
Trim.  43. 


IO6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Introduced  into  Spain  as  a  medicine  in  1759,  and  the 
rest  of  Europe  in  1788.  It  took  its  present  name  from  the  town  of 
Angostura.  In  the  beginning  of  the  century  a  quantity  of  bark 
reached  Europe  from  India,  mistaken  for  cuspari,  which  turned  out  to 
be  that  of  strychnos  nux  vomica,  causing  great  alarm,  and  the  pro- 
hibition for  a  time  of  the  true  bark.  The  false  bark  has  no  odor,  but 
a  pure,  intensely  bitter  taste,  no  white  spots,  and  when  touched  with 
nitric  acid  the  fractured  surface  assumes  an  arterial,  blood-red  color, 
while  the  true  bark  has  a  dull,  purplish  color.  The  suberous  layer  of 
the  false  bark  is  colored  emerald  green  by  nitric  acid,  while  that  of  the 
true  is  not  acted  on.  Introduced  by  Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L.  VI. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  344.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Angustura,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations  :  ix  and  higher. 

ANBLINUM.  Anilin. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C6H7N  ;  92.83. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Anilina,  Amidobenzol ;  English,  Phenylamine, 
Anilin  oil ;  French,  Aniline  ;  German,  Anilin. 

Description. —  A  colorless  oily  liquid,  turning  red  on  exposure  to 
air,  having  a  burning,  aromatic  taste,  and  a  peculiar,  fishy  odor. 
Sparingly  soluble  in  water — i  to  -^ —  but  freely  soluble  in  alcohol 
and  ether.  It  dissolves  sulfur,  caoutchine,  gum-copal,  indigo,  etc., 
and  coagulates  albumin.  Although  its  basic  properties  are  stronger 
than  those  of  ammonia,  its  reaction  is  not  alkaline.  It  is  congealed 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  IO7 

by  cold.  Anilin  and  many  oxidizing  agents  give  intensely  colored 
products.  The  reaction  with  calcium  hypochlorite,  which  is  character- 
istic, gives  a  violet  color,  readily  turning  to  brown.  Most  of  its  salts 
crystallize  easily.  It  is  obtained  when  nitrobenzil  is  brought  into  con- 
tact with  nascent  hydrogen.  Anilinum  changes  readily  on  exposure 
to  light,  turning  yellow  and  finally  brown  with  age.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  357. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  -fa  in  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 

Should  be  kept  in  glass-stoppered  vials,  protected  from  the  light. 

ANILINUM  SULPHURICUM.  Anilin  Sulfate. 

Anilinum  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— (C6H5NH2)SO4H2;  283.48. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Anilini  sulphas;  English,  Sulfate  of  anilin, 
Phenylamin  sulfate. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless  crystals,  easily  soluble  in  water, 
less  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  is  not  decomposed  at  a  temperature  of 
1 00°  C.,  but  at  an  increased  heat,  splits  into  water  and  anilin,  and  is 
converted  into  phenylsulfomic  acid ;  at  a  still  higher  temperature  it 
gives  off  sulfurous  anhydrid  and  anilin  sulfite,  leaving  a  residue  of 
carbon.  It  is  obtained  from  anilin  and  sulfuric  acid.  Should  be  kept 
in  well-stoppered  vials,  protected  from  the  light. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

ANTHEMIS  NOBILIS.  Chamomilc. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Anthemis  aurea,  Chamomilla  nobilis,  Ormenis 
nobilis ;  English,  Chamomile,  common,  officinal,  Roman,  or  true  cham- 
omile  ;  French,  Chamomille  romaine  ;  German,  Romische  Kamille. 

Description. — A  perennial  herb,  with  a  small,  branched  rhizome, 
and  numerous,  sterile,  recumbent,  and  fertile  ascending  pubescent 
stems  6  to  12  inches  long,  with  numerous  hairy  branches.  The  leaves 


IO8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

I  to  2  inches  long,  are  greenish-gray,  alternate,  sessile,  bi-  or  tri- 
pinnatifid.  The  heads  are  ^  inch  wide,  few,  on  long,  terminal,  pubes- 
cent peduncles.  The  numerous  disk  flowers  are  convex,  polygamous, 
with  yellow,  tubular  corollas.  The  ray  flowers,  twelve  to  twenty,  are 
fertile,  with  white,  oblong,  oval  corollas.  The  flowers  appear  from 
June  to  September.  Single  and  double  flowers  are  obtained  by 
cultivation. 

Habitat. —  Rather  common  in  England,  growing  on  heaths,  com- 
mons, roadsides,  and  similar  places ;  also  in  France,  Spain,  and  Italy, 
somewhat  naturalized  in  some  of  the  Southern  States.  Fig.,  Goullon, 
142  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  154;  Millspaugh,  84. 

History. —  It  has  been  used  as  a  domestic  remedy  since  the  six- 
teenth century.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1869  by 
Dr.  Berridge,  Month.  Horn.  Rev.  XIII.  475.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  I.  358.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant  beginning  to  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Anthemis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ANTHOXANTHUM  ODORATUM.    Sweet  Vernal  Grass. 
Natural  Order. —  Gramineae. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  culm  10  to  18 
inches  high ;  the  spikes  ovate,  oblong.  The  spikelets  are  brownish- 
green,  three-flowered,  spreading  at  flowering  from  May  to  July.  The 
lateral  flowers,  consisting  of  one  palea,  hairy  on  the  outside  and 
awned  on  the  back,  are  neutral.  One  of  the  neutral  flowers  bears  a 
bent  awn  from  near  its  base,  the  other  is  short-awned  below  the  tip. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  IOQ 

The  central  terminal  flower,  the  smaller  of  two  awnless  paleae,  is  per- 
fect. Glumes  are  very  thin,  acute,  keeled,  the  upper  about  as  long  as 
the  flowers  and  twice  the  length  of  the  lower. 

Habitat. —  Naturalized  from  Europe.     It  is  found  throughout  the 
United  States  in  meadows,  pastures,  etc.     It  has  a  very  fragrant  odor. 
Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Anthoxanthum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  i5oCc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  100 

Strong  alcohol,  777  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

ANTIMONIUM  ARSENIdCUM.  Antimonious  Arsenate. 
Antimonium  Arseniate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  SbAsO4  ;  259. 

Description. —  A  heavy,  snow-white  powder,  containing  56  per  cent 
of  antimonium  oxid  and  44  per  cent  of  ansenic  acid.  A  poison. 
Maximum  dose  -^  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

ANTIMONIUM  CRUDUM.  Antimonious  SulficL 

Antimonium  Crude. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Sb2S3  ;  335.14. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Antimonii  sulphidum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum, 
Antimonium  sulphuratum,  Antimonium  nigrum,  Stibium  sulfuratum 
nigrum,  Sulfuretum  stibicum  ;  English,  Sulphide  of  antimony,  Tri- 
sulphide  of  antimony,  Black  sulfid  of  antimony;  French,  Sulfure 
d'antimoine;  German,  Schwefelspiessglanz. 


IIO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  fused  mass,  which  when  broken  presents  a  striated, 
crystalline  texture,  having  a  lead-gray  metallic  brilliancy ;  when  pul- 
verized, it  is  of  an  iron-gray  color.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  but  dis- 
solves in  hot,  concentrated,  hydrochloric  acid,  with  production  of 
hydrogen  sulfid ;  this  solution,  dropped  into  water,  produces  an 
abundant  white  precipitate,  soluble  in  tartaric  acid.  Heated  on 
charcoal  it  fuses,  emitting  abundant  white  fumes,  and  the  odor  of 
sulfur  dioxid.  Found  in  nature,  and  before  purification  it  often  con- 
tains sulfids  of  iron,  lead,  copper,  and  arsenic.  It  is  purified  by 
fusion,  being  more  fusible  than  the  sulfids  to  which  it  is  allied. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  363. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

ANTIMONIUM  IODATUM.  Antimonious  lodid, 

Antimonium  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  SbI3;  499.19. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Antimonii  iodidum  ;  English,  Iodide  of  anti- 
mony. 

Description. —  A  dark-red  substance,  decomposed  by  water,  forming 
an  oxi-iodid,  obtained  by  gently  heating  antimony  and  iodin  in  a  dry 
flask.  The  elements  suddenly  combine,  liquefy,  and  on  cooling  again 
become  solid.  It  is  removed  by  breaking  the  flask.  It  should  be 
kept  in  a  glass-stoppered  bottle,  protected  from  the  light. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made  and  protected  from 
light  and  air. 

ANTIMONIUM  OXYDATUM.  Antimonious  Oxid. 

Antimonium  Oxid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Sb2O3  ;  287.08. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Antimonii  oxidum,  Stibium  oxydatum,  Oxy- 
dum  antimonicum ;  English,  Oxide  of  antimony ;  French,  Oxyde 
d'antimoine ;  German,  Antimonoxyd. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  1  I  I 

Description. —  Heavy,  white  or  grayish-white  crystalline  powder, 
slightly  soluble  in  water,  insoluble  in  alcohol.  When  heated  in  air  it 
turns  yellow,  takes  fire,  or  is  converted  into  the  tetroxid  Sb2O4. 
When  heated  with  carbon  it  is  reduced  into  brittle,  metallic  antimony. 
It  is  dissolved  by  hydrochloric  acid,  and  when  this  solution  is  poured 
into  water  it  produces  a  white  precipitate.  It  is  obtained  by  the 
combustion  of  antimony  in  air,  or  by  the  decomposition  of  antimony 
chlorid  in  aqueous  solution  by  sodium  carbonate.  It  is  also  found  in 
nature  as  white  antimony  ore.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
I.  376- 
PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

ANTIMONIUM  SULPHURATUM  AURATUM. 
Antimonium  Sulfid  (golden).     Antimonious  Sulfid  (yellow). 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Sb2S3 ;  335.14. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Antimonii  oxysulphuretum,  Antimonii  sul- 
phuretum  aureum  ;  French,  Sulfure  d'antimoine  pre"cipte"  ;  German, 
Gefalltes  Schwefelantimon. 

Description. —  An  amorphous,  orange-colored  powder,  odorless  and 
tasteless,  gradually  losing  its  color  by  the  action  of  air  and  light.  It 
is  insoluble  in  water  or  alcohol.  Heated  in  a  dry,  glass  tube,  it  splits 
into  sulfur,  which  is  volatilized  with  a  residuum  of  black,  antimonious 
sulfid.  Heated  on  charcoal  it  burns  with  a  pale-blue  flame,  emitting 
the  odor  of  sulfur  dioxid  and  producing  a  white  coating  on  the  char- 
coal. Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  377. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  i  x  and  higher. 

APIS  MELLIFICA.  Honey  Bee. 

Natural  Order. —  Hymenoptera. 
Family. — Apidae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  The  common  hive  bee;  Frencli,  Abeille; 
German,  Honig  Biene. 


112  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  The  genus  Apis  is  of  European  origin  and  is  widely 
distributed  throughout  the  civilized  world.  The  swarms  consist  of 
the  queen  bee,  several  hundred  drones,  and  ten  thousand  or  more 
workers.  The  queen  bees  are  the  only  perfectly  developed  females. 
The  drones  are  males ;  the  workers,  females.  The  eyes  of  the  male 
are  united  above,  the  mouth  parts  are  nearly  aborted,  and  the  hind 
legs  are  smooth.  There  are  two  paraglossae  on  the  ligula  in  the 
female,  and  the  maxillary  palpi  are  one-jointed.  The  shorter  abdo- 
men of  the  female  marks  the  external  difference  from  the  male. 
This  species  is  without  terminal  spurs  on  the  hind  legs.  Only  the 
queens  and  workers  have  the  poison-apparatus,  commonly  called  the 
sting. 

Part  Used. —  The  live  bees. 

Preparation. —  Place  live  bees  in  a  clean,  wide-mouthed,  stoppered 
bottle.  After  irritating  them  by  shaking,  the  menstruum  should  be 
poured  in  and  the  whole  allowed  to  macerate  for  ten  days,  being 
shaken  twice  daily.  The  resulting  tincture  should  be  poured  off  and 
filtered.  The  bees  should  not  be  pressed.  The  contents  of  the  poison 
sac  only  is  desired,  but  the  tincture  takes  up  in  solution  much  of  the 
animal  fluids,  besides  honey  from  the  abdomen  and  pollen  adhering 
to  the  antennae.  The  drug  strength  of  the  tincture  varies,  depending 
on  the  season  of  the  year  when  the  bees  are  secured.  When  they  are 
dormant,  their  poison  is  supposed  to  be  less  virulent.  The  tincture 
in  drug  strength  is  but  little  in  excess  of  the  third  decimal  tritura- 
tion  of  Apis  virus.  (See  "Apis  Virus.") 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture. 

Apis  mellifica,  containing  solids  100  Gm.,  moisture  150  Cc.  =    250 
Glycerin,  225  Cc. 

Distilled  water,  225  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  425  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,    with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  113 

APIS  VIRUS.  Honey  Bee  Poison. 

Synonyms. —  Apium  virus,  Bee  sting. 

Description. — This  poison  is  secreted  in  two  poison  glands,  com- 
posed of  long,  ramose  tubes,  their  minute  structure  resembling  that 
of  the  salivary  glands.  The  virus  is  poured  into  a  pyriform  sac, 
lodged  near  the  base  of  the  sting,  which  is  provided  with  a  special 
muscular  apparatus  for  its  sudden  extension  and  withdrawal.  The 
poison  is  thin  and  transparent,  mixes  readily  with  water  or  glycerin, 
and  with  alcohol  gives  a  considerable  precipitate.  Its  active  principle 
is  formic  acid.  About  20  grains  (il/3  gms.)  of  poison  may  be  obtained 
from  looo  bees,  which  will  weigh  from  2  to  4  ounces ;  1000  of  the 
poison  sacs,  including  contents,  weighing  but  33  grains.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  400. 

Part  Used. —  The  poison. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Trituration  :  2x  T^,  using  500  bee  stings  to  67  gms.  (1000  grains) 
of  milk  sugar.  The  darts  and  most  of  the  sheaths  may  be  removed 
from  the  trituration  as  soon  as  the  virus  has  been  fully  incorporated 
into  the  sugar. 

Triturations :  3x  and  higher. 

The  third  decimal  trituration  very  nearly  equals  in  drug  strength 
the  strong  tincture  of  Apis  mellifica. 

APOCYNUM  ANDROS^EMIFOLIUM. 

Spreading  Dog's-bane. 
Natural  Order. — Apocynaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  American  ipecac,  Bitter  root,  Catch  fly, 
Dog's-bane,  Fever  twig,  Fly-trap,  Honey  bloom,  Ipecac  milk,  Milk- 
weed, Spreading  dog's-bane,  Wandering  milkweed. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb  2  to  3  feet  high;  stem 
branching  at  the  top;  the  root  a  long  rhizome,  from  %  to  ^  inch 
thick.  It  has  pale,  brownish,  wrinkled,  transversely  fissured  bark; 
the  surface  smooth  or  downy.  The  leaves  are  2  to  3  inches  long  and 
two  thirds  as  wide ;  opposite,  ovate,  petiolate,  dark-green  above,  paler 
and  downy  underneath.  The  flowers  are  pale  rose  colored  or  white, 


114  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

appearing  from  June  to  September  in  terminal,  smooth,  nodding  cymes, 
loose-spreading.  The  fruit  is  in  the  form  of  two  pendent  pods,  3  to  4 
inches  long.  The  seeds  are  many  and  oblong. 

Habitat. —  Borders  of  thickets.  Common  in  hedges  and  fields  from 
Maine  to  Florida,  in  dry,  sandy  soil.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  132. 

History. —  Both  plant  and  root  abound  in  a  milky  juice.  It  yields 
its  properties  to  alcohol,  and  particularly  water.  Its  virtues  are 
impaired  by  age.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1844  by 
Attomyr,  N.  Arch.  I.  I,  181,  and  by  Dr.  J.  H.  Henry,  1854,  Phil.  J.  of 
Horn.  III.  368.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  424.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :     Drug  strength  ^. 

Apocynum   androsaemifolium,   moist   magma    containing 

solids  100  Gm.,  plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM.  Indian  Hemp. 

Natural  Order. — Apocynaceas. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Apocynum  hypericifolium,  A.  pubescens,  A. 
sibiricum ;  English,  Dog's-bane,  Indian  hemp ;  French,  Chanvre  du 
Canada ;  German,  Canadische  Hanfwurzel. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  resembling  the  A.  andro- 
saemifolium, with  a  creeping  root  and  a  straight  stem  2  to  4  feet  high, 
dividing  above  in  long,  slender  branches.  The  leaves  opposite,  petio- 
late,  mucronate,  when  young  downy  beneath,  2  to  3  inches  long,  and 
finch  broad.  The  flowers  are  greenish-white  and  appear  from  June  to 
September  in  terminal  and  lateral  cymes.  Calyx  divisions  as  long  as 
corolla  tube;  corolla  tube  bell-form.  The  fruit  is  in  pods  3  to  5 
inches  long,  slender  and  pendulous. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  115 

Habitat. —  Borders  of  thickets.  Common  in  hedges  and  fields  from 
Maine  to  Florida,  in  dry,  sandy  soil ;  also  common  on  river  banks  or 
banks  of  streams,  and  moist  grounds.  The  different  varieties  run  into 
one  another.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  133. 

History. —  The  Indians  prepare  a  substitute  for  hemp  from  its 
fibre,  hence  one  of  its  common  names.  It  is  replete  with  milky  juice, 
which  becomes  hard  like  opium  on  exposure  to  the  air.  It  was  intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Hale  in  1864,  New  Rem. 
ist  ed.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  425.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  T1^. 

Apocynum  cannabinum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100 

Gm.,  plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with    dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


APOMORPHINUM  MURIATICUM. 

Apomorphinum  Muriate.  Apomorphin  Hydrochloric!, 

Chemical  Symbol.— C17H17NO2HC1 ;  302.79. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Apomorphinse  hydrochloras,  Apomorphinum 
hydrochloricum,  Apomorphia ;  English,  Hydrochlorate  or  hydro- 
chloride  of  apomorphia,  Muriate  of  apomorphia,  Apomorphin ; 
French,  Chlorhydrate  d'apomorphine ;  German,  Apomorphin  Hydro- 
chlorat. 

Description. —  Consists  of  small,  white,  shining  crystals,  without 
odor,  turning  green  when  exposed  to  air,  and  having  a  faintly  bitter 
taste.  Soluble  in  about  45  parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  and  in  45  parts  of 
alcohol.  It  is  decomposed  when  heated  to  100°  C. ;  in  aqueous  solu- 
tion, at  the  same  temperature,  decomposition  is  more  rapid.  When 


Il6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

the  aqueous  solution  is  gently  warmed,  it  turns  green.  Sodium 
carbonate  produces  a  white  precipitate  in  its  solutions,  which  turns 
green  on  exposure  to  air ;  it  turns  blood-red  with  nitric  acid  and  is 
soluble  in  an  excess  of  a  solution  of  sodium  hydrate  with  a  purple 
color,  which  after  a  while  turns  black.  It  is  obtained  by  heating 
morphin  in  a  sealed  tube  with  an  excess  of  hydrochloric  acid  for  2  to 
3  hours,  at  a  temperature  of  140°  to  i5o°C.  Should  be  kept  well- 
stoppered  and  in  a  dark  place.  Maximum  dose  as  an  emetic  ^  grain. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  427. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

ARALIA  QUINQUEFOLIA.  Ginseng. 

Natural  Order. —  Araliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Aralia  canadensis,  A.  quinquefolia,  Aureliana 
canadensis,  Ginseng  quinquefolium,  Panax  americanum,  P.  ginseng,  P. 
quinquefolium ;  English  and  Vernacular,  Chinese  physic,  Five-fingers, 
Garantogen,  Gensang,  Ninsin,  Red  berry,  Tartar  root. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  perennial  herb  with  a  large,  generally 
fleshy,  fusiform  root,  terminating  in  fibres,  sometimes  branched,  on 
the  larger  end  of  which  is  an  irregular,  cylindrical,  knotty  portion, 
narrower  at  its  junction  with  the  main  root,  showing  scars  of  stems. 
Both  parts  are  wrinkled  transversely  above,  and  sparsely  so  below. 
The  stem  is  simple,  erect,  i  foot  high.  The  leaves  are  ternate  or 
quinately  lobed ;  the  leaflets  obovate,  thin,  acuminate,  serrate,  and  in 
two  sets,  three  large  and  two  small,  all  long  petioled.  The  flowers, 
light-yellow,  appear  in  June  and  July  in  terminal  peduncled  umbels. 

Habitat. —  Northern,  Middle,  and  Western  United  States;  found 
in  rich,  cool  woods.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  212;  Millspaugh,  70. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  pan,  all,  and  akos,  a  remedy,  con- 
sidered a  panacea  by  the  Chinese  from  time  immemorial.  It  is  largely 
exported  to  China,  and  similar  to  if  not  identical  with  the  species  of 
that  country.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  literature  in  1836, 
a  proving  by  Dr.  Jouve,  Bib.  Horn.  d.  Gen.,  Dec.  1836.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  IV.  415.] 

Part  Used. —  The  freshly  dried  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  117 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> ;  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Ginseng,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


ARALIA  RACEMOSA.  Spikenard. 

Natural  Order. — Araliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Berry-bearing  aralia,  Petty  morrel,  Spike- 
nard ;  French,  Nard  americain ;  German,  Amerikanische  Narde. 

Description. —  Perennial,  deciduous  herb  with  an  aromatic  root  and 
stem  3  to  5  feet  high,  smooth  and  widely  branched ;  the  leaves  large, 
bi-ternate  and  pinnate,  with  ovate,  serrate,  slightly  downy  leaflets. 
The  flowers  are  small,  umbelliferous  and  racemose,  appearing  in  July. 

Habitat. —  Rocky  woods  in  North  America.     Fig.,  Millspaugh,  69. 
History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1867  by  Dr. 
Hale,  New  Remedies,  2d  ed. 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  Y1^. 

Aralia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  870  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ARANEA  DIADEMA.  Diadem  Spider. 

Order. — Araneidea. 
Family. —  Epeiridae. 


Il8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Epeira  diadema;  English,  Diadem  spider, 
Papal-cross  spider ;  French,  Araigne"e  a  croix  papule ;  German,  Kreutz 
Spinne. 

Description. —  This  spider  is  readily  distinguished  from  others  of  its 
species  by  its  large  globular  abdomen.  Its  mandibles  are  used  exclu- 
sively for  biting.  The  head  thorax  is  attached  to  the  abdomen  by  a 
slender  pedicel.  Respiration  is  carried  on  by  both  the  lungs  and  the 
trachea.  The  abdomen,  which  is  not  divided  into  segments,  is  often 
as  large  as  a  small  nut.  A  longitudinal  line  of  yellow  and  white  spots 
traverses  the  back,  and  is  crossed  by  three  similar  lines.  The  web  is 
composed  of  spiral  threads,  crossed  by  other  threads  radiating  from  a 
center.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  433. 

Habitat. —  Europe  and  America,  in  stables  and  old  walls,  etc. 
Parts  Used. — The  entire  animal. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> ;  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Aranea  diadema,  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  724  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


ARGENTUM  CYANATUM.  Argentum  Cyanid. 

Argentum  Cyanid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  AgCy;  133.64. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Argenti  cyanidum  ;  English,  Cyanide  of  silver, 
Cyanuret  of  silver ;  French,  Cyanure  d'argent ;  German,  Silbercyanid. 

Description. — A  white,  amorphous,  odorless,  tasteless  powder, 
turning  brown  on  exposure  to  light  and  air.  Insoluble  in  water  or 
alcohol,  soluble  in  potassium  cyanid,  ammonia,  and  sodium  hyposulfite. 
When  heated  it  fuses,  gives  off  cyanogen,  and  leaves  metallic  silver. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


It  is  acted  upon  by  boiling  nitric  acid,  with  the  production  of  hydro- 
gen cyanid.  Is  prepared  from  silver  nitrate  and  potassium  ferro- 
cyanid.  This  salt  should  be  kept  in  dark  amber-colored  vials  away 
from  the  light.  A  poison  :  Maximum  dose  -fa  grain.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  452. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher  ;  to  be  protected  from  light. 

ARGENTUM  IODATUM.  Argentum  Iodid. 

Argentum  Iodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Agl ;  234.19. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Argenti  iodidum ;  English,  Iodide  of  silver; 
French,  lodure  d'argent;  German,  Silberjodid. 

Description. — An  amorphous,  light-yellow,  odorless,  tasteless  pow- 
der, turning  a  greenish-yellow  when  impure  on  exposure  to  light. 
Insoluble  in  water  or  alcohol,  soluble  in  about  2500  parts  of  stronger 
ammonia  water.  At  a  temperature  of  about  400°  C.  it  melts  to  a 
dark-red  liquid,  which  solidifies  on  the  withdrawal  of  heat  to  a  yellow, 
slightly  translucent  mass.  It  is  dissolved  by  both  the  cyanid  and 
iodid  of  potassium,  and  is  decomposed  by  chlorin.  It  is  obtained 
from  silver  nitrate  and  potassium  iodid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

Preparations  of  this  salt  should  be  protected  from  light  and  air. 

ARGENTUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Silver. 

Argentum. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Ag;   107.66. 

Synonyms. — English,  Silver ;  French,  Argent ;  German,  Silber. 

Description. —  A  white,  brilliant,  tenacious,  ductile  metal,  tasteless 
and  odorless.  Insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol ;  soluble  with  nitric  acid, 
the  solution  giving  a  heavy,  white,  curdy  precipitate  with  aqueous  solu- 


I2O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

tions  of  chlorids.  It  melts  at  a  white  heat,  and  absorbs  oxygen,  which 
is  liberated  when  cooling,  forming  excrescences  on  the  surface  of  the 
metal.  Argentum  does  not  oxidize  in  air,  but  is  quickly  tarnished  by 
hydrogen  sulfid.  It  can  be  distilled  at  a  temperature  of  about  2800° 
C.  It  is  extracted  from  native  silver  ores.  It  is  obtained  as  a  black 
powder  by  the  calcination  of  any  organic  silver  salt,  or  in  minute  crys- 
tals by  the  decomposition  of  its  neutral  solutions  by  means  of  certain 
metals,  such  as  copper  and  zinc.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
I.  436. 
PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations ;  ix  and  higher. 

ARGENTUM  MURIATICUM.  Argentum  Chlorid. 

Argentum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol. — AgCl;  143.03. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Argenti  chloridum ;  English,  Chloride  of  silver ; 
French,  Chlorure  d'argent ;  German,  Silberchlorid. 

Description.— A  white,  amorphous  powder,  odorless  and  tasteless, 
turning  black  on  exposure  to  light.  Insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 
It  is  dissolved  in  aqueous  ammonia,  and  is  reprecipitated  from  its 
solution  when  the  ammonia  is  neutralized  with  an  acid.  When  sub- 
mitted to  heat,  it  fuses,  and  on  cooling  solidifies  in  transparent, 
yellowish  plates.  It  has  the  property  of  absorbing  large  quantities  of 
ammonia  gas.  It  is  reduced  into  metallic  silver  when  in  contact  with 
nascent  hydrogen.  It  is  obtained  from  silver  nitrate  and  sodium 
chlorid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  452. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Ttiturations:  ix  and  higher,  freshly  prepared. 

ARGENTUM  NITRICUM.  Argentum  Nitrate. 

Argentum  Nitrate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  AgNO3 ;  169.55. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Argenti  nitras ;  English,  Nitrate  of  silver; 
French,  Azotate  d'argent ;  German,  Silbernitrat. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  121 

Description. —  Consists  of  shining,  colorless,  odorless,  tabular, 
rhombic  crystals,  with  a  burning,  strong  metallic  taste.  Soluble  at 
15°  C.  in  0.6  parts  of  water,  also  in  2.6  parts  of  alcohol.  It  stains  the 
skin  black.  Fused  by  the  action  of  heat,  it  solidifies  on  cooling ;  at  a 
red  heat  it  is  decomposed,  leaving  metallic  silver.  With  sodium  chlorid 
its  aqueous  solution  gives  an  abundant  white  precipitate  of  silver 
chlorid,  soluble  in  ammonia.  It  is  obtained  from  silver  and  nitric 
acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  436. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f> :  ^  with  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water. 
Preparations  of  this  salt  should  be  kept  in  glass-stoppered  bottles. 

ARGENTUM  OXYDATUM.  Argentum  Oxid. 

Argentum  Oxid. 

Chemical  Symbol — Ag2O;  231.28. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Argenti  oxidum,  Oxidum  argenticum  ;  English, 
Oxide  of  silver ;  French,  Oxyde  d'argent ;  German,  Silberoxyd. 

Description. —  A  dark-greenish  powder,  odorless,  having  a  strong 
metallic  taste.  Only  slightly  soluble  in  water,  I  part  requiring  3000 
parts ;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  It  decomposes  slowly  when  exposed  to 
light ;  at  a  red  heat  gives  metallic  silver.  Its  aqueous  solution  is 
alkaline.  It  dissolves  entirely  in  ammonia  and  in  hot  nitric  acid.  It 
is  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of  argentic  nitrate  with  lime  water, 
or  an  aqueous  solution  of  potassium  hydrate.  It  should  not  be 
triturated  with  readily  oxidizable  substances,  or  be  brought  in  con- 
tact with  ammonia. 
PREPARATIONS. 

Tritiirations  ;  ix  and  higher. 

ARGENTUM  PHOSPHORICUM.    Argentum  Phosphate. 
Argentum  Phosphate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Ag3PO4  ;  41; '.78. 

Synonyms. — English,  Argentum  ortho-phosphate,  Ortho-phosphate 
of  silver. 


122  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. — Argentum  ortho-phosphate  is  a  lemon-yellow  powder 
resembling  argentum  iodid.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  but  readily  solu- 
ble in  acid,  even  in  acetic  acid.  Aqueous  ammonia  dissolves  it,  and 
by  evaporation  it  is  obtained  in  yellow  crystalline  grains.  It  turns 
black,  and  is  decomposed  on  exposure  to  light.  When  heated  it  turns 
red-orange,  and  melts  at  a  strong  red  heat.  It  is  distinguished  from 
argentic  iodid  by  being  readily  soluble  in  ammonia.  It  is  obtained  by 
treating  argentic  nitrate  with  an  aqueous  solution  of  an  alkaline  ortho- 
phosphate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :    ix  and  higher,  to  be  protected  from  light. 


ARISTOLOCHIA  MILHOMENS.  Brazilian  Snakeroot. 

Natural  Order. —  Aristolochiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Aristolochia  cymbifera,  A.  grandiflora. 

Description. — A  climbing  shrub,  with  glabrous  stem.  The  leaves 
are  large,  alternate,  long-petioled,  pedate-nerved,  with  reticulated  little 
veins  between  the  nerves,  cordate,  smooth,  with  large,  entire,  reni- 
form,  sheathing  stipules.  The  very  large,  purple-spotted  yellow 
flowers  are  solitary  on  a  furrowed  peduncle  4  to  5  inches  long. 

Habitat. —  Brazil,  in  shady  thickets.     Fig.,  Mure,  Mat.  Med.  157. 

History. —  It  has  been  mistaken  for  and  used  for  guaco ;  a  popular 
remedy  in  Brazil,  and  reputed  antidote  to  bites  of  serpents.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1849  by  Dr.  Mure,  Pathogen. 
Bresilien,  315.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  475.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  flowers  or  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Aristolochia  milhomens,  moist  magma  containing  solids 

loo  Gm.,  plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  123 

ARISTOLOCHIA  SERPENT  ARIA.         Virginia  Snakeroot. 

Natural  Order. —  Aristolochiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Aristolochia  hastata,  A.  hirsuta,  A.  officinalis, 
A.  sagittata,  A.  virginica,  Contrajerva  virginiana,  Endocleca  bartonii, 
E.  serpentaria,  Serpentaria,  S.  virginica;  English,  Birthwort,  Snake- 
weed,  Virginia  snakeroot ;  Fremh,  Serpentaire  de  virginie ;  German, 
Virginische  Schlangenwurzel. 

Description. —  A  small,  perennial  herb,  having  a  short,  horizontal 
rhizome,  with  long,  slender  rootlets  below,  top  scarred  by  previous 
stems,  sending  up  numerous  stems.  The  stems  rise  singly  or  sever- 
ally from  the  same  root,  are  branched  at  the  base,  jointed,  flexuous, 
cylindrical,  fine,  with  a  reddish  tinge,  and  are  generally  less  than  a  foot 
high.  The  leaves,  on  upper  part  of  stem,  are  alternate,  petiolate, 
oblong  or  ovate,  thin,  cordate,  and  acuminate.  The  flowers  appearing 
in  June  and  July  grow  close  to  the  ground,  have  a  stiff,  leathery  tex- 
ture and  dull,  brownish-purple  color,  radical  pedicel,  and  many  bracts. 
The  calyx  tube  is  smoothish,  contracted  in  the  middle,  bent  in  the 
form  of  the  letter  S. 

Habitat. —  Found  in  rich  woods  from  Connecticut  to  Louisiana 
and  west  to  Illinois,  common  near  the  Alleghany  mountains.  Fig., 
Winkler,  1 1  ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  275 ;  Goullon,  246 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  246 ; 
Millspaugh,  138. 

History. —  Derivation  from  aristos,  best,  and  locheia,  parturition 
considered  as  an  aid  in  expelling  the  placenta  and  exciting  lochia.  It 
is  said  to  have  been  chewed  by  the  Egyptian  snake-jugglers  to  stupefy 
the  snakes  by  their  saliva.  The  root  has  a  penetrating  odor,  some- 
what like  valerian,  and  a  bitter,  pungent  taste.  It  has  long  been  used 
in  medicine.  Provings  were  made  by  Jorg  in  1825.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  VIII.  659.] 

Part  Used. — The  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <£  /  Drug  strength  ^. 

Aristolochia  serpentaria,  root,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  400  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


124  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

ARNICA  MONTANA.  Leopard's  Bane. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Caltha  alpina,  Chrysanthemum  latifolium, 
Doronicum  austriacum  quartum,  D.  germanicum,  D.  montanum,  D. 
oppositifolium,  D.  plantaginis  folio  alternum,  Nardus  celtica  altera, 
Panacea  lapsorum,  Ptarmica  montana;  English,  Celtic  nard,  Leopard's 
bane,  Mountain  arnica,  Mountain  tobacco ;  French,  Arnique ;  German, 
Arnika,  Wohlverleth. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  a  slender,  blackish  rhizome 
i  to  2  inches  long,  from  which  are  given  off  numerous  filiform  roots. 
The  stem,  10  to  12  inches  high,  is  erect,  pubescent,  rough,  striated, 
either  simple  or  with  one  pair  of  opposite  branches.  The  leaves,  \y2 
to  3  inches  long,  are  few,  entire,  sessile,  opposite,  obovate ;  the  radical 
ones  crowded  at  the  base,  the  upper  smaller  than  the  rest.  The 
heads,  2  to  2^  inches  wide,  are  large  and  solitary  at  the  summit  of 
the  stem  and  lateral  branches.  The  involucre  is  cylindrical,  dull 
green,  with  purplish  points  and  hairy.  The  disk  flowers  are  yellow 
and  numerous,  with  tubular  corolla  with  five  spreading  teeth.  The 
ray  flowers  are  about  fifteen  in  number,  yellow  in  color.  It  flowers  in 
July  and  August. 

Habitat. —  Moist,  upland  meadows  of  the  cooler  parts  of  Europe,  a 
mountain  plant  in  Central  Europe,  from  the  sea  coast  to  the  limits  of 
eternal  snow.  It  extends  through  Russia  to  Siberia.  Is  also  found 
sparsely  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  United  States.  Fig.,  Flora 
Horn.  I.  37;  Winkler,  23;  Jahr  and  Cat.  167;  Goullon,  155;  Bent,  and 
Trim.  158. 

History. —  Name  said  to  be  derived  from  arnakis,  lamb's  skin,  on 
account  of  woolly  appearance  of  the  leaf,  also  a  corruption  of  ptarmica, 
a  sternutatory.  It  was  a  popular  remedy  in  the  beginning  of  the  last 
century  as  a  panacea  for  contusions  and  bruises,  hence  called  Panaceae 
lapsorum,  but  fell  into  disuse.  It  was  mentioned  by  Hahnemann  in 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  125 

1805,  Frag.  d.  v.  Med.  17.  The  whole  plant  was  recommended  by 
Hahnernann  (R.  A.  M.  L.),  but  the  discovery  on  the  flowers  of  the 
eggs  of  a  parasitical  fly  has  led  to  the  use  of  the  root.  (See  "  Arnica 
Montana  e  radice.")  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  476.] 

Parts  Used. — The  entire  fresh  plant,  including  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Arnica,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  too  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


ARNICA  MONTANA  E  RADICE. 

Description. — The  powdered  root  of  arnica  was  at  first  recom- 
mended by  Hahnernann  in  his  Fragmenta  de  viribus.  The  root  is 
the  dried  rhizome,  and  the  rootlets  i  to  2  inches  long,  ^  inch  thick, 
cylindrical,  contorted,  rough  from  leaf  scars.  From  the  under  surface 
are  numerous  wiry  rootlets  2  inches  long.  Externally  it  is  dark- 
brown,  internally  whitish.  The  odor  is  peculiar,  like  apples,  faintly 
aromatic;  the  taste  bitter,  astringent.  The  fracture  is  sharp  and 
brittle.  When  macerated  in  alcohol,  or  water,  it  retains  its  character- 
istic odor.  It  loses  its  virtue  on  exposure  to  the  air. 

Part  Used. — The  freshly  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> ;   Drug  strength  ^. 

Arnica  e  radice,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  400  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


126  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations  :  I  x  and  higher. 

ARSENICUM  ALBUM.  Arsenious  Oxid. 

Arsenicum  Album. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  As2O3 ;  197.68. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acidum  arseniosum,  A.  arsenicosum ;  English, 
Arsenic,  White  arsenic,  Arsenious  acid,  A.  anhydrid ;  French,  Acide 
arsenieux,  Arsenic  blanc;  German,  Arsenige  Saure. 

Description. —  In  the  hydrated  state,  forms  arsenious  acid.  When 
freshly  prepared,  consists  of  large,  vitreous,  amorphous  masses,  which 
gradually  become  opaque,  crystalline  and  porcelain-like.  Soluble  in  25 
parts  of  water  at  ordinary  temperature,  and  in  alkalies ;  quite  sparingly 
soluble  in  alcohol.  Its  aqueous  solutions  give  a  yellow  precipitate 
with  hydrogen  sulfid,  soluble  in  aqueous  ammonia.  At  a  temperature 
of  218°  C.,  it  volatilizes  without  fusing.  Its  vapor  is  colorless  and 
odorless,  and  on  cooling,  brilliant  octahedrons  are  formed.  Heated 
with  reducing  substances,  such  as  charcoal,  potassium  cyanid  or 
organic  matters,  it  emits  a  strong  garlic  odor,  and  is  reduced  to  the 
metallic  state.  It  is  found  native,  and  is  extracted  from  its  ore.  An 
active  poison.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  496.  Maximum 
dose  TV  grain,  not  to  exceed  £  grain  per  day. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  2x  and  higher. 

b.  Solution  <£:  Drug  strength  y^-. 

Vitreous  Arsenious  acid,  finely  powdered,  10  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

Strong  alcohol,  100  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

The  powdered  arsenic  should  be  added  to  800  parts  of  distilled 
water  ;  boiled  in  a  flask  to  complete  solution  and  filtered  :  the  filtrate 
should  be  increased  to  900  parts  by  the  addition  of  distilled  water, 
plus  100  parts  of  alcohol  to  complete  the  1000  Cc.  of  solution. 

c.  Dilutions :  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  I2/ 

ARSENICUM  HYDROGENATUM.     Hydrogen  Arsenid. 
Arsenetted  Hydrogen. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  AsH3;  77.9. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Arsenicum  hydrogenisatum ;  English,  Arsine. 

Description. —  A  colorless  gas,  having  a  strong  odor  resembling 
garlic ;  very  poisonous ;  burning  with  a  blueish  flame,  yielding  water 
and  arsenious  oxid.  It  is  analogous  in  composition  to  ammonia.  Is 
slightly  soluble  in  water,  absorbing  £  its  volume  of  gas ;  insoluble 
in  alcohol.  It  does  not  combine  with  acids  nor  bases.  It  is  entirely 
absorbed  by  copper  sulfate.  From  solutions  of  silver,  gold  and  plati- 
num salts,  it  precipitates  the  metals,  and  is  converted  into  arsenious 
oxid,  which  remains  in  solution.  It  is  obtained  when  nascent  hydrogen 
is  liberated  in  contact  with  soluble  arsenic  compounds.  The  gas  is  a 
deadly  poison,  and  its  inhalation  is  attended  with  great  danger. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  550. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution   <£.-    -^.     A  saturated  aqueous  solution,  freshly  pre- 

pared, will  contain  about  i  of  its  volume  of  the  gas ;  the 
ix  solution  can  therefore  be  prepared  by  the  addition  of  an 
equal  quantity  of  distilled  water. 

b.  Dihitions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water,  freshly  made. 
Caution :     A   deadly   poison ;    avoid   inhalation,   as   the   smallest 

quantity  may  cause  serious,  if  not  fatal  results. 

ARSENICUM  IODATUM.  Arsenious  lodid. 

Arsenicum  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  AsI3 ;  454.49. 

Synonyms — Latin,  Arseni  iodidum,  Arsenicum  jodatum,  lodure- 
tum  arseniosum,  Arsenici  iodidum ;  English,  Arsenious  iodide,  Iodide 
of  arsenic,  Ter-iodide  of  arsenic ;  French,  lodure  d'arsenic ;  German, 
Arsenikjodiir. 

Description. —  An  orange  crystalline,  or  purple  mass,  having  the 
odor  and  taste  of  lodin,  gradually  losing  iodin  on  exposure  to  air.  It 
is  soluble  in  7  parts  of  water,  and  the  solution  when  boiled  and  slowly 


128  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

cooled,  deposits  crystals  of  a  compound  of  arsenious  oxid  with  arsenic 
oxi-iodid,  also  soluble  in  30  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  completely  volatilized 
by  heat,  and  with  nitric  acid  emits  violet  vapors  of  iodin.  Its  aqueous 
solution  is  yellow,  and  gradually  decomposes  into  arsenious  and 
hydriodic  acids.  The  commercial  salt  is  often  deficient  in  arsenic. 
It  is  obtained  by  heating  iodin  and  arsenic  together.  It  is  also 
obtained  by  treating  pulverized  arsenic  with  a  solution  of  iodin  in 
carbon  disulfid.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  y%  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher;  freshly  prepared  and  preserved  in 
glass-stoppered  bottles,  protected  from  the  light. 

ARSENICUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Arsenic, 

Arsenicum  Metal. 

Chemical  Symbol. — As;  74.9. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Arsenum ;  French,  Arsenic;  German,  Arsenik. 

Description. —  Consists  of  very  brittle  metallic  masses  of  a  steel- 
gray  color.  It  crystallizes  in  rhombohedrons,  and  is  insoluble  in  water 
and  alcohol.  Is  tasteless  and  odorless,  but  when  rubbed  in  the  hands 
emits  a  peculiar  odor.  On  exposure  to  air,  it  oxidizes  slowly  and  its 
surface  turns  black.  Without  previous  fusion  it  volatilizes  at  a  dull- 
red  heat,  emitting  a  garlic-like  odor.  Several  organic  arsenic  radicles 
are  known.  A  poison.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  554. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  2x  and  higher,  from  the  finely  pulverized  metal. 

ARSENICUM  SULPHURATUM  FLAVUM. 

Arsenicum  Sulfid  (yellow).  Arsenious  Sulfid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  As2S3;  245.74. 

Synonyms.— Latin,  Arsenicum  citrinum,  Arsenii  sulphidum, 
Arsenic  trisulphide ;  English,  Yellow  sulphide  of  arsenic,  Orpiment, 
King's  yellow;  French,  Sulfure  jaune  d'arsenic;  German,  Sulfide 
arsenieux,  Goldgelb. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


Description.  —  Artificially  prepared,  it  is  a  lemon-yellow  powder, 
without  taste  or  odor,  and  insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  It  is  dis- 
solved by  aqua  ammonia.  It  melts  easily  and  completely  volatilizes 
at  a  high  temperature.  Heated  with  charcoal  it  is  reduced  to  the 
metallic  state.  It  is  found  in  nature,  and  is  artificially  prepared  by 
decomposing  an  aqueous  solution  of  arsenious  oxid,  or  its  alkaline 
salts,  by  hydrogen  sulfid.  A  poison. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  2x  and  higher. 


ARSENICUM  SULPHURATUM  RUBRUM. 
Arsenicum  Sulfid  (red).  Arsenic  Disulfid. 

Chemical  Symbol.— As 2S2  ;  213.8. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Arsenicum  rubrum,  A.  bisulfuretum,  A. 
bisulphidum,  Rubinus  arsenicalis  ;  English,  Bisulphide  of  arsenic, 
Red  sulfuret  of  arsenic,  Realgar;  French,  Rubis  d'arsenic ;  German, 
Sulfide  hypoarsenieux. 

Description. — A  mineral,  found  native,  consisting  of  orange-red 
prisms  or  scales,  and  answering  to  the  same  tests  as  the  yellow  sulfid 
of  arsenic.  An  artificial  product,  called  red  orpiment,  is  made  by 
fusing  together  5  parts  of  arsenious  acid  and  3  parts  of  sulfur.  The 
native  mineral  should  be  used.  An  active  poison.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  557. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

ARTEMISIA  ABROTANUM.  Southernwood. 

Natural  Order. —  Composite. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Abrotanum ;  English,  Lady's  love,  Old  man, 
Southernwood ;  French,  Auronedes  jardins ;  German,  Eberrante. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  under-shrub,  with  an  upright  stem,  3 
to  4  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  grayish-green,  alternate,  the  lower 
bi-pinnate,  the  upper  pinnate  capillary.  The  flowers  are  yellow, 


I3O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

appearing  from  August  to  October,  fertile ;  the  heads  nodding  in 
wand-like  panicles.  The  involucre  whitish,  downy,  hemispherical ;  the 
corolla  naked. 

Habitat. —  Southern  Europe.  Cultivated  for  its  fragrant  foliage. 
Fig.,  Goullon,  150. 

History. —  Named  for  Artemis,  one  of  the  names  of  Diana ;  accord- 
ing to  Pliny,  named  for  Queen  Artemisia.  The  abrotanum  signifying 
immottal,  as  a  preservative  of  life.  It  is  used  in  making  beer.  It  was 
used  in  the  Eastern  countries  as  a  moxa  for  the  cure  of  gout.  Men- 
tioned in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1869  by  Dr.  Gatchell,  U.  S.  M.  &  S. 
Jour.  V.  291.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  558.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves  and  young  shoots. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Artemisia  abrotanum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  794  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


ARTEMISIA  VULGARIS.  Mugwort. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Artemisia  heterophyllus,  A.  indica  canadensis ; 
English,  Mugwort,  Wormwood ;  French,  Couronne  de  Saint-Jean ; 
German,  Beifuss. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  creeping  root. 
The  stem,  2  to  3  feet  high,  furrowed  and  loosely  branched.  The 
lower  leaves  are  laciniate,  the  middle  pinnatifid  and  the  upper 
lanceolate.  The  branches  and  lower  surface  of  the  leaves  are 
whitish,  woolly.  The  heads  are  numerous,  small,  somewhat  racemose, 
ovoid.  The  flowers  are  all  fertile,  of  purple  color,  appearing  from 
August  to  October. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMtEOPATHY. 


Habitat.  —  Naturalized  from  Europe.  In  Canada  and  the  Atlantic 
states,  found  in  waste  places  on  banks  of  streams,  roadsides,  near 
dwellings.  Fig.,  Winkler,  9;  Jahr  and  Cat.  168;  Goullon,  151; 
Millspaugh,  87. 

History.  —  It  was  used  as  a  popular  remedy  for  epilepsy.  Men- 
tioned in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1838,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  XII.  374. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  558.] 

Part  Used.  —  The  root  gathered  in  dry  weather,  taking  care  not  to 
wash  it. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture.  <f>  :  Drug  strength  jfa. 

Artemisia  vulgaris,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  100 

Strong  alcohol,  694  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications  :  3x  and  higher. 

ARUM  DRACONTIUM.  Green  Dragon. 

Natural  Order.  —  Araceae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Arisaema  dracontium  ;  English,  Dragon  root, 
Green  dragon  ;  French,  Govet  a  dragon  ;  German,  Drachen  aron. 

Description.  —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  wrinkled,  clustered 
corm,  from  which  arise  numerous  stems  i  to  2  feet  high,  each  bearing 
a  solitary  leaf,  pedately  divided  into  seven  to  ten  oblong,  lanceolate, 
pointed  leaflets.  Spadix  is  awl-shaped,  longer  than  the  oblong  con- 
voluted spathe,  which  is  green,  scaphoid,  with  a  short,  erect  point. 
Flowers  May  and  June. 

Habitat.  —  North  America,  found  in  low  grounds  along  streams. 
Fig.,  Millspaugh,  168. 

History.  —  Mentioned  in  1875  by  Dr.  Hart,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  XII. 
537.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  363.] 

Part  Used.—  The  fresh  plant. 


132  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J> :  Drug  strength  T^. 

Arum  dracontium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 

alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

ARUM  MACULATUM.  Wake  Robin. 

Natural  Order. — Araceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Arum  vulgare,  Aronis  communis ;  English, 
Common  arum,  Cuckoo-pint,  Lords  and  ladies,  Spotted  arum,  Wake 
robin ;  French,  Pied  de  veau ;  German,  Geflecter  Aron,  Aronswurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  having  a  whitish,  tuberous  root, 
about  the  size  of  a  large  nutmeg.  The  stem,  i  foot  high.  The  leaves 
are  radical,  stalked,  erect,  hastate,  sagitate,  spotted  a  dingy  purple  or 
unspotted.  White  flowers  appear  from  May  to  June  on  a  purple 
spadix,  which  is  club-shaped,  obtuse,  and  shorter  than  the  spathe,  the 
latter  being  erect,  pale  green  and  occasionally  spotted ;  the  scarlet 
berries  remaining  long  after  their  spathe  and  the  foliage  have  withered. 

Habitat. —  Found  in  middle  and  southern  Europe  in  shady  forests, 
coast  of  Barbary  and  the  higher  mountains  of  Madeira.  Fig.,  Winkler, 
19  ;  Jahr  &  Cat.  169  ;  Goullon,  251. 

History. —  The  root  is  used  both  as  food  and  medicine.  On  first 
tasting,  it  is  merely  mucilaginous  and  insipid,  but  soon  leaves  a  sensa- 
tion as  if  pricked  by  needles.  This  acrimony  is  lost  in  drying,  and  the 
roots  become  farinaceous  and  fit  for  boiling  and  baking.  In  the  Isle 
of  Portland,  Britain,  where  the  plant  is  very  abundant,  the  roots  are 
frequently  eaten.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in 
1833  by  Dr.  Hering,  Archiv.  III.  i,  169.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
I.  560.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  133 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Arum  maculatum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,    with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

ARUM  TRIPHYLLUM.  Indian  Turnip. 

Natural  Order. — Araceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Arisaema  triphyllum,  Arum  atrorubens; 
English,  Bog  onion,  Canada  turnip,  Dragon's  root,  Dragon's  turnip, 
Indian  turnip,  Marsh  turnip,  Pepper  or  wild  turnip,  Jack  in  the  pulpit ; 
French,  Gouet  a  trois  feuilles ;  German,  Dreiblattriger  Aron. 

Description.— A  perennial,  deciduous  herb.  The  root,  a  turnip- 
shaped  corm,  the  lower  and  larger  part  tuberous  and  fleshy,  with 
numerous  white  rootlets  in  a  circle  from  its  juncture  with  the  stalk, 
bearing  generally  two  opposite  leaves  on  long,  sheathing  foot -stalks. 
The  spadix  often  dioecious,  is  club-shaped,  obtuse,  much  shorter  than 
the  spathe,  the  latter  being  flattened  and  in-curved,  hooded  at  the 
summit  with  the  petiole  and  sheath  green,  or  often  variegated  with 
dark  purple  or  whitish  stripes  or  spots.  Flowering  from  May  to  July. 

Habitat, —  Indigenous  to  United  States  and  Canada.  Found  in 
rich  woods  and  wet  places.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  167. 

History. —  All  parts  of  the  plant  have  an  intensely  acrid  juice. 
This  acridity  disappears  on  drying,  the  roots  becoming  palatable. 
They  are  used  by  the  Indians  for  food,  hence  the  name  Indian  turnip. 
Provings  of  it  were  made  by  Dr.  James  in  1844,  published  by  Dr. 
Hering  ,.i  Horn.  News,  1856.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  561.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 


134  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $ :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Arum  triphyllum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


ASAFCETIDA.  Asafcetida. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Asafoetida  disgunensis,  Ferula  asafcetida,  F. 
narthex,  F.  persica,  Narthex  asafoetida,  Scorodosma  fcetidum  ;  English, 
Assafetida ;  French,  Ase  fetide ;  German,  Asant,  Stinkasant,  Teufels- 
dreck. 

Description. —  This  gum  resin  is  an  amorphous  mass,  composed  of 
agglutinated  tears  of  a  waxy  consistency.  It  is  white,  but  by  contact 
with  the  air  becomes  rosy  or  reddish,  and  afterwards  brownish.  It  has 
a  shining  surface;  becomes  brittle  by  age  and  cold;  is  softened  by 
heat,  so  that  it  may  be  squeezed  through  a  coarse  cloth  and  freed  from 
mechanical  impurities.  The  best  masses  are  clear,  of  a  pale-reddish 
color,  variegated  with  a  great  number  of  white  tears,  which  have  a 
bitter,  acrid  taste  and  a  nauseous,  alliaceous  smell.  It  is  inflammable, 
burning  with  a  whitish  flame  and  much  smoke.  This  gum  is  soluble 
in  alcohol.  Its  properties  are  impaired  by  age. 

Habitat.  —  Persia  and  neighboring  countries.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I. 
45  ;  Winkler,  71 ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  170;  Goullon,  123 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  126. 

History  and  Source. —  This  drug,  or  a  similiar  one,  was  described  by 
Dioscorides  and  other  medical  authorities.  Its  present  source  seems 
to  be  from  two  umbelliferous  plants,  Ferula  narthex  (Narthex  asa- 
fcetida) and  Ferula  scorodosma  (Scorodosma  foetidum),  differing  but 
slightly  in  minor  characteristics.  Both  abound  throughout  in  a  milky 
juice,  which  is  obtained  from  transverse  cuttings  of  the  roots,  and 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  135 

which  is  allowed  to  dry  and  harden  in  tears  or  masses,  being  carelessly 
mixed  with  earth,  or  purposely  so,  to  facilitate  its  drying.  The  mass 
thus  dried  contains  from  3  to  5  per  cent  of  oil,  50  to  65  of  resin  and  26 
to  32  of  gum.  The  roots  vary  in  size  from  i  inch  to  6  inches  in 
diameter,  and  yield  from  a  half-ounce  to  two  pounds  of  juice.  One 
drachm  of  the  fresh  juice  is  said  to  diffuse  a  more  powerful  odor 
through  a  close  room  than  one  hundred  pounds  of  the  drug.  It  was 
mentioned  in  homosopathic  literature  in  1822  by  Dr.  Franz,  Archiv.  I. 
3,  187.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  569.] 

Part  Used. — The  gum  resin. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Asafoetida,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


ASARUM  CANADENSE.  Wild  Ginger. 

Natural  Order. —  Aristolochiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Radix  asari  canadensis;  English,  Canada, 
Indian  or  Wild  snake-root,  Canadian  or  Kidney-leaved  asarabacca, 
Canada  ginger,  Colt's  foot,  Heart-root,  Indian  ginger,  Vermont  snake- 
root,  Wild  ginger,  Wild  turnip ;  French,  Assaret  du  Canada ;  German, 
Canadische  Haselwurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  creeping,  fleshy,  somewhat 
jointed  rhizome,  T^  to  ^  inch  thick,  brown  and  wrinkled  externally, 
whitish  internally,  hard  and  brittle.  The  stem  is  short,  forked  before 
leaving  the  ground,  each  branch  bearing  a  reniform  mucronate  leaf,  3 
to  4  inches  long,  and  3  to  5  inches  broad,  with  long,  round  petioles. 
A  solitary  brown  flower  grows  from  the  fork  of  the  stem  upon  a 
pendulous  peduncle.  The  corolla  is  wanting,  calyx  brownish-purple. 
All  the  parts  are  downy  or  hairy.  The  time  for  flowering  is  April  to 
July. 


136  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. — The  United  States,  common  especially  northward  and 
along  the  Alleghanies,  growing  in  woods,  on  hillsides  and  mountains. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Hale  in 
1866,  New  Rem.  2d  ed.  96. 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </> .-  Drug  strength  ^. 

Asarum  canadense,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with    dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ASARUM  EUROPIUM,  Asarabacca. 

Natural  Order. — Aristolochiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Asarum  vulgare,  Nardum  rusticanum; 
English,  Asarabacca,  European  snake-root,  Pole's  foot,  Hazelwort, 
Wild-nard;  French,  Cabaret  de  1' Europe,  Asaret;  German,  Hazel- 
wurz,  Haselkraut. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  creeping  rhizome, 
i^  inch  thick,  knotted  and  twisted,  with  a  short,  simple  pubescent 
stem,  i  foot  high.  This  bears  a  single  pair  of  leaves,  2  inches  wide, 
on  long,  downy  petioles.  These  leaves  are  reniform,  obtuse,  glossy 
green,  darkening  as  they  wither,  and  having  a  pungent  odor,  not  per- 
ceptible when  fresh.  The  flowers  are  solitary,  and  appear  from  April 
to  June,  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  on  short  terminal  pedicels ;  calyx 
greenish  without,  brownish  within ;  corolla  wanting. 

Habitat. —  Throughout  Europe  in  moist,  shady,  hilly  places.  Fig., 
Flor.  Horn.  I,  53;  Winkler,  8;  Jahr  &  Cat.  171 ;  Goullon,  247. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  137 

History. —  Name  said  to  signify  not  a  bandage,  as  it  was  omitted 
from  the  garlands  of  the  ancients.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  in  1825  by  Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L.  III.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  582.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  plant  and  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Asarum  Europaeum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts    alcohol;    3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ASCLEPIAS  INCARNATA.  Swamp  Milkweed. 

Natural  Order. — Asclepiadaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Asclepias  amoena,  A.  pulcra;  English,  Flesh- 
colored  asclepias  or  swallow-wort,  Rose-colored  or  Swamp  silkweed, 
Swamp  milkweed,  White  Indian  hemp  ;  FrencJi,  Asclepiade  incarnate; 
German,  Fleischfarbige  Schwalbenwurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  thick,  deep  root. 
The  stem,  2  to  3  feet  high,  is  erect,  branching,  very  leafy,  nearly  smooth, 
with  scant,  milky  juice.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  petioled,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  obscurely  heart-shaped,  acute,  entire  and  smooth.  The 
small  rose-purple  flowers  appear  from  June  to  August  in  lateral  and 
terminal  umbels. 

Habitat. —  Found  throughout  the  United  States;  very  common 
northward  in  wet  ground. 

History. —  Introduced  in  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Hale,  New 
Rem. 

Part  Used.—  The  fresh  root. 


138  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£.•  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Asclepias  incarnata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  735  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  •  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

ASCLEPIAS  SYRIACA.  Milkweed. 

Natural  Order. —  Asclepiadaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Asclepias  cornuti;  English,  Milkweed,  Silk- 
weed,  Virginian  swallow-wort,  Wild  cotton;  French,  Asclepiade  a  la 
soie;  German,  Schwalbenwurzel. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  root,  or  rhizome, 
a  foot  long,  branched,  %  to  i  inch  thick,  knotty,  finely  wrinkled  length- 
wise, few  rootlets,  thick  white  bark,  odorless,  bitter  taste.  The  stem 
is  large,  stout,  simple,  somewhat  branched,  3  to  5  feet  high.  Leaves, 
4  to  8  inches  long,  are  opposite,  lanceolate,  oblong,  ovate,  petiolate, 
gradually  acute,  dark  green  above,  downy  beneath.  The  large,  pale- 
purple  flowers,  June  to  September,  are  fragrant  and  in  several  axil- 
lary, sub-terminal,  nodding  umbels.  Few  of  the  flowers  are  fertile. 
These  produce  oblong,  pointed  pods,  with  sharp  prickles,  containing 
long  silky  fibres,  with  seeds  attached.  When  punctured,  the  plant 
emits  a  milky  fluid,  containing  water  and  a  wax-like,  fatty  matter. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  the  United  States,  in  rich  or  sandy  soils, 
along  roadsides  and  waste  places.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  134. 

History. —  Named  from  Asclepias,  its  discoverer,  or  Esculapius. 
The  tender  shoots  in  the  spring  are  eaten  as  asparagus ;  sugar  is  made 
from  the  flowers,  and  cotton  from  the  pods  is  used  for  filling  beds. 
On  account  of  its  silkiness,  it  has  been  called  Virginian  silk  or  silk- 
weed.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Hale  in  1866, 
New  Rem.  2d  ed.  103.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  590.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  139 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^ 

Asclepias  syriaca,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  800  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


ASCLEPIAS  TUBEROSA.  Butterfly  Weed. 

Natural  Order. —  Asclepiadaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Asclepias  decumbens;  English,  Butterfly  weed, 
Canada  root,  Colic  root,  Flux  root,  Orange  apocynum,  Orange  swallow 
root,  Pleurisy  root,  Swallow  root,  Tuber  root,  White  root,  Wind  root ; 
French,  Racine  d'asclepiade  tubereuse ;  German,  Knollige  Schwal- 
benwurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  a  large,  fleshy,  branching, 
white,  sometimes  fusiform-like  root,  i  to  6  inches  long,  y2  to  i  inch 
thick,  the  head  irregular  and  knotty,  annulate,  wrinkled  lengthwise, 
externally  browish-orange  color,  internally  yellowish-white ;  the  bark 
thin,  odorless,  and  of  a  nauseous  and  slightly  acrid  taste.  The  stems 
are  numerous,  i  to  3  feet  high,  erect,  or  oblique,  round,  hairy,  green, 
or  red,  branching  at  the  summit.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  the  lower 
ones  petiolate,  the  upper  sessile,  hairy,  dark-green  above,  paler  beneath, 
wavy  on  the  edge  and  on  the  older  plants  revolute.  Flowers,  July  to 
August,  are  numerous,  erect,  bright-orange  color,  arranged  in  terminal 
corymbs.  The  seeds  are  ovate,  flat,  marginal,  and  terminate  in  long 
silken  hairs.  Unlike  other  plants  of  this  family  it  is  destitute  of  the 
milky  juice. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  Massachusetts  to  Georgia,  and  west  to 
Texas.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  135. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1856  by  Savary, 
N.  Z.  f.  H.  K.  5.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  591.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 


I4O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Asclepias  tuberosa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ASIMINA  TRILOBA.  Common  Pawpaw. 

Natural  Order. —  Anonaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Annona  triloba,  Asimina  campaniflora,  A. 
conoidea,  Orchidocarpium  arietinum,  Porcelia  triloba,  Uvaria  triloba; 
English,  Pawpaw,  American  custard-apple ;  French,  Asiminier ;  German, 
Dreilappige  asimine. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  deciduous  tree,  10  to  20  feet  high, 
with  smooth,  grayish,  acrid,  or  foetid  bark.  The  young  shoots  and 
expanding  leaves  are  clothed  with  a  rusty  down  and  soon  become 
glabrous.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  entire,  thin,  obovate-oblong, 
petioles  dark-purple.  The  dull-purple  flowers,  March  to  May,  are 
i>£  inches  wide,  solitary  and  axillary,  and  appear  with  the  leaves. 
The  fruit,  2  to  3  inches  long,  resembles  a  banana,  is  yellowish,  sweet 
and  edible  in  October,  after  frost. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Central  United  States,  especially  the  Ohio 
valley.  Banks  of  streams  in  rich  soil,  western  New  York  and  Pennsyl- 
vania to  Illinois  and  southward.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  13. 

History. —  Named  from  Asiminier.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
I.  599-} 

Part  Used. —  The  ripe  seed. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  14! 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Asimina  triloba,  100  Grru 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing,  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


ASPARAGUS  OFFICINALIS.  Asparagus. 

Natural  Order —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Asparagus;  French,  Asperge;  German, 
Spargel. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb.  The  stem  is  erect* 
unarmed,  terete,  very  branching,  2  to  4  feet  high  ;  leaves  setaceous, 
flexible,  vasculate  and  filiform,  pale  pea-green,  )^  inch  to  \yz  inches 
long.  Flowers  green,  axillary,  nodding,  solitary  or  in  pairs.  Berries 
globose,  red,  three-celled,  two-seeded. 

•Habitat. —  Found  on  the  seashore  of  Britain  and  parts  of  Europe, 
and  sandy  plains  in  Russia,  Turkey  and  Greece.  Cultivated ;  sparingly 
escaped  from  gardens  into  waste  places  on  the  coast.  Fig.,  WinKier,  6. 

History — Cultivated  and  highly  esteemed  as  a  vegetable  in  the 
time  of  Cato,  200  years  B.  C.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice 
in  1840  by  Dr.  Buchner,  Hygea  XII.  426.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  I.  597. 

Part  Used. —  The  young  shoots. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> ;  Drug  strength  TV 
Asparagus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  ==  5°° 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


142  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

ASTERIAS  RUBENS.  Star  Fish. 

Class. —  Echinodermata. 

Order —  Asteroid  ea. 

Family. —  Asteriadae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Uraster  rubens  ;  English,  Common  star  fish. 

Description. —  A  marine  animal  common  to  the  Atlantic  coasts  in 
Europe,  and  to  a  limited  extent  in  America.  It  is  in  shape  like  a  star, 
having  ray-like  points,  garnet-red  to  yellow  in  color.  The  central  por- 
tion contains  a  globular  sac,  the  stomach,  the  mouth  being  on  the 
under  surface  and  in  the  center ;  the  upper  surface  being  covered  with 
hard,  knob-like  protuberances.  It  has  an  eye  in  the  extremity  of  each 
arm.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  602 ;  X.  362. 

Part  Used. —  The  entire  living  animal. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>;  Drug  strength  -^. 
Asterias  rubens,  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  637  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

ATHAMANTA  OREOSELINUM.        Mountain  Parsley. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Athaminta  oreoselinum,  Apium  montanum, 
Oreoselinum,  Petroselinum  montanum,  Peucedanum  oreoselinum, 
Polycresta ;  English,  Galbanum,  Mountain  parsley,  Speedwell ;  French, 
Persil  sauvage;  German,  Bergpetersilie. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  143 

Description — A  perennial,  deciduous  herb.  Stem  2  to  4  feet  high, 
tapering,  striated.  Leaves  are  tri-pinnate,  with  petiolate  segments, 
ovate,  cut,  pinnate,  shining,  nearly  pointless,  straggling.  Flowers 
white,  June  to  August.  Fruit  roundish,  oval. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Germany,  hills  of  middle  Europe  and  the 
Caucasus. 

History. —  Name  signifying  mountain  and  parsley.  The  whole 
plant  was  formerly  held  in  such  high  esteem  as  to  be  known  as  poly- 
chresta.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1839  by  Dr.  Franz, 
Archiv.  XVII.  3,  177.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  I.  607.] 

Part  Used. —  Tincture  of  the  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J> ;  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Athamanta  oreoselinum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 
plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol.     3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ATROPINUM.  Atropin. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C17H23NO3 ;  288.38. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Atropia,  Atropinum  purum,  Atropina ;  English, 
Atropine;  French,  Atropine;  German,  Atropin. 

Description. —  An  alkaloid,  consisting  of  colorless,  silky  crystals, 
turning  yellow  on  exposure  to  air,  having  a  very  bitter  and  acrid  taste, 
melting  at  90°  C.  and  decomposing  at  a  higher  temperature,  without 
residue.  It  is  soluble  in  130  parts  of  cold  water  at  I5°C.  and  in  3 
parts  of  alcohol.  The  aqueous  solution  is  alkaline  in  reaction  and 
powerfully  dilates  the  pupil  of  the  eye.  It  forms  salts  with  acid, 
which  crystallize  with  difficulty.  Atropin  and  its  salts  are  decomposed 
by  caustic  alkalies,  emitting  when  heated  an  ammoniacal  odor.  It 


144  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

gives  a  yellowish  color  with  nitric  acid,  and  with  colorless,  concentrated 
sulfuric  acid,  a  colorless  solution,  which  turns  yellow  after  some  time, 
and  on  being  warmed  emits  an  odor  resembling  that  of  roses  and 
orange  flowers.  When  manganese  dioxid  is  added  to  the  solution  of 
atropin  in  concentrated  sulfuric  acid,  odors  like  that  of  bitter  almonds 
and  afterwards  of  benzoic  acid  are  emitted.  Its  aqueous  solutions  are 
precipitated  white  by  tannic  acid,  the  precipitate  being  soluble  in  acids. 
If  cyanogen  is  passed  through  its  alcoholic  solution,  a  blood-red  colora- 
tion is  produced.  It  is  obtained  from  belladonna  root.  Atropin  and 
its  salts  are  very  poisonous.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I. 
608 ;  X.  367.  Maximum  dose  -fa  grain. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tritrirations :  2x  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  4> :  ^  in  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2\  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

ATROPINUM  SULPHURICUM.  Atropin  Sulfatc. 

Atropinum  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— (C17H23NO3)2H2SO4  ;  674.58. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Atropinae  sulphas,  Atropiae  sulfas,  Atropia 
sulphurica ;  English,  Sulfate  of  atropin ;  French,  Sulfate  d'atropine ; 
German,  Atropinsulfat. 

Description.  —  A  white,  odorless,  partly  crystallized  powder,  of  a 
very  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  Soluble  in  0.4  parts  of  water  and  6.5  parts 
of  alcohol  at  15°  C.  Fused  by  heat,  it  assumes  a  red  color  and  volatil- 
izes entirely.  A  solution  having  a  T^TF  part  of  atropin  sulfate  has  a 
very  bitter  taste.  Its  aqueous  solution  dilates  the  pupil,  and  is  pre- 
cipitated by  sodium  carbonate,  the  precipitate  having  all  the  character- 
istics of  atropin;  it  is  also  precipitated  by  barium  chlorid.  Its 
reactions  with  nitric  and  sulfuric  acid  are  the  same  as  with  atropin. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  I.  608.  Maximum  dose  -fa  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations ;  2x  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <j> :  -fa  in  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  145 

AURUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Gold. 

Aurum. 

Chemical  Symbol. — Au  ;  196.7. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Aurum  precipitatum,  A.  foliatum ;  English, 
Precipitated  gold,  Gold  leaf ;  French,  Or ;  German,  Gold. 

Description. —  A  malleable,  yellow  metal,  of  a  brown  color  when 
finely  powdered.  It  is  not  acted  upon  by  air  even  at  a  high  tempera- 
ture, nor  by  moisture.  Is  insoluble  in  water,  sulfuric,  nitric  and 
hydrochloric  acids;  soluble  in  aqua  regia.  It  melts  at  1240°  C.  Is 
found  native.  It  is  obtained  as  a  brown  powder,  by  treating  its 
chlorid  with  aqueous  solutions  of  iron  protosulfate,  or  of  oxalic  acid. 
The  powder  takes  a  metallic  aspect  by  burnishing.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  I. 
PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher,  of  the  fine  precipitated  metal. 

AURUM  MURIATICUM.  Auric  Chlorid. 

Aurum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol — AuCl3 ;  302.81. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Auri   chloridum;    English,    Chlorid   of  gold, 
Muriate  of  gold ;  French,  Chlorure  d'or ;  German,  Goldchlorid. 

Description. —  A  yellow-orange,  hygrometric  salt,  having  a  strong 
metallic  taste.  Freely  soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol.  Its  aqueous 
solution  stains  the  skin  purple.  With  hydrogen  sulfid  a  precipitate 
of  gold  sulfid  is  formed,  which  is  soluble  in  alkaline  sulfids.  It  is 
decomposed  by  heat,  leaving  a  residue  of  metallic  gold.  It  is 
obtained  by  dissolving  pure  gold  in  nitro-muriatic  acid.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  14. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  2x  and  higher,  freshly  prepared. 

b.  Solution  <f>:  -fa  in  distilled  water. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  solution,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

All  preparations  of  Aurum  muriate  should  be  freshly  made  and 
protected  from  light. 


146  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

AURUM  MURIATICUM  NATRONATUM. 

Aurum  et  Natrum  Muriate.  Sodium  Auro-Chlorid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  AuClgNaCl  2H2O;  397.1. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Auro-natrium  chloratum,  Aurum  et  natrum 
muriaticum,  Auri  et  natri  chloridum ;  English,  Chloride  of  gold  and 
sodium ;  French,  Chlorure  d'or  et  de  sodium  ;  German,  Natriumgold- 
chlorid. 

A  mixture  composed  of  equal  parts  by  weight  of  dry  chlorid  of 
gold  and  chlorid  of  sodium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  long,  four-sided,  yellow  prisms,  having  a 
metallic  taste.  Freely  soluble  in  water,  and  at  least  one-half  of  it 
should  be  soluble  in  cold  alcohol.  It  does  not  deliquesce  when  ex- 
posed to  air.  Its  aqueous  solution  produces  a  dark-purple  color  of 
the  skin.  Submitted  to  a  red  heat,  it  is  decomposed  into  sodium 
chlorid  and  metallic  gold.  Its  reactions  are  the  same  as  those  of 
auric  chlorid.  It  is  prepared  by  adding  sodium  chlorid  to  auric 
chlorid  and  allowing  the  resulting  salt  to  crystallize.  It  must  not  con- 
tain free  hydrochloric  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  18. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Solution  <£  .•  -£$  in  distilled  water. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part   ix  solution,  fotir  parts  dis- 

tilled water,  five  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 
Preparations  should  be  protected  from  the  light. 


AURUM  SULPHURATUM.  Auric  Sulfid. 

Aurum  Sulfid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Au2S3 ;  489.34. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Auri  sulphidum;  English,  Yellow  sulphide  or 
sulphuret  of  gold. 

Description. — A  flocculent,  inodorous,  tasteless,  yellow  substance, 
insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Soluble  in  ammonium  and  potassium 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  147 

sulfids.  It  loses  its  sulfur  at  a  moderate  heat,  leaving  a  residuum  of 
metallic  gold.  It  is  obtained  by  passing  hydrogen  sulfid  into  a  cold, 
dilute  solution  of  a  gold  salt.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  23. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


AVENA  SATF/A.  Oat. 

Natural  Order. —  Gramineae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Avena  chinensis,  A.  nuda,  A.  orientalis; 
English,  Oat;  French,  Farine  d'Avoine;  German,  Hafermehl. 

Description. —  Annual  grass,  culms  terete,  erect,  2  to  4  feet  high. 
Leaves  few,  alternate,  6  inches  long,  their  sheaths  long,  split  or  bent 
on  the  side  opposite  the  blade.  The  spikelets  have  two  or  three 
(rarely  more)  pendulous  flowers.  A  genus  distinguished  by  large 
membranaceous  outer  paleae,  enclosing  two  to  three  flowers,  each 
with  bent  awn. 

Habitat. —  Original  source  uncertain  ;  cultivated  in  all  temperate 
climates,  most  successfully  where  the  summer  temperature  is  low  and 
the  atmosphere  moist.  Fig.,  Goullon,  280;  Bent,  and  Trim.  292. 

History. — There  is  no  record  of  its  cultivation  earlier  than  the 
time  of  Pliny. 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  seed. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Avena  sativa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167 

Strong  alcohol,  635 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


148  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

BADIAGA.  Fresh  Water  Sponge. 

Natural  Order. —  Spongiae. 

Synonyms.— Latin,  Spongia  palustris,  Spongilla  fluviatilis,  S. 
lacustris;  English,  Fresh  water  sponge,  River  sponge;  French, 
Eponge  des  fleuves ;  German,  Russicher  Flusschwamm. 

Description. —  Similar  to  marine  sponge,  having  branching  ramifi- 
cations from  the  thickness  of  a  quill  to  that  of  a  finger,  resembling 
stag's  horns,  with  rounded  corners  and  ends.  Contains  numerous 
round  white  granules,  one  side  of  which  is  excavated.  It  grows 
detached  from  the  soil ;  is  of  a  greenish  color  externally,  and  has  a 
disagreeable  fishy  smell.  It  can  be  easily  dried  and  pulverized. 

Habitat. —  It  is  found  in  stagnant  waters  and  in  ditches,  abundantly 
in  Russia,  and  less  so  in  some  parts  of  Germany. 

History. —  The  powder  is  used  in  Russia  to  apply  to  bruises.  It 
was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1835  by  Dr.  Fielitz,  Allg. 
Horn.  Zeit.  VII.  71,  and  mentioned  by  Dr.  Hering,  Guid.  Sympt. 
II.  298.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  25.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  sponge,  pulverized. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


BALSAMUM  PERUVIANUM.  Balsam  of  Peru, 

Natural  Order.—  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms.— Latin,  Balsamum  indicum  nigrum,  B.  peruvianum 
nigrum,  Myrospermum  peruiferum,  M.  pereirae,  Myroxylon  pereirae, 
M.  peruiferum;  English,  Balsam  of  Peru,  Quinquino;  French,  Baume 
de  Peron  ;  German,  Perubalsam. 

Description. —  The  source  of  this  balsam  is  a  tree  about  50  feet 
high,  with  a  straight,  smooth  trunk,  coarse  bark  and  spreading, 
ascending  branches,  6  to  10  feet  from  the  ground.  The  exudation 
from  the  trunk  of  the  tree,  after  the  removal  of  the  bark,  is  an  oleo- 
resin,  which  is  collected  on  wrappings  of  rags,  from  which  it  is 
removed  by  boiling.  During  the  latter  process,  impurities  are 
skimmed  off  and  the  balsam  obtained  is  a  viscid  liquid  of  the  consist- 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  149 

ence  of  honey,  black  in  bulk,  but  of  a  deep-orange  color  and  trans- 
parent when  in  thin  films.  It  has  an  agreeable  odor,  a  warm, 
bitter  taste,  and  is  inflammable,  giving  off  a  fragant,  white  smoke. 
It  is  composed  of  about  38  per  cent  of  black,  brittle,  odorless  and 
tasteless  resin,  and  60  per  cent  of  an  aromatic,  brown  liquid.  The 
balsam  is  soluble  in  about  five  parts  rectified  spirits. 

Habitat. —  San  Salvador  and  Central  America.  Fig.,  Bent,  and 
Trim.  83. 

History. —  It  was  in  use  as  a  medicament  as  early  as  the  beginning 
of  the  i /th  century.  It  was  erroneously  supposed  to  be  the  product 
of  Peru,  hence  its  name.  It  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  soap  for 
its  fragrance  and  as  it  gives  a  soft,  creamy  lather.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Lembke,  N.  Z.  f.  H.  Kl.  XII.  41. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  30.] 

Part  Used. — The  balsam. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Balsam  Peru,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  900  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 


BAPTISIA  TINCTORIA.  Wild  Indigo. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Podalyria  tinctoria,  Sophora  tinctoria ;  English, 
Horsefly  weed,  Indigo  broom,  Indigo  weed,  Indigofera,  Rattle  bush, 
Wild  indigo,  Yellow  broom ;  French,  Indigo  sauvage ;  German,  Baptisie. 

Description. —  A  perennial  plant,  with  short,  blackish  and  woody 
root,  yellowish  internally,  knotty  head,  2  to  3  inches  broad,  irregular 
broad  stem-scars  above,  sending  off  many  rootlets  underneath.  The 
stem,  2  to  3  feet  high,  is  round,  smooth,  glaucous  and  very  much 
branched.  The  leaves  are  small,  alternate,  palmately  trifoliate,  sub- 
sessile  ;  the  leaflets  are  rounded  at  the  extremity,  cuneate  at  the  base, 


I5O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

and  about  ^  inch  long.  Flowers,  June  to  August,  are  bright  yellow, 
and  in  small,  loose,  terminal  racemes.  Legume  short,  inflated,  bluish- 
black,  oval-globose,  on  a  long  stalk. 

Habitat. —  Growing  in  dry  places  in  many  parts  of  the  United 
States,  as  far  south  as  Florida  and  west  to  the  Mississippi,  occasion- 
ally in  damp  places.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  52. 

History. —  Its  young  shoots  were  eaten  as  asparagus.  Provings 
were  published  in  1857  by  Dr.  W.  L.  Thompson,  N.  A.  J.  Horn.  V. 
547.  [Allen's  Encye.  Mat.  Med.  II.  31 ;  X.  372.] 

Part  Used. —  Bark  of  the  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  1JTT. 
Baptisia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  100 

Strong  alcohol,  700 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven   parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher 


BAROSMA  CRENATA.  Buchu. 

Natural  Order. —  Rutaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Barosma  crenulata,  B.  eckloniana,  B.  odoratum, 
Baryosma  odorata,  Buchu  crenata,  Diosma  crenata,  D.  crenulata,  D. 
latifolia,  Parapetalif era  odorata ;  English,  Buchu ;  Vernacular,  Bookoo, 
Buku ;  French,  Feuilles  de  Bucco ;  German,  Bukublatter. 

Description. — A  slender,  smooth,  upright,  evergreen  shrub,  2  to  3 
feet  in  height,  twiggy,  somewhat  angular  branches,  brownish-purple 
bark.  The  leaves,  varying  in  form,  are  opposite,  flat,  short-stalked, 
spreading,  about  an  inch  long,  ovate  or  obovate,  acute,  serrate,  thick, 
glabrous  on  both  sides ;  under  surface  dotted  with  oil  cells,  one  also  in 
each  serrature.  The  flowers  are  pink  or  whitish,  terminal,  solitary,  on 
short,  lateral,  leafy  branches. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


Habitat.  —  Southern  Africa,  growing  abundantly  in  stony,  hilly 
valleys,  but  limited  in  extent.  Fig.,  Goullon,  5  1  ;  Bent.  &  Trim.  46. 

History.  —  The  leaves  are  odoriferous,  and  when  powdered  used  by 
the  Hottentots  under  the  name  of  Bookoo  or  Buku  for  anointing  their 
bodies.  It  was  used  as  a  medicine  early  in  the  i6th  century. 

Part  Used.  —  The  dried  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>  :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Barosma  crenata,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Trituralions  :  ix  and  higher. 


BAROSMA  SERRATIFOLIA.  Buku. 

Natural  Order. —  Rutacese. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Adenandra  serratifolia,  Diosma  serratifolia, 
Parapetalifera  serrata ;  English,  Buku ;  Vernacular,  Bucchu ;  German, 
Gesagtblatteriger  Buccostrauch. 

Description. —  A  shrub,  similar  to  Barosma  crenata,  having  blunt- 
pointed,  longer  leaves,  equally  narrowed  toward  either  end,  i  to  i^£ 
inches  long,  ^  mcn  wide. 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Barosma  serratifolia,  ioo  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


BARYTA  ACETICA.  Barium  Acetate. 

Barium  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol — Ba2C2H3O2 ;  254.62. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Barii  acetas;  English,  Acetate  of  barium, 
Acetate  of  baryta;  French,  Acetate  de"  baryte;  German,  Essigsaurer 
Baryt. 

Description. — A  white  powder,  soluble  in  1.25  parts  of  water  at 
I5°C.  It  is  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of  barium  carbonate  or 
sulfid  with  acetic  acid,  the  crystals  thus  obtained  having  the  composi- 
tion (C2H3O2)2Ba+H2O,  which,  when  dried  at  o°  C,  yield  the 
anhydrous  salt.  When  strongly  heated,  it  splits  into  acetone  and 
barium  carbonate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  42 ;  X.  372. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solutions  <j>:  Tx¥  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions:   To  contain  <f>  one  part,  two  parts  distilled  water, 

seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


BARYTA  CARBONICA.  Barium  Carbonate. 

Barium  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  BaCO3 ;  196.85. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Barii  carbonas,  Barytae  carbonas,  Barium 
carbonicum,  Carbonas  baryticus ;  English,  Carbonate  of  barium ; 
French,  Carbonate  de  baryte  ;  German,  Kohlensaures  Barium. 

Description. —  A  white,  soft,  tasteless  and  odorless  powder,  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  i  part  in  4000.  Insoluble  in  alcohol.  It  dissolves  in 
acid  with  production  of  carbon  dioxid,  the  solution  giving  a  heavy, 
white  precipitate  of  barium  sulfate,  with  soluble  sulfates.  At  a 
strong,  red  heat,  it  melts  into  a  white  enamel,  without  decomposition ; 
at  a  stronger  heat,  is  decomposed  into  carbon  dioxid  and  barium  oxid. 
It  is  formed  when  barium  oxid  is  exposed  to  the  air,  and  is  obtained 
when  an  aqueous  solution  of  barium  chlorid  or  barium  nitrate  is 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  153 

treated  with  ammonium  carbonate.  The  mineral  witherite  is  a  native 
barium  carbonate,  which  sometimes  occurs  in  large  crystals.  Men- 
tioned in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  49;  X.  372. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

BARYTA  IODATA.  Barium  lodid. 

Barium  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol.— BaI22H2O  ;  425.88. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Barii  iodidum;  English,  Iodide  of  barium; 
French,  lodure  de  baryum ;  German,  Jodbarium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  small,  colorless,  slender  needles ;  deliques- 
cent. Soluble  in  0.48  parts  of  water  at  ordinary  temperature,  readily 
soluble  in  alcohol.  It  is  not  decomposed  by  heat  in  a  closed  vessel, 
but  in  contact  with  air  decomposes  slowly  at  common  temperature, 
more  quickly  when  heated,  giving  off  vapors  of  iodin  and  leaving 
barium  oxid.  It  is  produced  when  hydriodic  acid  gas  is  passed  over 
barium  oxid  at  a  red  heat,  also  by  adding  powdered  barium  carbonate 
to  an  aqueous,  boiling  solution  of  ferrous  iodid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  ^  in  dilute  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications  ;  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher,  freshly  prepared. 

BARYTA  MURIATICA.  Barium  Chlorid. 

Barium  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  BaCl,2H2O;  243.56. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Barii  chloridum,  Barytae  chloricum  ;  English, 
Chloride  of  barium  ;  French,  Chlorure  de  baryum ;  German,  Chlor- 
baryum. 

Description. — Consists  of  colorless,  translucent,  rhombohedral  lam- 
elhe,  soluble  in  2.18  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol. 


154  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

The  crystals  decrepitate  in  the  fire,  and  have  an  unpleasant,  bitter  and 
sharp  saline  taste.  The  aqueous  solution  gives  a  white  precipitate 
with  soluble  sulfates.  It  becomes  alkaline  after  fusion.  It  prevents 
the  coagulation  and  putrefaction  of  blood.  It  is  obtained  from  barium 
carbonate  and  hydrochloric  acid,  and  is  poisonous.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  65;  X.  373. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f>:  -£$  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions  ;  2x  to  contain  <£  one  part,  four  parts  distilled  water, 

five  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations  ;  ix  and  higher. 


BEBEERINUM  SULPHURICUM.  Bebeerin  Sulfate. 

Bebeerinum  Sulfate. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Beberiae  sulphas,  Beberinae  sulphas;  English, 
Sulphate  of  beberine ;  French,  Sulfate  de  bebeerine  ;  German,  Schwe- 
felsaures  Bebirin. 

Description.— Consists  of  brown,  thin,  translucent  scales,  having 
a  bitter  taste.  Readily  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  The  commercial 
salt  is  very  rarely  pure,  containing  nectandrin  sulfate  (C20H23NO4)2 
H2SO4,  and  other  alkaloid  sulfates.  This  commercial  salt  gives  with 
from  6  to  8  parts  of  water  a  clear  brown  solution,  but  on  further  dilu- 
tion a  precipitate  is  formed,  caused  by  deficiency  of  sulfuric  acid.  It 
is  decomposed  by  heat,  without  residue.  It  is  prepared  from  bebeeru 
bark  and  from  nectandra.  The  pure  salt  is  yellowish-white  in  color. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


BELLADONNA.  Deadly  Nightshade. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,   Atropa  belladonna,   A.  lethalis,   Belladonna 
baccifera,   B.  trichotoma,  Solanum  furiosurn,  S.  hortense,  S.  lethal e, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  155 

S.  magus,  S.  maniacum,  S.  mclanoceros,  S.  somniferum,  S.  sylvaticum  ; 
English,  Common  dwale,  Deadly  nightshade;  French,  Belladone"; 
German,  Tollkraut. 

Description. —  A  large,  bushy,  perennial  herb,  with  a  thick,  fleshy, 
juicy,  branched  and  spreading  root,  pale-brown  externally,  white 
internally,  when  fresh.  The  stems  are  erect,  3  to  5  feet  high,  thick, 
cylindrical,  smooth,  dividing  at  first  into  three,  then  dichotomous, 
frequently  branching,  the  youngest  shoots  pubescent.  The  leaves  are 
numerous,  alternate  below,  in  pairs  above,  one  larger  than  the  other, 
short  stalked,  3  to  9  inches  long,  ovate,  entire,  dark-green  in  color. 
The  flowers,  May  to  August,  are  solitary  (rarely  two  or  three 
together),  axillary,  stalked,  drooping,  pedicel  as  long  or  longer  than 
the  calyx,  with  short,  glandular  hairs ;  calyx  five  cleft.  Corolla,  bell- 
shaped,  about  an  inch  long,  cut  into  five  lobes,  dull  reddish-purple, 
tinged  with  pale-green  below.  The  berries  ripen  in  September.  The 
whole  plant  is  fetid  when  bruised,  and  of  a  dark-purplish  color. 

Habitat. —  Common  in  Europe,  growing  in  ruins  and  waste  places. 
Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  60;  Winkler,  18;  Jahr  and  Cat.  172;  Goullon, 
187;  Bent,  and  Trim.  193. 

History. —  Named  from  Atropos,  one  of  the  fates,  whose  duty  it 
was  to  cut  the  thread  of  human  life.  Belladonna  —  fine  lady,  from 
being  used  as  a  wash  to  remove  pimples.  It  was  used  by  Leucota,  the 
famous  poisoner  of  Italy,  to  destroy  beautiful  women.  Introduced 
into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Hahnemann,  Frag.  d.  viribus  25. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  67;  X.  373,  645.] 

Part  Used. — The  whole  plant,  when  beginning  to  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Belladonna,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  47°  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  foiir  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


156  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

BELLIS  PERENNIS.  Daisy. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  English  daisy,  Garden  daisy,  Hen  and 
chickens ;  French,  La  paquerette ;  German,  Maslieben. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herbaceous  plant,  stemless,  scape  naked, 
single  headed.  Leaves  obovate,  crenate.  Flowers  are  white.  Heads 
many  flowered,  radiate,  the  rays  numerous  and  pistillate.  Scales  on  the 
involucre  herbaceous.  Flowers  March  to  August. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1858  by  Dr. 
Henry  Thomas,  B.  J.  Horn.  XVI.  128.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
II.  128.] 

Part  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Bellis  perennis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  350  Cc.  =  450 

Strong  alcohol,  683  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

BENZINUM  NITRICUM.  Nitro  Benzol 

Betuinum  Nitrate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C6H5NO2;  122.75. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Benzinum  petrolii,  yEther  petrolei,  Nitroben- 
zolum;  English,  Petroleum  benzin,  Petroleum  ether,  Nitro  benzine, 
Artificial  oil  of  bitter  almonds,  Essence  of  mirbane;  French,  Esprit 
de  pe*trole ;  German,  Petroleumbensin. 

Description. — A  yellowish,  oily  liquid  having  a  very  sweet  taste 
and  an  odor  suggestive  of  bitter  almonds.  It  boils  at  210°  C.  and 
crystallizes  in  needles  at  3°C.  It  is  slightly  soluble  in  water,  and 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  157 

freely  soluble  in  alcohol.  Its  vapors,  when  inhaled,  produce  head- 
ache and  sleepiness.  When  in  alcoholic  solution  it  is  readily  con- 
verted into  anilin  by  nascent  hydrogen.  Treated  with  strong  nitric 
acid,  it  is  converted  into  a  mixture  of  isomeric  dinitrobenzols  C6H4 
(NO2)2.  It  is  not  acted  upon  by  chlorin  nor  bromin  at  ordinary 
temperatures,  but  its  vapor  is  decomposed  when  it  is  passed  with 
chlorin  through  a  red-hot  tube,  yielding  also  hydrochloric  acid.  It  is 
prepared  from  benzol  and  strong  nitric  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  II.  130;  X.  383. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  -fa  in  strong  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions :  zx  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


BENZOINUM.  Benzoin. 

Natural  Order. —  Styraceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Resina  benzoe,  Asa  dulcis ;  English,  Gum 
benjamin;  French,  Benjoin;  German,  Benzoe. 

Description. —  A  balsamic  resin  obtained  from  Styrax  benzoin. 
Consists  of  large  blocks  of  various  shapes,  of  white,  shining  masses, 
agglutinated  by  a  brown  resin.  Its  odor  is  aromatic  and  its  taste, 
slight  at  first,  is,  after  a  while,  hot  and  aromatic  and  produces  an 
irritation  on  the  mucous  surfaces.  It  is  easily  pulverized.  Is  insolu- 
ble in  water,  soluble  in  5  parts  of  alcohol  at  a  moderate  tempera- 
ture. The  residue  insoluble  in  alcohol  consists  generally  of  earth  and 
pieces  of  bark  which  have  been  added  to  increase  the  weight  of  the 
pure  masses.  When  heated  it  gives  off  vapors  of  benzoic  acid.  In 
boiling  water  benzoic  acid  is  dissolved.  With  alkaline  solutions  it 
forms  benzoates.  The  white  tears  contain  cinnamic  acid.  When 
treated  with  calcium  oxid,  vanillin  is  obtained,  and  when  submitted  to 
dry  distillation  the  chief  product  obtained  is  benzoic  acid,  together 
with  empyreumatic  products  and  styrol.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  X.  385. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :   ix  and  higher. 


158  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

BERBERINUM.  Berberin. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C20H17NO4. 

Synonyms. —  Berberine,  Berberia. 

An  alkaloid  found  in  Berberis  vulgaris,  Hydrastis  canadensis, 
Calumba,  Coptis,  and  other  plants. 

Description. —  Consists  of  yellow  prisms  or  needles,  permanent  in 
air,  but  turns  brown  at  a  temperature  of  110°,  and  blackens  at  160°. 
Of  a  bitter  taste,  and  has  a  faint  quinin  odor  on  warming.  It  dis- 
solves in  300  parts  of  cold  water,  and  is  difficultly  soluble  in  alcohol. 
Its  solutions  are  neutral,  and  on  being  heated  over  a  water-bath  lose 
19.3  per  cent  of  water.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  139. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


BERBERIS  AQUIFOLIUM.  Mountain  Grape. 

Natural  Order. — Berberidaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Oregon  grape  root,  Holly-leaved  barberry. 

Description. — A  bushy,  branching  shrub,  having  a  woody  root, 
brownish  externally,  bright  yellow  internally,  and  a  stem  from  2  to  6 
feet  high.  The  leathery  leaves  are  pinnate,  in  3  to  6  pairs,  ovate  to 
oblong-lanceolate,  inequilateral,  or  slightly  cordate  at  the  base,  \y2  to  3 
inches  long,  with  spinulose  margins.  The  filiaments  are  two-toothed. 
The  yellow  flowers  are  in  short,  upright  clusters,  and  open  early.  A 
dark-purple,  nearly  spherical,  few-seeded  berry  forms  the  fruit  of  this 
variety.  As  generally  sold,  the  intensely  bitter  tasting  root  appears 
in  pieces  about  12  inches  long  and  %  inch  thick.  Its  yellow  color 
within  is  due  to  the  alkaloid  berberin. 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  bark. 

Habitat. — Western  United  States;  especially  abundant  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  Pacific  coast. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  159 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^ 

Berberis  aquifolium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  100  Cc.  =  200 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


BERBERIS  VULGARIS.  Barberry. 

Natural  Order. —  Berberidaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Berberis  canadensis  dumetorum,  B.  irritabalis, 
B.  pisifera,  B.  serrulata,  B.  sinensis,  Oxycantha,  Pedunculis  race- 
mosis,  Spina  acida,  Spinis  triplicibus;  English,  Pipperidge  bush; 
French,  Epine-vinette ;  German,  Berberitzen. 

Description. — A  deciduous  shrub  with  thick,  branching,  tough, 
porous  root  of  pale-yellow  color,  with  thin,  inodorous,  bitter  bark  of 
yellowish-gray  color  externally,  and  having  a  smooth,  orange-yellow 
inner  surface.  The  stem  is  from  3  to  8  feet  high,  higher  under  culti- 
vation, with  thorny,  alternate,  angular  branches,  hanging  at  the  top, 
bark  light  gray  or  yellow-brown,  the  wood  fine  and  yellow.  The  leaves 
are  in  tufts  somewhat  obovate,  more  or  less  pointed,  serrated  and 
fringed,  and  with  three-cleft,  spreading,  sharp  thorns  at  the  base  of 
each  leaf-bud.  The  flowers,  May  and  June,  are  in  drooping  many- 
flowered  racemes;  are  bright  yellow  with  red  glands,  and  are  suc- 
ceeded by  oblong,  scarlet  berries  growing  in  loose  bunches. 

Habitat. —  Common  throughout  Europe  and  north  of  Asia,  natural- 
ized in  New  England  and  other  parts  of  the  United  States,  where  it 
has  become  wild.  Found  in  waste  grounds  and  thickets.  Fig.,  Flor. 
Horn.  1.88;  Winkler,25  ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  173;  Goullon,  9;  Millspaugh,  15. 


I6O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  The  name  is  a  corruption  of  amyrberis,  amerberys  or 
berberys,  the  Arabic  name  of  the  fruit.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1835  by  Dr.  Hesse,  Bib.  Horn,  de  Gen.  v.  46.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  139.] 

Part  Used. — The  bark  of  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Berberis  vulgaris,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  80  Cc.=  180 

Distilled  water,  420  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


BISMUTHUM  OXYDATUM.  Bismuthous  Oxid. 

Bismuthum  Oxid 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Bi2O3 ;  465.68. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Bismuthi  oxidum,  Oxydum  bismuthicum ; 
English,  Oxide  of  bismuth,  Sesqui-oxide  of  bismuth;  French,  Oxyde 
de  bismuth ;  German,  Wismuthoxyd. 

Description. — A  lemon-yellow,  odorless,  tasteless,  partly  crystalline 
powder,  insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol ;  soluble  in  nitric  acid,  without 
effervescence.  It  melts  at  a  red  heat,  and  solidifies  on  cooling  to  a 
glassy  mass  of  a  deeper  color  than  the  powder.  It  is  reduced  to  the 
metallic  state  when  heated  on  carbon.  It  is  prepared  from  bismuth 
sub-nitrate  and  sodium  hydrate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
II.  183. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  I  x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  l6l 

BISMUTHUM  SUBNITRICUM.  Bismuth  Sub-nitrate. 
Bismuthum  Sub-nitrate. 

Chemical  Symbol — BiONO3H2O  ;  304.71. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Bismuth!  subnitras,  Bismuth!  magisterium, 
Bismuthum  album ;  English,  Subnitrate  of  bismuth,  White  bismuth ; 
French,  Sous-azotate  de  bismuth;  German,  Basisches  Wismuthnitrat 
Salpetersaures  Wismuthoxyd. 

Description. — A  heavy,  white,  glossy  powder  in  minute  crystals, 
odorless  and  tasteless,  almost  insoluble  in  water,  insoluble  in  alcohol, 
unaltered  by  air.  It  blackens  when  in  contact  with  hydrogen  sulfid. 
When  moistened  with  water  it  has  a  slightly  acid  reaction.  At  a  red 
heat  it  gives  off  yellowish-red  vapors  and  leaves  bismuthous  oxid. 
Heated  on  charcoal,  brittle  globules  of  bismuth  are  obtained,  and  the 
charcoal  becomes  covered  with  a  slight  encrustation,  orange-colored 
when  hot,  yellow  when  cold.  It  is  prepared  with  bismuth,  nitric  acid, 
and  water.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  186;  X.  386. 
PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :  ix  and  higher. 

BORAX.  Sodium  Pyroborate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Na2B4O7,  ioH2O;  380.92. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sodii  boras,  Sodae  boras,  Natrium  biboricum, 
Natrum  boracicum,  Natrum  biboracicum,  Boras  sodicus,  Borax  veneta ; 
English,  Borate  of  sodium,  Biborate  of  soda,  Sodic  pyroborate ; 
French,  Borate  de  soude  ;  German,  Natrium  Pyroborat. 

Description. —  Consists  of  large,  colorless,  transparent,  inodorous 
prisms  having  a  cooling,  sweetish  taste.  Soluble  in  16  parts  of 
water  at  I5°C,  insoluble  in  alcohol.  In  dry  air  it  effloresces  and 
becomes  opaque.  When  heated  it  loses  some  water  and  forms  a 
white  swelled  mass.  At  a  red  heat,  all  its  water  of  crystallization  is 
eliminated,  it  melts  and  on  cooling  assumes  the  appearance  of  color- 
less glass.  It  gives  to  the  flame  a  yellow  color,  but  when  its  solution 
is  treated  with  hydrochloric  acid  it  imparts  to  the  flame  a  green  color. 
It  is  a  native  salt.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  195. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations  :  ix  and  higher. 


1 62  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

BOVISTA.  Puff  Ball. 

Natural  Order. —  Fungi. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Bovista  lycopodon,  B.  nigrescens,  B.  officinalis, 
Crepitus  lupi,  Fungus  chirurgorum,  F.  ovatus,  Lycoperdon  bovista, 
L.  areolatum,  L.  caelatum,  L.  gemmatum,  L.  globosum  ;  English, 
Warted  puff  ball ;  French,  Vesse-loup  ;  German,  Bovist. 

Description. —  Stemless,  globular  in  form,  smooth,  soft  surface, 
varying  from  size  of  a  pea  to  12  inches  in  diameter,  white  inside  and 
out  when  young,  darkening  with  age  and  becoming  black  and  stiff. 
The  white,  cottony  contents  become  dark  entangled  fibers  holding  a 
quantity  of  black  dust,  or  spores. 

Habitat. —  Most  parts  of  Europe  and  Asia  Minor,  growing  in  dry 
meadows.  Fig.,  Flora.  Horn.  I.  95  ;  Winkler,  89;  Jahr  and  Cat.  174. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1831  by  Drs. 
Hartlaub  &  Trinks,  R.  A.  M.  L.  III.  i.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
II.  212  ;  X.  386.] 

Part  Used. — The  ripe  fungus. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fo. 

Bovista,  the  ripe,  dry  powder,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  400  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

BRACHYGLOTTIS  REPENS.  Puka  Puka. 

Natural  Order. —  Composite. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Brachyglottis  forsteri ;    Vernacular,  Puka  Puka. 

Description. — A  shrub,  at  times  attaining  the  size  of  a  tree  20  feet 
high,  with  large,  broad,  deeply  toothed,  glossy  leaves,  downy  on  under 
surface.  Flower-heads  numerous,  small,  yellow,  in  terminal  panicles. 

Habitat.—  Native  of  New  Zealand. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  163 

\ 

History. —  Name  signifying  a  short  tongue.  It  is  used  by  the 
natives  as  paper,  whence  the  native  name  puka  puka  came  to  be 
applied  by  them  to  English  paper.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1878  by  Dr.  L.  C.  Fisher,  N.  A.  J.  Horn.  XXVII.  41. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  386.] 

Parts  Used. — The  green  leaves  and  flowers. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Brachyglottis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333  Cc. 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


BRANCA  URSINA.  Bear's  Breech. 

Natural  Order. — Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Acanthus  vulgaris,  Heracleum  auritum,  H. 
dulce,  H.  lanatum,  H.  panacea,  H.  sphondylium,  Pastinacae  vulgaris, 
Pseudo-acanthus ;  English,  Bear's  breech,  Common  cow  parsnip,  Cow 
parsley,  Hogweed,  Masterwort;  French,  fierce;  German,  Barworz, 
Gemeine  Barenklau. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb  with  a  large,  fusiform, 
branching  root,  yellowish  externally,  whitish  internally.  The  stem, 
about  3  to  6  feet  high,  is  erect,  furrowed,  hairy,  branching  at  top. 
The  leaves  are  pinnatifid,  with  large  sheathing  petioles  and  leaflets 
with  3  to  5  lobed  segments.  The  flowers,  appearing  in  June  and  July, 
are  white,  in  huge  umbels.  The  rind  and  root  are  acrid  and  contain 
sugar. 

Habitat. —  All  over  Europe,  in  meadows  and  edges  of  woods. 


164  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Named  from  Hercules.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1838  by  Dr.  Rosenburg,  Arch.  XVII.  2,  46.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  588.] 

Part  Used. — The  whole  plant  during  flowering. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Branca  ursina,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm. 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  •  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  3x  and  higher. 


BROMIUM.  Bromin. 

Chemical  Symbol. — Br;  79.76. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Bromum,  Brominium ;  French,  Br6me;  German, 
Brom. 

Description. — A  mobile,  dark-red  liquid  at  the  ordinary  tempera- 
ture, having  a  disagreeable,  irritating  and  suffocating  odor.  It  con- 
geals at  24°  C.,  boils  at  63°  C.,  is  soluble  at  15°  C.  in  33  parts  of  water, 
but  more  readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  chloroform  or  carbon 
disulfid.  Its  aqueous  solutions  are  decomposed  and  bleached  by  the 
action  of  light,  and  hydrobromic  acid  is  formed.  When  in  contact 
with  water  at  a  low  temperature,  bromin  forms  a  hydrate,  Br2ioH2O, 
having  a  clear,  deep  red  color,  and  crystallizing  in  octahedrons.  This 
hydrate  is  decomposed  into  bromin  and  water  at  a  temperature  of 
I5°C.  In  contact  with  most  of  the  metals  it  forms  bromids  and 
destroys  organic  matter.  It  is  extracted  from  the  water  of  mineral 
springs.  It  evaporates  at  low  temperatures,  and  as  it  is  very  corrosive, 
the  inhalation  of  its  vapor  must  be  avoided.  Bromin  should  be  kept 
in  glass-stoppered  bottles  in  a  cool  place.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  II.  229 ;  X.  392.  Maximum  dose  3  minims,  well 
diluted. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f>  :  Drug  strength 

Bromium,  in  saturated  aqueous  solution  (strength  -^),  330  Cc. 

Distilled  water,  670  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  3x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water. 

Bromin,  in  alcoholic  solution,  changes  rapidly  into  hydrobromic 
acid,  and  its  aqueous  solution  loses  rapidly  in  strength  and  is  decom- 
posed by  action  of  light.  The  solutions  and  dilutions  should,  there- 
fore, be  freshly  prepared. 

BRUCINUM.  Brucin. 

Chemical  Symbol.  —  C23H26N2O4. 

Synonym.  —  Brucia. 

Description.  —  Consists  of  white,  silky,  odorless,  rhomboidal  prisms, 
having  an  extremely  bitter  taste.  This  salt  loses  its  water  of  crystalli- 
zation while  efflorescing.  Is  soluble  in  850  parts  of  water  at  common 
temperature,  more  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  very  soluble  at  ordi- 
nary temperature  in  water  saturated  with  carbon  dioxid.  Is  feebly 
alkaline  to  litmus  or  phenol  phthalein.  At  a  temperature  of  100°  C. 
the  crystals  melt,  leaving  a  wax-like  mass  ;  at  a  higher  temperature 
they  volatilize  without  residue.  Strong  nitric  acid  gives  a  deep  red 
color  with  brucin,  changed  to  violet  by  stannous  chlorid  or  white 
ammonium  sulfid;  chlorin  or  chlorin  water  gives  a  bright  red  color 
which  is  changed  to  brown  by  the  action  of  ammonium  hydrate. 
It  is  obtained  from  false  angustura  bark  and  from  the  seeds  of 
strychnos  nux  vomica.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  249. 
A  poison.  Maximum  dose  y±  grain. 
PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations  :  ix  and  higher. 

BRYONIA  ALBA.  White  Bryony. 

Natural  Order.  —  Cucurbitacae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Bryonia  vera,  Uva  angina,  U.  serpentina,  Vitis 
alba,  V.  nigra;  English,  Black-berried  bryony,  Black-berried  white 
bryony,  White  bryony,  Wild  hops  ;  French,  Couleuvr^e  ;  German, 
Zaunriibe. 


l66  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  perennial,  climbing,  herbaceous  vine,  with  a  fusi- 
form, branched  root  2  feet  long,  2  to  4  inches  thick,  transversely 
wrinkled,  yellowish  gray  externally,  white  internally,  with  a  disagree- 
able taste,  and  a  nauseating  odor  which  disappears  on  drying.  The 
stem  is  rough  and  channelled  with  spiral  tendrils.  The  leaves  are 
alternate,  cordate,  five-lobed,  rough  and  of  a  bright  green  color.  The 
flowers,  June  and  July,  are  small,  greenish  yellow,  monecious,  in 
axillary  racemes ;  the  male  flower  being  on  long  peduncles,  and  the 
female  larger  than  the  male.  The  berries  are  globular  and  black, 
about  y±  inch  in  diameter. 

Habitat. —  Middle  and  south  of  Europe,  in  vineyards  and  woods. 
Fig.,  Flor.  Horn.  I.  99;  Winkler,  26 ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  175;  Goullon,  in. 

History. —  One  of  the  remedies  mentioned  by  Dioscorides.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1816,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  1st  ed.  V.  2. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  249;  X.  392.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root  before  flowering. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  (f>:  Drug  strength  T^. 
Bryonia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CACTUS  GRANDIFLORUS,        Night-Blooming  Cereus. 

Natural  Order. — Cactaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cereus  grandiflorus ;  English,  Night-blooming 
cereus ;  French,  Ciege  a  grandes  fleurs ;  German,  Konigin  der  Nacht. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  undershrub,  with  a  creeping  root. 
The  green,  branching  stem,  i  foot  high,  with  5  or  6  angles,  is  succu- 
lent and  armed  with  clusters  of  5  or  6  short  radiating  spines  or  bristles. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


The  large,  beautiful,  sweet-scented  yellow  flower,  with  pure  white 
petals,  opening  only  once  and  in  the  evening,  and  closing  again  before 
morning,  is  nearly  i  foot  in  diameter. 

Habitat. —  Generally  hot,  stany  places  of  tropical  America. 

History. —  Name  originally  given  by  Theophrastus  to  a  spiny  plant 
of  Sicily.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1864  by  Dr. 
Rubini,  El.  Crit.  Med.  V.  514.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  321.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  flowers  and  young  twigs. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Cactus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  reduced  to  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  470  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

CADMIUM  SULPHURATUM.  Cadmium  Sulfid. 

Cadmium  Sulfid. 

Chemical  Symbol — CdS;  143.48. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cadmii  sulphidum;  English,  Sulphide  of 
cadmium,  Cadmic  sulfid,  Greenockite;  French,  Sulfure  de  cadmium; 
German,  Schwefelcadmium. 

Description. —  Found  in  nature  in  yellow  prisms.  Artificially  pre- 
pared, it  is  a  yellow,  odorless  and  tasteless  powder,  insoluble  in  water 
and  alcohol,  soluble  in  concentrated  hydrochloric  acid  with  disengage- 
ment of  hydrogen  sulfid.  At  a  red  heat  it  melts  and  crystallizes  in 
lemon-yellow  plates.  It  is  prepared  by  precipitating  a  solution  of  a 
cadmium  salt  with  hydrogen  sulfid,  or  by  heating  a  mixture  of  sulfur 
and  cadmium  oxid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  330. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :  ix  and  higher. 


l68  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

CADMIUM  SULPHURICUM.  Cadmium  Sulfate. 

Cadmium  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— 3CdSO48H2O;  765.64, 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cadmii  sulphas,  Sulfas  cadmicus;  English, 
Sulphate  of  cadmium,  Cadmic  sulfate ;  French,  Sulfate  de  cadmium ; 
German,  Schwefelsaures  Cadmiumoxyd. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  odorless,  transparent  prisms, 
having  an  astringent,  metallic  taste,  efflorescent  in  air,  soluble  in  1.6 
parts  of  water  at  ordinary  temperature,  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol. 
Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  white  precipitate  with  ammonia,  soluble 
in  an  excess  of  reagent;  with  hydrogen  sulfid,  a  yellow  precipitate  of 
cadmium  sulfid,  and  with  barium  chlorid  or  nitrate,  a  white  precipitate. 
At  a  white  heat  this  salt  is  decomposed,  sulfur  dioxid  and  oxygen  are 
given  off,  and  cadmium  oxid  is  left.  It  is  prepared  from  cadmium 
oxid  or  carbonate  and  sulfuric  acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Trittirations :  ix  and  higher. 


CAFFEINUM.  Caffein. 

Caffeiru 

Chemical  Symbol.— C8H10N4O2H2O;  211.68. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Caffeina;  English,  Caffeine,  Caffeia,  Theine, 
Guaranine ;  French,  Cafeine  Theine ;  German,  Koffem  Kaff em,  Them. 

Description. — When  crystallized,  caffiein  consists  of  colorless  or 
white,  opaque,  silky  needles,  or  long,  slender  prisms,  odorless,  and 
having  a  rather  bitter  taste.  Soluble  in  from  75  to  80  parts  of  water, 
in  from  35  to  50  parts  of  alcohol  at  15°  C.,  and  in  500  parts  of  ether; 
slightly  soluble  in  carbon  disulfid.  The  reaction  of  these  solutions  is 
neutral.  It  is  fusible,  and  is  sublimed  without  residue.  It  gives  a 
reddish  yellow  residue  when  dissolved  in  chlorin  water  and  evaporated 
at  the  heat  of  a  water-bath.  At  a  higher  temperature  this  residue 
becomes  golden-yellow.  In  strong  aqueous  solution,  a  white,  crystal- 
line precipitate  is  obtained  with  silver  nitrate,  long  needles  with 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  169 

mercuric  chlorid,  and  yellow  scales  with  palladium  chlorid.  Caffein  is 
obtained  from  the  leaves  and  berries  of  the  coffee  plant,  and  is  also 
found  in  the  leaves  of  the  tea  plant.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, X.  473. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CAINCA.  David's  Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Rubiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cahinca,  Chiococca  anguicida,  C.  anguifuga, 
C.  densifolia,  C.  racemosa,  Serpentaria  brasiliana;  English,  Cluster- 
flowered  snow-berry,  David's  root;  French,  Cainga;  German,  Cainca- 
wurzel. 

Description. —  An  ornamental  evergreen  shrub,  about  6  feet  high, 
with  branched,  reddish-brown  root,  striated  lengthwise,  with  irregular 
and  transverse  fissures.  The  leaves  are  ovate,  acuminate.  The 
flowers,  racemose,  axillary,  one-sided,  and  nodding,  are  fragrant, 
white,  and  appear  in  February.  The  berries  are  small  and  white. 

Habitat. —  West  Indies,  Florida,  Central  America,  and  a  portion  of 
South  America,  Island  of  Jamaica.  Fig.,  Winkler,  47;  Goullon,  135. 

History. —  Used  by  the  natives  of  Jamaica  as  an  antidote  to  snake 
bite.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1835,  Arch,  de  L. 
Med.  Horn.  II.  73.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  332.] 

Part  Used.—  The  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  TV- 
Cainca,  100  Gm., 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  I  x  and  higher. 


I7O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

CALADIUM  SEGUINUM.  American  Arum. 

Natural  Order. —  Araceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Arum  seguinum,  Diffenbachia  seguina; 
English,  Dumb  cane,  Poison  arum,  Poisonous  American  arum, 
Poisonous  pediveau ;  French,  Pediveau  veneneux ;  German,  Giftiger 
Aron,  Schierlings  Caladium. 

Description. —  A  small,  arborescent,  palm-like,  evergreen  under- 
shrub,  with  stem  5  to  6  feet  high,  slender,  singularly  spotted  or  scarred 
by  remains  of  fallen  leaves.  Rhizome,  very  poisonous  if  chewed.  The 
leaves  are  ovate,  oblong,  undulated,  acute,  with  a  thick  mid-rib,  and 
often  perforated.  Spathes  axillary,  5  to  6  inches  long,  oblong,  stalked, 
convolute  with  the  apex  of  spadix  just  protruding.  Spadix  cylindrical, 
male  wholly  at  apex,  female  wholly  with  abortive  stamens  intermixed 
at  the  base,  and  naked  in  the  middle.  Flowers  are  white,  appearing 
in  May. 

Habitat. —  West  Indies  and  South  America.     Fig.,  Winkler,  29. 

History. —  Meaning  unknown.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1832  by  Dr.  Hering,  Arch.  XL;  2,  160.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  11.337;  X.  398.] 

Part  Used — -The  fresh  plant  or  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -^. 
Caladium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts   alcohol ;   3x   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

CALCAREA  ACETICA.      Calcium  Acetate  of  Hahnemann. 
Calcarea  Acetate  Hahn. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Ca(C2H3O2)2;  157.63. 

Synonym. —  Hahnemann's  acetate  of  lime. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  171 

The  substance  used  by  Hahnemann  was  an  impure  acetate  of  lime, 
prepared  in  the  following  manner :  Boil  clean  oyster  shells  for  an  hour, 
in  pure  water,  break  or  crush  to  a  coarse  powder  in  a  wedgewood  or 
porcelain  mortar,  dissolve  in  dilute  acetic  acid  by  aid  of  heat  until  the 
acid  is  saturated,  filter  and  reduce  by  evaporation  to  one-fifth  its 
volume.  The  solution  obtained  will  be  of  a  deep  yellow  color,  which, 
after  a  time,  precipitates  a  dark  brown,  mucilaginous  substance  leaving 
a  lighter  colored  liquid.  To  this  lighter  colored  liquid  add  an  equal 
quantity  of  dispensing  alcohol.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
II.  344. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <£  .'  Drug  strength  -fa. 

The  above  preparation  should  contain  about  ten  per  cent  of  acetate 
of  lime,  hence  may  be  considered  the  ix  solution. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

CALCAREA  ARSENICICA.  Calcium  Arsenate. 

Calcarea  Arseniate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Ca3(AsO)4;  483.17. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Calcii  arsenias;  English,  Tricalcium  ortho- 
arsenate. 

Description. —  A  white,  crystalline  powder,  insoluble  in  water, 
obtained  by  adding  sodium  arsenate  to  calcium  chlorid.  An  active 
poison.  Maximum  dose  T^  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

CALCAREA  BROMATA.  Calcium  Bromid. 

Calcarea  Bromid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  CaBr2;  199.43. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Calcii  bromidum,  Calcium  bromatum  ;  English, 
Bromide  of  calcium ;  French,  Bromure  de  calcium ;  German,  Bromcal- 
cium. 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Description.  —  A  white,  granular  or  powdery,  neutral  salt,  having  an 
extremely  bitter  and  saline  taste.  Deliquescent  in  air.  It  is  soluble 
at  I5°C.  in  0.7  parts  of  water  and  I  part  of  alcohol.  It  melts  at  a 
red  heat,  giving  off  bromin.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  decomposed  by 
chlorin  ;  bromin  is  set  free,  and  can  be  dissolved  in  chloroform,  with  a 
reddish  color.  It  gives  with  ammonium  oxalate  a  white  precipitate, 
insoluble  in  acetic,  soluble  in  hydrochloric  acid.  It  is  prepared  by 
dissolving  pure  calcium  carbonate  in  hydrobromic  acid  and  evaporating 
the  solution.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  394. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations  :  2x  and  higher. 

CALCAREA  CARBONICA. 

Calcarea  Carbonate  Hahn*       Calcium  Carbonate  of  Hahnemann. 

Chemical  Symbol  —  CaCO3  ;  99.76. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Calcarea  ostrearum,  Ostrea  edulis,  Testa 
ostryas  ;  English,  Oyster  shells,  Impure  carbonate  of  lime;  French, 
Carbonate  de  chau  ;  German,  Calciumkarbonat. 

The  substance  used  by  Hahnemann  was  an  impure  carbonate  of 
lime  as  it  exists  in  the  oyster  shell.  Take  well  selected,  tolerably  thick 
oyster  shells,  clean  and  break  in  a  wedgewood  or  porcelain  mortar, 
select  the  pure  white  portions  which  exist  between  the  exterior  and 
inner  surfaces,  wash  carefully  in  distilled  water,  dry  over  a  water  bath, 
and  reduce  to  a  fine  powder.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
11.351. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

CALCAREA  CAUSTICA.  Calcium  Hydrate, 

Calcarea  Caustic. 

Chemical  Symbol.  —  CaH2O2;  73.83. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Calcii  hydras,  Calcis  hydras;  English,  Hydrate 
of  calcium,  Hydrate  of  lime,  Slacked  lime;  French,  Chaux  hydratee; 
German,  Kalkhydrat. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  173 

Description. — A  soft,  white,  odorless  powder,  with  a  strong  alkaline 
taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  to  the  extent  of  0.137  parts  in  100  parts  of 
water ;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  It  dissolves  in  acids  without  the  evolu- 
tion of  gas.  Exposed  to  air,  it  absorbs  carbon  dioxid,  and  is  trans- 
formed into  the  carbonate.  Submitted  to  a  red  heat  it  loses  its  water 
of  crystallization  and  leaves  anhydrous  oxid  (CaO).  Its  aqueous  solu- 
tion gives  a  crystalline,  colorless  precipitate  with  ammonium  oxalate. 
Soluble  in  hydrochloric  and  nitric  acids.  This  salt  is  obtained  by 
burning  Carrara  marble  in  a  covered  crucible  until  the  addition  of 
hydrochloric  acid  no  longer  causes  effervescence.  After  cooling,  it  is 
placed  in  a  porcelain  capsule  and  slaked  by  adding  one-half  its  weight 
of  distilled  water.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  385. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solutions  <j> :  3x  drug  strength  10100. 
Fresh  slaked  lime  i  Gm., 

Distilled  water,  icoo  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  4x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water. 

All  preparations  of  this  medicine  should  be  freshly  prepared  and 
kept  in  green  glass  or  bohemian  glass  bottles. 

CALCAREA  FLUORICA.  Calcium  FIuoricL 

Calcarea  Fluorid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  CaF2 ;  77.91. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Calcii  fluoridum;  English,  Calcic  fluorid, 
Fluor  spar. 

Description. —  Occurs  in  nature  in  large  deposits.  When  powdered, 
it  is  whitish  gray,  inodorous  and  tasteless.  It  is  soluble  in  26544  parts 
of  water  at  15°  C.  It  is  contained  in  bones  and  teeth.  It  melts  at  a 
low,  red  heat,  and  after  fusion  assumes  the  appearance  of  a  glassy 
substance.  Treated  with  concentrated  sulfuric  acid,  it  evolves  hydro- 
fluoric acid  vapors  which  corrode  glass  and  leave  a  residue  of  calcium 
sulfate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  398. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


174  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

CALCAREA  HYPOPHOSPHOROSA. 

Calcarea  Hypophosphite.  Calcium  Hypophosphite. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Ca2PH2O2 ;  169.67. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Calcii  hypophosphis,  Calcis  hypophosphis., 
Calcium  hypophosphorosum,  Hypophosphis  calcicus ;  English,  Hypo- 
phosphite  of  lime ;  French,  Hypophosphite  de  chaux  ;  German,  Unter- 
phosphorigsaurer  Kalk. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white,  crystalline,  glassy  powder,  odor- 
less, having  a  bitter,  nauseous  taste.  In  the  dry  state  it  is  permanent, 
but  in  aqueous  solution  it  is  gradually  transformed  by  oxidation  with 
calcium  phosphate.  Heated  in  a  dry  tube,  it  deflagrates,  emits  inflam- 
mable phosphorus  vapors  and  leaves  a  residue  of  calcium  pyrophosphate 
with  small  quantities  of  red  phosphorus.  It  is  soluble  in  six  parts  of 
water  at  15°  C;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  It  is  obtained  from  phosphorus 
and  calcium  hydrate  suspended  in  water. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


CALCAREA  IODATA.  Calcium  lodid. 

Calcarea  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  CaI2;  292.97. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Calcii  iodas;  English,  Iodide  of  calcium,  Calcic 
iodide ;  French,  lodate  de  chaux;  German,  Jodsaurer  Kalk. 

Description. —  A  white  salt,  crystallizing  in  pearly  scales,  markedly 
deliquescent.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  0.49  parts  of  water;  readily  soluble 
in  alcohol.  When  its  aqueous  solution  is  exposed  to  air,  it  is  partly 
decomposed,  and  a  precipitate  of  calcium  carbonate  is  formed.  It 
gives  a  white  precipitate  with  ammonium  oxalate.  It  is  obtained  by 
dissolving  calcium  hydrate  in  hydriodic  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  II.  392. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  175 

CALCAREA  MURIATICA.  Calcium  Chlorid. 

Calcarea  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol. — CaCl.,  ;  110.65. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Calcii  chloridum,  Calcium  chloratum,  Chlori- 
dum  calcicum ;  English,  Chloride  of  calcium,  Calcic  chlorid,  Muriate 
of  lime,  Hydrochlorate  of  lime;  French,  Chlorure  de  calcium ;  German, 
Chlorcalcium. 

Description. — A  white,  odorless,  hygrometric  salt,  with  a  saline, 
bitter  taste.  It  is  soluble  in  1.35  parts  of  water  at  common  tempera- 
ture, and  in  8  parts  of  alcohol.  Fuses  at  a  red  heat  without  decompo- 
sition, but  at  a  higher  temperature  is  partially  decomposed.  Some 
hydrochloric  acid  is  disengaged  and  calcium  oxid  formed,  which  gives 
to  the  salt  an  alkaline  reaction.  Ammonium  oxalate  produces  a  white 
precipitate  in  its  aqueous  solutions.  It  is  prepared  from  calcium  oxid 
or  its  carbonate  and  hydrochloric  acid.  It  must  be  kept  in  well- 
stoppered  bottles.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  646. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f>:  ^  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions :   2x  with  dilute  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispens- 

ing alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

Preparations  of  this  medicine  should  be  freshly  made  and  kept  in 
well-stoppered  bottles. 


CALCAREA  OXALICA.  Calcium  Oxalate. 

Calcarea  Oxalate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Ca2CO2 ;  127.69. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Oxalate  of  lime. 

Description. —  A  white,  crystalline  powder,  odorless  and  tasteless, 
permanent  in  air.  Soluble  in  500,000  parts  of  water;  insoluble  in 
alcohol,  or  acetic  acid,  but  dissolved  by  hydrochloric  acid.  At  a  red 
heat  it  is  decomposed  into  carbon  monoxid  and  calcium  carbonate ;  a 


176  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

further  decomposition  takes  place  at  a  higher  temperature,  the  calcium 
carbonate  being  decomposed  into  carbon  dioxid  and  calcium  oxid.  It 
is  prepared  from  a  soluble  salt  of  calcium  and  oxalic  acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CALCAREA  PHOSPHORICA.  Calcium  Phosphate. 

Calcarea  Phosphate* 

Chemical  Symbol — -Ca32PO4;  309.33. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Calcii  phosphas  praecipitatus,  Calcis  phos- 
phas,  Calcium  phosphoricum,  Phosphas  calcicus  praecipitatus ;  English, 
Precipitated  phosphate  of  calcium,  Tri-calcic  phosphate ;  French,  Phos- 
phate de  chaux  hydrate;  German,  Calciumphosphat. 

Description. — A  white,  amorphous,  tasteless,  odorless  powder; 
sparingly  soluble  in  water,  insoluble  in  alcohol,  soluble  in  nitric  and 
hydrochloric  acids  and  precipitated  by  ammonia  from  these  solutions. 
At  a  strong  red  heat,  it  melts  without  decomposition,  yielding,  on 
cooling,  a  porcelain-like  mass.  It  is  contained  in  bones  (80  per  cent), 
and  extracted  from  them  by  dissolving  in  hydrochloric  acid  and  pre- 
cipitating with  ammonium  hydrate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, II.  394 ;  X.  400. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CALCAREA  SULPHURICA.  Calcium  Sulfate* 

Calcarea  Sulfate* 

Chemical  Symbol.— CaSO42H2O;  171.65. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Calcii  sulphas,  Calcis  sulphas;  English,  Sul- 
phate of  calcium,  Calcic  sulfate,  Gypsum;  French,  Sulfate  de  chaux; 
German,  Calciumsulfat. 

Description. — A  white,  amorphous,  odorless,  tasteless  powder, 
soluble  in  410  parts  of  water  at  15°  C,  and  in  impure  alcohol.  Mixed 
with  water,  it  forms  a  soft  mass,  which  hardens  after  some  time. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


Exposed  to  air,  it  becomes  granular  and  loses  the  property  of  solidifying 
when  mixed  with  water.  It  is  obtained  by  the  calcination  of  native 
calcium  sulfate,  CaSO4.2H2O.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
II.  410. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations  ;  ix  and  higher. 

CALENDULA  OFFICINALIS.  Garden  Marigold 

Natural  Order.  —  Compositae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Caltha  officinalis,  C.  sativa,  C.  vulgaris,  Flos 
omnium  mensium,  Solseginum  aureum,  Solis  sponsa,  Verrucaria; 
English,  Garden  marigold,  Marigold;  French,  Fleur  detons  les  mois; 
German,  Ringelblume. 

Description.  —  An  annual  herb  with  fibrous  root.  The  stem  is 
straggling,  6  to  18  inches  high,  with  numerous  bushy  branches, 
striated,  green,  succulent,  pubescent.  The  leaves  are  oblong,  acute, 
somewhat  succulent,  broad,  and  a  little  cordate  at  the  base,  the  upper 
lanceolate,  the  margins  entire  often  hispid  with  short  hairs.  Flower- 
heads  are  large,  terminal,  solitary,  upon  each  branch,  yellow  or  orange. 
The  flowers  appear  the  greater  part  of  the  summer  and  fall,  closing 
toward  night  ;  are  mucilaginous  and  have  a  disagreeable  odor. 

Habitat.  —  Native  of  France  and  southern  European  fields  and 
cultivated  grounds  generally.  Fig.,  Flor.  Horn.  I.  no;  Goullon,  159. 

History.  —  Named  Calendula  because  it  flowers  during  the  calends 
of  each  month.  It  was  known  as  a  remedy  in  the  i6th  century,  but 
fell  into  disuse.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr. 
Franz  in  1838,  Archiv.  XVII.  3,  179.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat  Med.  II. 
419;  X.  405.] 

Part  Used.  —  The  fresh  flowering  tops. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  $  •'  Drug  strength  ^. 
Calendula,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  600  Cc.  =  700 

Strong  alcohol,  437  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


178  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  Jive  parts  alcohol ;   $x  and  higher,    with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CALOTROPIS  GIGANTEA.  Mudar. 

Natural  Order. —  Asclepiadaceae. 

•Synonyms. —  Latin,  Asclepias  gigantea,  A.  procera,  Calotropis 
hamiltonii,  C.  procera ;  Vernacular,  Mudar ;  French,  Ecorce  de  racine 
de  Mudar;  German,  Mudarwurzelrinde. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  evergreen  plant  with  a  long,  woody, 
branching  root,  and  large,  erect  stem  6  feet  high,  branching  and 
downy.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  sessile,  cordate,  entire.  The  flowers 
appear  from  July  to  September,  are  small,  whitish  or  reddish,  numer- 
ous on  one  stalk.  All  parts  of  the  plant  yield  a  milky,  acrid  juice. 

Habitat. —  India,  the  southwestern  part  of  Asia,  and  Egypt;  com- 
mon in  dry,  waste  ground.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  176. 

History. — The  name  is  derived  from  kalos,  beautiful,  and  tropis, 
a  keel.  It  has  long  been  esteemed  as  a  native  remedy,  and  was  intro- 
duced into  the  old-school  pharmacy  in  1826.  It  was  first  mentioned 
in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1878  by  E.  B.  Ivatts,  Horn.  World, 
XIII.  15.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  651.] 

Part  Used.— The  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

/ 

a.  Tincture  $  :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Calotropis  gigantea,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  179 

CALTHA  PALUSTRIS.  Cowslip. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Caltha  arctica  ;  English,  Cowslip,  Marsh  mari- 
gold ;  French,  Populage,  Souci  d'eau;  German,  Kuhblume. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  aquatic  herb,  with  a  stout,  furrowed, 
erect,  hollow,  glabrous  stem.  The  large  leaves  are  roundish  or  kidney- 
shaped,  cordate  at  the  base,  notched,  crenate  or  nearly  entire,  glossy. 
The  conspicuous  bright-yellow  flowers  appear  from  May  to  August. 

Habitat. —  Throughout  Europe  generally,  western  Asia  and  North 
America,  in  marshy  meadows  and  along  borders  of  ponds,  rivers,  and 
brooks,  common  northward. 

History. —  Name  from  kalathos,  a  goblet,  in  allusion  to  the  golden 
calyx.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  practice  in  1825  by  Dr.  Roth,  Mat. 
Med.  I.  326.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  421.] 

Part  Used. — The  whole  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .-  Drug  strength  T\j. 

Caltha  palustris,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

CAMPHORA.  Camphor. 

Chemical  Symbol —  C10H16O;  151. 66. 

Synonyms. —  Camphor  officinarum  ;  Frefich,  Camphre;  Gentian, 
Kampfer. 

Description. —  The  concrete  volatile  oil  obtained  by  distilling  the 
wood  of  the  camphor  laurel,  Camphora  orncinarum,  and  imported  from 
China  and  Japan  in  the  crude  state.  It  is  purified  by  sublimation,  and 
appears  in  white,  tough,  translucent,  crystalline  cakes,  having  a 


ISO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

characteristic  odor  and  a  pungent  taste,  which  is  followed  by  a  sensa- 
tion of  cold.  At  the  ordinary  temperature  it  slowly  evaporates.  It 
is  sparingly  soluble  in  water ;  freely  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  or  chloro- 
form. Its  specific  gravity  at  15°  C.  is  from  0.990  to  0.995.  Camphor 
fuses  at  175°  C.,  boils  at  205°  C.,  and  sublimes  entirely  when  heated. 
It  burns  with  a  sooty,  luminous  flame.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Ency- 
clopedia, II.  422;  X.  405. 

Habitat. —  China  and  Japan. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Camphor,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher,  freshly  made  and  well  stoppered. 

e.  Saturated  tincture  :  Drug  strength  \.     A  saturated  solution  in 

strong  alcohol.     This   is  also  known  under   the  name  of 
Rubini's  Camphor. 

CAMPHORA  MONOBROMATA.  Camphor  Monobromid. 
Camphor  Monobromid* 

Chemical  Symbol — C10Hl5BrO;  230.42. 

Synonyms. — English,  Monobromated  camphor,  Bromated  cam- 
phor, Brominated  camphor ;  French,  Camphre  monobrome ;  German, 
Monobromkampfer. 

Description. —  Consists  of  prismatic,  colorless  needles  of  camphor- 
like  odor  and  taste.  Insoluble  in  water,  freely  soluble  in  alcohol.  It 
is  permanent  in  air  and  is  not  affected  by  sun-light;  melting  point 
76°  C.  On  the  water-bath  it  volatilizes  and  on  cooling  forms  white 
needles.  At  274°  C.  it  is  entirely  volatilized  with  partial  decomposi- 
tion. It  dissolves  in  sulfuric  acid  and  is  separated  by  adding  water  to 
this  solution.  It  is  prepared  from  bromin  and  camphor. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  l8l 

CANNA  ANGUSTIFOLIA.  Indian  Shot. 

Natural  Order. —  Cannaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Canna  glauca;  English,  Indian  shot,  Wild 
plantain;  Vernacular,  Imbiri;  French,  Balisier;  German,  Blumenrohr. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  herb,  with  a  creeping,  tuberous 
rhizome,  having  numerous  rootlets.  The  stem  is  erect,  cylindrical, 
knotty,  6  feet  high.  The  leaves  arise  from  the  knots,  are  alternate, 
large,  lanceolate,  sheathing,  with  strong  midrib.  The  flowers  are 
yellow,  appearing  in  July  and  August,  terminal,  spiked,  or  racemose, 
with  glumaceous  bracts.  The  seeds  are  round,  hard,  black,  shiny, 
heavy,  T^  inch  in  diameter,  and  sometimes  used  in  the  East  Indies  as 
shot. 

Habitat. —  Brazil  and  other  South  American  countries  ;  growing  in 
damp  soil,  or  on  the  borders  of  brooks.  Fig.,  Mure,  350. 

History. —  Name  of  Celtic  origin,  signifying  a  cave  or  mat.  The 
roots  abound  in  starch,  some  of  the  species  being  edible.  Introduced 
into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1849  by  Dr.  B.  Mure,  Pathog.  Bresil.  350. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  447.] 

Part  Used. — The  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^ 

Canna,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  300 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CANNABIS  INDICA.  Indian  Hemp. 

Natural  Order. —  Urticaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Herba  cannabis  Indicae;  English,  Indian  hemp, 
Indian  cannabis  ;  Vernacular,  Gunjah-Bhang,  Birming,  Ganja,  Hashish ; 
French,  Chanvre  indien;  German,  Indischer  Hanf. 


1 82  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  An  East  Indian  variety  of  Cannabis  sativa.  The  plant 
grown  in  India  differed  somewhat  from  that  cultivated  in  Europe,  and 
was  supposed  to  be  a  different  species,  but  the  variations  were  so 
unimportant  botanically  that  the  distinction  has  been  abandoned. 
There  is  a  dissimilarity,  medicinally,  between  the  hemp  grown  in  India 
and  that  raised  elsewhere,  as  there  is  also  a  great  difference  between 
that  grown  at  an  altitude  of  8000  feet  and  that  cultivated  on  the  plains. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1841  by  Dr.  Trinks,  Allg. 
Horn.  Zeit.  XX.  268.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  448;  X.  409.] 

The  substance  used  in  the  earlier  provings  of  Cannabis  indica  was 
the  resin  prepared  from  the  gun j ah,  or  dried  flowering  tops  of  the 
female  hemp,  commercially  called  Cannabin. 

Part  Used. — The  alcoholic  extract,  each  Gm.  of  which  represents  8 
Gms.  of  the  tops  of  Indian  hemp. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Cannabis  indica  alcoholic  extract,  12.5  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


CANNABIS  SATIVA.  Hemp. 

Natural  Order. —  Urticacese. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cannabis  europea,  C.  chinensis,  Polygonum 
viridiflorum ;  English,  Hemp,  Gallow  grass;  French,  Chanvre;  Ger- 
man, Hanf. 

Description. —  Annual  plant  4  to  10  feet  high.  The  stem  is  erect, 
grooved  or  angular,  much  branched  in  plants  growing  separately,  but 
when  cultivated  in  masses,  generally  straight  and  unbranched.  It  is 
woody  at  the  base,  slightly  rough,  tomentose  and  with  fibrous  bark. 
The  leaves  are  numerous,  the  lower  opposite,  the  upper  alternate,  and 
are  composed  of  from  5  to  7  lanceolate,  sharp-pointed  leaflets  radiating 
from  the  top  of  the  stalk,  each  strongly  and  sharply  serrate,  rough, 
dark  green  above,  pale  and  downy  beneath.  The  flowers,  June  to 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  183 

August,  are  dioecious,  the  males  being  in  axillary  racemes  and  gen- 
erally at  the  top  of  the  plants  or  ends  of  the  branches ;  the  females 
axillary  in  short  spikes.  The  fruit,  commonly  known  as  hemp  seed,  is 
a  small,  grayish-colored,  smooth,  shiny  nut,  containing  a  single,  oily 
seed. 

Habitat. — A  native  of  the  temperate  parts  of  Asia,  it  is  now  culti- 
vated in  all  parts  of  the  world.  Fig.,  Flora.  Horn.  I.  134;  Winkler, 
56;  Jahr  and  Cat.  180;  Goullon,  232;  Bent,  and  Trim.  231;  Mills- 
paugh,  154. 

History. — The  name  is  said  to  be  derived  from  the  Celtic  can,  a 
reed,  and  ab,  small ;  that  it  was  known  to  the  Arabs  under  the  name 
of  ganeb.  It  is  mentioned  as  in  use  as  a  medicine  by  the  Chinese  as 
early  as  the  beginning  of  the  third  century.  Hahnemann  mentions  it 
in  1811  in  the  first  edition  of  his  R.  A.  M.  L.  vol.  I.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  II.  492;  X.  427.] 

Part  Used. — The  flowering  tops  of  the  fresh  cultivated  plants,  both 
male  and  female. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Cannabis  sativa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  too  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

CANTHARIS.  Spanish  Fly. 

Order. —  Coleoptera. 

Family. —  Cantharidae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Meloe  vesicatorius,  Muscas  Hispanicas,  Lytta 
vesicatoria,Cantharides ;  Scientific  name,  Cantharis  vesicatoria ;  English, 
Oil  beetle,  Blister  beetle;  French,  Cantharides;  German,  Spanische 
Fliegen,  Kanthariden. 


184  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  bronze-green  beetle  from  ^  to  I  inch  long  and  | 
to  YI  inch  broad.  Its  vertical  head  is  sharply  narrowed  behind  into  a 
neck  and  is  not  set  into  the  prothorax.  The  eleven-jointed  antennae 
are  filiform.  A  longitudinal  channel  traverses  the  thorax,  which  is 
the  same  width  as  the  head.  The  hind  coxas  are  large  and  prominent ; 
the  coxal  cavities,  open  behind.  The  claws  are  cleft  or  toothed.  This 
insect  is  supplied  with  ample,  membranous,  brownish-transparent 
wings.  It  has  a  strong  disagreeable  odor.  Its  blistering  properties 
are  due  to  a  substance  called  cantharidin.  Pure  cantharidin  is  insolu- 
ble in  water,  sparingly  soluble  in  alcohol,  readily  soluble  in  ether.  It 
crystallizes  in  four-sided  prisms  or  laminae.  May  be  extracted  with 
ether ;  purified  by  separation  from  the  accompanying  oils  and  by 
crystallization.  It  is  said  that  nearly  13,000  dried  insects  weigh  but  a 
kilogramme.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  505  ;  X.  429. 

Habitat. —  Middle  and  southern  Europe  and  in  southwestern  Asia, 
where  it  feeds  upon  ash,  lilac  and  other  trees. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -^. 

Cantharis,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications  /  3x  and  higher. 


CAPSICUM  ANNUUM.  Red  Pepper. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceas. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Capsicum  cordiforme,  C.  longum,  C.  grossum, 
Piper  hispanicum,  P.  indicum  vulgatissimun,  P.  turcicum;  English, 
Bird  pepper,  Cayenne  pepper,  Chilly,  Cockspur  pepper,  Guinea  pepper, 
Guinea  pods,  Red  pepper,  Spanish  pepper,  Tochillies ;  French,  Poivre 
d'Inde,  P.  d'Espagne;  German,  Spanisher  Pfeffer. 

Description. —  An  herbaceous  annual,  2  feet  or  a  little  more  in 
height,  with  smooth,  dichotomous  stem,  and  alternate,  glabrous,  petio- 
late  leaves,  one  from  the  side  of  each  bifurcation,  2  to  3  inches  long, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  185 

with  solitary  white  flowers  appearing  in  July.  The  fruit  is  smooth 
and  shining,  variable  in  form  and  color,  long,  straight,  acute  or  short, 
thick  and  obtuse,  red  or  yellow,  sometimes  both  colors  on  the  same 
plant. 

Habitat. —  Probably  a  native  of  South  America,  now  grown  in  the 
warmer  regions  of  the  globe,  and  scarcely  known  wild.  Fig.,  Flora 
Horn.  I.  143;  Winkler,  54;  Goullon,  185;  Bent.  &  Trim.  189. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  kapto,  to  bite,  on  account  of  the 
biting  of  the  seed  and  pericarp,  or  from  capsa,  a  chest,  from  the  form 
and  structure  of  the  pericarp.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1805  by  Hahnemann,  Frag,  de  Viribus  Med.  64.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  540;  X.  432.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  ripe  capsules  and  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Capsicum,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  50  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  95^  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


CARBO  ANIMALIS.  Animal  Charcoal. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Leather  charcoal;  French,  Charbon  animal; 
German,  Knockenkohle. 

Preparation. —  Place  a  thick  piece  of  oxhide  on  red  hot  coals,  and 
leave  it  there  so  long  as  it  burns  with  a  flame.  As  soon  as  the  flame 
ceases,  lift  off  the  red-hot  mass  and  press  it  between  two  flat  stones. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  549. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


1 86  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

CARBO  VEGETABILIS.  Vegetable  Charcoal, 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Carbo  ligni,  C.  praeparatus;  English,  Wood 
charcoal;  French,  Charbon  vegetal;  German,  Holzkohle. 

Description. —  Charcoal,  prepared  from  selected  birch  or  beech 
wood.  A  black,  porous,  brittle  substance,  odorless  and  tasteless.  In- 
soluble and  infusible.  When  heated  in  air  it  is  converted  into  carbon 
dioxid  or  oxid.  When  burned  it  should  give  no  smoke  or  unpleasant 
odor.  Absence  of  flame  shows  freedom  from  organic  compounds.  It 
has  marked  absorbtive  power  of  gasses ;  when  saturated  with  them, 
this  power  may  be  restored  by  re-heating  the  charcoal.  It  is  denser 
when  obtained  by  pile-burning  than  when  prepared  in  retorts.  The 
best  pieces  show  the  form  and  texture  of  the  wood  used.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  565 ;  X.  432. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


CARBONIUM  SULPHURATUM.  Carbon  Disulfid 

Carbon  Disulfid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  CS2 ;  75.93. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Carbonii  bisulphidum,  Carbonei  disulphidum. 
Carboneum  sulfuratum,  Alcohol  sulfuris  ;  English,  Bisulphide  of  car- 
bon ;  French,  Sulfure  de  carbon ;  German,  Schwefelkohlenstoff. 

Description.  —  A  very  mobile,  colorless  liquid,  possessing  a  high 
refractive  power,  with  an  ethereal,  not  disagreeable  odor  when  pure. 
It  is  soluble  in  1000  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  very  soluble  in  alcohol. 
It  burns  with  a  blue  flame,  giving  off  sulfur  dioxid  and  carbon  dioxid 
vapors.  It  evaporates  rapidly  at  ordinary  temperature,  producing 
cold.  Its  taste  is  aromatic.  When  impure,  it  has  a  repulsive,  fetid 
odor,  due  to  the  presence  of  volatile  sulfur  compounds.  It  is  obtained 
from  sulfur  and  carbon.  Its  vapor  is  very  inflammable  at  high 
temperature.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  II.  617;  X.  445, 
653-  '•• 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  .          187 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Carbon  disulfid,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  900  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3-\  and  higher. 


CARDUUS  BENEDICTUS.  Blessed  Thistle. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositas. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Calcitrapa  lanuginosa,  Centaurea  benedicta, 
Cnicus  benedictus,  Herba  cardui  benedicti;  English,  Blessed  thistle, 
Carduus  plant,  Cursed  thistle,  Holy  thistle,  Lovely  thistle,  Spotted 
carduus,  Spotted  thistle,  Star  thistle,  Thistle  root;  French,  Chardon 
benit;  German,  Benedictendistel. 

Description. —  An  annual  herbaceous  plant,  2  feet  high.  The  leaves 
are  lanceolate,  amplexicaul,  pinnatifid,  irregularly  dentate  and  shiny, 
the  lower  petiolate,  the  upper  sessile.  When  fresh  they  are  bright- 
green  and  feel  greasy,  when  dried  they  are  grayish-green  and  woolly. 
The  heads  are  yellow,  many  flowered,  the  ray  flowers  tubular  and 
sterile,  shorter  than  the  rest,  which  are  tubular  and  perfect. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  found  by  roadsides,  scarcely  naturalized  in  this 
country.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  182;  Goullon,  156. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1826  by  Noack 
and  Trinks,  Prakt.  Mittheil.  d.  corres.  Gessell.  horn.  Aerzt.  1826,  23. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  633.] 

Part  Used. —  The  whole  plant  in  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  y^. 
Carduus  benedictus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


188  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;    3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


CARDUUS  MARIANUS.  St.  Mary's  Thistle. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cnicus  marianus,  Silybum  marianum;  English, 
Blessed  thistle,  Milk  thistle,  Our  Lady  thistle,  St.  Mary's  thistle; 
French,  Chardon  Marie;  German,  Frauendistel. 

Description. —  A  biennial,  deciduous  herb,  a  weed  with  tap  root; 
the  stem,  for  the  most  part,  glabrous,  4  to  5  feet  high,  solid,  round, 
branched.  The  leaves  are  amplexicaul,  spinous ;  the  radical  pinnatifid, 
dark  shining  green,  white  veined.  The  purple  flower-heads,  appear- 
ing in  June  and  July,  are  large,  solitary,  terminal,  erect,  with  the  stout 
spines  of  their  calyx-scales  very  conspicuous. 

Habitat. —  Southern  Europe  and  Great  Britain. 

History. — Fabled  to  have  had  a  portion  of  the  Virgin  Mary's  milk 
fall  on  the  leaves,  producing  the  white  veins.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  in  1852  by  Dr.  Reil,  Horn.  v.  j.  Schrift  III.  453. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  635.] 

Parts  Used. — Tincture  of  the  plant  at  flowering,  or  its  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Carduus  marianus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  solution,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  1 89 

CARYA  ALBA.  Hickory  Nut. 

Natural  Order. — Juglandaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Carya  squamosa,  Juglans  alba,  J.  compressa,  J. 
squamosa;  English,  Shag-bark,  Shell-bark,  Walnut;  German,  Weisse 
Amerikanische  Wallnusbaum. 

Description. —  A  handsome  tree,  30  to  40  feet  high,  2  or  3  feet  in 
diameter,  of  very  hard  wood,  the  old  trunk  very  shaggy,  bark  exfoliat- 
ing in  rough  strips.  Its  leaves  are  alternate,  pinnate,  finely  serrate, 
the  three  upper  obovate,  lanceolate,  the  lower  pair  much  smaller  and 
oblong  lanceolate,  all  taper-pointed.  The  sterile  flowers  are  in  slender 
catkins  from  the  wood  of  the  preceding  year.  Fertile  flowers,  2  to  3 
together,  on  a  terminal  peduncle,  appear  in  April  and  May.  The  fruit 
is  globular,  somewhat  flattened,  nearly  pointless,  with  a  rather  thin, 
whitish  shell  and  large  kernel,  and  ripens  in  October. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  the  Atlantic  States  from  Maine  to  the 
Carolinas;  found  in  rich  moist  woods.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  157. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1852,  N.  A.  J. 
of  Horn.  II.  473.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  17.] 

Part  Used. —  The  nuts. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^ 

Carya  alba,  too  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CASCARILLA.  Cascarilla. 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Clutia  eluteria,  Croton  eleuteria,  C.  glabellus 
elutheria;  English,  Bahama  cascarilla,  Cascarilla  bark,  Eleuthera 
bark,  Seaside  balsam,  Sweet  bark,  Sweet  wood ;  French,  Cascarille  ; 
German,  Cascarilla. 


IQO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description — The  bark  of  an  evergreen  shrub  or  tree,  6  to  20  feet 
high,  with  few  alternate  petiolate,  ovate-lanceolate  leaves,  and  small, 
white,  odorous,  axillary,  racemose  flowers.  It  is  in  quills  from  %  to  y2 
inch  in  diameter  and  i  to  3  inches  long,  T^  inch  thick,  of  dull  brown 
color,  but  usually  covered  with  a  grayish,  easily  detached,  corky  layer 
upon  which  are  white  patches  of  a  minute  lichen.  It  is  hard  and 
compact,  and  breaks  with  a  resinous  fracture ;  the  taste  is  warm, 
aromatic,  nauseous  and  bitter.  When  burned  the  bark  emits  a  char- 
acteristic musk-like  odor. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  the  Bahamas  and  other  West  Indian  islands. 
Fig.,  Winkler,  30 ;  Goullon,  224  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  238. 

History. —  It  was  confounded  with  cinchona  bark,  the  name  signi- 
fying in  Spanish,  little  bark.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1835  by  Dr.  Stapf,  Archiv.  XV.  I.  184.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  III.  18.] 

Part  Used. —  The  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  -£$. 

Cascarilla,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


CASTANEA  VESCA.  Chestnut, 

Natural  Order. —  Cupulif erae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Castanea  edulis;  English,  Chestnut;  French, 
Chataigne,  Marron  ;  German,  Kastanie,  Maronenbaum. 

Description. —  A  large,  deciduous  timber  tree,  50  feet  high,  and  2  to 
4  feet  in  diameter,  light,  coarse-grained  wood.  The  trunk  has  a  thick, 
corrugated  bark,  and  irregular  and  contorted  branches.  The  leaves 
are  alternate,  oblong-lanceolate,  coarsely  serrate,  pointed,  smooth,  and 
green  on  both  sides.  The  flowers  appear  in  June  or  July,  later  than 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


the  leaves,  in  axillary  catkins  near  the  end  of  the  branches.  The  nuts 
ripen  in  October,  are  coriaceous,  ovoid  and  enclosed,  2  or  3  together, 
or  solitary,  in  a  hard,  coriaceous,  very  prickly,  4-valved  involucre. 

Habitat.  —  Found  in  rocky  or  hilly  woods  from  Maine  to  Michigan, 
Kentucky  and  southward.     Fig.,  Millspaugh,  158. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in    1873  by  Dr. 
Hale,  New  Rem.  30!  ed.  124.     [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  21.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Castanea  vesca,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  3 1 5  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3\   and    higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


CASTOREUM.  Castor. 

Order. —  Rodentia. 

Family. —  Muridae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Castoreum  sibiricum;  English,  Castor  fiber, 
Beaver ;  French,  Castoreum ;  German,  Bibergeil. 

Description, — This  substance  is  stored  in  the  genital  glands  of  both 
the  male  and  the  female  beaver.  It  is  yellowish  and  somewhat  cheesy 
when  fresh  ;  reddish-brown,  hard  and  brittle  when  dry,  with  a  resinous 
fracture.  It  has  a  strong,  foetid  odor,  and  a  bitter,  acrid,  nauseous 
taste.  Is  largely  soluble  in  ether  and  stronger  alcohol.  The  glands 
themselves  are  in  pairs,— fig-shaped,  firm  and  heavy,  brown  or  grayish- 
black,  and  about  3  inches  long.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
III.  24;  X.  452. 

Habitat. —  Russia  and  America. 


IQ2  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> ;  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Castoreum,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CAULOPHYLLUM  THALICTROIDES.       Blue  Cohosh. 

Natural  Order. —  Berberidaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Leontice  thalictroides,  Leontopetalon  thalic- 
troides;  English,  Blue  cohosh,  Blueberry  root,  Leontice,  Pappoose 
root,  Squaw  root ;  French,  La  Leontice ;  German,  Loewenblatt. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  having  a  contorted 
rhizome,  with  many  knots,  showing  scars  of  previous  stems.  The 
stem,  i  to  2Y-Z  feet  high,  arises  from  several  scales  and  terminates  in  a 
large,  tri-ternately  compound  leaf,  without  any  long  petiole,  the  leaflets 
obovate,  wedge-form.  The  purplish  or  yellowish-green  flowers  appear 
in  April  and  May,  in  a  loose  raceme  or  panicle. 

Habitat. —  The  United  States,  from  Canada  to  Carolina  and  Ken- 
tucky, low  moist  grounds,  mountains  and  shady  hills,  near  running 
streams  or  on  grounds  which  have  been  overflowed,  common  west- 
ward. Fig.,  Millspaugh,  16. 

History. —  The  name  is  derived  from  kaulos,  a  stem,  and  phyllon,  a 
leaf,  as  the  stem  appears  to  be  a  leaf-stalk.  Mentioned  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  by  Dr.  E.  M.  Hale,  N.  A.  J.  of  Horn.  VI.  372. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  34.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.      Tincture  (f> :   Drug  strength  y^. 
Caulophyllum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol  ;    3x   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CAUSTICUM.  Hahnemann's  Causticum. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Tinctura  acris  sine  kali. 

A  preparation  introduced  into  homoeopathic  pharmacy  by  Hahne- 
mann,  and  peculiar  to  homoeopathy.  It  is  of  uncertain  nature  and 
strength,  hence  should  be  made  in  exact  accordance  with  Hahne- 
mann's  directions,  which  are  as  follows : 

"  Take  a  piece  of  recently  burnt  lime,  weighing  about  two  pounds, 
immerse  it  for  a  minute  in  a  vessel  full  of  distilled  water,  and  then  lay 
it  in  a  dry  cup,  where  it  soon  becomes  pulverized,  giving  out  much 
heat  and  a  peculiar  odor,  called  the  vapor  of  lime.  Of  this  fine 
powder  you  take  2  ounces,  and  place  it  in  the  mortar  which  has  been 
previously  warmed,  and  then  mix  it  with  a  solution  of  2  ounces  of 
the  bi-sulfate  of  potash  in  2  ounces  of  boiling  hot  water,  the  potash 
before  being  dissolved  having  been  exposed  to  a  red  heat,  melted, 
cooled  again,  and  then  pulverized.  This  thickish  preparation  is 
inserted  into  a  small  glass  retort,  to  the  open  end  of  which  the 
receiver,  which  ought  to  be  dipped  in  water  to  half  its  height,  is 
fastened  by  means  of  wet  bladder.  The  liquid  is  distilled  over  by 
gradually  approaching  a  coal  fire  to  the  retort,  and  until  the  prepara- 
tion is  perfectly  dry.  The  liquid  in  the  receiver  is  about  one  ounce 
and  a  half,  as  clear  as  water,  and  containing  the  Causticum  in  a  con- 
centrated form,  which  smells  like  the  lye  obtained  from  potash,  and 
has  an  astringent  and  burning  taste  on  the  back  part  of  the  tongue. 
Its  freezing  point  is  below  that  of  water ;  it  promotes  the  putrefaction 
of  animal  substances  which  are  placed  in  it ;  with  the  salts  of  Baryta 
it  gives  no  trace  of  sulfuric  acid,  nor  any  trace  of  lime-earth  with  the 
oxalate  of  ammonia."  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  35; 
X.  455- 


IQ4  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tinctiire  <f>: 

Causticum,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  500  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


CEANOTHUS  AMERICANUS.  New  Jersey  Tea. 

Natural  Order. —  Rhamnaceas. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Ceanothus  herbaceous,  C.  intermedius,  C. 
officinalis,  C.  perennis,  C.  sanguineus,  C.  tardiflorus,  C.  trinervus ; 
English,  New  Jersey  tea,  Red  root,  Red-root-bark  tree;  French, 
Ceanothe;  German,  Seckelblumen  Wurzel. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  deciduous  shrub,  with  large  and 
dark-red  root.  The  stem  is  from  2  to  4  feet  high,  slender,  with  many 
round  and  smooth  branches,  the  younger  of  which  are  pubescent. 
The  leaves  are  rounded,  or  cordate  at  the  base  of  the  stem,  acuminate 
serrate,  nearly  smooth  above,  and  whitish  tomentose  beneath ;  the 
pubescence  of  the  veins  and  petioles  somewhat  reddish.  The  flowers 
are  white,  in  crowded  panicles  from  the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves, 
appearing  in  July. 

Habitat, —  North  America ;  found  in  dry  woodlands. 

History. —  It  was  used  during  the  Revolutionary  War  as  a  substi- 
tute for  tea,  hence  the  name.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice 
in  1873  by  Dr.  Hale,  New  Rem.  3d  ed. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <£  /  Drug  strength  ^. 
Ceanothus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


b.  Dilutions  :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol;   3\   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

CEDRON.  Cedrone. 

Natural  Order.  —  Simarubaceae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Simaba  cedron,  Simaruba  cedron  ;  English., 
Cedrone,  Rattlesnake  beans  ;  French,  Cedron  ;  German,  Cedron-Bohne. 

Description.  —  The  seed  of  a  small,  erect  tree,  not  exceeding  6 
inches  in  diameter,  with  umbelliferous,  terminal  branches,  large,  glab- 
rous, pinnate  leaves  and  pale-brown  flowers,  in  long-branching  racemes. 
The  seed  is  about  an  inch  and  a  half  long  and  half  an  inch  in  diameter. 
It  is  convex  on  one  side,  flat  or  slightly  concave  on  the  other,  with  an 
ovafscar  near  one  extremity  of  the  flat  surface.  It  is  of  a  yellowish- 
ash  color,  hard,  tough  and  compact  in  texture,  readily  cut,  inodorous, 
and  of  an  intensely  bitter  taste. 

Habitat.  —  West  Indies,  Central  America,  and  U.  S.  of  Colombia. 

History.  —  Used  by  the  natives  of  Central  and  South  America  as 
long  ago  as  the  beginning  of  the  i8th  century,  as  an  antidote  for 
snake-bites.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1851,  N.  A. 
Horn.  Journ.  I.  272.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  70.] 

Part  Used.  —  The  dried  seed. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Cedron,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  :     2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Tritnrations  :  ix  and  higher. 

CEPHALANTHUS  OCODENTALIS.          Button  Bush. 

Natural  Order.  —  Rubiaceas. 


IQ6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. — English,  Button  bush,  Buttonwood,  Crane  willow, 
Globe  flower,  Pond  dogwood,  Snowball ;  French,  Bois  de  plomb ; 
German,  Knopfbusch. 

Description. — A  deciduous  shrub,  about  6  feet  high,  having  a 
smooth  or  pubescent,  opposite  branching  stem,  with  large,  opposite, 
petiolate,  ovate,  dark-green,  smooth  leaves.  The  white  flowers,  appear- 
ing in  July  and  August,  are  axillary,  terminal,  densely  aggregated  in 
globular  peduncled  heads. 

Habitat. —  United  States  and  Canada;  found  in  wet  places  and 
borders  of  streams.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  76. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Greek  kephale,  a  head,  and  an- 
thos,  a  flower.  A  short  proving  was  published  in  1875  by  Dr.  E.  D. 
Wright,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  XII.  177.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  456.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Cephalanthus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Diltitions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;    3x   and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  3x  and  higher. 

CEREUS  BONPLANDIL 

Natural  Order. —  Cactaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cactus  bonplandii,  Opuntia  tuna. 

Description. — A  variety  of  Cereus  grandiflorus,  having  large,  oval, 
oblong  joints,  long,  yellowish,  awl-shaped  thorns  and  spotted,  reddish 
flowers. 

Habitat. —  Tropical  America. 

History. —  Provings  published  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  80. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  stems. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  IQ7 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Cereus  bonplandii,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  reduced  to  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  470  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3 x  and  higher. 

CERIUM  OXALICUM.  Cerium  Oxalate. 

Cerium  Oxalate. 

Chemical  Symbol — Ce2(C2O4)39H2O  ;  704.78. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cerii  oxalas,  Oxalas  cericus ;  English,  Oxalate 
of  cereum ;  French,  Oxalate  de  cerium ;  German,  Oxalsaures  Ceroxy- 
dul,  Ceroxalat. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white,  granular  powder,  odorless  and 
tasteless ;  permanent  in  air.  Insoluble  in  water  or  alcohol,  soluble 
without  effervescence  in  sulfuric  and  hydrochloric  acids.  At  a  red 
heat  it  is  decomposed,  leaving  a  residue  of  reddish-yellow  eerie  oxid. 
Heated  to  a  dull  redness  a  reddish-brown  powder  is  obtained  and 
may  be  entirely  dissolved  in  boiling  hydrochloric  acid.  Boiled  with 
potassium  or  sodium  hydrate  test-solution  and  filtered,  no  precipitate 
should  form  on  the  addition  of  ammonium  chlorid  or  ammonium  sulfid 
test-solutions.  As  usually  sold  it  has  a  slightly  pink  color  due  to 
some  compound  of  didymium.  It  is  obtained  from  the  metal  cerium. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CHAMOMILLA.  Chamomile. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Anthemis  vulgaris,  Chamaemelum  vulgare, 
Chamomilla  nostras,  C.  officinalis,  C.  vulgaris,  Chrysanthemum 


198  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

chamomilla,  Leucanthemum,  Matricaria  chamomilla,  M.  suaveolens ; 
English,  Bitter  chamomile,  Corn  fever-few,  German  chamomile,  Wild 
chamomile ;  French,  Chamomille  commune ;  German,  Feld-Kamille. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  large,  woody,  fibrous  root. 
The  stem  is  erect,  I  to  2  feet  high,  solid,  smooth,  shining,  strongly 
striate,  with  long,  slender  branches.  The  leaves  are  numerous,  alter- 
nate, sessile,  amplexicaul ;  the  upper  simple,  the  others  bi-  or  tri- 
pinnatifid ;  the  segments  strap-shaped,  narrow  and  minutely  pointed. 
The  flowers,  May  to  August,  are  y?  inch  wide,  numerous,  terminal, 
solitary  on  striated,  naked  peduncles.  The  ray  florets  are  white, 
reflexed  at  night,  oblong,  with  3  teeth ;  the  disk  florets  are  yellow, 
conical  and  prominent. 

Habitat. —  Found  in  waste  or  cultivated  ground  throughout 
Europe,  except  the  extreme  north,  extending  through  northern  Asia 
to  the  peninsula  of  India ;  also  in  Australia,  where  it  is  a  troublesome 
weed.  Fig.,  Flora.  Horn.  I.  147;  Winkler,  95;  Jahr  and  Cat.  183; 
Goullon,  146;  Bent,  and  Trim.  155. 

History. —  Chamomilla,  from  chamaemelum,  matricaria,  from  matrix. 
It  has  been  in  use  long  and  extensively  as  a  domestic  remedy.  It  was 
introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Hahnemann  in  1805,  Frag, 
de  vir.  73.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  89 ;  X.  456.] 

Part  Used. — The  whole  plant  in  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> ;  Drug  strength  yV 
Chamomilla,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

CHELIDONIUM  MAJUS.  Celandine. 

Natural  Order. — Papaveraceae. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Chelidonium  haematodes,  Papaver  corniculatum 
luteum  ;  English,  Calandine,  Celandine,  Tetter-wort  ;  French,  Che"li- 
doine;  German,  Schollkraut. 

Description.  —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  fusiform  root, 
externally  reddish-brown,  internally  whitish,  extremely  bitter.  The 
stem  is  erect,  2  feet  high,  branching,  hirsute,  very  brittle,  and  having 
a  saffron-colored  acrid  juice.  The  leaves  are  large,  alternate,  petio- 
late,  glaucous,  lyrate  pinnatifid,  border  lobed  or  crenately  cut.  The 
small,  yellow  flowers,  from  May  to  October,  are  pedunculated,  umbel- 
late, axillary  in  clusters. 

Habitat.  —  Naturalized  from  Europe,  found  in  waste  grounds  near 
dwellings.  Fig.,  Winkler,  50;  Jahr  and  Cat.  184;  Goullon,  12;  Mills- 
paugh,  21. 

History.  —  Name  derived  from  cheledon,  a  swallow,  as  the  flowers 
were  said  to  bloom  and  wither  with  the  arrival  and  departure  of  the 
swallows.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1819  by 
Hahnemann.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  127.] 

Parts  Used.  —  The  entire  fresh  plant,  including  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -^. 
Chelidonium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  468  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol  ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications  :  3x  and  higher. 


CHELONE  GLABRA.  Balmony. 

Natural  Order. —  Scrophulariaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Chelone  alba,  C.  obliqua,  Pentstemon  auctus; 
English,  Balmony,  B.  snake-head,  Bitter  herb,  Broomshell  flower,  Fish 
mouth,  Salt  rheum  weed,  Shell  flower,  Snake  head,  Turtle  head; 
French,  Chelone;  German,  Glatte  Chelone. 


2OO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Description. — A  smooth,  deciduous,  perennial,  herbaceous  plant. 
The  simple,  smooth,  erect  stem  is  about  4  feet  high,  branching  and 
somewhat  quadrangular.  The  leaves,  varying  in  width,  are  opposite, 
short  petioled,  lanceolate,  pointed,  serrate,  smooth  and  shining.  The 
large,  white,  rose-colored  or  purple  flowers  appear  from  July  to 
September,  nearly  sessile,  in  short,  dense,  terminal  spikes,  and  each 
furnished  with  3  bracts. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  Newfoundland  to  Saskatchawan,  south 
to  Florida.  Common  in  wet  places. 

History. —  Name  from  chelone,  a  tortoise,  from  the  resemblance 
of  the  flower  to  the  head  of  a  turtle.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  by  Dr.  Hale,  New  Rem.  2d  ed.  190. 

Part  Used — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> ;  Drug  strength  ^. 
Chelone,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3 x  and  higher. 


CHENOPODIUM  ANTHELMINTICUM.       Wormseed. 

Natural  Order. —  Chenopodiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Ambrina  ambrosioides,  A.  anthelmintica,  Chenopo- 
dium  ambrosioides,  var.  anthelmintica,  C.  suffruticosum,  Cina  ameri- 
cana,  Orthosporum  anthelminticum ;  English,  American  wormseed, 
Jerusalem  oak,  Stinking  weed,  Worm  goose-foot,  Wormseed;  French, 
Semences  de  che"nopode  anthelmintique ;  German,  Amerikanischer 
Wurmsamen. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  2OI 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  perennial  under-shrub.  The  stem  is 
erect,  i  to  3  feet  high,  branched,  often  rigid  and  furrowed.  The  leaves 
are  numerous,  alternate,  spreading,  lanceolate,  sessile,  dentate.  The 
flowers  are  small,  in  long,  slender,  axillary  terminal  racemes,  green  in 
color,  and  appear  in  July  and  August.  The  whole  plant  is  aromatic. 

Habitat. —  The  United  States,  naturalized  from  tropical  America. 
Found  in  waste  places,  mostly  southward.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  216 ; 
Millspaugh,  140;  Goullon,  214. 

History. —  Name  from  chen,  a  goose,  and  pous,  a  foot.  Proved  in 
1842  by  Dr.  J.  Jeanes,  Raue's  Record,  1872,  30.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  III.  1 80;  X.4S7.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -^. 

Chenopodium  anthel.,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  737  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

CHIMAPHILA  UMBELLATA.  Pipsissewa. 

Natural  Order. —  Ericaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Chimaphila  corymbosa,  Pyrola  corymbosa,  P. 
umbellata;  English,  American  wintergreen,  Ground  holly,  Ground 
leaf,  King's  cure,  Noble  pine,  Pipsissewa,  Prince's  pine,  Rheumatism 
weed,  Round-leaved  consumption  cure,  Shin  leaf,  White  leaf ;  French, 
Pyrole  ombell^e  ;  German,  Doldenformiges  Wintergrun. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  evergreen  shrub,  with  a  long,  creeping, 
yellowish  root.  The  stem  is  4  to  10  inches  high,  generally  simple. 
The  leaves,  i  to  2  inches  long,  are  at  the  top  of  the  stem  in  irregular 
whorles ;  are  shortly  petiolate,  lanceolate,  acute,  serrate,  shiny  green. 
The  fragrant  white  or  purplish  waxy  flowers  appear  in  June  and  July 
in  terminal  pedunculated  umbels. 


GT-OK 


2O2  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  North  America,  northern  Asia,  northern  and  central 
Europe.  Found  in  high,  dry  woods  from  Canada  to  Georgia  and  west 
to  the  Pacific.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  165 ;  Millspaugh,  104. 

History. —  The  name  from  cheima,  winter,  and  phileo,  to  love,  a 
translation  of  one  of  its  common  names,  wintergreen.  It  was  used  in 
medicine  as  early  as  1578,  as  stated  by  Dr.  S.  A.  Jones,  who  first 
mentions  it  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1875,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  XII. 
300.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  181;  X.  458.] 

Part  Used — The  whole  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -^. 
Chimaphila,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CHININUM  ARSENICICUM.  Quinin  Arsenate. 

Chininum  Arseniate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— (C20H24N2O2)2H3AsO4.8H2O;  926.10. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Quininae  arsenias;  English,  Arseniate  of 
quinine,  Triquinia  arseniate ;  French,  Arseniate  de  quinine 

Description. —  Long,  white,  odorless,  bitter  prisms;  sparingly  solu- 
ble in  water  and  alcohol,  and  containing  74  per  cent  of  quinin  and 
10.6  per  cent  of  arsenic  acid  As2O5.  Obtained  in  saturating  a  hot 
solution  of  arsenic  acid  with  quinin.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  % 
grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHV.  2O3 

CHININUM  ARSENICOSUM.  Quinin  Arsenite. 

Chininum  Arsenite. 

Chemical  Symbol.— (C20H24N2O2)3H3As2O8.3H2O;  1148.68. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Quininae  arsenis ;  English,  Arsenite  of  quinine ; 
French,  Arsenite  de  quinine. 

Description. —  White,  inodorous,  bitter  prisms,  slightly  soluble  in 
water,  soluble  in  15  parts  of  alcohol  at  ordinary  temperature.  Pre- 
pared with  argentum  arsenite  and  quinin  hydrochlorid.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  214.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  ^  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :  ix  and  higher. 

CHININUM  MURIATICUM.  Quinin  Hydrochlorid. 

Chininum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C20H24N2O2HC1.2H2O;  395.63. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Quininae  hydrochloras,  Quiniae  hydrochloras, 
Chininum  hydrochloricum ;  English,  Hydrochlorate  of  quinine,  Muriate 
of  quinine,  Quinia  hydrochlorate ;  French,  Chlorhydrate  de  quinine; 
German,  Chininhydrochlorat. 

Description. — White,  silky,  odorless,  bitter,  crystalline  needles. 
Soluble  in  34  parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  and  in  3  parts  of  alcohol.  At 
ordinary  temperature  it  is  permanent  in  air.  At  a  moderate  heat  it 
loses  its  water  of  crystallization  (9.08  per  cent)  and  effloresces. 
Diluted  solutions  are  slightly  fluorescent.  On  ignition  it  is  slowly 
volatilized  without  residue.  It  gives  the  reaction  of  quinin  with 
chlorin  water  and  ammonia.  With  argentic  nitrate  a  white,  curdy 
precipitate  is  thrown  down.  It  is  obtained  from  quinin  and  hydro- 
chloric acid,  also  by  the  decomposition  of  quinin  sulfate  with  barium 
chlorid.  It  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles  and  in  a  dark 
place.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  214. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


2O4  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

CHININUM  PURUM.  Quinin. 

Chininum. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C20H24N2O2.3H2O  ;  377-22. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Quinina;  English,  Pure  quinine;  French, 
Quinine;  German,  Chinin. 

Description. —  It  is  known  in  three  different  states  of  hydration,  viz., 
the  monohydrate,  dihydrate  and  trihydrate ;  also,  anhydrous.  The 
anhydrous  form  is  amorphous.  In  hydrated  form  it  is  white,  inodor- 
ous, very  bitter,  and  crystallizes  in  hexagonal  prisms.  In  dry  air  it 
becomes  opaque.  It  has  an  alkaline  reaction.  Is  soluble  in  1,670 
parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  and  in  6  parts  of  alcohol.  Concentrated 
sulfuric  and  nitric  acids  dissolve  quinin  without  color.  Strongly 
heated  in  air  it  turns  brown,  burns  with  flame,  evolving  an  aromatic 
odor  and  leaves  no  residue.  Its  solutions  in  acids  are  precipitated 
by  ammonium  hydrate,  potassium  and  sodium  hydrates  and  their 
carbonates.  The  precipitate  is  at  first  white  and  flocculent,  but  after 
a  short  time  assumes  a  tenacious  and  viscid  appearance.  Quinin  and 
its  salts  give  an  emerald  green  solution  with  chlorin  water  and  an 
excess  of  ammonium  hydrate,  the  green  color  changing  into  purple 
on  the  addition  of  potassium  ferrocyanid.  This  reaction  is  character- 
istic. It  is  prepared  from  cinchona  bark.  It  should  be  kept  protected 
from  the  light  and  air. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :    ix  and  higher. 


CHININUM  SULPHURICUM.  Quinin  Sulfate. 

Chininum  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— (C20H24N2O2)2H2SO4.7H2O ;  870.22. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Quininae  sulphas,  Quiniae  sulphas,  Sulfas  quin- 
icus;  English,  Sulphate  of  quinia;  French,  Sulfate  de  quinine;  Ger- 
man, Chininsulfat. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  205 

Description. —  Consists  of  snow-white,  light,  odorless,  extremely 
bitter  crystallized  needles.  Soluble  in  740  parts  of  water  at  1 5°  C.  It 
dissolves  in  60  parts  of  alcohol.  Its  aqueous  solution,  especially  when 
acidified  with  sulfuric  acid,  presents  a  vivid,  blue  fluorescence.  At  100 
to  115°  C.,  it  loses  its  water  of  crystallization.  At  160°  C.  it  becomes 
phosphorescent  on  trituration,  and  at  a  red  heat  is  decomposed,  burning 
slowly  without  residue.  Exposed  to  light,  it  turns  yellow.  Its  aqueous 
solution  gives  a  white  precipitate  of  barium  sulfate  with  barium  chlorid, 
and  with  ammonia  a  precipitate  of  quinin.  It  gives  the  reaction  of 
quinin  with  chlorin  water  and  ammonia.  It  is  efflorescent  when 
exposed  to  air.  It  is  prepared  from  quinin  and  sulfuric  acid.  It 
should  be  kept  well-stoppered  and  protected  from  the  light.  Men- 
tioned in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  215;  X.  461. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritiirations :  ix  and  higher. 


CHIONANTHUS  VIRGINICA.  Fringe  Tree. 

Natural  Order. —  Oleaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Fringe  tree,  Oldman's  beard,  Poison  ash, 
Snow-drop  tree,  Snow-flower,  Virginian  snow-flower  tree;  French, 
Chionanthe;  Get-man,  Schneebaum. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  deciduous  tree,  10  to  30  feet  high. 
The  leaves  are  opposite,  petiolate,  oval,  oblong,  smooth,  spreading, 
entire,  6  to  12  inches  long,  3  to  5  inches  wide.  The  flowers  are  white, 
appearing  from  April  to  June,  axillary,  panicled  with  filiform-branched 
pedicels. 

Habitat. —  Common  in  southern  Pennsylvania  and  southward; 
found  on  river  banks  and  sandy  plains.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  136. 

History. —  The  name  from  chion,  white  or  snow,  and  anthos,  a 
flower.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  E.  M. 
Hale,  New  Rem.  4th  ed.  209.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  463.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  bark. 


2O6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  •£$. 
Chionanthus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  637  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dihitions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;    3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CHLORINUM.  Chlorin. 

Chlorum. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Cl;  35.37. 

Synonyms. — English,  Chlorine  ;  French,  Chlore  ;  German,  Chlor. 

Description. —  A  greenish-yellow,  irrespirable  gas,  nearly  two  and  a 
half  times  as  heavy  as  air;  specific  gravity,  2.47.  It  is  liquefiable  at  a 
temperature  of — 34°  C.,  or  by  a  pressure  of  8.5  atmospheres  at  I2°.5  C. 
At  I5°C,  one  volume  of  water  dissolves  two  volumes  of  this  gas. 
This  solution,  when  exposed  to  a  temperature  approaching  o°  C., 
deposits  crystals  of  chlorin  hydrate  (C1(H2O)5)  and  becomes  colorless. 
It  is  a  very  active  germicide;  it  combines  with  all  the  elements, 
excepting  fluorin,  sometimes  with  evolution  of  heat  or  light,  or  even 
explosion.  With  hydrogen  it  combines  slowly,  forming  hydrogen 
chlorid  under  the  influence  of  diffused  light,  and  with  explosion,  when 
exposed  to  direct  sunlight,  or  to  highly  actinic  artificial  lights.  It  is 
readily  fixed  by  many  organic  bodies,  by  addition  or  substitution.  In 
contact  with  water  it  acts  as  a  powerful  bleaching  agent.  It  may  be 
prepared  from  hydrochloric  acid  and  manganese  dioxid.  Chlorinum 
is  also  used  in  medicine  in  the  form  of  chlorin  water,  which  should 
contain  at  least  0.4  per  cent  of  the  gas.  It  is  a  greenish-yellow,  clear 
liquid,  with  a  suffocating  odor  and  a  disagreeable  taste  of  chlorin. 
Evaporation  gives  no  residue.  This  aqueous  solution  is  officinal,  and 
according  to  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  is  prepared  as  follows : 

"  Place  the  dioxide  in  a  flask  connected  by  a  suitable  tube  with  a 
small  wash  bottle  containing  fifty  (50)  cubic  centimeters  of  water,  and 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  2O7 

connect  this  with  a  bottle  having  a  capacity  of  one  thousand  (1000) 
cubic  centimeters,  and  containing  four  hundred  (400)  cubic  centimeters 
of  distilled  water,  which  has  previously  been  boiled  and  allowed  to 
cool.  Add  to  the  dioxide  in  the  generating  flask  the  hydrochloric 
acid,  previously  diluted  with  twenty-five  (25)  cubic  centimeters  of 
water,  and,  by  means  of  a  sand  bath,  apply  a  gentle  heat.  Conduct 
the  generated  chlorine  through  the  water  contained  in  the  wash  bottle 
into  the  bottle  containing  the  distilled  water,  which  should  be  loosely 
stopped  with  cotton  and  kept,  during  the  operation,  at  a  temperature 
of  about  10°  C.  (50°  F.).  When  the  air  has  been  entirely  displaced  by 
the  gas,  disconnect  the  bottle  from  the  apparatus,  and,  having  inserted 
the  stopper,  shake  the  bottle,  loosening  the  stopper  from  time  to  time, 
until  the  gas  ceases  to  be  absorbed.  If  necessary,  reconnect  the 
bottle  with  the  apparatus,  and  continue  passing  the  gas  and  agitating 
until  the  distilled  water  is  saturated.  Finally,  pour  the  chlorine  water 
into  small,  dark  amber-colored,  glass-stoppered  bottles,  which  should 
be  completely  filled  therewith,  and  keep  them  in  a  dark  and  cool  place. 
Chlorine  water,  even  when  kept  from  light  and  air,  is  apt  to  deterio- 
rate. When  it  is  required  of  full  strength,  it  should  be  freshly 
prepared."  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  269;  X.  464. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f>:  3X -nsW 

Chlorin  water  U.  S.  P.  containing  0.4  per  cent  chlorin,  250  Cc. 

Distilled  water,  750  Cc. 

To  make  1000  Cc.  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  4x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water. 
All  preparations  should  be  freshly  made. 

CHRYSAROBINUM.  Chrysarobin. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. — French,  Chrysarobine ;  German,  Chrysarobin. 

Description. —  A  neutral  principle  in  its  impure,  commercial  form, 
extracted  from  Goa  powder,  a  substance  found  deposited  in  the  wood 
of  Andira  Araroba.  This  principle  is  commonly  misnamed  chryso- 
phanic  acid.  Goa  powder  contains  about  80  per  cent  of  its  weight  of 
chrysarobinum.  When  pure  it  is  a  tasteless  and  odorless  dull  orange- 


2O8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

yellow  powder,  subliming  in  bright  yellow  needles.  Exposed  to  the 
air,  moistened  with  water,  it  absorbs  oxygen  and  is  converted  into 
chrysophanic  acid.  It  is  slightly  soluble  in  cold  water  or  alcohol ; 
practically  soluble  in  150  parts  of  boiling  alcohol,  in  33  parts  of  boil- 
ing benzol,  and  in  solutions  of  the  alkalies.  It  fuses  at  304°  F.  The 
aqueous  solution  does  not  affect  litmus  paper.  Chrysarobinum  dis- 
solves in  concentrated  sulfuric  acid,  assuming  a  deep  red  color,  and  is 
precipitated  by  water,  unchanged. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

CICHORIUM  INTYBUS.  Chicory. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Chichorium  sylvestre,  Intybum  erraticum; 
English,  Chicory,  Wild  succory;  French,  Chicoree;  German,  Cichorie. 

Description. — A  perennial,  branching  herb,  with  a  woody,  branch- 
ing, fusiform  root,  having  a  milky  juice.  It  remains  fleshy  under 
cultivation.  The  stem  is  2  to  3  feet  high,  bristly  and  hairy.  The 
leaves  are  alternate,  the  lower  oblong,  lanceolate,  those  on  branches 
varying  to  mere  bracts.  The  flower-heads  are  axillary,  terminal, 
appear  July  to  September,  in  mornings  and  on  cloudy  days,  withering 
in  sunshine. 

Habitat. —  Europe ;  it  has  been  naturalized  in  this  country  along 
the  Atlantic  coast.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  93. 

History. —  Used  as  a  substitute  for  coffee.  Mentioned  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  by  Dr.  W.  Cattell,  Brit.  J.  of  Horn.  XI.  521.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  181 ;  X.  467.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 
Cichorium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gin., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  637  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  2OQ 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  3x  and  higher. 

CICUTA  MACULATA.  Spotted  Water  Hemlock. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cicutaria  maculata,  Sium  douglasii;  English, 
American  water  hemlock,  Beaver  poison,  Children's  bane,  Death  of 
man,  Musquash  root,  Poison  root,  Snakeweed,  Spotted  cowbane, 
Water  parsley,  Wild  hemlock;  French,  Cigue  d'Amerique;  German, 
Amerikanische  Wasserchierling. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  having  fleshy  and  tuber- 
ous roots.  The  stem,  from  3  to  6  feet  high,  is  stout,  branched  at 
the  top,  streaked  with  purple,  except  when  the  plant  grows  in  the 
shade,  when  it  is  green.  The  leaves,  with  clasping  petioles,  are  com- 
pound ;  leaflets  spreading,  lanceolate,  serrate,  sometimes  lobed,  pointed. 
The  flowers,  appearing  in  June  to  August,  are  white,  in  long  pedun- 
cled  axillary  umbels. 

Habitat. —  Common  in  swamps  in  North  America.  Fig.,  Mills- 
paugh,  67. 

History. — The  root  is  a  most  deadly  poison.  Mention  is  made  of 
it  in  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  VIII.  412.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  281 ; 
X.  467-] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Cicuta  maculata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


210  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

CICUTA  VIROSA.  Water  Hemlock. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cicuta  aquatica,  Cicutaria  aquatica,  Slum 
majus  angustifolium  ;  English,  Cowbane,  Long-leaved  cowbane,  Long- 
leaved  water  hemlock,  Long-leaved  water  parsnip,  Poisonous  cowbane, 
Snakeweed,  Water  cowbane,  Water  hemlock,  Water  parsnip ;  French, 
Cigue  vireuse ;  German,  Wasserschierling. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  plant,  with  a  thick,  white, 
fleshy,  tuberous,  hollow  root  having  circles  of  slender  rootlets.  The 
stem  is  2  to  4  feet  high,  hollow,  branched,  furrowed,  smooth  and 
often  reddish.  The  leaves  are  long,  on  long-sheathing  petioles,  are 
bi-ternate,  pinnate,  bright-green  in  color,  with  spear-shaped,  pointed, 
opposite,  petiolate,  sharply  serrate  leaflets  from  i  to  2  inches  long. 
The  white  flowers  are  numerous,  small,  on  long,  slender  pedicels,  in 
large,  upright  umbels,  not  crowded,  partly  terminal  and  partly  oppo- 
site, appearing  from  July  to  September. 

Habitat. —  Arctic  regions,  growing  in  swamps  and  wet  places. 
Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  168;  Winkler,  42  ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  187;  Bent,  and 
Trim.  119. 

History. —  This  plant  is  a  deadly  poison,  its  virulence  depending 
somewhat  upon  the  time  and  place  of  gathering.  It  is  not  identical 
with  conium.  Homoeopathic  authority,  Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  281.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> ;  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Cicuta  virosa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  jive  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  211 

CIMICIFUGA  RACEMOSA.  Black  Cohosh. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Actaea  gyrostachya,  A.  monogyna,  A.  orthos- 
tachya,  A.  racemosa,  Botrophis  actseoides,  B.  serpentaria,  Christo- 
pheriana  canadensis  racemosa,  Cimicifuga  serpentaria,  Macrotys 
actaeoides,  M.  octreoides,  M.  racemosa,  M.  serpentaria ;  English,  Black 
cohosh,  Black  snakeroot,  Bugbane,  Deerweed,  Rattleroot,  Rattlesnake 
root,  Rattleweed,  Richweed,  Squawroot ;  French,  Racine  d'actee  a 
grappes;  German,  Schwarze  Schlangenwurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  plant,  with  thick,  short,  hori- 
zontal, tough  root,  with  numerous  long  fibers  underneath,  scarred 
from  fallen  scales.  It  is  blackish  externally,  whitish  internally,  with  a 
peculiar,  disagreeable  odor,  and  bitter,  astringent  taste.  The  stem  is 
straight,  simple,  cylindrical,  smooth,  3  to  8  feet  high.  The  leaves  are 
bi-  or  tri-pinnate,  lower  very  large,  upper  smaller,  leaflets  cut  and 
serrate.  The  flowers  appear  in  June  and  July,  are  numerous,  y2  inch 
wide,  on  slender  horizontal  pedicels,  forming  a  terminal  raceme  I  to  3 
feet  long,  white  and  fetid.  The  fruit  ripens  in  September. 

Habitat. —  Rich  woodlands,  edges  of  fields,  newly  cleared  hillsides 
in  the  United  States  from  Maine  to  Michigan,  Canada  and  southward. 
Fig.,  Bent  and  Trim.  8;  Millspaugh,  11. 

History. —  Derivation  of  name  from  cimex,  a  bug,  and  fugo,  to  drive 
away.  It  was  a  popular  remedy  among  the  aborigines.  Its  properties 
were  made  known  to  the  medical  profession  in  1696.  Mentioned 
in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1856  by  Dr.  A.  Houghton,  N.  A.  J.  of 
Horn.  V.  27.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  468.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  T^. 
Cimicifuga,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  650  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


212  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


CINA.  Wormseed. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Absinthium  austriacum  tenuifolium,  A.  ponti- 
cum  tenuifolium,  A.  seriphium,  A.  tridentium  herbarior,  Artemisia 
austriaca,  A.  contra,  A.  lercheana,  A.  maritima,  var.  stechmanniana, 
var.  pauciflora,  A.  santonica,  A.  vahliana,  Semen  contra,  S.  sanctum, 
S.  santocini,  S.  zedoariae,  S.  zinae,  Sementina;  English,  Tartarian 
southern-wood,  Wormseed ;  French,  Graine  de  zedoaria ;  German, 
Zittersaame  Wurmsaame. 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  perennial  shrub,  with  many  slender, 
erect,  flowering  stems,  i  foot  high,  much  branched,  having  at  first 
leaves  at  the  base,  afterward  bare.  The  flower-heads  are  about  T^  to 
\  inch  long,  oblong,  ovoid,  sessile,  pale  brownish-green  color,  resem- 
bling seeds,  odorous  with  bitter  taste.  They  are  densely  arranged 
along  the  upper  portions  of  the  branches.  The  flowers  appear  in 
September. 

Habitat. —  Barbary  and  the  Levant.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  176; 
Winkler,  12;  Jahr  and  Cat.  188;  Goullon,  152. 

History. —  This  medicine  is  said  to  have  been  introduced  into 
Europe  by  the  Crusaders  as  an  anthelmintic,  but  was  not  so  much 
used  after  the  discovery  and  isolation  of  the  proximate  principle,  San- 
tonin. Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1829  by  Hahnemann, 
R.  A.  M.  L.  Vol.  I.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  307;  X.  460.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  flower-heads  of  the  Aleppo  or  Levant  Artemisia 
contra,  as  imported. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Cina,  ioo  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  loco  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Tritnrations :   ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  213 

CINCHONA  OFFICINALIS.  Peruvian  Bark. 

Natural  Order. —  Rubiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  China  fusca,  C.  officinalis,  Cinchona  calisaya, 
C.  cinerea,  C.  cordifolia,  C.  corona,  C.  flava,  C.  lancifolia,  C.  oblongi- 
folia,  C.  officinalis,  C.  rubra ;  English,  Peruvian  bark ;  French,  Luin- 
quina;  German,  Chinarinde. 

Source  and  Description. —  Cinchona  bark  is  obtained  from  several 
species  of  an  extensive  order  of  evergreen  shrubs  or  trees.  In 
some  localities  and  latitudes  it  is  a  beautiful  forest  tree,  60  to  80  feet 
high;  in  other  places  and  higher  latitudes,  it  is  a  shrub,  6  to  10  feet 
high.  The  bark  is  obtained  from  the  branches,  trunk  and  root.  It 
differs  more  or  less  in  form,  marking,  structure,  taste  and  odor;  that 
from  the  branches  and  stems  being  thinner,  curling  in  quills ;  that 
from  the  trunk,  thicker  and  in  flat  and  irregular  shapes;  while  the 
bark  of  the  root  is  in  chips.  A  former  classification,  by  color,  as 
yellow,  red,  and  pale,  is  disregarded  as  unreliable.  The  calisaya,  or 
yellow  bark,  derived  from  Cinchona  calisaya,  is  generally  in  quills  \y2 
to  2^  feet  long,  2  inches  in  diameter,  %  to  %  inch  thick,  externally 
gray,  internally  light  cinnamon  color,  with  ridges,  if  any,  longitudinal, 
and  numerous  longitudinal  and  transverse  fissures.  The  Cinchona 
rubra  or  red  bark,  is  from  C.  succirubra,  similar  in  appearance  to  the 
former,  in  quills,  broader  and  thicker,  externally  of  a  dingy  brownish 
gray,  internally  redder,  having  prominent  longitudinal  ridges  with 
warty  protuberances,  with  or  without  transverse  fissures.  The  Loxa 
or  crown  bark  is  obtained  from  the  C.  officinalis,  in  shorter  and 
smaller  quills,  3  to  18  inches  long,  ^  to  ^  inch  in  diameter,  variable 
in  thickness,  dark  in  color,  almost  black  externally,  internally  paler 
than  the  others. 

Habitat. —  A  native  of  South  America;  seldom  found  in  its  wild 
state,  but  cultivated  largely  in  India,  and  the  islands  of  Ceylon  and 
Java,  the  former  locality  yielding  only  about  one-twentieth  of  the 
world's  supply.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  52 ;  Winkler,  36 ;  Jahr  and  Cat. 
186;  Goullon,  137;  Bent,  and  Trim.  141. 

History. — The  discovery  and  history  of  this  remarkable  drug  is 
traditional.  Introduced  into  Europe  about  1632,  it  was  not  known  to 
naturalists  until  1737.  It  is  of  particular  interest  to  the  homoeopathic 


214  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

school  as  being  the  immediate  cause,  while  studying  its  effects,  of 
Hahnemann's  discovery  of  the  law  of  cure.  Fragmenta  de  Viribus 
Medicamentorum  Positivus.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  182;  X. 
460.] 

Part  Used.— The  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <l>:  Drug  strength  -£$. 

Cinchona,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


CINCHONINUM  SULPHURICUM.       Cinchonin  Sulfate. 
Cinchoninum  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol — (C19H22N2O)2H2SO4.2H2O;  720.54. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cinchoninae  sulphas,  Cinchoniae  sulphas; 
English,  Sulphate  of  cinchonine ;  French,  Sulfate  de  cinchonine ; 
German,  Schwefelsaures  Cinchonin. 

Description. —  Consists  of  hard,  white,  shining,  odorless,  very  bitter 
prisms.  Permanent  in  air.  Soluble  in  66  parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  and 
in  10  parts  of  alcohol.  At  100°  C.  it  gives  off  its  water  of  crystalliza- 
tion ;  at  240°  C.  it  melts  like  wax,  is  partially  volatilized,  turns  dark- 
red,  then  burns,  emitting  vapors  of  an  aromatic  odor  and  leaving  no 
residue.  Its  solutions  are  not  fluorescent.  It  gives  a  white  precipi- 
tate of  barium  sulfate  with  barium  chlorid,  and  a  white  precipitate  of 
cinchonin  with  ammonia.  It  is  obtained  from  cinchona  bark.  Men- 
tioned in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  316. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  215 

CINNAMOMUM.  Cinnamon. 

Natural  Order. —  Lauraceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Canella  zeylanica,  Cinnamomum  zeylanicum, 
Laurus  cassia,  L.  cinnamomum ;  English,  Cinnamon ;  French,  Canelle ; 
German,  Zimmt. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  20  to  30  feet  high,  with  erect 
trunk,  12  to  18  inches  in  diameter,  smooth  ash-colored  bark,  and 
numerous  wide-spreading,  declining  branches.  The  leaves  are  oppo- 
site, petiolate,  bright-green  above,  pale  beneath,  and  white  veined. 
The  flowers  are  large,  panicled,  terminal,  drooping,  axillary.  The 
bark  is  thin  as  writing  paper,  brittle,  dull  yellowish-brown  externally, 
darker  brown  internally,  having  little  holes  on  outer  surface  where 
leaves  have  been  removed.  It  has  a  fragrant  odor,  a  warm  sweet  and 
aromatic  taste.  It  is  imported  in  sticks  J^  inch  thick,  composed  of 
rolled  quills  covering  smaller  quills. 

Habitat. —  Ceylon,  growing  from  the  sea  level  to  an  elevation  of 
3,000  feet,  exceedingly  variable  in  form  and  size,  extensively  cultivated. 
/7£-.,Winkler,45 ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  189;  Goullon,  218;  Bent,  and  Trim.  224. 

History. —  It  was  held  in  high  esteem  and  seems  to  have  been  the 
spice  most  sought  for  in  all  oriental  voyages.  Mentioned  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  in  1855,  Hirschel's  Archiv.  f.  r.  u.  a.  Arzneiwirkungs- 
lehre,  I.  195.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  333;  X.  470,  654.] 

Part  Used. —  The  inner  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Cinnamomum,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

CIRSIUM  ARVENSE.  Canada  Thistle. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 


2l6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. — English,  Canada  thistle;  French,  Le  chardon ;  German, 
Haberdistel. 

Description. —  A  low,  branched  herb,  with  extensively  creeping 
root.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  spreading  or  lanceolate,  smooth,  or 
slightly  woolly  beneath,  with  prickly  margins.  The  flowers  are  purple 
and  appear  in  July  and  August,  in  small,  naked,  numerous  heads. 

Habitat. —  Naturalized  and  found  in  cultivated  fields  and  pastures. 
Common  at  the  north.  A  very  troublesome  weed. 

Parts  Used —  The  whole  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Cirsium  arvense,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  735  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


CISTUS  CANADENSE.  Frost-weed 

Natural  Order. —  Cistaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cistus  helianthemum,  C.  ramuliflorum,  Helian- 
themum  canadense,  H.  corymbosum,  H.  ramuliflorum,  H.  rosmari- 
folium,  Heteromeris  canadense,  H.  michauxii,  Lechea  major;  English, 
Canadian  rock-rose,  Garden  sunflower,  Frost-plant,  Frost-weed,  Frost- 
wort,  Holly-rose,  Ice-plant,  Rock-rose,  Scrofula-weed ;  French,  Le  ciste 
Canade;  German,  Canadisches  Sonnenroschen. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous,  herbaceous  plant,  i  to  2  feet 
high,  with  pubescent  stem,  simple  at  first.  The  leaves  are  simple 
entire;  the  lower  opposite,  the  upper  alternate.  The  flowers  are 
yellow,  of  two  sorts,  the  primary  few  or  solitary,  large,  pedunculate ; 
the  secondary  are  small,  clustered,  axillary,  nearly  sessile.  They 
appear  from  June  to  August,  open  only  once  in  sunshine  and  cast 
their  petals  by  the  next  day.  Late  in  autumn,  moisture  issuing  from 
the  cracked  bark  at  the  root  is  found  crystallized  in  the  early  morning, 
hence  the  name,  frost-weed. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  2 1/ 

Habitat. —  Maine  to  Wisconsin  and  southward,  in  dry,  sandy  soil; 
rare  west  of  the  Alleghanies ;  also  found  in  Canada.  Fig.,  Jahr  and 
Cat.  190;  Millspaugh,  28. 

History — The  name  derived  from  helios,  sun,  and  anthemon, 
flower.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1835  by  Dr.  Bute, 
published  in  1865  by  Dr.  Hering,  Hahn.  Month.  Supplement,  Vol.  i. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  333.] 

Parts  Used — The  entire  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  (f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Cistus  canadense,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  jive  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CLEMATIS  ERECTA.  Virgin's  Bower. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Clematis  recta,  Flammula  jovis,  F.  recta; 
English,  Upright  virgin's  bower;  French,  Clematite  cleorte;  Get  man, 
Brennende  Waldrebe. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous,  climbing  plant,  with  a  white, 
fibrous  root.  The  stem  is  about  3  feet  high,  greenish  or  reddish, 
nearly  smooth.  The  leaves  are  large,  opposite,  with  petiolate  leaflets 
five  to  nine.  The  flowers,  appearing  from  July  to  October,  are  white, 
in  upright,  terminal  umbels.  It  climbs  by  the  twisting  of  the  leaf 
stalks.  All  parts  are  extremely  acrid,  the  acridity  being  diminished 
by  drying. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  southern  Europe  and  northern  Africa;  com- 
mon in  woods.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  180;  Winkler,  51  ;  Goullon,  I. 


2l8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Name  from  klema,  a  vine.  It  was  employed  in  the  old 
school  pharmacy  as  a  local  irritant ;  used  by  .beggers  to  create  com- 
passion for  the  ulcers  it  produced.  It  was  introduced  in  homoeopathic 
literature  in  1828  by  Hahnemann,  Archiv.  VII.  I.  177.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  340.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves  and  stems  shortly  before  blossoming. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Clematis  erecta,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications  :  3x  and  higher. 

COBALTUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Cobalt. 

Cobalt* 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Co;  58.6. 

Description. —  A  not  very  abundant,  steel-gray,  hard,  brittle  metal. 
It  tarnishes  in  moist  air.  Is  soluble  in  sulfuric  and  hydrochloric  acids, 
freely  soluble  in  nitric  acid.  Specific  gravity  approximately  8.8.  It 
oxidizes  at  a  red  heat.  By  passing  a  current  of  pure  hydrogen  through 
a  solution  of  its  chlorid,  the  metal  is  obtained  for  homoeopathic  pur- 
poses in  a  spongy  form.  Cobalt  is  frequently  rendered  impure  by  the 
presence  of  nickel,  or  its  salts  may  contain  arsenic.  If  arsenic,  it  may 
be  detected  by  treating  a  solution  of  the  salt,  acidified  with  hydro- 
chloric acid,  with  hydrogen  sulfid.  Cobalt  occurs  as  smaltine,  or  tin- 
white  cobalt;  cobalt  bloom,  erythin,  or  arsenate;  cobalt  glance,  or 
sulfarsenate ;  earthy  cobalt  or  wad,  and  as  speiss  cobalt  from  which 
cobalt  salts  are  frequently  obtained.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, III.  361. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  2IQ 

COCAINUM  MURIATICUM.  Cocain  Hydrochlorid. 

Cocainum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C17H21NO4HC1;  338.71. 

Synonyms. — Latin,     Cocainae     hydrochloras ;     English,    Hydro- 
chlorate  of  cocaine. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white,  crystalline  powder,  or  of  trans- 
parent, colorless,  odorless  prisms.  Is  permanent  in  air.  Soluble  in 
0.48  parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  and  in  3.5  parts  of  alcohol.  Its  aqueous 
solution  has  a  bitter  taste  and  produces  on  the  tongue  a  tingling  sensa- 
tion, followed  by  numbness.  Submitted  to  heat  it  burns  without 
residue.  Freshly  made  solutions  are  neutral.  It  must  not  give  any 
precipitate  with  either  barium  chlorid  or  ammonium  oxalate.  Its 
aqueous  solution  gives  a  yellow  precipitate  with  auric  chlorid,  platinic 
chlorid,  picric  acid;  also  a  white  precipitate  with  mercuric  chlorid, 
stannous  chlorid,  alkalies  and  their  carbonates.  It  is  dissolved  by 
cold  mineral  acids  without  coloration.  It  is  prepared  from  cocain  — 
an  alkaloid  of  erythroxylon  coca  —  and  hydrochloric  acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


COCCULUS  INDICUS.  Indian  Cockle. 

Natural  Order. —  Menispermaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Anamirta  cocculus,  A.  paniculata,  Cocculus 
suberosus,  Menispermum  cocculus,  M.  heteroclitum,  M.  monadelphum ; 
English,  Indian  cockle,  Oriental  berries;  French,  Coque  du  Levant; 
German,  Kokkelskorner. 

Description. —  A  climbing  shrub,  with  corky,  ash-colored,  deeply 
corrugated  bark.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  on  long  petioles,  thickened 
at  the  ends,  smooth,  coriaceous,  broad.  The  flowers  are  small, 
dioecious,  in  pendulous,  compound  racemes.  The  fruit  is  a  dry,  light, 
roundish  nut,  y^  inch  in  diameter,  grayish-black,  wrinkled  externally, 
with  a  white,  thin,  internal  shell,  containing  an  oily,  whitish-yellow, 
odorless,  but  intensely  bitter  seed,  not  filling  the  cavity. 


22O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  Malabar  and  East  India  Islands.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I. 
184;  Winkler,  3;  Jahr  and  Cat.  192;  Goullon,  8;  Bent,  and  Trim.  14. 

History. —  It  was  principally  used  for  stupefying  fish.  Mentioned 
by  Hahnemann  in  1805,  Frag.  d.  v.  Med.  Pos.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  III.  338.] 

Part  Used. — The  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincttire  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Cocculus  indicus,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

The  tincture  should  be  filtered  at  a  temperature  of  or  below  50°  F. 
to  remove  the  fatty  acids. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

COCCUS  CACTI.  Cochineal. 

Order. — -  Homoptera. 
Family. —  Coccidae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Coccinella  Indica,  Coccionella  ;  French,  Coche- 
nille;  German,  Nopal- Schildlaus. 

Description. —  Only  the  female  of  this  species  is  made  use  of  in 
medicine.  The  male  is  smaller  than  the  female ;  has  a  snout  in  the 
thorax  and  a  red  body  which  ends  in  two  long  bristles.  The  female 
is  much  larger ;  has  a  bluish-red  oval  body,  transversely  striated,  with- 
out wings  or  terminal  bristles.  She  lays  several  thousand  eggs  in  a 
season  and  then  dies,  the  eggs  remaining  in  the  body,  from  which  the 
young  are  soon  hatched.  They  are  allowed  to  grow  until  the  females 
become  fecundated,  when  the  majority  are  brushed  from  the  cactus 
plants  upon  which  they  feed,  and  killed  by  immersion  in  hot  water. 
They  are  afterwards  dried  in  the  sun,  or  in  ovens  built  for  the  purpose. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  402. 

Habitat. —  The  cochineal  insect  is  found  native  in  Mexico  and 
Central  America,  but  is  now  cultivated  in  the  East  and  West  Indies, 
Algiers,  and  in  the  southern  part  of  Spain. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  221 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Coccus  cacti,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

COCHLEARIA  ARMORACIA.  Horse  Radish. 

Natural  Order. —  Cruciferae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Armoracia  rusticana,  A.  sativa,  Cochlearia 
rusticana,  Nasturtium  amphibium,  N.  armoracia,  Raphanus  rusticanus, 
Roripa  rusticana,  Sisymbrium  amphibium,  S.  indicum ;  English, 
Amphibious  cress,  Horse  radish,  Scurvy  grass,  Water  cress,  Water 
radish ;  French,  Radis  de  cheval ;  German,  Meerrettig. 

Description. — A  perennial,  herbaceous  plant,  with  fusiform  root 
large,  long,  scarred,  nearly  smooth,  with  thick,  horizontal  branches, 
brownish-yellow  externally,  whitish  internally,  very  pungent  and  acrid 
when  broken.  The  stems  are  erect,  2  or  3  feet  high,  branched  at  the 
top.  The  leaves  are  alternate ;  the  radical  leaves  are  very  large, 
oblong,  crenate,  rarely  pinnatifid;  the  stem  leaves  are  lanceolate. 
The  flowers  are  white  in  terminal  racemes  and  appear  in  May  and 
June. 

Habitat. —  A  native  of  Russia.  Found  throughout  the  United 
States  and  Canada  in  moist  grounds,  escaped  from  cultivation.  Fig., 
Winkler,  39;  Jahr  and  Cat.  166;  Goullon,  15;  Bent,  and  Trim.  21. 

History. —  So  called  from  cochlear,  a  spoon,  from  the  shape  of  the 
leaves.  During  the  middle  ages  the  root  and  leaves  were  used  as  a 
medicine  and  a  condiment.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in 
1838  by  Dr.  Franz,  Archiv.  XVII.  3,  176.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
III.  429-] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 


222  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  Y1^. 
Cochlearia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CODEINUM.  Codein. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C18H21NO3H2O  ;  316.31. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Codeina;  English,  Codeia,  Methyl  morphine; 
French,  Codeine;  German,  Codein,  Kodein. 

An  alkaloid  prepared  from  opium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  or  yellowish-white,  partially  trans- 
lucent, rhombic  prisms,  odorless,  and  having  a  slightly  bitter  taste.  It 
effloresces  in  warm  air.  Is  soluble  in  80  parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  and 
in  17  parts  of  boiling  water ;  freely  soluble  in  alcohol  and  chloroform. 
At  120°  C.  it  loses  its  water  of  crystallization  and  melts  at  150°  C., 
forming  a 'colorless  liquid;  reaction  alkaline.  It  burns  without 
residue.  Its  aqueous  solution  precipitates  the  salts  of  ferrum, 
cuprum,  plumbum  and  several  other  metals.  Codein  may  be  dis- 
tinguished from  morphin  by  the  fact  that  it  does  not  separate  iodin 
from  iodic  acid,  nor  does  it  become  blue  on  the  addition  of  ferric 
chlorid.  With  chlorin  water,  codein  gives  a  colorless  solution,  which 
ammonia  turns  red-brown.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III. 
430;  X.  473.  Maximum  dose  il/2  grains,  or  by  injection  one-half  as 
much. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations ;  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  22J 

COFFEA  CRUDA.  Coffee. 

Natural  Order. —  Rubiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Coffea  arabica,  C.  laurifolia,  C.  vulgaris,  Jas- 
minum  arabicum ;  English,  Coffee ;  French,  Cafe"  ;  German,  Kaffee. 

Description. — An  evergreen  pyramidal-shaped  shrub,  of  which 
there  are  many  species,  with  spreading  roots.  The  stem  is  straight, 
4  inches  thick,  10  to  16  feet  high,  with  long,  horizontal,  arching, 
opposite  branches.  The  leaves  are  oval,  opposite,  petiolate,  smooth, 
dark  green.  The  flowers  are  axillary,  nearly  sessile,  white  and  fragrant. 
The  fruit  is  a  fleshy  berry,  resembling  a  cherry,  changing  from  green 
to  red,  then  becoming  dark  purple.  The  fruit  contains  two  seeds 
which,  divested  of  their  coverings,  constitute  coffee. 

Habitat. —  Low  mountains  of  Arabia  and  tropical  parts  of  Africa, 
and  cultivated  in  West  Indies,  tropical  America,  India,  Ceylon  and 
various  places  where  the  temperature  is  sufficiently  high  and  uniform. 
Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  190;  Winkler,  31;  Jahr  and  Cat.  193;  Goullon, 
133;  Bent,  and  Trim.  144. 

History. —  The  name  is  possibly  derived  from  Coffa,  a  province  in 
Africa,  where  it  is  indigenous  in  great  abundance.  It  was  used  as 
early  as  the  ninth  century.  It  is  not  officinal  in  the  U.  S.  Pharma- 
copoeia. It  was  introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1823  by  Dr. 
Stapf,  who  published  its  pathogenesis,  Archiv.  II.  3,  150.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  435.] 

Part  Used. — The  seed;  using  the  best  unroasted  Mocha  coffee. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.'    Tincture  </>  .•  Drug  strength  ^. 

Coffea  cruda,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

COLCHICUM  AUTUMNALE.  Meadow  Saffron. 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 


224  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms — Latin,  Colchicum  anglicum,  C.  commune;  English, 
Meadow  saffron,  Naked  lady,  Tuber-root,  Upstart,  Wild  saffron ; 
French,  Colchique  ;  German,  Herbstzeitlose. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  a  short  subterranean  stem, 
having  three  to  five  dark-green  shining  leaves,  6  to  12  inches  long  and 
i  to  2  inches  broad,  appearing  in  April.  A  solitary,  large,  reddish-lilac 
colored  flower,  with  a  tube  6  to  7  inches  long,  appearing  for  a  few 
days  only,  the  preceding  September  or  October.  The  bulb,  or  corm, 
is  somewhat  the  shape  of  a  chestnut ;  has  a  tuft  of  filiform  roots 
beneath,  an  external  brown  and  internal  reddish-yellow  coat.  When 
gathered,  about  a  year  old,  it  is  from  I  ^  to  2  inches  in  length,  I  inch 
wide  at  the  lower  end,  flattened  on  the  side  on  which  a  new  corm  is 
forming,  and  rounded  on  the  other.  The  interior  is  white,  firm,  fleshy 
and  homogeneous,  unlike  the  tulip,  which  is  scaly.  It  yields  a  milky 
juice  of  an  acrid,  bitter  taste  and  disagreeable  smell. 

Habitat. —  It  is  found  in  moist  meadows,  in  middle  and  southern 
Europe  to  the  Mediterranean,  Greece,  Turkey  and  the  Crimea,  and  in 
many  parts  of  England.  In  the  Swiss  Alps  it  is  found  at  an  altitude 
of  5,000  feet.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  199;  Winkler,  34;  Jahr  and  Cat. 
195 ;  Goullon,  265  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  288. 

History. —  It  is  named  from  Colchis,  a  province  of  Armenia.  It 
was  used  in  medicine  as  early  as  the  thirteenth  century,  as  the  prin- 
cipal ingredient  in  all  gout  specifics.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  by  Stapf  in  1826,  Archiv.  VI.  I,  136.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  III.  448;  X.  474.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  bulbs;  dug  in  the  spring,  according  to 
Stapf.  Its  medicinal  virtue  appears  to  depend  largely  on  the  soil  and 
climate  where  grown  and  the  season  when  it  is  gathered. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Colchicum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  22$ 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and    higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


COLLINSONIA  CANADENSIS.  Stone-Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Labiatae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Collinsonia  decussata,  C.  ovalis,  C.  scrotina; 
English,  Canada  snake-root,  Hard-hack,  Heal-all,  Horse  or  Ox-balm, 
Horse-weed,  Knob-root,  Knob's  grass,  Knot-root,  Rich-weed,  Rock- 
weed,  Stone-root ;  French,  Baume  de  cheval ;  German,  Collinsonie. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  3  to  4  feet  high,  with  a 
very  hard,  nearly  horizontal  rhizome,  with  irregular  branches  from 
3  to  6  inches  long.  The  upper  surface  is  very  knotty,  the  lower  less 
so,  and  with  many  simple  rootlets.  The  stem  is  smooth  and  some- 
what angular.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  petiolate,  3  to  8  inches  long, 
simple,  ovate,  cordate  at  base.  The  flowers  are  greenish-yellow, 
numerous,  on  slender  petioles  in  loose  and  panicled  terminal  racemes, 
appearing  from  July  to  September. 

Habitat. —  New  England,  Michigan,  Kentucky  and  southward  to 
Florida,  abundant  along  the  Alleghanies ;  found  in  rich,  moist  woods. 
Fig.,  Millspaugh,  119. 

History. —  Named  for  Peter  Collinson.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic 
literature  in  1857  by  Dr.  Carroll,  N.  A.  J.  Horn.  V.  548.  (Hale's  New 
Remedies.)  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  507;  X.  476.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Collinsonia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


226  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


COLOCYNTK  Bitter  Apple. 

Natural  Order. —  Cucurbitaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Citrullus  colocynthis,  Colocynthis  vulgaris, 
Cucumis  colocynthis;  English,  Bitter  apple,  Bitter  cucumber,  Bitter 
gourd ;  French,  Coloquinte  ;  German,  Koloquinten. 

Description. —  An  annual,  deciduous,  trailing  vine,  with  large,  long, 
woody  and  branched  roots,  from  which  arise  several  slender,  rough, 
angular,  tough  stems,  with  alternate,  petiolate,  multifid  leaves,  variable 
in  size.  The  flowers  are  yellow,  large,  solitary,  axillary,  monoecious, 
pedunculate,  appearing  from  May  to  August.  The  fruit,  pepo  or 
gourd,  the  size  and  shape  of  an  orange,  from  2^  to  3^  inches  in 
diameter,  is  yellow,  with  a  thin,  solid,  smooth  rind.  It  is  found  in  this 
market  dried,  and  known  as  the  Turkey  or  peeled  variety.  It  is  in  the 
form  of  pithy,  light,  nearly  white  balls,  consisting  of  the  dried  internal 
pulp  and  imbedded  seeds,  inodorous,  with  an  intensely  bitter  taste. 

Habitat. —  It  grows  in  warm  and  dry  situations  over  an  extensive 
area,  in  India,  Ceylon,  Arabia,  Northern  Africa,  Cape  of  Good  Hope 
and  Japan.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  210  ;  Winkler,  46;  Jahr  and  Cat.  196; 
Goullon,  no;  Bent,  and  Trim.  114. 

History. —  It  was  known  to  the  Greek  and  Roman  physicians  as 
well  as  to  the  Arabian,  as  early  as  the  eleventh  century.  It  was 
proved  by  Hahnemann  in  1821,  R.  A.  M.  L.  2d  ed.  II.  173.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  477.] 

Part  Used. — The  pulp  of  the  fruit ;  rejecting  the  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Colocynth,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  22"J 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications;  3 x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

COMOCLADIA  DENTATA.  Guao. 

Natural  Order. —  Anacardiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Vernacular,  Guao ;  English,  Bastard  Brazil  wood  ; 
Toothed-leaved  maiden-plum ;  French,  Comoclade ;  German,  Die 
Astlose. 

Description. — An  evergreen  shrub,  4  to  8  feet  high,  with  erect 
trunk,  not  much  branched.  The  top  branches  are  tufted,  hence  the 
name,  derived  from  the  Greek,  signifying  hair  and  branch.  The  leaves 
are  divided,  leaflets  6  to  10  pairs,  with  an  odd  terminal  one,  pinnate, 
acute,  toothed,  with  a  brownish  tinge  at  the  margin,  shining  green 
above,  downy  beneath.  The  flowers  are  small,  bluish-brown,  in 
clusters,  appearing  in  July.  All  the  parts  emit  a  milky,  glutinous 
juice,  becoming  black  by  exposure,  staining  linen  or  skin  indelibly. 
If  the  tree  be  wounded  ever  so  little  it  emits  an  odor  of  dung. 

Habitat. — Cuba  and  San  Domingo,  growing  luxuriantly  near  the 
coast,  on  barren  or  stony  soil. 

History. —  The  natives  of  Cuba  think  it  fatal  to  sleep  under  it. 
All  parts  are  poisonous  to  touch.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  litera- 
ture in  1853  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Houard,  Phil.  J.  of  Horn.  IV.  73.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  509 ;  X.  478.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  leaves  and  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </> ;   Drug  strength  -^ 
Comocladia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Strong  alcohol,  830  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 


228  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

CONIUM  MACULATUM.  Poison  Hemlock. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cicuta  vulgaris,  Conium  major,  Coriandrum 
cicuta;  English,  Herb-Bermet,  Cicuta,  Hemlock,  Poison  hemlock, 
Poison  parsley,  Spotted  hemlock ;  French,  Grande  cigue ;  German, 
Schierling. 

Description. —  A  biennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  tap-shaped,  simple, 
whitish  root.  The  stem  is  erect,  branching,  round,  hollow,  except  at 
the  joints,  smooth,  spotted,  reddish-brown,  glaucous,  and  from  4  to 
8  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  large,  alternate,  with  long  furrowed 
petioles,  sheathing  at  their  base,  tri-pinnate,  with  lanceolate,  pinnatifid 
leaflets.  They  are  dark,  dull  green  above  and  pale  beneath,  with  a 
fetid  odor  when  bruised.  The  flowers,  June  and  July,  are  perfect, 
white,  terminal,  in  umbels,  with  10  or  more  rays. 

Habitat. —  It  grows  in  waste  places  in  temperate  countries  of  Asia, 
Europe  and  northern  Africa.  It  has  been  naturalized  in  some  portions 
of  North  America.  Found  in  waste  places  near  the  water.  Fig.,  Flora 
Horn.  I.  219;  Winkler,  49;  Jahr  and  Cat.  197;  Goullon,  129;  Mills- 
paugh,  68. 

History. —  This  plant  is  generally  supposed  to  be  the  Greek  Koneion 
(from  Konos,  a  cone  or  top),  the  celebrated  state  poison.  It  was  called 
by  the  Romans,  Cicuta,  and  known  in  the  fourth  or  fifth  century,  B.  C. 
In  1825,  Hahnemann  published  his  proving,  R.  A.  M.  L.  2d  edition. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  519;  X.  490.] 

Part  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant  in  blossom. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .'  Drug  strength  -£$. 
Conium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  637  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol;   3x   and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  22Q 

CONVALLARIA  MAJALIS.  Lily  of  the  Valley. 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Lilium  convallium  ;  English,  Lily  of  the  valley, 
May  lily ;  French,  Muquet ;  German,  Maiblumen. 

Description, —  A  low,  perennial,  stemless  herb,  with  a  creeping, 
whitish  branched  rhizome  the  thickness  of  a  quill,  having  2  or  3 
elliptic,  radical  leaves,  with  long,  sheathing  petioles,  enrolled  one 
within  the  other,  so  as  to  appear  like  a  stalk.  The  fragrant  white 
flowers  are  bell-shaped  with  six  recurved  lobes,  nodding  on  an  angled 
scape  6  inches  high,  bearing  a  one-sided  raceme,  and  appear  in  May. 

Habitat. —  Europe  and  Asia,  cultivated  in  gardens.  Introduced 
into  the  United  States,  found  in  the  Alleghanies  from  Virginia  south- 
ward, sparingly  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  or  New  England  States.  Fig., 
Goullon,  253. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Latin  convallis,  a  valley.  It  was 
mentioned  as  a  remedy  by  Galen.  Noticed  in  homoeopathic  literature, 
Hahn.  Monthly,  XVI.  692,  Nov.  1881. 

Parts  Used — The  whole  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Convallaria,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;    3\  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

CONVOLVULUS  DUARTINUS.  Morning  Glory. 

Natural  Order. —  Convolvulaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Calonyction  speciosum,  Convolvulus  pulcherri- 
mus,  Ipomoea  bona-nox ;  English,  Morning  glory,  Brazilian  morning 
glory. 


23O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. — A  deciduous,  smooth,  climbing  herb,  10  feet  long. 
The  leaves  are  large,  lanceolate,  entire,  generally  cordate,  rising  from 
the  axils  of  the  flower-bearing  branches.  The  flowers  are  white, 
trumpet  shaped,  in  twos  or  threes,  pediceled,  appearing  in  July  and 
August. 

Habitat. —  West  Indies;  cultivated  in  Europe  and  America. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Mure  in  1849, 
Pathogenesie  Bresilienne,  307.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  553.] 

Part  Used. —  The  flowers. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Convolvulus  duartinus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


COPAIVA  OFFICINALIS.  Balsam  of  Copaiba. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Copaifera  glabra,  C.  jacquini,  C.  lansdorffii,  C. 
laxa,  C.  multijuga,  C.  nitida,  C.  officinalis,  C.  sellowii ;  EnglisJi,  Balsam 
of  copaiba;  French,  Oleo-r6sine (Baume)  de  copahu;  German,  Copaiva- 
balsam. 

Description. — An  oleo-resin,  obtained  from  several  species  of  ever- 
green trees,  varying  from  the  dimensions  of  shrubs  to  forest  trees, 
growing  in  moist  forests  and  in  dry  and  high  altitudes.  It  is  a  clear, 
transparent  liquid,  of  the  consistence  and  color  of  olive  oil,  having  a 
peculiar  aromatic  odor,  and  persistent,  acrid,  hot,  bitterish,  nauseous 
taste.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol.  On  exposure  to 
the  air  it  becomes  thicker,  dark  colored,  dries  and  is  brittle.  That 
obtained  from  Brazil  is  esteemed  the  best. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  25! 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Central  and  South  America ;  cultivated  in  the 
West  Indies  and  elsewhere.  Fig.,  Winkler,  40;  Goullon,  81 ;  Bent, 
and  Trim.  93. 

History. —  Mentioned  by  Hahnemann,  Fragmenta  de  Viribus  Medi- 
camentorum,  116.  It  was  described  and  used  in  medicine  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  554;  X.  491.] 

Part  Used — The  oleo-resin. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .-  Drug  strength  ^. 

Copaiba,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  900  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CORALLIUM  RUBRUM.  Red  Coral. 

Order —  Actinoida. 

Family. —  Gorgoniadae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Gorgonia  nobilis,  Isis  nobilis;  English,  Red 
coral;  French,  Corail  rouge;  German,  Rothe  Koralle. 

Description. —  This  structure  is  the  product  of  the  coral  Zoophyte. 
It  resembles  a  branching  shrub  without  leaves ;  is  compact  and  solid, 
and  of  a  rose  or  red  color.  It  is  hard  and  brilliant ;  can  be  polished 
like  gems,  and  shines  like  garnet.  Besides  the  central  axis,  which  is 
hard  and  brittle,  the  stem  has  a  soft  covering,  or  epidermis,  which 
is  friable  or  brittle  when  dry.  From  cavities  in  the  epidermis,  small, 
milk-white  polypes  protrude.  Each  polype  has  a  mouth  surrounded 
by  arms,  ciliated  or  covered  with  fine  fringes.  The  epidermis  is  of  a 
delicate  white  tissue,  containing  the  long  cavities  of  the  polypes 
and  numerous  canals  sprinkled  with  small  calcareous  corpuscles. 
Carbonate  of  lime  is  the  chief  of  the  chemical  constituents  of  the  red 
coral,  while  rather  more  than  four  per  cent  of  oxid  of  iron  gives  it 
its  color.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  561. 
PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:   ix  and  higher. 


232  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

CORIARIA  RUSCIFOLIA.  Toot-Berry. 

Natural  Order —  Coriaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Coriaria  sarmentosa,  C.  tormentosa;  English, 
Toot-berry,  Toot-poison  ;  Vernacular,  Tupa-kihi,  Tutee,  Tutu  ;  French, 
Redoue ;  German,  Gerberstrauch. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  shrub,  6  to  20  feet  high,  with  angular 
branches.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  entire,  simple,  ribbed,  sub-ovate, 
shining  dark  green,  I  to  3  inches  long.  The  flowers  are  very  minute, 
axillary,  in  drooping  racemes  ;  are  either  hermaphrodite,  monoecious  or 
dioecious. 

Habitat. —  New  Zealand. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  Corium,  a  hide.  The  juice  of  the 
berries  affords  a  pleasant  drink.  The  seeds  are  very  poisonous. 
Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1866  by  Dr.  J.  Giles,  Monthly 
Horn.  Rev.  IX.  278,  X.  188.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  564; 
X.  492.] 

Part  Used.— The  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^ 

Coriaria,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  400  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3 x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CORNUS  CIRCINATA.  Round-Leaved  Dogwood. 

Natural  Order. —  Cornaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cornus  rugosa,  C.  tomentulosa;  English,  Alder 
dogwood,  Cornea,  Dogwood,  Green  osier,  Round-leaved  cornel,  Round- 
leaved  dogwood,  Swamp  sassafras ;  French,  Cornouiller  a  feuilles 
arrondies  ;  German,  Canadisches  (Rundblatteriger)  Kornel. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  233 

Description. — A  deciduous  shrub,  6  to  10  feet  high,  with  greyish 
bark.  The  branches  are  green,  opposite,  straight  and  slender;  the 
younger  are  red  spotted,  the  older  warted.  The  leaves  are  opposite, 
simple,  round,  oval,  abruptly  pointed,  2  to  5  inches  broad,  woolly 
underneath.  The  flowers  are  white,  perfect,  in  terminal,  open,  very 
spreading  cymes,  appearing  in  June. 

Habitat. —  North  America;  found  in  rich  soil  in  copses  from 
Canada  to  the  Carolinas,  west  to  the  Mississippi.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  72. 

History. —  Name  from  cornu,  a  horn,  on  account  of  the  hardness 
of  the  weed.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Marcy  in 
1853,  Phil.  J.  of  Horn.  II.  206,  July,  1853.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
III.  565-] 

Part  Used.—  The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  y^. 

Cornus  circinata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  215  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and   higher,    with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CORNUS  FLORIDA.  Dogwood. 

Natural  Order.— Cornaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Benthamidia  florida;  English,  American  box- 
wood, Bitter  red-berry,  Box-tree,  Boxwood,  Dog-tree,  Dogwood,  Great 
flowering  dogwood,  Large  flowering  cornel,  Male  Virginian  dogwood, 
New  England  boxwood ;  French,  Cornuillier  a  grandes  fleurs ;  German, 
Grossbliithige  Kernel. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  tree,  12  to  30  feet  high,  much  branched, 
with  dark  greyish,  thick,  rough  bark  on  the  trunk,  branches  smooth, 
with  scars  of  previous  leaves.  The  leaves,  3  to  4  inches  long,  are 


234  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

opposite,  petiolate,  entire,  ovate,  acute  at  both  ends,  slightly  rough, 
dark  green  above,  paler  beneath,  finely  pubescent  when  young.  The 
flowers  appear  in  May  to  June,  are  small,  sessile,  greenish,  12  to  20 
on  expanded  end  of  stout  peduncle,  an  inch  or  more  in  length,  the 
whole  surrounded  by  a  white  involucre  of  4  inversely  heart-shaped 
leaves,  rose-tinted  in  the  notches. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  from  Massachusetts  to  Florida,  westward 
to  the  Mississippi;  found  in  rocky  woods.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  136 ; 
Millspaugh,  71. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  by  Dr.  Bates  in 
1864,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  I.  29,  Feb.  1864.  (Rale's  New  Rem.)  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  492.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Cornus  florida,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  215  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and  higher,    with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CORNUS  SERICEA.  Swamp  Dogwood. 

Natural  Order. —  Cornaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cornus  alba,  C.  amomum,  C.  coerulea,  C. 
cyanocarpus,  C.  lanuginosa,  C.  obliqua,  C.  polygama,  C.  rubinginosa ; 
English,  American  red  cornel,  Blue-berried  cornus,  Blue-berried, 
Female  or  Swamp  dogwood,  Kinnikinnik,  Red  osier,  Red  rod  or 
willow,  Rose  willow,  Silky  cornel,  Silky-leaved  dogwood,  Willow  rose ; 
French,  Cornouille  soyeux ;  German,  Sumpf-Kornel. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  235 

Description. —  A  deciduous  shrub,  with  stem  5  to  icfeet  high,  with 
spreading  branches  and  woolly  twigs,  the  bark  having  a  distinct  purple 
tint,  a  slight  odor,  and  a  somewhat  bitter,  astringent  taste.  The 
leaves  are  opposite,  large,  petiolate,  narrowly  ovate,  or  elliptical- 
pointed,  entire,  silky-downy,  often  rusty  beneath.  The  yellowish- 
white  flowers  appear  from  June  to  August,  in  depressed,  woolly,  open 
and  flat-spreading  cymes. 

Habitat. —  North  America,  from  Canada  to  the  mountains  of  South 
Carolina ;  common  in  wet  places.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  73. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1879.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  493.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Cornus  sericea,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


COTYLEDON  UMBILICUS.  Pennywort. 

Natural  Order. —  Crassulaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Umbilicus  pendulinus ;  English,  Hipwort, 
Kidneywort,  Navelwort,  Pennywort ;  French,  Cotylet ;  German,  Nabel- 
kraut. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  herb,  with  fleshy,  tuberous  root,  from 
which  rises  in  summer  a  stalk,  with  radical,  succulent  leaves,  which 
change  their  peltate  form  and  pass  into  bracts.  The  stem  is  simple, 
or  slightly  branched,  4  to  12  inches  high.  The  pale,  small,  roundish, 
bell-shaped  flowers  appear  in  June  and  July,  in  long,  pendulous  racemes. 


236  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  A  common  weed  in  the  west  of  England,  parts  of  Wales, 
southern  and  western  Europe  ;  found  on  the  sides,  or  in  the  crevices, 
of  damp  rocks  and  walls. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  kotyle,  a  vessel,  or  cup.  Introduced 
into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1853  by  provings  by  Dr.  Craig,  B.  J.  of 
Horn.  XI.  598.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  571.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  ,•  Drug  strength  -£$. 
Cotyledon,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  600  Cc.  =  700 

Strong  alcohol,  332  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  six  parts  distilled 

water,  three  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


CREOSOTUM.  Creosote. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Kreosotum  ;  English,  Kreosote  ;  French,  Cre"o- 
sote;  German,  Kreosot. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  colorless  oily  liquid,  becoming  yellowish 
with  age,  and  having  a  disagreeable  smoky  odor  and  a  caustic  burning 
taste.  With  120  parts  of  hot  water  it  forms  a  clear  solution,  which 
becomes  turbid  on  cooling,  while  with  150  parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  it 
forms  a  partially  clear  solution.  It  is  freely  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether, 
chloroform,  benzin,  carbon  disulfid,  glacial  acetic  acid,  and  in  fixed  and 
volatile  oils;  reaction  neutral;  specific  gravity  from  1.035  to  1.085. 
When  heated  it  volatilizes  without  residue.  Creosote  boils  at  about 
205°  C.  and  forms  a  gelatinous  substance  on  cooling.  It  burns  with  a 
luminous,  sooty  flame,  is  a  non-conductor  of  electricity  and  very 
refractive  to  light ;  it  produces  a  white  stain  on  the  skin.  With 
bromin  water  its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  resinous  precipitate ;  with 
ferric  chlorid,  a  gray-green  or  transient  blue  color,  changing  to  dingy 
brown,  accompanied  by  turbidity  of  the  liquid  and  the  separation  of  a 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  237 

flocculent  precipitate.  It  is  decomposed  by  strong  nitric  and  sulfuric 
acids.  Creosote  is  a  mixture  of  several  compounds,  and  is  obtained 
by  the  distillation  of  wood-tar.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
V.  408 ;  X.  569. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  ^  in  strong  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher  ;  freshly  prepared. 

CROCUS  SATIVUS.  Saffron. 

Natural  Order. —  Iridaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Crocus  autumnalis,  C.  hispanicus  ;  C.  officinalis, 
C.  orsinii,  C.  verus  ;  English,  Saffron,  Fall  crocus  ;  French  and  German^ 
Safran. 

Description. —  A  small  plant,  6  inches  high,  with  fleshy,  bulb-like 
corm,  with  grassy  leaves.  The  flower  is  large,  of  lilac  or  bluish-purple 
color,  appearing  in  September  and  October.  It  has  a  large  orange-red 
stigma,  the  three  pendulous  divisions  of  which  protrude  beyond  the 
perianth  and  are  the  parts  used  in  pharmacy.  The  stigmata  are  I  to 
\yz  inches  long,  brownish-red,  the  upper  portion  expanded  and  notched 
at  the  extremity.  The  odor  is  penetrating  and  aromatic,  and  the  taste 
bitter. 

Habitat. —  A  native  of  Asia  Minor,  Greece,  Italy  and  Persia;  natu- 
ralized in  England,  France  and  Spain,  and  also  to  a  limited  extent  in 
Pennsylvania.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  231  ;  Winkler,  57;  Jahr  and  Cat. 
199;  Goullon,  276;  Bent,  and  Trim.  274. 

History. —  It  is  the  krokos  of  the  ancient  Greek  physicians  and  the 
zaffaran  of  the  Arabians.  Proved  by  Stapf  in  1836.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  III.  578 ;  X.  495.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  stigmata. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Crocus  sativa,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


238  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


CROTALUS.  Rattlesnake. 

Order. —  Orphidia. 
Family. —  Crotalidse. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Crotalus  horridus,  C.  durissus  ;  English,  Large 
North  American  rattlesnake,  Banded  rattlesnake. 

Description. —  Head,  broad  and  triangular,  with  a  deep,  scaly  pit  on 
each  side,  below  and  in  front  of  the  eye ;  the  parietals  and  frontals 
are  scale-like  and  the  nasal  plate  divided.  The  hollow  fangs  are 
recurved  and  consist  of  two  fully  developed  ones,  ^  of  an  inch  long, 
and  four  to  six  undeveloped  pairs  y%  to  y2  of  an  inch  long.  The  neck 
is  contracted,  while  the  body  is  40  or  more  inches  in  length,  the  back 
and  sides  covered  with  keeled  scales,  the  belly  with  unkeeled  plates. 
The  tail  ends  in  .a  rattle,  consisting  of  from  6  to  20  depressed  horny 
rings ;  each  ring  has  a  posterior  tongue-shaped  portion,  which  is  held 
in  the  hollow  of  the  anterior  part  of  its  succeeding  fellow  by  a  knob, 
called  the  button.  Several  joints  may  be  added  to  the  rattle  each 
season.  The  general  coloration  varies  from  yellowish-tawny  to 
blackish-brown,  with  the  belly  of  lighter  shades  and  the  tail  black. 
The  venom,  secreted  in  a  sac  at  the  base  of  the  fangs,  is  greenish- 
yellow,  odorless  and  tasteless;  reaction  acid;  specific  gravity  1.054. 
It  dries  in  solid,  yellow,  fragile  particles,  transparent  or  translucent, 
and  seemingly  indestructible  by  time.  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell  states 
that  the  toxicity  of  dried  venom  proved  unimpaired  after  22  years ; 
of  venom  kept  in  glycerin,  after  19  years.  The  toxicity  depends  on 
the  presence  of  venom-globulines,  is  not  affected  by  brief  boiling,  or 
by  brief  exposure  to  strong  acids ;  permanganate  of  potassium  is  the 
best  local  antidote.  The  venom  mixes  readily  with  water  or  glycerin, 
but  throws  down  a  large  precipitate  with  alcohol.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  III.  588 ;  X.  495. 

Part  Used. —  The  venom ;  procured  by  compressing  the  gland, 
while  the  serpent  is  either  pinioned  in  a  frame  or  under  the  influence 
of  chloroform. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  239 


PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solutions  <f>:  j-J^  in  glycerin. 

b.  Dilutions :  3x  and  higher,  with  glycerin. 

c.  Tritnrations :  3x  and  higher. 


CROTON  TIGLIUM.  Croton  Oil. 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Croton  jamalgota,  Granatiglii,  Oleum  crotonis, 
Tiglium  officinale ;  English,  Croton  oil,  Croton  oil  plant,  Purging  nut ; 
French,  Huile  de  croton;  German,  Crotonol. 

Source  and  Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  15  to  20  feet  high, 
with  a  smooth  bark  and  slender  branches,  having  alternate,  petiolate 
leaves,  and  green,  racemose,  terminal  flowers,  appearing  from  August 
to  September.  The  seeds  are  oblong-ovate,  somewhat  angular,  about 
the  size  of  a  coffee  bean,  with  a  pale-brown  skin,  covering  a  smooth, 
thin,  brittle,  green  shell,  and  an  oily,  white,  inodorous  kernel,  the  taste 
of  which,  at  first  mild  and  oleaginous,  becomes  nauseous  and  persist- 
ently acrid. 

Habitat. —  East  Indies  and  the  Coromandel  coast.  Fig.,  Winkler, 
24;  Goullon,  225  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  239. 

History. —  Used  in  medicine  in  the  seventeenth  century.  Men- 
tioned in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1834  by  Joret,  A.  H.  Zeit.  IV. 
369.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  606;  X.  498.] 

Part  Used. — The  oil. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <£ :  T^  with  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions :  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

CUBEBA  OFFICINALIS.  Cubebs. 

Natural  Order. —  Piperaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Piper  caudatum,  P.  cubeba;  English,  Cubeb 
pepper,  Cubebs;  French,  Cub^be;  German,  Kubeben. 


240  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  large,  climbing  shrub,  with  smooth,  zigzag,  striate 
stem.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  petiolate,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  entire, 
glabrous,  6  inches  long.  The  flowers  are  minute,  dioecious,  in  solid 
spikes,  opposite  the  leaves.  The  berries  grow  in  clusters,  are  globular, 
depressed  at  the  base,  slightly  pointed  at  the  apex,  wrinkled,  greyish- 
brown  color,  resembling  black  pepper,  with  strong,  aromatic  odor,  and 
a  bitter,  acrid,  persistent  taste. 

Habitat. — Java  and  the  adjacent  islands.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  201 ; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  243. 

History. —  Name  from  the  Arabic  kababah  ;  used  in  medicine  in 
the  tenth  century.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  by  Noack 
in  1832,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  XV.  369.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III. 
626 ;  X.  498.] 

Part  Used. —  The  berries. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Cubeba,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


CUNDURANGO.  Condor  Plant. 

Natural  Order. —  Asclepiadaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Echites  acuminata,  E.  hirsuta,  Equatoria 
garciniana,  Condurango,  Gonolobus  cundurango,  G.  tetragonus,  Pseus- 
magennetus  equatoriensis ;  English,  Condor  plant. 

Description. —  A  vine  from  10  to  30  feet  long,  i  to  2  inches  in 
diameter,  with  smooth,  ash-gray  bark,  more  or  less  marked  with 
greenish  or  blackish  lichens.  The  bark  comes  in  the  form  of  quills, 
about  y1^  to  £  inch  thick,  brownish-gray,  externally  wrinkled  and  warty, 
the  inner  surface  lighter  in  color  and  dotted  with  light-brownish  cells. 
It  is  odorless  and  has  an  acrid,  bitter  taste. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  24! 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1871  by  Dr. 
Dunham,  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  31.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
IV.  i.] 

Part  Used — The  dried  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>  /  Drug  strength  3^. 

Cundurango,  -  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CUPRUM  ACETICUM.  Cupric  Acetate. 

Cuprum  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Cu  (C2H3O2)2H2O;  198.86. 

Synonyms — Latin,  Cupri  acetas,  Acetas  cupricus,  Flores  virides 
ae'ris ;  English,  Acetate  of  copper,  Cupric  acetate,  Crystallized  verdi- 
gris, Copper  verditer,  Crystals  of  Venus ;  French,  Acetate  de  cuivre, 
Crystaux  de  V6nus ;  German,  Kupferacetat,  Griinspau. 

Description. —  Green-blue  prisms,  nearly  transparent,  with  an  odor 
of  acetic  acid  and  a  strong  metallic  taste.  Soluble  in  15  parts  of 
water  at  15°  C.  At  a  temperature  of  100°  C.  it  loses  its  water  of  crys- 
tallization; at  no0  C.,  vapors  of  acetic  acid  are  given  off,  and  at 
270°  C.  it  is  decomposed  into'  acetone,  carbon  dioxid  and  metallic 
copper.  With  ammonium  hydrate,  or  ammonium  carbonate,  it  gives 
a  greenish-blue  precipitate,  soluble  in  an  excess  of  the  reagent,  forming 
a  liquid  of  a  deep-blue  color.  It  is  obtained  from  copper  and  acetic 
acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  16.  A  poison.  Maxi- 
mum dose  }£  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Triturations:  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 


242  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Solutions :  y^  2x  in  distilled  water. 

c.  Dilutions:  3x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water. 
All  preparations  of  this  salt  should  be  freshly  made. 


CUPRUM  ARSENICOSUM.          Hydric  Cupric  Arsenite. 
Cuprum  Arsenite. 

Chemical  Symbol.— CuHAsO3 ;  186.96. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cuprii  arsenis ;  English,  Arsenite  of  copper, 
Sheele's  green ;  French,  Arsenite  de  cuivre. 

Description. —  A  pulverulent,  light-green  compound,  often  used  as 
a  pigment  color.  It  is  insoluble  in  water  or  alcohol,  but  soluble  in 
alkalies,  ammonium  hydrate  and  acids.  Its  solution  in  potassium 
hydrate  is  blue ;  when  boiled,  cupric  oxid  is  deposited  and  the  liquid 
contains  potassium  arsenate.  It  is  prepared  by  adding  potassium 
arsenite  to  a  solution  of  copper  sulfate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Ency- 
clopedia, IV.  28 ;  X.  500.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  I  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CUPRUM  CARBONICUM.  Cupric  Carbonate. 

Cuprum  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol.—  CuCO3  +Cu(OH)2  +H 2 O. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cupri  carbonas  ;  English,  Carbonate  of  copper, 
Hydrated-dibasic  cupric  carbonate ;  French,  Carbonate  de  cuivre ; 
German,  Kohleusaurer  Kupfa. 

Description. —  It  is  found  native  as  malachite.  It  is  also  obtained  by 
precipitating  a  solution  of  sulfate  of  copper  with  a  solution  of  carbonate 
of  sodium ;  a  blue  precipitate  of  CuCO3+CuOH2-f  H2O  is  thrown  down. 
This,  on  standing,  is  converted  into  a  green  powder,  having  the  com- 
position of  malachite.  Insoluble  in  water,  and  becoming  black  when 
boiled  in  it ;  soluble  with  effervescence  in  hydrochloric  acid ;  soluble 
without  residue  in  solutions  of  ammonia,  forming  a  deep  blue,  and  in 
potassium  cyanid,  forming  a  colorless  liquid. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  243 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

CUPRUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Copper. 

Cuprum. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Cu  ;  63.18. 

Synonyms.— Latin,  Cupreum  filum ;  English,  Copper,  Copper  wire; 
French,  Cuivre;  German,  Kupfer. 

Description. —  A  malleable,  ductile  metal,  of  a  reddish  color,  often 
found  in  the  native  state.  Its  specific  gravity  is  8.9  and  its  melting 
point  1300°  C. ;  it  is  a  very  good  conductor  of  heat  and  electricity.  It 
dissolves  readily  in  nitric  acid,  giving  a  blue  solution.  Its  solutions 
give  with  ammonium  hydrate  a  precipitate,  which  is  dissolved  in  an 
excess  of  the  precipitant,  forming  an  intense  blue  liquid,  having  the 
property  of  dissolving  cellulose ;  with  hydrogen  sulfid  a  black  precipi- 
tate is  obtained,  and  with  potassium  ferrocyanid  a  red-brown  precipitate 
appears.  When  a  strip  of  iron  or  of  zinc  is  immersed  in  the  solution 
of  a  copper  salt,  metallic  copper  is  separated.  It  is  not  acted  upon  by 
dilute  sulfuric  acid,  and  for  this  reason  it  is  employed  as  the  negative 
plate  in  galvanic  batteries ;  it  forms  two  series  of  salts,  cuprous  and 
cupric.  Exposed  to  air  it  is  slightly  tarnished.  It  is  extracted  from 
its  ores,  which  are  abundant  in  nature.  Pure  copper  is  obtained  by 
allowing  a  solution  of  copper  sulfate  to  remain  in  contact  with  pure 
zinc ;  pure  metallic  copper  is  deposited  as  a  fine  spongy  mass,  which, 
after  washing  and  drying,  yields  a  soft,  impalpable,  dark-red  powder. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  34. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  \  x  and  higher. 

CUPRUM  SULPHURICUM.  Cupric  Sulphate. 

Cuprum  Sulphate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— CuSO4.sH2O  ;  248.8. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cupri  sulphas,  Sulfas  cupricus,  Cuprum 
vitriolatum  ;  English,  Sulphate  of  copper,  Blue  vitriol,  Roman  vitriol, 


244  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Blue  stone ;  French,  Sulfate  de  cuivre,  Vitriol  bleu ;  German,  Kupfer- 
vitriol,  Schwefelsaures  Kupfer. 

Description. —  Transparent,  odorless,  deep-blue  prisms,  with  a 
strong,  styptic,  metallic  taste,  soluble  in  2.5  parts  of  water  at  ordi- 
nary temperature,  almost  insoluble  in  alcohol;  slightly  efflorescent. 
Heated  at  240°  C,  this  salt  loses  its  water  of  cystallization  and  becomes 
amorphous  and  white;  by  the  addition  of  water,  the  blue  color  reap- 
pears. At  a  red  heat  it  is  decomposed  into  sulfur  dioxid,  oxygen  and 
black  cupric  oxid.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  white  precipitate 
with  barium  sulfate  and  a  deep-blue  color  with  an  excess  of  ammonium 
hydrate.  It  is  obtained  from  native  copper  pyrites.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  34;  X.  503. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


CURARE.  Curare. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Strychnos  gujanensis,  S.  toxifera;  Vernacular, 
Ourary,  Surari,  Urali,  Urari,  Woorali,  Wourali,  Wourari,  Wurali. 

Description. —  A  South  American  arrow  poison,  supposed  to  be 
made  of  several  species  of  strychnos,  with  possibly  some  animal 
poison.  It  is  of  variable  composition,  depending  somewhat  upon  the 
locality  where  it  is  prepared  or  obtained,  whether  from  French  or 
British  Guiana,  the  Rio  Negro,  upper  Amazon  or  Orinoco.  The 
manner  of  its  preparation  has  been  witnessed  and  described  by  various 
travelers.  It  was  at  first  obtained  in  Europe  in  the  form  of  a  thick 
syrup,  but  now  is  generally  made  as  a  blackish,  brittle,  resinous  extract 
in  little  gourds  or  clay  jars,  into  which  it  had  been  poured  as  a  liquid. 
It  is  hygroscopic  and  sparingly  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  to  both 
of  which,  however,  it  yields  its  poisonous  properties.  Maximum  dose 
TV  grain. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1857  by  proving 
by  Dr.  Schlosser,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  55,  137.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  IV.  37.] 

Part  Used. — The  extract. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  24$ 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  ^fa. 

Curare,  ioo  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;    3x  and    higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

d.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

CYCLAMEN  EUROPIUM.  Sowbread. 

Natural  Order. —  Primulaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Artanita  cyclamen,  Cyclamen  hederaefolium, 
C.  neopolitanum,  C.  officinalis,  C.  orbiculare,  C.  vernum ;  English, 
Sowbread  ;  French,  Pain  de  pourceau ;  German,  Schweinsbrod. 

Description. — A  perennial  plant,  with  a  large,  depressed,  globular 
root,  brown  externally,  white  internally,  with  numerous  rootlets.  The 
stem,  3  inches  high,  is  erect,  with  radical  leaves  on  long  petioles, 
orbicular  and  cordate,  crenate,  or  dentate,  dark-green  above,  purple 
beneath.  The  sweet-scented,  purple  flowers  are  single,  drooping,  on 
long  pedicels,  and  appear  in  August. 

Habitat. —  Southern  parts  of  Europe ;  growing  in  valleys,  shady 
places  and  rocky  woods.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  238;  Winkler,  28;  Jahr 
and  Cat.  202. 

History. —  Name  from  cycles,  a  circle,  the  shape  of  the  root.  It 
was  extensively  used  by  the  old  school,  but  is  now  discarded.  Proving 
by  Hahnemann  in  1826,  R.  A.  M.  L.  2d  ed.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  IV.  46.] 

Part  Used —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Cyclamen,  moist  magma  containing  solids  ioo  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


246  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

CYPRIPEDIUM  PUBESCENS.  Lady's  Slipper. 

Natural  Order. —  Orchidaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cypripedium  luteum;  English,  American 
valerian,  Bleeding  heart,  Indian  shoe,  Lady's  slipper,  Large  yellow 
lady's  slipper,  Moccasin  root,  Nerve  root,  Nervine,  Noah's  ark,  Umbit 
root,  Water  nerve  root,  Yellow  lady's  slipper;  French,  Valeriane 
ame'ricaine ;  German,  Gelbfrauenschuh-Wurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  horizontal  plant,  with  the  root  scarred 
with  old  leaves  above,  with  many  fibrous  rootlets  below.  The  stem  is 
pubescent,  i  to  2  feet  high,  erect  and  leafy.  The  leaves  are  alternate, 
pubescent,  large,  ovate,  lanceolate,  sheathing  at  base,  4  to  5  inches 
long  and  2  to  3  inches  broad.  The  flowers  are  large,  yellow,  scentless, 
terminal,  solitary  or  in  pairs,  shaped  like  an  Indian  moccasin,  hence, 
one  of  the  common  names  ;  they  appear  in  May  and  June. 

Habitat. —  Bogs  and  damp  low  woods;  common  northward,  west- 
ward and  southward  along  the  Alleghanies.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  170. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  kypris,  venus,  and  pod  ion,  a  sock, 
or  buskin ;  used  in  old-school  pharmacy,  and  introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  by  Dr.  Hale,  1864,  New  Remedies. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Cypripedium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;    3x   and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  247 

DAPHNE  INDICA.  Sweet-Scented  Spurge  Laurel 

Natural  Order. —  Thymelaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Daphne  cannabina,  D.  lagetto,  D.  odora; 
English,  Sweet-scented  spurge  laurel;  French,  Laur^ole  de  Chine; 
German,  Lorbeerblatteriger  Spitzenbast. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  evergreen  shrub,  2  to  3  feet  high, 
with  a  straight  stem,  branching  at  the  top.  The  leaves  on  the  upper 
part  of  the  branches  are  alternate,  lanceolate,  smooth,  shining,  \y2  to 
2  inches  long,  i  inch  broad.  The  flowers  are  white,  fragrant,  almost 
sessile,  10  to  15  in  terminal  bunches,  and  appear  from  March  to 
December. 

Habitat. — West  Indies  and  China. 

History. —  The  Greek  name  for  laurel,  said  to  be  from  daio,  to  burn, 
and  phone,  a  sound,  as  it  crackled  when  burning.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Bute  in  1837,  Correspondenzblatt,  15, 
June  22,  1837.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  66.] 

Part  Used. —  The  bark  of  the  branches. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> ;  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Daphne  indica,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

DATURA  ARBOREA.  Tree  Stramonium. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Brugmansia  Candida,  B.  gardneri;  English, 
Tree  stramonium. 

Description, — An  ornamental,  evergreen  tree,  10  feet  high,  with 
pubescent  stalks  and  branches,  and  oblong,  entire,  powdery  leaves. 
The  flowers  appear  from  July  to  October,  are  long,  axillary,  pendu- 
lous, white  within,  pale-yellow  outside,  very  fragrant,  one  tree  per- 
fuming the  air  of  a  large  garden. 


248  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  It  is  indigenous  to  Peru,  and  is  also  found  in  California 
and  the  southern  borders  of  the  United  States  cultivated  in  gardens 
and  conservatories. 

History. —  Name  from  the  Arabic,  tatorah.  Introduced  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  in  1872  by  Dr.  Poulson,  Medical  Investigator,  IX.  261. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  68.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  flowers. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $ :  Drug  strength  -^. 
Datura,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


DICTAMNUS  ALBUS.  White  Fraxinella. 

Natural  Order. —  Rutaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Dictamnus  fraxinella ;  English,  Bastard  dittany, 
White  fraxinella. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  an  almost  woody 
base,  a  long,  branching,  succulent  root,  about  the  thickness  of  a  finger. 
The  stem  is  erect,  about  3  feet  high,  slightly  angular,  with  green 
streaks,  red,  resinous  glands  and  terminates  in  a  spike.  The  leaves 
are  alternate,  shining,  pinnatifid,  ovate,  with  9  to  13  ovate-serrate 
leaflets.  The  large  white  flowers  appear  in  May  and  June  in  terminal 
racemes.  The  whole  plant,  when  gently  rubbed,  emits  an  odor  like 
that  of  lemon  peel,  but  when  bruised,  it  has  something  of  a  balsamic 
scent.  It  abounds  in  a  volatile  oil,  so  that  the  atmosphere  surrounding 
it  becomes  inflammable  in  hot  weather. 

Habitat. —  Germany,  Italy,  France  and  Russia  in  mountainous 
woods  and  stony  hills.  Fig.,  Winkler,  59 ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  203 ;  Goul- 
lon,  53. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  249 

History. — The  name  fraxinella,  from  the  resemblance  of  its  leaves 
to  those  of  the  ash,  fraxinus.  The  aromatic,  bitter  bark  of  the  root 
was  formerly  used  in  medicine.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature 
by  Noack  and  Trinks,  Handbuch  der  horn.  Arzneimittellehre,  1843,  I. 
675.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  75.] 

Part  Used — The  bark  of  the  root  and  rootlets. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Dictamnus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


DIGITALIS  PURPUREA.  Fox  Glove. 

Natural  Order. —  Scrophulariaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Campanula  sylvestris,  Digitalis  speciosa,  D. 
tomentosa ;  English,  Fairy  fingers,  Fairy's  gloves,  Fox  glove,  Purple 
fox  glove,  Purple  glove ;  French,  Gant  de  Ndtre  Dame ;  German,  Finger- 
hut,  Schwulstkraut. 

Description. —  A  biennial,  deciduous  plant,  with  root  of  numerous, 
long  and  slender  fibers.  The  stem  is  solitary  or  several,  straight, 
wand-like,  leafy,  roundish,  with  slight  angles,  pubescent,  reddish  in 
color,  3  to  7  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  ovate,  or  oblong- 
crenate,  rough,  pubescent,  dull-green  above,  whitish  underneath ;  the 
radical  leaves,  the  largest,  often  i  foot  long.  The  numerous  flowers, 
sometimes  60,  appearing  from  June  to  August,  in  a  terminal,  erect, 
simple,  unilateral  raceme,  are  pendulous,  nearly  bell-shaped,  I  inch 
long,  purple,  sometimes  white,  marked  inside  with  blood-colored  spots 
and  hairs. 


25O    -  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  Southern  and  Central  Europe,  England,  Norway,  Madeira 
and  the  Azores ;  found  in  sandy  soil,  pastures  and  by  roadsides.  Fig., 
Flora  Horn.  I.  242;  Winkler,  61 ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  204;  Goullon,  179; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  195. 

History. — The  name  derived  from  digitale,  the  finger  of  a  glove. 
It  has  long  been  used  as  a  medicine;  the  date  of  its  introduction  being 
uncertain,  probably  the  sixteenth  century.  Mentioned  by  Hahne- 
mann,  1805,  Frag,  de  Vir.  Med.  Positiv.  123.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  IV.  92;  X.  505,  655.] 

Part  Used. —  The  leaves  of  the  second  year's  growth,  gathered 
before  flowering. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  (f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Digitalis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  468  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


DIOSCOREA  VILLOSA.  Wild  Yam. 

Natural  Order. —  Dioscoreaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Dioscorea  quinata,  D.  paniculata,  Ubium 
quinatum  ;  English,  China  root,  Colic  root,  Devil's  bones,  Hairy  yam, 
Rheumatism  root,  Wild  yam. 

Description. —  A  slender,  herbaceous,  deciduous,  perennial  vine, 
growing  from  knotty  and  matted  root-stalks.  The  root  is  horizontal, 
long,  branched,  crooked,  woody,  light-brown  externally,  white  inter- 
nally, wrinkled  longitudinally,  with  many  long,  tough  fibers,  inodorous, 
with  a  pleasantly  bitter  mucilaginous  taste.  The  stem  is  round  and 
twining,  5  to  15  feet  long,  generally  smooth,  never  villous.  The 
radical  leaves  are  sometimes  in  fours,  the  middle  nearly  opposite,  the 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  2$  I 

upper  alternate,  petioled,  more  or  less  pubescent  underneath,  cordate, 
acute.  The  small,  pale,  green-yellow  flowers  appear  in  July,  the  sterile 
in  drooping  panicles,  the  fertile  in  drooping  racemes. 

Habitat. —  Thickets  and  moist  localities  in  the  United  States,  New 
England  to  Wisconsin,  southward.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  174. 

History. —  Named  after  Dioscorides.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic 
literature  by  Dr.  Nichols  in  1866,  Am.  Horn.  Observer,  III.  357. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  123  ;  X.  506,  511.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root;  gathered  before  flowering,  or  when 
the  stem  dies  down  in  the  autumn. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Dioscorea,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,    with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


DIRCA  PALUSTRIS.  Wicopy. 

Natural  Order. — Thymelaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Leather  wood,  Moose  wood,  Rope  bark, 
Thong  bark,  Swamp  wood,  Wicopy. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  shrub,  with  erect  stem,  3  to  6  feet  high, 
much  branched,  jointed  branchlets,  with  smooth,  yellow-brown,  fibrous 
and  remarkably  tough  bark.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  entire,  oval, 
obovate,  smooth,  with  short  petioles,  the  bases  of  which  conceal  the 
buds  of  the  following  season.  The  light-yellow  flowers  appear  from 
March  to  May,  preceding  the  leaves,  three  in  a  cluster,  from  a  bud  of 
three  dark,  hairy  scales,  forming  an  involucre,  from  which  soon  pro- 
ceeds a  leafy  branch. 


252  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  Damp,  rich  woods,  sometimes  in  swamps,  of  New 
England,  Pennsylvania,  Kentucky  and  especially  northward. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Greek,  dirka,  a  fountain,  in 
reference  to  its  habitation.  On  account  of  its  toughness  the  twigs 
are  used  for  rods  and  the  bark  for  ropes.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  in  1874  by  Dr.  Spooner,  N.  Y.  Journal  of  Horn.  II. 
424.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  165.] 

Part  Used.—  The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£.-  Drug  strength  T^. 

Dirca,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  150  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

DOLICHOS  PRURIENS.  Cowhage. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Carpopogon  pruriens,  Mucana  pruriens,  M. 
prurita,  Stitzolobium  pruriens ;  English,  Cowitch,  Kiwach ;  French, 
Pois  velus  ;  German,  Kratzbohnen. 

Description. —  A  large,  evergreen,  herbaceous  vine,  with  branching 
stem  extending  12  feet,  scabrous  at  first,  afterward  glabrous.  The 
leaves  are  alternate,  pinnately  trifoliate,  on  long,  scabrous  petioles,  a 
foot  apart  on  the  stem,  with  entire,  ovate,  acute  leaflets,  glabrous 
above,  scabrous  beneath.  The  dark-purple  flowers  appear  in  threes, 
on  short  peduncles,  in  axillary,  pendulous  racemes.  The  pod  is  3 
inches  long,  ^  inch  broad,  densely  covered  with  short,  sharp,  quad- 
rangular, prismatic,  reddish  hairs,  which  contain  a  brown  granular 
matter,  partially  filling  the  space  within  them.  When  these  hairs 
penetrate  the  skin  they  cause  an  unbearable  itching,  which  is  much 
increased  by  washing  and  rubbing. 

Habitat. —  West  Indies  and  other  parts  of  tropical  America.  Fig., 
Bent,  and  Trim.  78. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  253 

History. —  Dolichos  is  the  name  of  an  edible  plant,  described  by 
Dioscorides ;  mucana  is  the  Brazilian  name  of  a  species  mentioned  in 
the  seventeenth  century ;  pruriens,  itching,  caused  by  the  hairs.  The 
hairs  were  officinal  and  used  as  a  mechanical  anthelmintic.  Mentioned 
in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1851  by  Dr.  Jeanes,  N.  A.  Journal  of 
Horn.  I.  209.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  167.] 

Part  Used. —  The  setae,  which  cover  the  pods;  they  consist  of 
short,  strong,  reddish  hairs. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ .-  Drug  strength  -^ 

Dolichos,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 


DROSERA  ROTUNDIFOLIA.  Sun-Dew. 

Natural  Order. —  Droseraceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Drosera  capillaris,  Rorella  rotundifolia,  Ros- 
solis;  English,  Moor-grass,  Red-rot,  Round-leaved  sun-dew,  Sun-dew, 
Youth-wort ;  French,  Rose"e  du  soleil ;  German,  Sonnenthau. 

Description. —  A  low,  perennial,  almost  stemless,  aquatic  herb,  with 
thin,  short,  fibrous  root.  The  leaves  are  radicle,  clustered,  orbicular, 
circinate,  abruptly  narrowed  into  the  spreading,  hairy  petioles,  pale- 
green  on  the  lower  surface,  covered  on  the  upper  with  long,  red,  viscid 
hairs,  each  bearing  a  small  gland  at  the  top,  which  exposed  to  the  sun 
exudes  a  clear,  shining  juice,  whence  the  name.  These  hairs  are 
irritable,  so  that  when  an  insect  lights  upon  the  leaf  it  bends  down 
and  holds  it  prisoner.  The  flowers,  opening  only  in  sunshine,  appear 
in  July  and  August,  on  a  naked  scape  2  to  6  inches  high,  in  a  one-sided 
raceme  which  nods  at  the  top,  so  that  the  opening  flower  appears 
terminal. 


254  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  Northern  and  Central  Europe,  United  States  from 
Florida  northward;  found  in  sandy  swamps.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I. 
256 ;  Winkler,  62 ;  Millspaugh,  29. 

History. —  Name  from  the  Greek,  droseros,  dewy.  It  was  used  in 
medicine  in  the  sixteenth  century,  but  fell  into  disuse  until  introduced 
into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Hahnemann  in  1805,  Frag,  de  Vir. 
Med.  Pos.  128.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  170.] 

Parts  Used —  The  entire  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $ :  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Drosera,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

DUBOISIA  MYOPOROIDES.  Dubosia. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Description. —  A  tall  shrub,  or  small  tree,  with  a  firm,  close-grained 
wood,  soft  and  white.  The  odorless,  bitter  tasting  leaves  are  alternate, 
short-stalked  and  rather  smooth,  2  to  4  inches  long,  yz  to  I  inch  broad 
near  the  middle,  lanceolate  and  narrowed  at  the  apex  and  base ;  a 
slight  ridge  on  the  upper  side  marks  the  prominent  midrib.  The 
small,  white,  or  pale-lilac  flowers  are  arranged  in  terminal  centrifugal 
panicles  and  have  four  didynamous  stamens  with  reniform  anthers. 
The  fruit,  an  indehiscent  black  berry,  is  small  and  nearly  globular ; 
it  contains  a  few  curved  seeds,  with  a  crustaceous,  tubercular,  rugose 
testa.  '  Duboisia  contains  an  alkaloid  duboisin,  which  is  supposed  to 
be  identical  with  hyoscyamin.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
X.  507- 

Habitat. —  Australia. 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  leaves. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  255 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ ;  Drug  strength  ^. 

Duboisia,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations  :   ix  and  higher. 


DULCAMARA.  Bittersweet. 

Natural  Order. — Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Amara  dulcis,  Caules  dulcamara,  Dulcamara 
flexuosa,  Dulcis  amara,  Solanum  dulcamara,  S.  lignosum,  S.  scandens, 
Vitis  sylvestris ;  English,  Bittersweet,  Bittersweet  nightshade,  Fellon 
wood,  Garden  nightshade,  Nightshade,  Scarlet  berry,  Violet  bloom, 
Woody  nightshade;  French,  Douce-amere;  German,  Bittersiiss. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  climbing  shrub,  with  a  woody,  irregu- 
larly branched,  creeping,  yellowish-green  root,  smelling  like  a  potato. 
The  stem,  from  8  to  10  feet  high  when  supported,  woody  at  the  base, 
pubescent  above,  is  alternately  branched,  with  lower  branches  dark, 
greenish-yellow;  the  younger,  purplish.  The  leaves  are  alternate, 
petiolate  and  entire ;  the  lower  ones  cordate,  the  upper,  hastate,  or 
with  two  ear-like  lobes  at  base,  pubescent  beneath.  The  purple 
flowers  appear  from  May  to  September  in  small,  lateral,  extra  axillary, 
drooping  cymes.  The  berries  are  scarlet,  oval  and  poisonous. 

Habitat. —  Widely  distributed  in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa  and  North 
America ;  found  in  mossy  banks  and  disused  ground  around  dwellings, 
fences  and  hedges.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  261  ;  Winkler,  136;  Jahr  and 
Cat.  205;  Goullon,  186;  Bent,  and  Trim.  190;  Millspaugh,  124. 

History. —  From  dulcis,  sweet,  and  amara,  bitter,  as  when  chewed, 
the  plant  is  at  first  bitter,  then  sweet.  It  was  used  as  a  medicine  as 
early  as  the  thirteenth  century.  Introduced  in  homoeopathic  practice 
by  Hahnemann  in  1811,  R.  A.  M.  L.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV. 
178;  X.  511.] 


256  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  plant  before  flowering;   plants  growing 
where  the  rootlets  run  into  the  water  are  preferable. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Dulcamara,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  350  Cc.  =  450 

Strong  alcohol,  685  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


ELAPS  CORALLESJUS.  Coral  Snake. 

Order. —  Ophidia. 

Family. —  Elapidae. 

Synonym. —  English,  Coral  viper. 

Description. — The  head  of  this  snake  is  small,  round  and  depressed, 
with  a  short,  broad  muzzle,  and  is  not  separated  from  the  body  by  a 
distinct  neck.  Its  jaws  are  supplied  with  sharp  teeth,  and  the  fangs 
stand  alone  in  the  upper  jaw.  The  body  is  covered  with  smooth 
scales,  colored  to  form  bands  of  the  brightest  black  and  red ;  these 
rings  are  equi-distant.  About  200  transverse  shields  cover  the  belly. 
The  muzzle  and  forehead  are  black,  as  also  the  first  ring  of  the  neck. 
The  length  of  the  snake  is  about  2^  feet ;  very  poisonous.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  190. 

Habitat.— Brazil. 

Part  Used. — The  venom;  procured  by  compressing  the  gland 
while  the  serpent  is  either  pinioned  in  a  frame,  or  under  the  influence 
of  chloroform. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution :  2x,  T^  in  glycerin. 

b.  Dilutions:  3x  and  higher,  with  glycerin. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


ELATERIUJVL  Squirting  Cucumber. 

Natural  Order  —  Cucurbitaceae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Cucumis  agrestis,  C.  asininus,  Ecbalium 
agreste,  E.  elaterium,  E.  officinarum,  Elaterium  cordifolium,  Momor- 
dica  elaterium  ;  English,  Squirting  cucumber,  Wild  cucumber  ;  French, 
Concombre  sauvage  ;  German,  Springgurke. 

Description.  —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  several  trailing 
thick  stems,  I  to  4  feet  long,  and  with  alternate,  cordate  leaves.  The 
flowers  are  dioecious,  the  male  flowers  several  together,  female  gener- 
ally solitary,  appearing  in  June  and  July.  The  fruit  is  an  elliptical 
gourd,  \y2  inch  long,  I  inch  thick,  yellow  when  ripe,  prickly,  filled 
with  a  watery,  nearly  colorless,  transparent  juice,  in  which  the  seeds 
are  immersed,  and  when  ripe,  separating  from  the  stalk  suddenly  and 
violently  expelling  the  juice  and  seeds.  From  the  juice  around  the 
seeds  of  the  nearly  ripe  fruit  the  elaterium  is  deposited,  which  Dr. 
Clutterbuck  (by  whose  name  the  best  is  known)  found  contained  the 
active  substance.  This  is  in  irregular,  thin  fragments,  light,  friable 
and  opaque,  bright  pale-green,  becoming  grayish  with  age.  It  has  a 
fine  granular  fracture,  an  acrid,  bitter  taste  and  a  faint  odor  of  tea. 

Habitat.  —  A  common  weed  in  the  south  of  Europe  and  Mediter- 
ranean countries,  extending  as  far  east  as  Persia  ;  cultivated  in  Eng- 
land. Fig.,  Goullon,  112;  Bent,  and  Trim.  115. 

History.  —  Name  from  ekballo,  to  throw  out  ;  elaterion,  purging. 
It  was  known  in  the  time  of  Dioscorides.  The  experiments  of  Clutter- 
buck  were  in  1819.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1846  by 
Dr.  C.  B.  Matthews,  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  p.  124.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  IV.  200.] 

Part  Used.  —  A  sediment  from  the  juice  of  the  fruit,  obtained  as 
follows:  "Cut  the  fruit  lengthwise  and  lightly  press  out  the  juice; 
strain  it  through  a  hair  sieve  and  set  aside  to  deposit  ;  carefully  pour 
off  the  supernatant  liquid  ;  pour  the  sediment  on  a  linen  filter  and  dry 
it  on  porous  tiles  in  a  warm  place.  The  decanted  fluid  may  deposit 
a  second  portion  of  sediment,  which  can  be  dried  in  the  same  way.— 
B.  H.  P."  Maximum  dose  ^  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations  :  ix  and  higher. 


258  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

EPIG^A  REPENS.  Trailing  Arbutus. 

Natural  Order. —  Ericaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Gravel  laurel,  Gravel  plant,  Gravel  weed, 
Ground  laurel,  May  flower,  Mountain  pink,  Trailing  arbutus,  Winter 
pink. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  undershrub,  with  a  red  and  brown 
fibrous  root  having  many  tangled  rootlets.  The  stem  is  6  to  18  inches 
long,  woody,  rounded  and  hairy,  with  a  brown  bark.  The  leaves  are 
alternate,  entire,  cordate,  ovate,  petiolate,  2  inches  long.  The  flowers 
are  white,  pink,  or  rose-colored,  appearing  early  in  the  spring  in  small 
axillary  clusters  from  scaly  bracts,  and  are  very  fragrant. 

Habitat. —  Common  from  Newfoundland  to  Saskatchawan  and 
southward  to  Florida,  in  sandy  woods,  or  rocky  hillsides,  especially 
in  the  shade  of  pines  and  on  rich,  damp,  mossy  banks.  Fig.,  Mills- 
paugh,  101. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  epi,  upon,  and  gaia,  the  earth. 
Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1873  by  Dr.  Hale,  New 
Rem.  3d  ed.  216. 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Epigaea,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dihitions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

EPIPHEGUS  VIRGINIANA.  Beechdrop. 

Natural  Order. —  Orobanchaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Epiphegus  americanus,  Orobanche  virginiana; 
English,  Beechdrop,  Broom  rape,  Cancer-root,  Squaw-root;  French, 
Orobanche  de  Virginie ;  German,  Krebswurz. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  259 

Description. —  A  low,  perennial,  parasitic  herb,  having  a  globular, 
scaly,  tuberous  root,  and  a  slender,  branching,  angular,  purplish  or 
yellowish-brown  stem,  6  to  18  inches  long,  covered  with  scattered 
scales.  The  flowers,  whitish  and  purple,  are  scattered  on  racemes,  or 
spikes,  and  appear  from  August  to  October.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
bitter,  nauseous,  somewhat  astringent  taste. 

Habitat. —  North  America,  New  Brunswick  to  Florida,  westward 
to  Missouri ;  growing  on  the  roots  of  beech  trees. 

History. —  Name  from  epi,  upon,  phegos,  the  beech. 
Parts  Used. —  The  whole  plant;  collected  in  autumn. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 
Epiphegus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  jx  and  higher. 


EQUISETUM  HYEMALE.  Scouring  Rush. 

Natural  Order. —  Equisetaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Dutch  rush,  Horse  tail,  Polishing  rush, 
Scouring  rush,  Shave  grass ;  French,  Prele ;  German,  Schachtelhalm. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  herb,  leafless,  with  creeping  rhizomes, 
and  a  tall,  stout,  rush-like,  hollow  and  jointed  stem,  \yz  to  4  feet  high, 
rarely  branched,  evenly  and  many  grooved,  with  the  cuticle  abounding 
in  silex.  It  is  flowerless,  and  at  each  joint  of  the  stem  a  black  line  of 
teeth  appears. 

Habitat. —  It  is  found  in  fields  and  wet  places,  almost  universally. 
Fig.,  Millspaugh,  179. 


26O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Name  from  equus,  horse,  and  seta,  bristle.  Long  used 
in  old-school  practice.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1873 
by  Dr.  Hale,  New  Rem.  3d  ed.  Proving  of  Dr.  Smith,  1876.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  204;  X.  512.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  y^. 
Equisetum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  1 50  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ERECHTHITES  HffiRACIFOLIA.  Fire  Weed. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Senecio  hieracifolius ;  English,  Fire  weed,  Fire 
wood. 

Description. —  A  coarse  annual  herb,  having  a  grooved,  hairy,  erect 
stem,  i  to  7  feet  high,  with  alternate,  simple  leaves,  the  upper  ones 
with  clasping  base,  lanceolate,  acute,  dentate,  and  of  a  light-green 
color.  The  numerous,  whitish,  terminal  flowers  appearing  from  July 
to  September  are  panicled,  the  corymbed  heads  many  flowered.  The 
whole  plant  has  a  rank  odor. 

Habitat. —  North  America  from  Newfoundland  southward ;  found 
in  moist  woods,  common  in  recent  clearings,  where  the  ground  has 
been  burned  over,  hence  its  popular  name.  Fig-,  Millspaugh,  90. 

History. —  Name  signifying  to  trouble.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic 
literature  in  1853  by  Dr.  Birnstill,  Quart.  Horn.  Journ.  n.  s.  I.  92. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  210.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  26 1 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Erechthites,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  Jive  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,    with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ERIGERON  CANADENSE.  Canada  Fleabane. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Erigeron  paniculatus,  E.  pusillus,  E.  strictum, 
Senecio  ciliatus;  English,  Blood  stanch,  Butter  horse  weed,  Butter 
weed,  Canada  fleabane,  Colt's  tail,  Fleabane,  Horse  weed,  Mare's  tail, 
Pride  weed,  Scabious ;  French,  Herbe  d'  erigeron  ;  German,  Berufkraut. 

Description. —  An  annual  shrub,  with  erect,  wand-like,  bristly  stem, 
i  to  5  feet  high,  with  numerous  ascending  branches,  mostly  in  the 
upper  part.  The  radical  leaves  are  sessile,  obovate,  with  few  deep 
large  teeth,  soon  withering ;  the  stem  leaves  are  numerous,  alternate, 
lanceolate,  generally  entire,  glabrous  above,  hairy  beneath.  The 
flowers  appear  from  June  to  October,  are  in  numerous,  cylindrical, 
panicled  heads,  ^  inch  long,  arranged  in  terminal  racemes ;  the  disk 
flowers  are  yellow,  with  a  hairy  pappus  ;  the  ray,  white  or  purple,  very 
narrow  and  in  several  rows. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  America;  widely  distributed  throughout  the 
temperate  regions.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  149;  Millspaugh,  80. 

History. —  The  name  derived  from  er,  spring,  and  geron,  an  old 
man,  suggested  by  its  hoary  appearance  in  the  spring.  Mentioned  in 
homoeopathic  literature  in  1856  by  Dr.  H.  Ring,  N.  A.  Journ.  of  Horn. 
V.  282.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  211.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 


262  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Erigeron,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3\  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  an  1  higher. 


ERIODICTYON  GLUTINOSUM.  Yerba  Santa. 

Natural  Order. —  Hydrophyllaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Eriodictyon  calif ornicum,  Wigandia  californica; 
English,  Bear's  weed,  Consumptive's  weed,  Mountain  balm,  Yerba 
santa. 

Description. — An  evergreen  shrub,  with  a  stem  3  to  5  feet  high, 
having  alternate,  petiolate,  lanceolate  leaves,  more  or  less  serrate, 
glabrous  above,  whitish  beneath,  with  a  minute  and  close  tomentum, 
2  to  3  inches  long,  ^  to  ^  inch  broad,  glutinous,  with  a  balsamic 
resin.  The  flowers  are  showy,  purplish-blue,  funnel-formed,  ^  inch 
long,  in  axillary  and  terminal  racemose  clusters. 

Habitat. —  Central  California  to  Northern  Mexico;  found  among 
rocks  and  on  dry  mountains. 

History. —  Proving  by  Dr.  Pease.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV. 
218;  X.  513.] 

Part  Used. —  The  leaves,  recently  dried. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <£  /  Drug  strength  Y1^. 

Eriodictyon,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  265 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

ERYNGIUM  AQUATICUM.  Button  Snake-Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Eryngium  petiolatum,  E.  praelatum,  E.  virgin- 
ianum,  E.  yuccaefolium ;  English,  Button  snake-root,  Corn  snake-root, 
Rattlesnake  master,  Water  eryngo,  Water  snake-root. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  evergreen  shrub,  having  a  rhizome 
^  to  y2  inch  long,  with  numerous  short  branches  terminating  with  a 
more  or  less  deeply  cut-shaped  scar.  The  stem  is  simple,  from  I  to  5 
feet  high,  with  grass-like,  dentate  leaves  from  6  inches  to  2  feet  long, 
taper-pointed,  prickly,  coriaceous.  The  white  flowers  are  inconspicu- 
ous, appearing  in  July  and  August,  in  terminal,  compound  umbels, 
larger  than  the  leaflets  of  the  involucre. 

Habitat. —  New  Jersey  to  Wisconsin  and  southward;  found  in  dry 
or  damp  pine  barrens,  or  on  the  prairies,  never  aquatic.  Fig.,  Mills- 
paugh,  62. 

History. —  From  erygein,  to  belch;  according  to  Dioscorides,  a 
specific  for  flatulence.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1855 
by  Dr.  Parks,  Hill  and  Hunt's  Surgery,  p.  400.  Proving  by  Dr.  Mc- 
Clelland, 1865,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  II.  180.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
IV.  213.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Eryngium  aquaticum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


264  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

ERYNGIUM  MARITINUM.  Sea  Holly. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 
Synonyms.- — English,  Eringo,  Sea  holly. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  herb,  with  an  extensive,  creeping, 
cylindrical,  fleshy  root.  The  stem,  \yz  feet  high,  is  glaucous,  with 
radical,  short,  roundish,  spiny  leaves.  The  blue  flowers  appear  from 
July  to  October,  stalked  in  thistle-like  heads. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain;  found  on  sandy  sea  shores. 

History. —  The  root  was  used  as  an  aphrodisiac,  being  known  in 
Shakspeare's  time  as  the  kissing  comfits  of  Falstaff.  A  proving  by 
Ivatts  was  published  in  November,  1873,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  X.  564. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  21.7.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  plant,  with  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Eryngium  maritinum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  lOoGm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


ERYTHROPHLEUM  JUDICIALE.  Sassy  Bark. 

Natural  Order —  Leguminoseae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Afzelia  grandis,  Erythrophlaeum  guineense, 
Fillaea  suavoliens;  English,  Mancona  bark,  Ordeal  bark  tree,  O.  doom- 
bark,  Sassy  bark;  French,  Ecorce  de  man96ne;  German,  Mancona- 
Rinde. 

Description. —  A  large  tree,  attaining  the  height  of  100  feet,  with 
spreading  branches,  bi-pinnate,  coriacious  leaves,  and  flowers  in  com- 
pound terminal  racemes.  The  bark,  ^  inch  thick,  comes  in  flat  or 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHV.  265 

curved  various-sized  pieces,  hard,  brittle  and  fibrous,  with  a  warty, 
fissured,  corky,  reddish-brown  layer  externally,  and  a  yellowish-brown, 
spotted  internally.  It  is  odorless,  and  of  a  bitter,  astringent  taste. 

Habitat. —  Central  and  Western  Africa. 

History. —  Name  from  erythros,  red,  the  color  of  the  juice.  Used 
by  the  natives  as  an  arrow  poison.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X. 
5I5-] 

Part  Used — The  dried  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Erythrophlaeum,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Ttiturations :  ix  and  higher. 


ERYTHROXYLON  COCA.  Coca. 

Natural  Order. —  Erythroxylaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Coca  leaves;  French,  Feuilles  de  coca; 
German,  Cocablatter. 

Description. —  A  bushy,  perennial  shrub.  The  stem,  4  to  6  feet 
high,  is  much  branched  :  bark  of  stem  wrinkled,  of  young  twigs  smooth. 
The  leaves  are  alternate,  entire,  lanceolate  or  obovate,  narrowing  into 
short  petioles,  emarginate,  I  to  2  inches  long,  I  to  \y2  inches  broad, 
thin,  smooth,  bright-green  above,  purplish  or  glaucous  beneath.  The 
midrib  is  prominent,  with  a  characteristic  curved  line  on  each  side, 
running  from  the  base  to  the  apex.  The  yellowish  flowers  are  in 
axillary  clusters,  on  slender,  drooping,  glabrous  stalks. 


266  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  South  America ;  cultivated  in  Peru,  Bolivia,  Brazil  and 
Colombia;  found  in  damp,  warm  valleys  and  on  mountain  slopes  at  an 
elevation  of  from  2,000  to  6,000  feet.  Fig.,  Goullon,  44;  Bent,  and 
Trim.  40. 

History. —  Name  from  erythros,  red,  and  xylon,  wood.  The  plant 
begins  to  yield  in  18  months  and  continues  productive  for  50  years. 
Proving  by  Dr.  Mueller,  1856,  Horn.  v.  j.  Schrift  VII.  443  ;  B.  J.  Horn. 
XV.  529.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  III.  369;  X.  470.] 

Part  Used. —  The  leaves,  recently  dried  and  carefully  selected. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Erythroxylon  coca,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:   ix  and  higher. 

ESERINUM.  Eserin. 

Chemical  Symbol .—  C 1 5  H  2  x  N  3  O  2 . 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Physostigmin  ;  English,  Eserine. 

Description. —  An  alkaloid  from  the  unpeeled  seeds  of  physostigma 
venenosa  —  Calabar  bean.  It  is  in  the  form  of  colorless,  rhomboidal, 
tabular  crystals,  hygroscopic,  readily  changing  to  a  resin-like  mass, 
bitter  tasting,  melting  at  194°  Fahr.,  readily  soluble  in  ether,  alcohol 
and  chloroform,  sparingly  in  water,  also  soluble  in  acids,  neutralizing 
them  and  forming  soluble  salts.  An  active  poison.  Maximum  dose 
•fa  grain. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  by  Dr.  McGuire, 
1878,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  XV.  195.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  516.] 

Part  Used.— The  alkaloid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  2x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  267 

EUCALYPTUS  GLOBULUS.  Fever  Tree. 

Natural  Order. —  Myrtaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Eucalyptus  globosus;  English,  Australian 
fever  or  gum  tree,  Blue  gum  tree. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  evergreen  tree,  one  of  about  one 
hundred  and  thirty-five  described  species,  growing  to  a  height  of  50 
feet  in  five  or  six  years,  acquiring  the  height  of  100  to  300  feet,  and 
having  a  smooth,  pale-gray  bark.  The  leaves,  i  foot  long,  are  oppo- 
site in  young  plants,  becoming  alternate  as  they  get  older,  entire, 
lanceolate,  thick  and  leathery,  varying  according  to  age,  from  a  glau- 
cous-white to  bluish-green  color.  The  flowers  are  large  and  white, 
appearing  from  May  to  July — later  in  Australia, —  pedunculate,  axil- 
lary, single  and  clustered. 

Habitat. —  Australia,  Tasmania;  cultivated  in  Europe  and  on  the 
Pacific  coast  of  America;  found  on  valley  sides  and  moist  slopes  of 
woody  hills.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  109. 

History. —  Name  from  eu,  well,  and  kalypto,  to  cover  with  a  lid. 
Introduced  in  Europe  in  1856.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature 
in  1869  by  Dr.  Roder,  All'g.  Horn.  Zeit.  78,  46.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  IV.  228.] 

Part  Used.— The  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Eucalyptus,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  914  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

EUGENIA  JAMBOS.  Rose  Apple. 

Natural  Order. —  Myrtaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Eugenia  vulgaris,  Myrtus  jambos;  English, 
Malabar  plum  tree,  Narrow-leaved  eugenia,  Rose  apple. 


268  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  attaining  the  height  of  25  feet  or 
more.     The  leaves  are  alternate,  entire,  lanceolate.     The  flowers  are 
large,  greenish-yellow,  appearing  from  February  to  July  in  groups  of 
four,  on  terminal  peduncles.     The  tree  is  always  in  flower  or  fruit." 
The  fruit  is  edible,  the  root  and  skin  of  kernel  very  poisonous. 

Habitat. —  East  Indies  and  the  warm  countries  of  America. 

History. —  Named  in  honor  of  Prince  Eugene  of  Savoy,  a  patron 
of  botany;  jambosa,  a  Malay  name.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1832  by  Dr.  Hering,  Archiv.  XII.  I,  187.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  IV.  231.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincttire  <f>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Eugenia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  3.33 

Strong  alcohol,  797  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

EUONYMUS  ATROPURPUREUS.  Wahoo. 

Natural  Order. —  Celastraceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Euonymus  caroliniensis,  E.  latifolius,  E.  tristis ; 
English,  Bitter  ash,  Burning  bush,  Indian  arrow  wood,  Purple  spindle 
tree,  Spindle  bush,  Spindle  tree,  Strawberry  tree,  Wahoo. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  shrub  having  an  erect  stem,  6  to  14 
feet  high,  straight,  quadrangular  and  smooth,  with  branches  light-gray 
in  color,  the  small  ones  being  purplish;  the  ridged  bark  has  white, 
warty  spots.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  petiolate,  oblong,  acuminate, 
serrate,  pubescent  beneath,  2  to  5  inches  long.  The  flowers  are 
purple,  appearing  in  June  in  loose  cymes,  commonly  in  fours,  on 
axillary  peduncles. 

Habitat. —  Northern  part  of  the  United  States  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi ;  found  in  moist  open  woods  and  along  rivers.  Fig.,  Millspaugh, 
42. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  269 

History. —  Name  from  eo,  well,  and  onoma,  a  name.  Introduced 
into  homoeopathic  literature  in  1867  by  Dr.  Hale,  New  Remedies,  2d 
ed.  340. 

Part  Used —  The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Euonymus  atropurp.,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  797  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


EUONYMUS  EUROP^US.  Burning  Bush. 

Natural  Order. —  Celastraceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Burning  bush,  European  spindle  tree,  Spindle 
tree ;  French,  Bonnet  de  pretre ;  German,  Spindelbaum. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  shrub,  with  branching  stem,  1 5  to  20 
feet  high,  with  alternate,  simple,  oblong,  lanceolate,  short  petioled 
leaves,  smooth  and  small.  The  greenish  flowers,  appearing  from  May 
to  July,  are  in  threes  on  a  compressed  stalk.  The  fruit  is  a  red,  quad- 
rangular, hooded  capsule. 

Habitat. —  All  over  Europe  and  Great  Britain  ;  found  in  woods ; 
cultivated  in  gardens,  in  hedges.  Fig.,  Winkler,  68. 

History — [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  234;  X.  518.] 
Part  Used. — The  fruit,  as  it  begins  to  redden  in  August. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> ;  Drug  strength  TV 
Euonymus  europaeus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


2/O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

b.  Dilutions  :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  jive  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

EUPATORIUM  AROMATICUM.       White  Snake-Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositse. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Pool-root,  White  snake-root. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  nearly  simple, 
erect,  smooth  or  slightly  pubescent  stem,  4  feet  high.  The  leaves  are 
on  short  petioles,  three-nerved,  ovate,  acute,  bluntly  serrate,  glabrous 
and  thick.  The  white  flowers  appear  from  July  to  September  in  8  to 
30  flowered  corymbose  heads. 

Habitat. —  North  America;  found  in  copses  near  the  coast  from 
Massachusetts  to  Virginia  and  southward. 

History. —  Named  from  Eupator,  king  of  Pontus,  who  used  it  in 
medicine.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1864  by  Dr.  Hale, 
New  Remedies. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tinctiire  <f> :  Drug  strength  T^. 

Eupatorium  arom.,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

EUPATORIUM  PERFOLIATUM.  Boneset. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Eupatorium  connatum,  E.  salviaefolium,  E. 
virginicum;  English,  Ague  weed,  Boneset,  Crosswort,  Feverwort, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  271 

Indian  sage,  Joe-pye,  Sweating  plant,  Teasel,  Thorough  root,  Thorough 
wax,  Thorough  wort,  Vegetable  antimony ;  French,  Herbe  d'eupatoire 
perfoliee ;  German,  Durchwachsdost. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  horizontal  root. 
The  stem,  2  to  4  feet  high,  is  stout,  erect,  villous,  round  and  branching 
at  the  top.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  lanceolate,  prominently  ribbed, 
rugose,  united  at  the  base  around  the  stem  (connate-perfoliate), 
serrate,  shining-green  above,  pubescent  beneath,  5  to  8  inches  long, 
I  to  2  inches  wide  at  the  base.  The  purplish-white  flowers,  appearing 
from  August  to  October,  are  in  30  to  40  flowered  heads,  stalked,  rather 
small,  in  dense,  opposite  branched,  axillary  and  terminal  cymes. 

Habitat.  —  North  America  ;  found  in  low  grounds  from  Nova  Scotia 
and  Dakota  to  Florida  and  Louisiana.  Fig:,  Bent,  and  Trim.  147; 
Millspaugh,  79. 

History. —  One  of  the  most  extensively  used  plants  in  domestic 
practice.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Williamson 
in  1845,  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  1845,  r35-  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
IV.  234;  X.  520.] 

Parts  Used — The  fresh  leaves  and  tops,  while  in  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  T1iT. 

Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  lOoGm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  Jive  parts  alcohol ;   3\  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

EUPATORIUM  PURPUREUM.  Trumpet  Weed. 

Natural  Order. — Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Eupatorium  maculatum,  E.  ternifolium,  E. 
trifoliatum,  E.  verticillatum ;  English,  Gravel  root,  Joe-pye,  Joe-pye 
weed,  Purple  boneset,  Queen  of  the  meadow,  Trumpet  weed ;  German, 
Purpurrother  Wasserhanf. 


272  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  rigid,  erect, 
hollow,  stout,  simple  stem,  2  to  12  feet  high,  punctate  in  lines,  purple 
above  the  nodes,  often  maculate.  The  leaves  are  whorled,  mostly  in 
fives,  stalked,  reticulate,  oblong,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  coarsely  serrate 
and  roughish.  The  purple  flowers  appear  from  August  to  October,  in 
terminal,  dense,  compound,  corymbose  heads. 

Habitat. —  North  America ;  found  in  low  grounds  from  New  Bruns- 
wick to  Saskatchawan,  south  to  Florida  and  westward  to  New  Mexico 
and  British  Columbia.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  78. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1864  by  Dr. 
Hale,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  I.  133.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  237.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :   Drug  strength  ^. 

Eupatorium  purpureum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

EUPHORBIA  COROLLATA.  Flowering  Spurge. 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiacese. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Tithymalus  marinus;  English,  Blooming 
spurge,  Bowman's  root,  Flowering  spurge,  Large  flowering  spurge, 
Milk  purslain,  Milk-weed,  Snake  milk,  Wandering  milk-weed,  Wild 
hippo,  Wild  ipecac  ;  French,  Euphorbe ;  German,  Wolfsmilch. 

Description. — -A  perennial  herb,  having  a  large,  branching  root, 
with  a  number  of  simple,  round,  erect  stems,  i>£  to  3  feet  high,  glab- 
rous, or  somewhat  hairy,  having  a  milky,  acrid  juice.  The  leaves  of 
the  stem  are  alternate,  of  the  pedicels  opposite,  at  the  base  of  the 
inflorescence  whorled,  the  number  corresponding  with  that  of  the  pedi- 
cels; they  are  entire,  ovate,  lanceolate,  i^  to  2  inches  long,  %  to  Yz 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  2/3 

inch  wide,  smooth  above,  slightly  hairy  beneath.  The  flowers,  appear- 
ing from  July  to  October,  are  in  axillary  and  terminal  branches  of  5 
to  7  rays,  each  2  or  3  forked  ;  the  5  showy  white  appendages  of  the 
involucre  appearing  like  petals. 

Habitat. —  North  America,  New  York  to  Wisconsin  and  southward ; 
found,  rather  sparsely,  in  rich  or  sandy  soils,  dry  meadows  and  open 
woods.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  148. 

History. —  Named  after  Euphorbus,  physician  to  Juba,  king  of 
Mauritania.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1862  by  Dr. 
Hale,  N.  A.  Journ.  of  Horn.  XI.  49.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV. 
244.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Euphorbia  corollata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts   alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

EUPHORBIA  HYPERICIFOLIA.     Large  Spotted  Spurge. 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Black  parsley,  Large  spotted  spurge,  Milk 
parsley ;  German,  Johanneskraut,  Blattrige  Wolfsmilch. 

Description. — An  annual  herb,  with  a  stem  from  8  inches  to  2  feet 
high,  erect,  divergently  branched,  glabrous,  or  diffusely  villous.  The 
leaves  are  opposite,  oblique,  slightly  cordate,  ovate-oblong,  sometimes 
falcate,  serrate,  ^  to  \y2  inches  long,  often  with  red  spots,  or  red 
margins.  The  numerous  flowers  appear  in  summer  and  autumn,  with 
peduncles  longer  than  petioles,  in  loose,  leafy,  terminal  cymes.  The 
involucral  appendages  are  entire,  large  and  white,  or  small  and  red. 


274  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  North  America  ;  very  common  ;  found  in 
open  places  in  cultivated  soil.     Fig.,  Millspaugh,  147. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature.     [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  IV.  245.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Euphorbia  hypericifolia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3 x  and  higher. 


EUPHORBIUM  OFFICINARUM.         Gum  Euphorbium. 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Euphorbia  resinifera,  E.  tenella,  Euphorbium 
polygonum ;  English,  Gum  euphorbium,  Spurge ;  French,  Gomme- 
r^sine  d'euphorbe  ;  German,  Euphorbium. 

Description. —  The  resinous  juice,  or  gum  resin,  of  euphorbia  resini- 
fera, a  fleshy,  leafless,  perennial  plant,  resembling  a  cactus.  The  erect 
stem,  4  to  6  feet  high,  is  simple  at  first,  becoming  woody  and  branched 
with  age,  angled  or  furrowed,  with  longitudinal  fissures,  with  blunt 
angles,  along  which  are  scales,  each  bearing  2  short,  sharp,  spreading 
spines,  %  inch  long.  The  juice  is  obtained  by  incisions  in  the  fleshy 
branches,  causing  an  abundant  exudation  of  an  exceedingly  corrosive 
milky  juice,  which  hardens  by  exposure  to  the  air,  encrusting  the 
stems  from  which  it  is  collected  late  in  the  summer.  The  drug  is 
found  in  market  in  irregular  pieces,  less  than  an  inch  across,  of  a  dull- 
yellow  or  brown  waxy-looking  color.  It  is  brittle,  translucent,  odor- 
less, except  when  heated,  with  a  persistent,  extremely  acrid  taste ;  its 
dust  excites  violent  sneezing.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  melts  and  burns 
with  a  brilliant  flame. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  275 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Morocco ;  growing  on  the  lower  slope  of  the 
Atlas  Mountains.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  268 ;  Winkler,  67 ;  Goullon, 
229 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  240. 

History. —  Euphorbium  was  known  to  the  ancients  and  described 
by  Dioscorides  and  Pliny.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by 
Hahnemann  in  1837,  Chr.  Krankheiten,  2d  ed.  III.  277.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  246;  X.  521.] 

Part  Used. — The  gum-resin. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Euphorbium,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 


EUPHRASIA  OFFICINALIS.  Eyebright 

Natural  Order. —  Scrophulariaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Euphragia  alba,  Euphrasia  Candida,  E.  latifolia, 
E.  pratensis,  E.  pusilla;  English,  Euphrasy,  Eyebright;  French, 
Euphraise;  German,  Augentrost. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  a  white,  fibrous  root,  and  an 
erect,  opposite,  branching,  hairy  stem,  3  to  6  inches  high.  The  leaves 
are  opposite,  ovate  or  lanceolate,  bluntly  dentate ;  the  lower  ones 
crenate,  the  floral,  bristly-toothed.  The  flowers  are  small,  solitary, 
very  abundant,  whitish,  yellowish  or  bluish,  inodorous,  and  appear 
from  June  to  September,  in  leafy,  axillary  spikes  at  the  tops  of  stems 
and  branches. 

Habitat. —  Europe  and  the  summits  of  the  White  Mountains  of 
New  Hampshire,  Lake  Superior  region  and  northward.  A  dwarf 
variety,  i  to  5  inches  high,  with  very  small  flowers.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn. 
I.  275;  Winkler,  266;  Millspaugh,  115. 

History. —  The  name  from  Euphrosine,  one  of  the  muses,  express- 
ing joy  or  pleasure.  Known  as  a  remedy  for  the  eyes  as  early  as  1300. 


2/6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Hahnemann  in  1819,  R.  A. 
M.  L.,  V.     [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  254.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ .-  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Euphrasia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol;   3x   and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


EUPIOR  Eupion. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  colorless,  transparent,  light  oil,  taste- 
less, and  having  a  flower-like  odor.  It  volatilizes  noticeably  at  the 
ordinary  temperature.  Is  soluble  in  water,  slightly  soluble  in  dilute 
alcohol ;  mixes  readily  with  absolute  alcohol,  ether,  fixed  and  volatile 
oils ;  specific  gravity  0.65  at  20°  C.  It  is  unchanged  by  acids,  alkalies 
and  by  light.  Eupion  unites  with  bromin,  iodin  and  chlorin  without 
decomposition.  It  is  obtained  from  wood-tar,  during  the  process  of 
distillation.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  266. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  -^,  with  strong  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  strong  alcohol ;  freshly  made. 


FAGOPYRUM  ESCULENTUM.  Buckwheat. 

Natural  Order. —  Polygonaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Polygonum  fagopyrum;  English,  Buckwheat. 

Description. — An  annual  herb,  with  an  erect,  delicate,  branched, 
smoothish,  juicy  stem,  18  inches  to  3  feet  high,  and  triangular-cordate, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  277 

sagittate,  acute  leaves,  with  stipules  in  the  form  of  semi-cylindrical 
sheaths.  The  fine,  white  flowers,  tinged  with  green,  or  rose  color, 
appear  from  June  to  September,  in  terminal  and  axillary  corymbose 
racemes. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  northern  or  central  Asia;  found  in  old  fields, 
remaining  as  a  weed,  where  it  has  once  been  cultivated.  Introduced 
and  cultivated  in  Europe  and  the  United  States.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  142. 

History.  —  Name  derived  from  phegos,  the  beech,  and  pyros,  wheat, 
from  the  resemblance  of  the  grain  to  the  beech  nut.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1873  by  Dr.  Hitchcock,  Trans.  Am.  Inst. 
Horn.  1873,  278.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  277.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  plant  at  maturity. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Fagopyrum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  797  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


FERRUM  ACETICUM.  Ferric  Acetate. 

Ferrum  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Fe26C2H3O2 ;  464.92. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ferri  acetatis,  F.  acetas ;  English,  Acetate  of 
iron,  Ferric  acetate ;  French,  Acetate  de  fer ;  German,  Essigsaure 
eisen. 

Description. —  An  uncrystallizable  salt;  freely  soluble  in  water, 
giving  a  dark-brown  solution,  also  soluble  in  alcohol.  The  aqueous 
solution  is  decomposed  by  boiling.  It  has  the  odor  of  acetic  acid,  and 
a  strong,  metallic,  styptic  taste;  gives  a  blue  precipitate  with  potas- 


278  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

sium  ferrocyanid.  It  is  obtained  from  ferric  oxid  and  acetic  acid,  or 
by  the  decomposition  of  a  solution  of  ferric  sulfate  with  lead  acetate. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  303. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations  ;  2x  and  higher. 

b.  Solution:  -fa  in  distilled  water;  freshly  made. 

c.  Dihttions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water;  freshly  made. 

FERRUM  ARSENICICUM.  Ferrous  Arsenate. 

Ferrum  Arseniatc. 

Chemical  Symbol.— 3Fe(FeO)AsO4i6H2O;  1086.74. 

Synonyms.—  Latin,  Ferri  arsenias,  Arsenias  ferrosus;  English, 
Arseniate  of  iron,  Ferrous  arseniate,  Triferric  diarseniate;  French, 
Arseniate  de  fer;  German,  Arsensaures  eisen. 

Description. — A  greenish-blue,  amorphous,  odorless  and  tasteless 
powder.  Insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  ammonium  citrate.  It  is 
obtained  by  precipitating  a  mixture  of  sodium  arsenate  and  ferrous 
sulfate  with  acid  sodium  carbonate.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  y^ 
grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:   ix  and  higher. 

FERRUM  BROMATUM.  Ferrous  Bromid. 

Ferrum  Bromid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  FeBr2 ;  215.4. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ferri  bromidum  ;  English,  Bromide  of  iron; 
French,  Bromure  ferreux  ;  German,  Eisenbromid. 

Description. —  Consists  of  crystalline  masses,  deliquescent,  and  of 
a  styptic  taste ;  soluble  in  water  or  alcohol.  Its  aqueous  solution  is 
of  a  light-green  color.  It  is  obtained  from  metallic  iron  and  bromin. 
It  should  be  kept  protected  from  light  and  air. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  2/9 

FERRUM  CARBONICUM.  Ferrous  Carbonate. 

Ferrum  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  FeCO3 ;  1 1 5.73. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ferri  carbonas,  Carbonas  ferrosus  ;  English, 
Carbonate  of  iron,  Saccharated  carbonate  of  iron ;  French,  Proto- 
carbonate  de  fer  ;  German,  Kohlensaures  eisen. 

Description. —  An  amorphous,  greenish,  odorless  powder,  having  a 
faint  metallic  taste ;  insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  readily  dissolved 
with  effervescence  in  diluted  hydrochloric  acid.  In  a  damp  atmos- 
phere, it  is  slowly  converted  into  ferric  oxid ;  at  a  red  heat,  it  loses  its 
carbon  dioxid,  and  is  converted  into  brown-red  ferric  oxid.  It  is 
obtained  from  ferrous  sulfate  and  acid  sodium  carbonate,  and  may  be 
protected,  to  a  certain  extent,  from  oxidation  by  use  of  cane  sugar. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  303. 

Preparation  of  the  saccharated  ferrous  carbonate,  U.  S.  P.  :  — 
Ferrous  sulfate,  50  Gm. 

Sodium  bicarbonate,  35  Gm. 

Cane  sugar  in  fine  powder,  1 

~.    ...    .  >  each  a  sufficient  quantity. 

Distilled  water,  ) 

To  make  one  hundred  grammes. 

Dissolve  the  ferrous  sulfate  in  two  hundred  (200)  cubic  centimeters 
of  hot  distilled  water,  and  the  sodium  bicarbonate  in  five  hundred  (500) 
cubic  centimeters  of  distilled  water,  at  a  temperature  not  exceeding 
50°  C.  (122°  F.),  and  filter  the  solutions  separately.  To  the  solution 
of  sodium  bicarbonate,  contained  in  a  flask,  having  a  capacity  of  about 
one  thousand  (1000)  cubic  centimeters,  add,  gradually,  the  solution  of 
ferrous  sulfate,  and  mix  thoroughly  by  rotating  the  flask.  Fill  up  the 
flask  with  boiling  distilled  water,  cork  it  loosely,  and  set  the  mixture 
aside.  When  the  precipitate  has  subsided,  draw  off  the  clear,  super- 
natant liquid  by  means  of  a  siphon,  and  then  fill  the  flask  again  with 
hot  distilled  water  and  shake  it.  Again  draw  off  the  clear  liquid,  and 
repeat  the  washings  with  hot  distilled  water  in  the  same  manner, 
until  the  decanted  liquid  gives  not  more  than  a  slight  cloudiness  with 
barium  chlorid  test-solution.  Finally,  drain  the  precipitate  thoroughly 
on  a  muslin  strainer,  transfer  it  to  a  porcelain  capsule,  containing 
eighty  (80)  grammes  of  sue:ar,  and  mix  intimately ;  evaporate  the 


28O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

mixture  to  dryness,  by  means  of  a  water-bath,  reduce  it  to  powder  and 
mix  intimately  with  it,  if  necessary,  enough  well-dried  sugar  to  make 
the  final  product  weigh  one  hundred  (100)  grammes.  Keep  the 
product  in  small,  well-stoppered  bottles.  This  preparation  contains 
about  20  per  cent  of  ferrous  carbonate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :   Equal  portions  of  the  saccharated  ferrous  carbonate 

and  milk  sugar  will  make  the  ix  trituration. 
Preparations  of  this  salt  should  be  freshly  made. 


FERRUM  IODATUM.  Ferrous  lodid 

Ferrum  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  FeI2 ;  308.94. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ferrum  iodidum,  Ferri  iodidum  saccharatum  ; 
English,  lodid  of  iron,  Saccharated  iodid  of  iron;  French,  lodure  de 
fer;  German,  Jodeisen. 

Description. —  A  yellowish-grey,  odorless,  hygroscopic  powder, 
having  a  sweetish  metallic  taste,  and  a  faint  acid  reaction.  It  is 
partially  soluble  in  alcohol;  soluble  in  7  parts  of  water  at  15°  C, 
forming  a  clear,  limpid  solution,  which  gives  a  greenish  precipitate 
with  ammonium  hydrate,  a  blue  precipitate  with  ammonium  ferricy- 
anid,  and  acquires  a  blue  color,  upon  the  addition  of  starch  and  a 
small  quantity  of  chlorin  water.  Heat  decomposes  it,  volatilizes  the 
iodid  and  gives  a  residue  of  ferric  oxid.  It  is  obtained  from  metallic 
iron  and  iodin.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  324. 

Preparation  of  the  saccharated  ferrous  iodid,  U.  S.  P. :  — 

Iron,  in  the  form  of  fine,  bright  wire,  and  cut  into  small  pieces,     6  Gm. 
Reduced  iron,  I  Gm. 

Iodin,  17  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  )  each  a  suffident  quantity. 

Sugar  of  milk,  recently  dried,  j 
To  make  one  hundred  grammes. 

Mix  the  iron  wire,  iodin  and  twenty  (20)  cubic  centimeters  of 
distilled  water  in  a  flask  of  thin  glass ;  shake  the  mixture  occasionally, 
until  the  reaction  ceases  and  the  solution  has  acquired  a  green  color 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  28l 

and  lost  the  smell  of  iodin ;  then  filter  it  through  a  small,  wetted 
filter  into  a  porcelain  capsule,  containing  forty  (40)  grammes  of  sugar 
of  milk.  Rinse  the  flask  and  iron  wire  with  a  little  distilled  water, 
pass  the  rinsings  through  the  filter  into  the  capsule,  and  evaporate,  on 
a  water-bath,  with  frequent  stirring,  until  a  dry  mass  remains  ;  transfer 
this  quickly  to  a  heated  iron  mortar,  reduce  it  to  a  powder  and  mix  it 
intimately  by  trituration,  with  the  reduced  iron  and  enough  sugar  of 
milk  to  make  the  final  product  weigh  one  hundred  (100)  grammes. 
Transfer  the  powder  at  once  to  small  and  perfectly  dry  bottles,  which 
should  be  securely  stoppered  and  kept  in  a  cool  and  dark  place. 

The  above  preparation  contains  about  20  per  cent  of  ferrous  iodid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :  Equal  parts  of  saccharated  ferrous  iodid  with  milk 
sugar  will  make  the  ix  trituration. 

FERRUM  LACTICUM.  Ferrous  Lactatc. 

Ferrum  Lactate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Fe  2C3H5O3.3H2O;  287.34. 

Synonyms.  — Latin,  Ferri  lactas,  Lactas  ferrosus  ;  English,  Lactate 
of  iron  ;  French,  Lactate  de  fer  ;  German,  Eisenlactat. 

Description. —  A  greenish-white  or  yellowish  crystalline  powder, 
with  a  slight  peculiar  odor,  and  a  mild  metallic  taste ;  reaction,  acid. 
In  a  damp  atmosphere,  it  is  slowly  converted  into  ferric  lactate.  Is 
soluble  in  40  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  almost  insoluble  in  alcohol. 
At  a  red  heat,  it  is  decomposed,  emitting  white  acid  vapors,  having 
the  odor  of  burnt  sugar,  and  leaving  a  residue  of  ferric  oxid.  It  is 
prepared  with  lactic  acid  and  metallic  iron,  or  by  mixing  a  solution  of 
sodium  lactate  with  ferrous  chlorid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

FERRUM  MAGNETICUM.  Fcrro-Fcrric  Oxid. 

Ferrum  Magnetic. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Fe3O4;  231.48. 


282  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ferri  oxidum  magneticum,  Ferrum  oxydatum 
magneticum,  Oxydum  ferroso-ferricum  ;  English,  Magnetic  oxide  of 
iron,  Black  oxide  of  iron,  Loadstone ;  French,  Oxyde  ferrose-ferrique, 
Oxyde  de  fer  noir  (magn^tique) ;  German,  Magneteisen,  Eisenoxyd- 
oxydul. 

Description. —  A  brown-black,  tasteless,  odorless,  magnetic  powder. 
Insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol ;  soluble  in  diluted  hydrochloric  and 
sulfuric  acids.  This  solution  gives  all  the  reactions  of  the  salts  of 
iron.  Strongly  heated  in  air,  it  is  transformed  into  red  ferric  oxid. 
It  is  found  very  abundantly  in  nature,  and  is  artificially  prepared  from 
a  mixture  of  ferrous  and  ferric  salts  and  sodium  hydrate.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  522. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


FERRUM  METALLICUM.  Iron  by  Hydrogen. 

Ferrum. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Fe ;  55.88. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ferrum  reductum,  F.  redactum,  F.  hydrogenio 
reductum ;  English,  Iron  reduced  by  hydrogen  ;  French,  Fer  reduit  par 
1'hydrogene  ;  German,  Reducirtes  eisen. 

Description. —  A  fine,  dark-grey,  tasteless  and  lusterless  powder. 
Permanent  in  dry  air,  but  in  a  moist  atmosphere  converted  into  ferric 
oxid.  In  case  this  reduction  takes  place  at  a  temperature  lower  than 
red  heat,  the  reduced  iron  powder  will  burn  in  contact  with  air— 
pyrophorus  iron.  Insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  It  is  magnetic, 
and  burns  easily  when  in  contact  with  a  lighted  taper.  Is  dissolved 
by  diluted  hydrochloric  and  sulfuric  acids,  evolving  hydrogen  gas.  It 
is  obtained  by  the  reduction  of  ferric  oxid  by  hydrogen  gas  at  a  high 
temperature.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  303. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations ;  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHV.  283 

FERRUM  MURIATICUM.  Ferric  Chlorid. 

Ferrum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol — Fe2Cle.i2H2O;  539.5. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ferri  chloridum,  F.  perchloridum,  Ferrum 
sesquichloratum,  F.  muriaticum  oxydatum,  Chloridum  vel  chloruretum 
ferricum;  English,  Chloride  of  iron,  Sesquichloride  (perchloride)  of 
iron,  Ferric  chloride ;  French,  Perchlorure  de  fer,  Chlorure  ferrique ; 
German,  Eisenchlorid. 

Description. —  When  obtained  directly  by  the  action  of  chlorin  gas 
upon  metallic  iron,  it  is  crystallized,  has  a  brown  color,  and  a  metallic 
luster.  Prepared  in  the  wet  way,  it  forms  orange-yellow  crystalline 
masses,  readily  deliquesces,  has  a  slight  odor  of  hydrochloric  acid,  and 
a  strong  metallic  taste.  It  is  volatilized  by  heat.  Is  very  soluble  in 
water  and  in  alcohol.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  blue  precipitate 
with  potassium  ferrocyanid  and  a  deep-blue  coloration  with  ammonium 
sulfocyanate.  It  is  prepared  by  dissolving  metallic  iron  in  hydro- 
chloric acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  329. 

Preparation  of  the  solution  of  ferric  chlorid,  U.  S.  P. :  — 
Iron,  in  the  form  of  fine,  bright  wire,  and  cut  into  small  pieces,  150  Gm. 
Hydrochloric  acid,  870  Gm. 

Nitric  acid,          )  „.   . 

>  each  a  sufficient  quantity. 
Distilled  water,  J 

To  make  one  thousand  grammes. 

Introduce  the  iron  wire  into  a  flask,  having  a  capacity  of  about  two 
thousand  (2000)  cubic  centimeters,  pour  upon  it  a  mixture  of  five 
hundred  and  forty  (540)  grammes  of  hydrochloric  acid  and  two 
hundred  and  fifty  (250)  cubic  centimeters  of  distilled  water,  and  let 
the  mixture  stand  in  a  moderately  warm  place,  until  effervescence 
ceases ;  then  heat  it  to  the  boiling  point,  filter  it  through  paper,  and, 
having  rinsed  the  flask  and  iron  wire  with  a  little  hot  distilled  water, 
pass  the  rinsings  through  the  filter.  To  the  filtered  liquid,  add  two 
hundred  and  eighty  (280)  grammes  of  hydrochloric  acid,  add  the 
mixture  slowly  and  gradually,  in  a  stream,  to  eighty  (80)  grammes  of 
nitric  acid,  contained  in  a  capacious  porcelain  vessel,  and  warm  gently. 
After  effervescence  ceases,  apply  heat,  by  means  of  a  sand-bath,  until 
the  liquid  is  free  from  nitrous  odor;  then  test  a  few  drops  of  the 


284  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

liquid,  diluted  with  water,  with  freshly  prepared  potassium  ferricyanid 
test-solution.  Should  this  reagent  produce  a  blue  color,  add  a  little 
more  nitric  acid,  drop  by  drop,  as  long  as  effervescence  is  observed, 
and  evaporate  off  the  excess.  Finally,  add  the  remaining  fifty  (50) 
grammes  of  hydrochloric  acid  and  enough  distilled  water  to  make 
the  solution  weigh  one  thousand  (1000)  grammes.  A  reddish-brown 
liquid,  having  a  faint  odor  of  hydrochloric  acid,  an  acid,  strongly 
styptic  taste,  and  an  acid  reaction;  specific  gravity,  about  1.387  at 
15°  C.  (59°  F.).  This  preparation  contains  about  37.8  per  cent  of  the 
anhydrous  salt. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^ 

Solution  of  ferric  chlorid,  U.  S.  P.,  264  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


FERRUM  PHOSPHORICUM.  Ferric  Phosphate. 

Ferrum  Phosphate. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ferri  phosphas,  U.  S.  P.,  1860. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  bluish-gray  powder,  odorless  and  taste- 
less. Insoluble  in  water  or  alcohol;  soluble  in  hydrochloric  acid, 
forming  a  yellow  solution,  which  gives  a  dark-blue  precipitate  with  the 
ferro-  or  ferricyanid  of  potassium.  With  barium  chlorid  a  slight 
turbidity  is  noticed,  but  the  solution  shows  no  change  when  treated 
with  hydrogen  sulfid.  No  precipitate  is  thrown  down  when  sufficient 
tartaric  acid  is  added  to  the  acid  solution  and  an  excess  of  ammonia. 
The  powder  has  a  greenish-gray  color  when  warmed,  or  grayish-brown 
at  a  higher  temperature.  The  filtrate  obtained  after  boiling  it  with 
caustic  soda  gives,  when  neutralized,  a  yellow  precipitate  with  nitrate 
of  silver.  On  treating  the  powder  with  hot  distilled  water  and  heating 
it  on  platinum  foil,  it  should  evaporate  without  residue.  This  salt  is 
obtained  by  mixing  the  solutions  of  sulfate  of  iron,  and  phosphate  and 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  285 

acetate  of  sodium,  and  then  washing  and  drying  the  resulting  precipi- 
tate. This  should  not  be  confounded  with  the  ferri  phosphas  of  the 
U.  S.  P.  1890.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  525. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


FERRUM  SULPHURICUM.  Ferrous  Sulfate. 

Ferrum  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— FeSO47H2O;  277.42. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Ferri  sulphas,  Sulfas  ferrosus,  Ferrum  vitriola- 
tum  purum,  Vitriolum  martis  purum;  English,  Sulphate  of  iron,  Ferrous 
sulphate ;  French,  Sulfate  ferreux ;  German,  Ferrosulfat,  Schwefelsaures 
Eisenoxydul. 

Description. —  Consists  of  large,  green,  odorless  crystals,  having  a 
saline,  styptic  taste.  Soluble  in  1.8  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  insoluble 
in  alcohol.  Efflorescent  on  exposure  to  air,  it  finally  loses  its  crystal- 
line form  and  appears  as  a  yellowish-white  powder.  At  a  temperature 
of  115°  C.,  the  salt  loses  6  molecules  of  water  and  assumes  the  form  of 
a  powder ;  at  a  red  heat,  the  last  molecule  of  water  is  expelled  and 
sulfur  dioxid,  sulfuric  acid  and  oxygen  are  disengaged,  with  a  residue 
of  red  ferric  oxid.  Its  aqueous  solutions  are  finally  decomposed ; 
they  give  a  white  precipitate  with  barium  chlorid  and  all  the  reactions 
of  ferrous  salts.  It  is  prepared  from  metallic  iron  and  diluted  sulfuric 
acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  528. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


FERRI  ET  QUININE  QTRAS.  Iron  and  Quinin  Citrate. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Chininum  ferro-citricum  ;  English,  Citrate  of 
iron  and  quinine;  French,  Citras  ferrico-quinicus  ;  German,  Eisenchinin- 
citrat. 


286  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Description. —  Consists  of  transparent,  greenish  or  reddish-brown 
scales,  odorless,  and  having  a  bitter  and  slightly  ferruginous  taste. 
Permanent  in  dry,  slowly  deliquescent  in  damp  air;  slowly,  but 
entirely  soluble  in  cold  water,  more  quickly  so  in  hot ;  slightly  soluble 
in  alcohol,  insoluble  in  ether;  reaction  of  aqueous  solution,  slightly 
acid.  The  addition  of  tannin  gives  a  grayish-black  precipitate — the 
mixed  tannates  of  iron  and  quinin.  Ammonia  darkens  the  aqueous 
solution,  and  causes  the  formation  of  a  white,  curdy  precipitate.  By 
adding  potassium  ferrocyanid,  acidulated  with  hydrochloric  acid,  to 
its  filtrate,  a  blue  precipitate  is  obtained.  This  salt  is  obtained  by 
dissolving  citrate  of  iron  in  distilled  water,  adding  quinin,  evaporating 
the  solution  and  drying  the  remainder  on  plates  of  glass. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


FERRI  ET  STRYCHNINE  CITRAS. 

Iron  and  Strychnin  Citrate. 

Synonyms. — English,  Citrate  of  iron  and  stychnine;  French,  Citrate 
de  fer  et  de  strychnine ;  German,  Citronensaures  Eisen-Strychnin. 

Description.  —  Consists  of  thin,  transparent  scales,  of  a  dark-red  to 
yellowish-brown  color,  odorless,  and  having  a  bitter  and  somewhat 
ferruginous  taste.  Deliquescent  in  damp  air ;  quickly  and  entirely  solu- 
ble in  water,  partially  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  chars  when  strongly  heated. 
The  residue  of  ferric  oxid  should  not  give  an  alkaline  reaction  with 
litmus  paper ;  reaction  of  aqueous  solution  slightly  acid.  The  addi- 
tion of  ammonia  water  darkens  the  liquid  and  causes  a  white  precipi- 
tate, which  is  soluble  in  boiling  water;  heated  with  potassium  or 
sodium  hydrate  test-solution,  a  brownish-red  precipitate  is  obtained, 
while  vapor  of  ammonia  is  thrown  off.  This  salt  is  obtained  by  dis- 
solving citrate  of  iron  and  ammonium  in  distilled  water,  also  strychnin 
and  citric  acid.  The  two  solutions  are  then  mixed,  partially  evapo- 
rated, spread  on  plates  of  glass  and  dried  in  scales. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  287 


FILIX  MAS.  Male  Fern. 

Natural  Order —  Filices. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Aspidium  filix  mas,  Dryopteris  f.  m.,  Lastrea 
f.  m.,  Nephrodium  f.  m.,  Polypodium  f.  m.  ;  English,  Male  fern ; 
French,  Fougere  male ;  German,  Mannliches  Farrenkraut. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  short,  unbranched 
rhizome,  I  inch  in  diameter,  but  appearing  much  larger  on  account  of 
many  matted  fibers,  forming  a  turfy  head,  blackish  and  scaly,  having 
numerous,  long,  slightly  branched,  filiform  roots.  The  fronds  (or 
leaves),  i  to  3  feet  long,  from  extremity  of  rhizome,  are  bi-pinnate, 
erect,  appearing  like  a  plume,  with  long,  stiff,  channelled  petioles. 
The  fruit  consists  of  minute,  brown,  ovoid  spores,  in  receptacles 
attached  along  the  midrib  on  the  back  of  the  fronds.  The  fern  has  a 
disagreeable  odor,  and  a  nauseous,  bitter,  astringent  taste. 

Habitat. —  Western  United  States,  Lake  Superior  to  the  Pacific, 
along  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  Mexico,  parts  of  South  America,  all 
temperate  parts  of  Europe  and  Asia;  found  in  shady  places.  Fig., 
Winkler,  98 ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  209 ;  Goullon,  294 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  300. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  aspis,  a  round  shield,  from  the  shape 
of  the  membrane  enclosing  the  spores.  Used  by  the  ancients  as  a 
vermifuge.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1833  by  Dr. 
Hartman,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  II.  67.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV. 
332  ;  X.  528.] 

Part  Used. —  The  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^V 

Filix  mas,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  658  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 


FRAGARIA  VESCA.  Strawberry. 

Natural  Order. —  Rosaceae. 


288  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Fragulae,  Trifolii  fragiferi;  English,  Straw- 
berry ;  French,  Fraisier  vulgaire  ;  German,  Gemeine  Erdbeere. 

Description. —  A  stemless,  perennial  herb',  having  a  brown,  hori- 
zontal, knotted  root,  with  long,  creeping  sprouts  (stolons)  that  take  root 
again.  The  leaves  are  radical,  ternately  compound,  obovate,  coarsely 
serrate,  downy  above,  hairy  beneath,  stipules  cohering  with  the  base 
of  the  petioles,  which  with  the  scapes  are  usually  hairy  and  much 
longer  than  the  leaves.  The  white  flowers  appear  from  April  to  June, 
in  loose  cymes  on  long  scapes.  The  fruit  is  an  enlarged,  globular, 
pulpy  receptacle,  on  the  surface  of  which  the  seeds  are  scattered. 

Habitat. —  United  States;  common  in  fields  and  rocky  places, 
indigenous  northward.  Fig.,  Winkler,  70;  Millspaugh,  55. 

History, — -Name  derived  from  fragrans.  Mentioned  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  in  1833  by  Dr.  Gross,  Archiv.  XIII.  i,  85.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  365 ;  X.  529.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  ripe  fruit,  or  whole  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Fragaria,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

FRASERA  CAROLINENSIS.  Columbo. 

Natural  Order. —  Gentianaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Frasera  walteri,  Swertia  difformis ;  English, 
American  columbo,  Columbo,  Indian  lettuce  ;  French,  Colombo  d'Ame- 
rique ;  German,  Amerikanische  Colombowurzel. 

Description. —  A  biennial,  or  triennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  very 
thick,  long,  fusiform,  rugose,  yellow  and  bitter  root.  The  dark-purple 
stem  is  smooth,  erect,  cylindrical,  succulent,  4  to  8  feet  high,  i  to  2 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  289 

inches  thick  at  the  base.  The  leaves  are  mostly  in  whorls,  of  four  to 
six,  rarely  opposite,  smooth,  oblong,  lanceolate,  entire,  3  to  12  inches 
long,  i  to  3  inches  broad,  decreasing  toward  the  top.  The  flowers  are 
yellowish-white,  with  small  brown-purple  dots,  and  appear  in  July,  in 
loose  pyramidal  panicles. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  southwestern  New  York  to  Wisconsin 
and  southward ;  found  in  rich,  dry  soil. 

History. —  Named  for  John  Eraser.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic 
literature  by  Dr.  Hale  in  1867,  New  Rem.  2d  ed.  377. 

Part  Used. —  The  root,  two  years  old,  dug  in  October  or  November. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Frasera,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  870  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

FUCUS  VESICULOSUS.  Sea  Wrack. 

Natural  Order. —  Algae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Quercus  marina;  English,  Black  tang,  Bladder 
fucus,  Common  sea  wrack,  Kelp  ware,  Sea  kelp,  Sea  ware ;  French, 
Fucus  vesiculeux  ;  German,  Blasentang. 

Description. — This  sea-weed  is  2  to  4  feet  long,  with  a  flat,  branch- 
ing thallus,  or  leaf,  y?  to  i  inch  wide,  smooth  and  glossy,  with  entire 
margins  and  a  prominent  midrib,  extending  its  entire  length.  Spheri- 
cal or  oval  air  vessels,  growing  as  large  as  a  hazel-nut,  are  found  on 
either  side  of  the  midrib,  generally  in  pairs.  The  fruit  consists  of 
globular  vessels,  filled  with  a  clear,  tasteless  mucus,  arranged  in 
elongated  receptacles  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  The  sea-weed  is  of 
brownish-green  color,  becoming  nearly  black  when  dried,  having  a 
peculiar  odor,  and  a  nauseous,  mucilaginous,  salty  taste. 

Habitat. —  Found  in  north  Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans,  attached 
to  rocks  by  its  expanded,  woody  root. 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


History.  —  Name  derived  from  phukos,  Greek  for  sea-weed.  When 
quickly  dried  in  the  sun,  it  becomes  brittle,  but  dried  by  artificial  heat, 
it  remains  hygroscopic.  It  has  long  been  known  as  a  remedy  for 
obesity.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  literature  in  1863,  Monthly 
Horn.  Rev.  Lond.  VII.  8  ;  B.  J.  Horn.  XXI.  171.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  IV.  369.] 

Parts  Used.  —  The  entire  sea-weed. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Fucus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol  ;  3x   and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


GAMBOGIA.  Gamboge. 

Natural  Order. —  Guttiferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cambogia,  Catharticum  aureum,  Garcinia 
hanburii,  G.  morella,  var.  pedicellata,  Gummi  cambogia,  G.  gutti,  G. 
victoria,  Gutta  gamba,  Hebradendron  gambogioides ;  English,  Gam- 
boge; French,  Gutte,  Gomme-gutte ;  German,  Gummigutt,  Gutti. 

Description. — A  gum-resin  from  several  species  of  the  Garcinia,  a 
tree  35  to  50  feet  high,  with  a  thick,  orange-brown  bark,  and  many 
spreading  branches.  These  trees  yield  on  cutting,  or  by  breaking  off 
the  leaves  and  shoots,  a  yellow,  opaque  juice,  hardening  on  exposure. 
The  best  gamboge  is  in  cylindrical  rolls,  from  i  to  3  inches  in  diam- 
eter, sometimes  hollow  in  the  center,  from  having  been  collected  and 
hardened  in  joints  of  bamboo.  It  is  also  found  in  lumps  or  flat  cakes. 
The  pieces  are  striated  longitudinally,  from  the  inside  of  the  bamboo, 
and  are  externally  of  a  dull-orange  color,  with  occasionally  greenish 
stains.  It  is  brittle,  its  fracture  is  smooth,  opaque,  glistening,  of  a 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHV.  2QI 

uniform  reddish-yellow  color,  its  powder  bright-yellow.  It  is  odorless, 
and  has  an  acrid  taste;  is  soluble  in  excess  of  water  and  partially 
soluble  in  alcohol. 

Habitat. —  Siam,  Cambodia  and  southern  parts  of  Cochin  China. 
Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  33. 

History. —  Garcinia,  named  for  Garcin,  an  oriental  traveler,  Gam- 
bogia,  from  the  Province  of  Cambodia,  one  of  its  sources,  and  gummi 
gutta,  from  the  fact  of  the  juice  issuing  by  drops.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  literature  in  1843.  Proving  by  Nenning,  Noack  and 
Trinks,  Handbuch,  I.  80 1.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  373.] 

Part  Used. — The  gum-resin. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Gambogia,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  I  x  and  higher. 

GAULTHERIA  PROCUMBENS.  Wintergrccn. 

Natural  Order.— Ericaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Gaultheria  humilis,  Gautiera  procumbens,  G. 
repens;  English,  Boxberry,  Checkerberry,  Creeping  wintergreen, 
Ground  holly,  Jersey  tea,  Mountain  tea,  Partridge  berry,  Tea  berry, 
Spice  berry,  Wintergreen ;  French,  Th6  du  Canada ;  German,  Cana- 
discher  Thee. 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  trailing  vine,  with  a  slender,  procum- 
bent stem,  giving  off  root  fibers,  and  erect  branches  3  to  5  inches 
high,  leafy  at  summit.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  shortly-petiolate, 
oblong-obovate,  tapering  at  base,  acute,  serrate,  smooth,  shining, 
thick,  i  to  \%  inches  long.  The  flowers  appear  in  July,  are  pale-pink 
or  crimson,  waxy  looking,  few  in  number,  axillary  and  pendulous. 

Habitat. —  Newfoundland  to  Lake  Superior,  the  Atlantic  States 
along  the  Alleghanies  to  upper  Georgia ;  found  in  cool,  damp  woods  in 
the  shade  of  evergreens.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  164 ;  Millspaugh,  102. 


292  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Name  from  Dr.  Gaultier.    Poisonous  effects  mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  384. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  herb. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  -^. 
Gaultheria,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  315  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


GELSEMIUM  SEMPERVIRENS.  Yellow  Jessamine. 

Natural  Order. —  Loganiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Anonymos  sempervirens,  Bignonia  semper- 
virens,  Gelsemium  luteum  odoratum,  G.  lucidum,  G.  nitidum,  Jasminum 
luteum  odoratum,  Lisianthus  sempervirens;  English,  Bignonia,  Caro- 
lina jessamine,  Field  jessamine,  Wild  jessamine,  Woodbine,  Yellow 
jessamine;  French,  Jasmin  sauvage;  German,  Gift  Jasmin. 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  climbing  shrub,  with  a  woody,  much 
branched  root,  attaining  a  diameter  of  2  inches,  and  having  a  cinnamon- 
brown  colored  bark  and  light-yellow  wood,  with  a  pleasant  bitter  taste. 
The  stem  is  smooth,  branching,  grows  to  great  length,  at  first  is  light- 
slate  colored,  and  later,  purplish.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  persistent, 
short-petioled,  lanceolate,  acute  at  both  ends,  entire,  dark,  bright-green 
above,  pale  beneath.  The  flowers  are  large,  i  to  \y2  inches  long, 
sweet-scented,  funnel-shaped,  appearing  in  March  and  April,  in  small, 
axillary  clusters. 

Habitat. —  Rich  moist  grounds  along  the  seacoast  from  eastern 
Virginia  and  southward  into  Mexico.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  181  ; 
Millspaugh,  130. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  2Q3 

History. —  Name  derived  from  gelsemino,  the  Italian  name  of  jessa- 
mine. It  was  brought  into  notice  as  a  medicine  by  being  accidentally 
administered  for  another  plant.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature 
by  Dr.  Metcalfe  in  1853,  N.  A.  J.  of  Horn.  III.  99.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  IV.  385;  X.  529.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .•  Drug  strength  fa. 
Gelsemium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;   3\  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

GENISTA  TINCTORIA.  Dyer's  Weed. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosse. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Dyer's  broom,  Dyer's  weed,  Dyer's  green-_ 
weed,  Green  weed,  Greenwood,  Woad-waxen;  French,  Gen6t  des  tein- 
turiers ;  German,  Farberginster. 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  thornless  shrub,  with  an  erect,  branch- 
ing stem,  i  foot  high,  striated,  angled.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  sim- 
ple, lanceolate,  nearly  smooth,  and  sessile.  The  yellow  flowers  appear 
in  June  in  terminal,  racemose  spikes. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  Asia  and  Europe,  naturalized  in  the 
United  States ;  found  on  sterile  hills  in  eastern  New  York  and  Massa- 
chusetts. Fig.,  Millspaugh,  46. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Celtic,  gen,  a  bush.  Introduced 
into  homoeopathic  literature  in  1836  by  Dr.  Trinks.  Poisonous  effects 
mentioned  in  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  IX.  287.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
IV.  403-] 

Parts  Used — The  whole  fresh  plant. 


294  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Genista,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


GENTIANA  CRUCIATA.  Crosswort 

Natural  Order. —  Gentianaceae. 

< 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Gentiana  minoris ;  English,  Crosswort  gentian; 
French,  Gentiane  croisette ;  German,  Kreuze  Enzain. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  smooth  stem  I 
foot  high,  two-edged,  narrowed  at  base.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  entire 
and  sessile.  The  flowers  are  dark-blue,  appearing  in  June  and  July. 

Habitat. —  Austria. 

History. —  Named  for  Gentius,  king  of  Illyria;  supposed  to  possess 
special  virtues,  because  its  leaves  grew  in  form  of  a  cross.  One  of  the 
many  panaceas  for  hydrophobia.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  litera- 
ture in  1845  by  Dr.  Watzke,  Oest.  Zeit.  f.  Horn.  I.  3,  133.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  404.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </> :  Drug  strength  1^. 

Gentiana  cruciata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,    with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  295 

GENTIANA  LUTEA.  Yellow  Gentian. 

Natural  Order. —  Gentianaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Gentiana  lutetia,  G.  majoris,  G.  rubra;  English, 
Bitter  wort,  Common  gentian,  Great  yellow  gentian,  Yellow  gentian ; 
French,  Gentiane  jaune,  Grande  gentiane ;  German,  Gelber  Enzain. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  cylindrical, 
branching  root,  2  to  3  feet  long,  I  inch  thick,  and  a  thick,  hollow, 
round  stem  4  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  sessile,  entire,  ovate, 
glaucous  and  of  a  bright-green  color.  The  flowers  are  large,  yellow, 
pedicellate,  whorled  in  axillary  clusters. 

Habitat. —  Southern  and  central  Europe,  growing  on  grassy  moun- 
tains. Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  211  ;  Goullon,  174. 

History. —  A  common  remedy  in  the  middle  ages.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1841  by  proving  by  Dr.  Buchner,  Hygea, 
XIV.  i.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  407.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Gentiana  lutea,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

GERANIUM  MACULATUM.  Wild  Cranesbill. 

Natural  Order. —  Geraniaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Geranium  pusillum ;  English,  Alum  root, 
Cranesbill,  Crowfoot,  Geranium,  Spotted  cranesbill,  Spotted  geranium, 
Storksbill,  Tormentilla,  Wild  cranesbill;  French,  Pied-de-cornielle ; 
German,  Flechstorchschnabel-Wurzel. 


2Q6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  thick,  cylindrical, 
branched,  pale-brown  rhizome,  giving  off  filiform  rootlets.  The  stem 
is  erect,  about  I  to  2  feet  high,  cylindrical,  dichotomous,  green  and 
hairy.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  five-parted,  with  wedge-shaped  lobes, 
cut  at  the  ends ;  the  root  leaves  are  large,  on  long,  hairy  petioles ;  the 
stem  leaves  on  short  petioles,  bright-green,  hairy  or  smooth  above, 
pale  and  covered  with  erect  hairs  beneath.  The  old  leaves  have 
whitish-green  spots,  whence  the  name.  The  flowers  are  purple,  and 
appear  from  April  to  June  in  small,  terminal,  cymose  umbels. 

Habitat. —  North  America,  extending  from  Canada  through  the 
United  States ;  found  in  open  woods  and  fields.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim. 
42;  Millspaugh,  32. 

History. —  The  name  from  geranos,  a  crane.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1870  by  Dr.  Beckwith,  O.  Med.  and  Surg. 
Rep.  IV.  127.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  407;  X.  534.] 

Part  Used —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Geranium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;    3x  and    higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


GERANIUM  ROBERTIANUM.  Herb  Robert. 

Natural  Order. —  Geraniaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Geranium  inodorum;  English,  Herb  Robert; 
French,  Herbe  a  Robert ;  German,  Ruprechtskraut. 

Description. — A  strongly  scented,  annual  herb,  with  a  stem  sparsely 
hairy.  The  leaves  are  three-  to  five-parted,  with  trifid-pinnatifid  lobes. 
The  flowers  are  small,  reddish-purple,  appearing  from  April  to  October. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCF.OPATHY.  2Q7 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain,  introduced  into  the  United  States  ;  found 
in  moist  woods  and  shady  ravines ;  common  northward. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  literature  in  1854  by  Dr. 
Weitenweber,  Prag.  Monatsch'ft,  II.  1,2. 

Parts  Used.— The  whole  fresh  plant. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Geranium  Robert.,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with    dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications  :  3\  and  higher. 

GEUM  URBANUM.  Herb  Bcnnct. 

Natural  Order. —  Rosaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Caryophyllata  alba,  Geum  agrimonoides,  G. 
album,  G.  canadense,  G.  carolinianum,  Sanamunda,  Sieversia  carolin- 
iana ;  English,  Common  avens,  Herb  Bennet ;  French,  Benoite, 
Galiote  ;  German,  Wahres  Benedictenkraut. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  erect,  slightly 
branched  stem,  I  to  i  ^  feet  high,  slender,  smoothish,  or  softly  pubes- 
cent. The  radical  leaves  are  lyrate-pinnate,  the  cauline,  ternate.  The 
flowers  are  bright-yellow,  solitary  and  terminal,  appearing  from  May  to 
August.  The  root  has  an  odor  of  cloves  and  a  bitter  taste,  is  2  to  3 
inches  long,  ^  inch  thick,  slightly  branched,  beset  with  hairy  leaf- 
sheaths,  externally  blackish-brown,  internally  whitish,  with  a  red  center. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  Pennsylvania  northward,  central  and 
northern  Europe  and  northern  Asia ;  common  in  wet  hilly  locations, 
borders  of  woods.  Fig.,  Goullon,  95. 

History. —  Named  from  geyo,  to  give  a  relish.  Its  medicinal 
properties  were  mentioned  by  Pliny  in  the  first  century.  Introduced 
into  homoeopathic  literature  in  1853  by  Wuerzler,  Horn.  v.  j.  Schrift, 
IV.  104. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 


2Q8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>.•  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Geum  urbanum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,    with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3 x  and  higher. 

GLONOINUM.  Glonoin. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C3H5(NO3)3. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Glonoine,  Nitro-glycerin. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  heavy,  yellowish,  oily  liquid  (said  to  be 
colorless  when  pure),  odorless,  and  having  a  sweetish,  pungent  taste. 
Is  almost  insoluble  in  water,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether  and 
methylated  spirit;  specific  gravity,  about  1.6.  It  solidifies  in  the  form 
of  long  needles  when  subjected  for  some  time  to  a  temperature  of 
8°  C.  Glonoin  boils  at  180°  C.,  exploding  with  great  violence  if  con- 
fined within  a  closed  vessel.  Its  explosive  property  is  very  marked, 
and  is  brought  into  action  by  the  slightest  jar  or  blow,  or  even  by  the 
concussion  of  the  atmosphere.  When  kept  long  it  undergoes  partial 
decomposition,  forming  glycerin  and  oxalic  acids,  and  some  of  the 
lower  oxids  of  nitrogen ;  combined  with  infusorial  earth  it  forms 
dynamite.  Glonoin  is  obtained  by  adding  glycerin  to  a  mixture  of 
concentrated  nitric  and  sulfuric  acids.  It  is  extremely  poisonous, 
and  the  inhalation  of  its  vapors  causes  prostration  and  severe  aching 
in  the  head.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  425 ;  X.  534. 
Maximum  dose  -fa  grain. 

• 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Glonoin,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  2Q9 

The  preparation  of  the  tincture  should  not  be  attempted  by  any  one 
not  accustomed  to  its  manipulation,  on  account  of  the  danger  of  explo- 
sion ;  a  slight  blow  or  sudden  jerk  may  cause  a  serious  if  not  fatal 
accident.  The  tincture  and  2x  dilution  should  also  be  kept  and 
transported  in  such  an  enclosure  as  to  preclude  any  possibility  of 
breakage,  as  the  spilling  of  the  solution  and  consequent  evaporation  of 
the  alcohol  may  lead  to  an  explosion. 


GNAPHALIUM  POLYCEPHALUM.  Everlasting. 

Natural  Order. —  Composite. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Gnaphalium  conoideum,  G.  obtusifolium ; 
English,  Common  everlasting,  Indian  posey,  Indian  tobacco,  Sweet- 
scented  life-everlasting ;  French,  Immortelle;  German,  Immerschon. 

Description. —  A  fragrant  herb,  with  an  erect,  terete,  woolly  stem, 
I  to  2  feet  high,  with  numerous,  glabrous  or  pubescent  terminal 
branches.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  sessile,  lanceolate,  tapering  at 
the  base,  slightly  amplexicaul,  smoothish  above.  The  flowers  appear 
from  July  to  October  in  numerous  heads,  clustered  at  the  summit  of 
panicled  corymbose  branches ;  they  are  ovate-conical  before  expansion, 
afterwards  obovate.  The  scales  of  the  whitish  involucre  are  ovate  and 
oblong ;  the  tubular  florets  are  yellowish. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  North  America,  from  Canada  and  Wis- 
consin to  Florida  and  Texas ;  common  in  old  fields  and  woods.  Fig., 
Millspaugh,  89. 

History. —  From  gnaphalon,  soft  down.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic literature  in  1858  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Banks,  N.  A.  J.  of 
Horn.  VII.  383.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  456.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  -^ 
Gnaphalium  pol.,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  3*5  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


3<X>  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  jive  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

GNAPHALIUM  ULIGINOSUM.  Low  Cudweed. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Balsam  weed,  Life-everlasting,  Live  forever, 
Low  cudweed,  Mouse  ear,  Old  field  balsam,  Pearly  everlasting,  Sweet 
balsam,  White  balsam. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  a  woolly,  diffusely  branched, 
tufted  stem,  3  to  6  inches  high,  with  leaves  sessile,  lanceolate  or  linear, 
with  cottony  surface.  The  yellowish-brown  flowers  appear  in  small, 
terminal,  sessile,  capitate  clusters,  subtended  by  leaves. 

Habitat. —  Eastern  and  northern  United  States;  introduced  from 
Europe  ;  found  common  in  low  grounds  by  roadsides. 

History. — Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1860  by  proving 
by  Dr.  Woodbury,  Trans.  Mass.  Horn.  Soc.  II.  115.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  IV.  456.] 

Part  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -£$. 

Gnaphalium  ulig.,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  315  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  jive  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

GOSSYPIUM  HERBACEUM.  Cotton  Plant 

Natural  Order. —  Malvaceae. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  3OI 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Gossypium  album,  G.  nigrum,  Lana  gossypii ; 
English,  Cotton  plant ;  German,  Baumwolle. 

Description. —  A  biennial  herb,  having  a  cylindrical,  solid,  smooth  or 
pubescent  stem  with  numerous  glands,  varying  according  to  soil  and 
climate,  from  3  to  15  or  20  feet  high,  and  widely  spreading  branches. 
The  leaves  are  numerous,  alternate,  long-petioled,  five-lobed,  mucro- 
nate,  with  glands  similar  to  those  on  the  stem.  The  flowers  are  single, 
large,  i  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  appear  in  July  on  axillary  stalks. 

Habitat. —  East  Indies  and  Europe,  many  parts  of  Asia,  and 
America ;  found  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  between  36°  north  and 
south  latitudes.  Fig.,  Goullon,  30;  Bent,  and  Trim.  37. 

History. —  From  goz  and  gothn,  Arabic,  signifying  soft  substance. 
Used  in  medicine  as  an  external  application  only,  until  within  a  few 
years.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1851,  N.  A.  J.  of 
Horn.  I.  273.  A  short  proving  in  1869  by  Dr.  Williamson,  Hahn. 
Month.  IV.  315.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  458;  X.  538.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  inner  bark  of  the  root  and  seed. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:    Drug  strength  ^. 

Gossypium,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  600  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  437  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  five  parts  distilled 

water,  four  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :    ix  and  higher. 

GRANATUM.  Pomegranate. 

Natural  Order. —  Granateae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Punica  granatum;  English,  Pomegranate; 
French,  Grenadier;  German,  Granatum-Baum. 

Description. — A  perennial,  deciduous  shrub,  or  low  tree,  having  a 
slender  stem  18  feet  high,  with  branches  its  entire  length,  with  spiny 
ends.  The  bark  is  light-brownish-gray,  furrowed  longitudinally; 


3O2  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

shoots  and  buds,  red.  The  leaves  are  I  to  2  inches  long,  usually 
opposite,  sometimes  alternate,  lanceolate,  pointed,  entire,  shining. 
The  flowers  are  large,  scarlet,  appearing  from  June  to  September, 
solitary,  or  in  clusters  of  two  or  three,  axillary  in  the  upper  leaves. 
The  fruit  is  the  size  of  an  orange,  depressed  globose,  with  numerous 
seeds,  each  in  a  fleshy,  pink-colored,  translucent  coating. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  Asia;  found  inmost  sub-tropical  coun- 
tries. Fig.,  Winkler,  115;  Goullon,  109;  Bent,  and  Trim.  113. 

History. —  The  fruit  was  called  by  the  ancients,  malum  punicum, 
Carthaginian  apple,  as  the  tree  was  known  in  the  vicinity  of  Carthage, 
whence  the  name,  punica.  The  name  is  also  said  to  be  derived  from 
puniceus,  scarlet ;  granatum,  also,  from  the  numerous  seeds  (grana). 
The  pomegranate  has  been  known  and  prized  from  remote  antiquity. 
Parts  of  the  tree  were  known  as  medicinal,  and  also  used  among  the 
Romans  for  tanning  leather.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  literature 
in  1839  by  Dr.  Mueller,  Hygea,  X.  137.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
IV.  460.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  bark  of  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .•  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Granatum,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


GRAPHITES.  Graphite. 

Synonyms. — Latin,    Carbo   mineralis,    Cerussa  nigra,  Plumbago; 
English,  Black  lead  ;  French,  Graphite ;  German,  Reisblel 

Description. —  Is  a  blackish-gray,  lustrous,  soft,  unctuous,  odorless 
metal,  crystallizing  in  hexagonal  plates  of  a  specific  gravity  of  from 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  303 

1.8  to  2.5.  It  is  a  good  conductor  of  electricity,  and  contains  a  small, 
indefinite  amount  of  iron.  Next  to  the  diamond  it  is  the  purest 
natural  form  of  carbon.  Graphite  is  obtained  from  several  countries, 
but  is  found  in  the  greatest  purity  in  the  Borrowdale  mine  in  England. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  467. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


GRATIOLA  OFFICINALIS.  Hedge  Hyssop. 

Natural  Order. —  Scrophulariaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Centauroidis,  Digitalis  minimae ;  English, 
Hedge  hyssop ;  French,  Gratiole ;  German,  Gnadenkraut. 

Description. — A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  creeping,  scaly 
rhizome.  The  stem  is  i  foot  high.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  sessile, 
three-nerved,  lanceolate,  serrate,  smooth,  pale-green.  The  flowers  are 
whitish  or  reddish,  solitary,  axillary,  tubular,  having  yellow  hairs. 
The  plant  is  inodorous,  with  an  acrid,  bitter  taste. 

Habitat. —  Central  Europe,  North  America  and  extra-tropical 
Australia.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  215  ;  Winkler,  72;  Goullon,  180. 

History. —  From  gratia,  grace  of  God.  It  formerly  had  a  place  in 
medicine.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1829  by  Dr. 
Herrmann,  Archiv.  XVII.  2, 164.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  491.] 

Parts  Used — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -^. 
Gratiola,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


304  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


GRINDELIA  ROBUSTA.  Gum  Plant. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Grindelia  latifolia;  English,  Gum  plant,  Broad 
gum  plant,  Wild  sunflower ;  French,  Grindelia ;  German,  Grindelien- 
kraut. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  or  shrub,  with  branch- 
ing, usually  stout,  smooth,  pale  stem,  i  to  3  feet  high.  The  leaves 
are  3  to  4  inches  long,  broadly  spatulate  near  the  bottom,  and  sessile 
or  clasping  at  the  top,  more  or  less  sharply-serrate,  nearly  smooth,  or 
with  a  few  glandular  hairs,  pale-green  color,  finely  dotted,  the  upper 
surface  sometimes  covered  with  patches  of  glossy  resin.  The  yellow 
heads  have  numerous  flowers,  are  I  to  2  inches  broad,  solitary  and 
terminal,  blooming  in  May  and  continuing  several  months.  The  plant 
has  a  balsamic  odor,  and  a  pungent,  bitter,  aromatic  taste.  The 
distinction  between  this  species  and  Grindelia  squarrosa  is  not  well 
marked. 

Habitat. —  Common  along  the  Pacific  coast  of  North  America  to 
Mexico,  and  found  on  hills  and  mountains  inland. 

History. —  Named  for  Grindel,  a  German  botanist.  Mentioned  in 
homoeopathic  literature  in  1876  by  Dr.  Seward,  Horn.  Times,  IV.  124. 

Parts  Used. —  The  leaves  and  unexpanded  flower  heads. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .•  Drug  strength  jfa. 

Grindelia  robusta,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  87-7  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 


GRINDELIA  SQUARROSA.         Snake-Headed  Grindelia. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Gum  plant,  Snake-headed  grindelia. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  305 

Description. —  An  herb,  very  similar  to  the  Grindelia  robusta,  the 
characteristics  pointed  out  by  different  authorities  not  seeming  to 
hold,  the  one  species  running  into  the  other.  The  difference  in  the 
leaves,  flowers,  etc.,  is  not  constant. 

Habitat. —  The  western  coast  of  North  America,  said  to  be  very 
common  on  the  plains  and  in  valleys,  but  not  on  the  hills  and  moun- 
tains. 

History. —  Same  as  preceding  species.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic 
literature  in  1876  by  Dr.  Bundy,  Horn.  Times,  IV.  125.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  539.] 

Parts  Used. — The  leaves  and  unexpanded  flower  heads. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Grindelia  squarrosa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  877  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  2x  and  higher. 


GUACCX 

Natural  Order — Composite. 
Synonym. —  Mikania  guaco. 

Description. — An  herbaceous,  shrubby,  climbing  plant,  with  round, 
furrowed,  hairy  branches.  The  leaves  are  petioled,  ovate,  acuminate, 
shortly  narrowed  at  the  base,  dentate,  netted,  rough  above,  hairy 
beneath.  The  flowers  are  in  axillary,  corymbose,  somewhat  ternate 
heads. 

Habitat. —  Hot,  damp  places  in  South  America,  on  the  banks  of 
the  river  Magdalena. 

History. —  Named  for  Jos.  Mikan,  professor  of  botany.  Mentioned 
in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1832  by  a  correspondent  of  the  Allg. 
Horn.  Zeit.  I.  128;  a  medico-historical  sketch  by  Dr.  Dunham,  Am. 


306  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Horn.  Rev.  III.  424.     Considered  by  the  Indians  of  South  America  as 
an  antidote  for  the  bites  of  venomous  serpents. 

Part  Used. —  The  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Guaco,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


GUAIACUM  OFFICINALE.  Guaiac. 

Natural  Order.—  Zygophyllaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Lignum  guajaci,  L.  indicum,  L.  sanctum,  L. 
vitae,  Palus  sanctus ;  English,  Jamaica  guiacum,  Lignum  vitae  ;  French, 
Bois  de  gayac  (de  gaiac);  German,  Guajakholz. 

Description. — The  resin  of  an  evergreen  tree,  or  shrub,  40  to  60 
feet  high,  having  smooth  bark,  numerous  spreading  branches,  oppo- 
site, abruptly  pinnate,  smooth,  bright-green  leaves,  and  blue,  finely 
pubescent,  pedunculate  flowers,  appearing  in  February.  The  resin,  or 
gum,  is  obtained  by  spontaneous  exudation  by  incisions  in  the  trunk, 
boring  a  hole  lengthwise  through  short  pieces,  placing  one  end  in  a 
fire  and  receiving  the  melted  resin  from  the  other,  and  by  boiling 
chips  and  sawdust  and  skimming  the  material  rising  to  the  surface. 
Guaiac  is  in  pieces  of  irregular  size  and  shape,  intermixed  with  frag- 
ments of  wood  and  bark.  It  is  of  greenish  or  reddish-brown  color, 
brittle,  lustrous  fracture,  transparent  in  thin  plates,  grayish-white 
when  freshly  powdered,  becoming  green  on  exposure,  having  an  odor 
of  vanilla,  and  an  acrid  taste.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  partially  so 
in  water. 

Habitat. —  West  India  islands  and  South  America.  Fig.,  Jahr  and 
Cat.  215;  Winkler,  73;  Goullon,  49;  Bent,  and  Trim.  41. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  307 

History. —  Guaiac  is  the  South  American  name.  This  gum  was 
used  in  medicine  and  held  in  high  repute  as  early  as  the  sixteenth 
century.  It  was  first  mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1818  by 
Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L.  IV.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  515.] 

Part  Used.— The  resin. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Guaiacum,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


GUAREA  TRICHILOIDES.  Red  Wood. 

Natural  Order. —  Meliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Ash-leaved  guarea,  Ball-wood,  Red  wood. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  15  feet  high,  giving  out  a  strong 
smell  like  musk.  The  leaves  are  Jarge,  pinnate,  short-petioled,  tumid 
and  inflated.  The  white,  inconspicuous  flowers  appear  in  axillary 
clusters  in  May  and  June. 

Habitat. —  South  America  and  Cuba. 

History. —  Guara,  the  local  name  in  Cuba.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic literature  in  1840  by  Petroz,  Hygea,  XII.  473.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Mat.  IV.  512.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Guarea,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 


b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


GYMNOCLADUS  CANADENSIS.     American  Coffee  Tree. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosas. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Guilandina  dioica;  English,  American  coffee 
tree,  Chicot,  Kentucky  coffee  tree,  Kentucky  mahogany. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  tree,  growing  20  feet  high,  with  very 
rough  bark  and  few  branches,  which  when  young  appear  like  canes 
and  in  winter  as  dead,  being  destitute  of  anything  like  a  bud.  The 
leaves  are  bi-pinnate,  2  to  3  feet  long,  with  large,  partial  leafstalks, 
with  7  to  13  ovate  leaflets,  armed  with  thorns.  The  flowers  are  white, 
appearing  in  June. 

Habitat. —  Found  in  rich  woods  along  rivers  from  western  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania  to  Illinois  southward.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  53. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  gymnos,  naked,  and  klados,  a  branch. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  a  proving  by  Hering  in  1851, 
N.  A.  J.  Horn.  I.  156.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  519.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  pulp  surrounding  the  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Gymnocladus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  309 

H^MATOXYLON  CAMPECHIANUM.  Logwood. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Haematoxyli  lignum,  H.  spinosum,  Lignum 
campechianum,  L.  campescanum,  L.  coeruleum;  English,  Logwood, 
Peachwood;  French,  Bois  de  campeche,  Bois  d'Inde;  German,  Blau- 
holz,  Campecheholz. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  20  to  40  feet  high,  with  crooked 
and  deformed  trunk,  6  to  20  inches  in  diameter,  and  spreading 
branches ;  twigs  smooth,  beset  with  small  white  dots ;  wood  dark  and 
very  hard,  the  inner  bark  and  wood  red.  The  leaves  are  alternate, 
abruptly  pinnate.  The  flowers  are  small,  yellow,  slightly  fragrant, 
longer  than  the  leaves,  on  longish  pedicels  in  axillary  racemes. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Campeachy  (whence  its  specific  name)  and 
other  parts  of  tropical  America  and  West  India  islands.  Fig.,  Goullon, 
78  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  86. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  haima,  blood,  and  xylon,  wood. 
Used  chiefly  as  a  dye;  employed  in  medicine  in  1746.  Introduced 
into  homoeopathic  literature  in  1839  by  a  proving  by  Jouve,  Bib.  Horn, 
de  Genev.  L  47.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  523.] 

Part  Used. — The  heart  of  the  wood. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </> :  Drug  strength  -£$. 

Haematoxylon,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

HAMAMELIS  VIRGINICA.  Witch  Hazel. 

Natural  Order. —  Hamamelaceae. 


3IO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Hamamelis  androgyna,  H.  corylifolia,  H.  dioica, 
H.  macrophylla,  Trilopus  dentata,  T.  nigra,  T.  rotundifolia,  T.  virgin- 
iana ;  English,  Magician's  rod,  Pistachio  nut,  Striped  alder,  Snapping 
hazel-nut,  Spotted  alder,  Winter  bloom,  Witch  hazel ;  French,  Hama- 
meUis;  German,  Hamamelis,  Zauberhasel. 

Description. — A  deciduous  shrub,  5  to  15  feet  high,  and  4  inches  in 
diameter  at  the  base,  with  numerous,  long,  flexuous,  forking  branches, 
with  smooth,  brown  bark,  becoming  grayish  and  fissured  with  age. 
The  leaves,  3  to  6  inches  long,  are  obovate  or  oval,  straight-veined, 
wavy-dentate,  somewhat  downy  when  young,  becoming  smooth  with 
age.  The  flowers  are  yellow,  appearing  in  September  and  October  in 
small  axillary  heads,  usually  surrounded  by  a  scale-like,  three-leaved 
involucre. 

Habitat. —  Damp  woods  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Fig., 
Millspaugh,  58. 

History. — The  name  derived  from  hama,  with,  and  melon,  an  apple. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1851  by  a  proving  by  Dr. 
Preston,  Phil.  Journ.  of  Horn.  I.  460.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV. 
528.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  bark  of  the  root  and  twigs. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Hamamelis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


HECLA  LAVA.  Hecla  Lava. 

Description. —  Is  the  finer  ash,  which  fell  in  distant  localities  from 
Mount  Hecla.     According   to   Prof.    Morris   of   University  College, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  31 1 

London,  its  principal  constituents  are  combinations  of  silica,  alumina, 
lime,  magnesia  and  some  oxid  of  iron.  It  also  sometimes  contains 
arnarthite  and  other  minerals. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


HEDEOMA  PULEGIOIDES.  Pennyroyal. 

Natural  Order. —  Labiatae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cunila  pulegioides,  Melissa  pulegioides,  Zizi- 
phora  pulegioides ;  English,  American  pennyroyal,  Squaw  mint, 
Stinking  balm,  Tickweed;  French,  Herbe  de  pouliot  ameYicain ; 
German,  Amerikanischer  Polei. 

Description. — An  annual  herb,  with  small,  branched  root,  erect, 
quadrangular  stem,  6  to  15  inches  high,  and  opposite,  pubescent 
branches.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  petioled,  close,  strongly  veined, 
oblong-ovate,  obscurely  serrate,  smooth  above,  paler  and  dotted  with 
glands  beneath,  i  inch  long,  diminishing  in  size  toward  the  top.  The 
bluish,  pubescent  flowers  appear  from  June  to  September,  few  in 
number,  in  axillary  whorls.  The  plant  has  a  taste  and  odor  similar  to 
the  true  pennyroyal  of  Europe, —  Mentha  pulegium. 

Habitat. —  North  America;  common  in  sandy  fields,  hills  and  open 
barren  woods,  always  dry  places.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  200;  Mills- 
paugh,  1 1 8. 

History. —  The  Greek  name  for  mint.  Incidental  proving  pub- 
lished in  1854  by  Dr.  Toothaker,  Phil.  Journ.  of  Horn.  II.  655. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  543.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Hedeoma,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


312  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

HEDYSARUM  ILDEFONSIANUM.     Brazilian  Burdock. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Carapicho,  Hedysarum  desmodium. 

Description. —  An  herb,  with  stem  about  3  feet  high,  brownish, 
woody,  branched,  pubescent,  especially  at  the  upper  part.  The  leaves 
are  alternate,  pinnate,  trifoliate,  with  ovate  leaflets,  slightly  tomentous, 
petioled,  with  two  stipules.  The  flowers  are  single,  in  loose  terminal 
spikes  on  single  thread-like  peduncles. 

Habitat. —  Brazil. 

History. —  Name,  hedysarum,  is  from  two  Greek  words,  meaning 
sweet  smell.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1849  by  Dr. 
Mure,  Pathogen.  Bresilien.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  545.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Hedysarum,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

HELIANTHUS  ANNUUS.  Sunflower. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Common  sunflower,  Sun  rose;  French, 
Helianthe,  Grand  soleil ;  German,  Sonnenblume. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  513 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  an  erect,  rounded,  rough  stem, 
3  to  1 8  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  opposite  below,  alternate  above, 
petioled,  conspicuously  three-ribbed,  broadly  ovate  or  cordate,  serrate, 
rough,  5  to  10  inches  long,  4  to  8  inches  broad.  The  flowers  appear 
in  the  latter  part  of  summer,  are  from  8  to  12  inches  in  diameter,  with 
bright-yellow,  ligulate  ray  florets,  and  a  flat,  brownish  disk,  nodding 
heads,  with  long  peduncles,  gradually  thickening  into  a  funnel-form 
base  at  the  involucre. 

Habitat. —  Tropical  America,  cultivated  in  the  United  States, 
Europe  and  China.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  83. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1840  by  Drs. 
Peschier  and  Cessole,  Bib.  Horn,  de  Gen.  VI.  360.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  IV.  545.] 

Part  Used. —  The  mature  flower  heads. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  TV 
Helianthus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  ==  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


HELIOTROPIUM  PERUVTANUM.  Heliotrope. 

Natural  Order. —  Borraginaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Garden  heliotrope,  Sweet  heliotrope. 

Description. — An  evergreen,  trailing  herb,  with  a  branching, 
shrubby,  rough,  hairy  stem,  I  to  2  feet  long.  The  leaves  are  alter- 
nate, entire,  lanceolate-ovate,  rough,  and  slightly  tomentous.  The 
lilac-colored  flowers  appear  from  May  until  September,  are  symmet- 


314  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

rical  on  short  pedicels  on  one  side  of  a  spike,  which  is  rolled  up  at 
the  end  and  straightens  as  the  blossoms  expand ;  very  fragrant. 

Habitat. —  Peru,  cultivated  in  gardens. 

History. —  The  name  derived  from  helios,  the  sun,  and  trope,  twin- 
ing, the  flowers  being  said  to  turn  toward  the  sun.  Mentioned  in 
homoeopathic  literature  in  1841,  Archiv.  XIX.  I,  188.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  IV.  546.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  T^. 
Heliotropium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  too  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  3x  and  higher. 

HELLEBORUS  FCETIDUS.  Bear's  Foot 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Bear's  foot,  Setterswort,  Stinking  hellebore; 
German,  Stinkende  Uieswurzel. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  herb,  with  stem  il/2  feet  high.  The 
leaves  are  numerous,  some  of  the  lower  ones  radical,  others  short 
petioled,  pedate,  with  oblong,  linear  segments,  forming  a  large  and 
thick  tuft,  very  smooth ;  color,  deep-green.  The  flowers  appear  from 
February  to  May,  are  green,  globular,  from  the  sepals  converging  at 
their  extremities,  in  drooping,  loosely  spreading  panicles,  with  numer- 
ous bracts. 

Habitat. —  Southern  and  parts  of  central  Europe,  and  England; 
found  in  shady  places. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  helein,  to  cause  death,  and  bora, 
food.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1853  by  Cattell,  Brit. 
Journ.  of  Horn.  XI.  343.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  546.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  315 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Helleborus  fcetidus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  797  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

HELLEBORUS  NIGER.  Christmas  Rose. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Elleborum  nigrum,  Helleborus  grandiflorus, 
Melampodium,  Veratrum  nigrum ;  English,  Black  hellebore,  Christmas 
rose ;  French,  Elle"bore  noir ;  German,  Schwarze  Uieswurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  nearly  evergreen  herb,  with  cylindrical, 
brownish-black,  knotted,  brittle,  fleshy  rhizome,  I  to  3  inches  long,  ^ 
to  y2  inch  thick,  with  numerous  branches,  interlaced  with  many  stout, 
straight,  brown,  fibrous  roots.  The  leaves  are  on  long  footstalks, 
which  spring  directly  from  the  root ;  these  stalks  are  cylindrical, 
tapering,  smooth,  shining  and  pale-green,  mottled  with  red  ;  the  leaves 
are  pedate,  and  deeply  divided  into  several  nearly  separate  lobes, 
smallest  near  the  petiole,  coarsely  serrate  in  the  upper  part,  dark- 
green  above,  paler  below.  The  flowers,  appearing  in  mid-winter, 
December  to  March,  on  a  scape  shorter  than  the  petiole,  are  at  first 
pinkish-white,  becoming  greenish. 

Habitat. —  Central  and  southern  Europe;  found  in  sub-alpine 
wooded  regions,  cultivated  in  gardens.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  218; 
Flora  Horn.  I.  285 ;  Winkler,  76 ;  Goullon,  3 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  2. 

History. —  It  was  highly  esteemed  as  a  medicine  by  the  ancients, 
but  it  is  doubtful  if  the  plant  described  by  Dioscorides  is  the  same  as 
the  present  species.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1805 
by  Hahnemann,  Frag,  de  Vir.  135.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV. 
547  ;  X.  540.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 


316  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Helleborus  niger,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


HELONIAS  DIOICA.  False  Unicorn. 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Abalon  albiflorum,  Chamaelirium  carolinianum, 
C.  luteum,  Helonias  lutea,  H.  pumila,  Melanthium  densum,  M.  dioicum, 
Ophiostachys  virginica,  Veratrum  luteum ;  English,  Blazing  star, 
Colic  root,  Devil's  bit,  False  unicorn,  Starwort,  Unicorn  plant. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  having  a  thick,  light-colored, 
tuberous  root-stock,  with  many  long  roots  from  the  base  of  the  stem, 
and  fibrous  rootlets  from  its  thickest  portion.  The  stem,  i  to  3  feet 
high,  is  wand-like,  smooth  and  leafy.  The  leaves  are  alternate ;  those 
of  the  upper  stem,  small,  lanceolate  and  sessile;  those  of  the  base, 
larger,  spatulate,  tapering  into  petioles,  parallel  veined,  oblong-lanceo- 
late. The  flowers  are  white,  appearing  from  June  to  August,  in  long, 
terminal  panicles. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  the  United  States  and  Canada;  found  in 
rich  woods,  moist,  low  grounds,  western  New  England  to  Illinois  and 
southward.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  177. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  helos,  a  marsh,  in  reference  to  its 
habitat,  and  chamai,  on  the  ground,  and  leirion,  lily.  Proved  in  1868 
by  Dr.  Jones,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  VIII.  178.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
IV.  565.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  317 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Helonias,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


HEPAR  SULPHURIS  CALCAREUM. 
Hcpar  Sulfur,  Impure  Calcium  SulficL 

Chemical  Symbol. —  CaS. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Liver  of  sulfur;  French,  Foie  de  soufre  cal- 
caire;  German,  Schwefelleber. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  porous,  friable  masses,  or  a  white 
amorphous  powder,  with  the  odor  and  taste  of  sulfuretted  hydrogen. 
Is  insoluble  in  water  or  strong  alcohol ;  soluble  in  hot  hydrochloric 
acid,  with  the  evolution  of  sulfuretted  hydrogen.  With  oxalate  of 
ammonia  the  solution  gives  a  white  precipitate.  Hepar  sulfur  is  an 
impure  sulfid  of  calcium,  obtained  from  calcined  oystershells  and 
flowers  of  sulfur.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IV.  572. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

This  should  be  prepared  according  to  Hahnemann's  directions,  viz., 
by  mixing  equal  weights  of  clean  and  finely  powdered  oystershells  and 
well-mashed  flowers  of  sulfur,  placing  them  in  a  hermetically-closed 
clay  crucible,  and  keeping  the  mixture  at  a  white  heat  for  at  least  ten 
minutes.  The  product  is  to  be  cooled  and  preserved  in  glass-stoppered 
bottles,  protected  from  the  light. 


3l8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

HEPATICA  TRILOBA.  Liverwort. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Anemone  hepatica,  Hepatica  americana,  H. 
nobilis ;  English,  Early  anemone,  Kidney  liver-leaf,  Liver-leaf,  Liver- 
wort, Round-lobed  hepatica,  Trefoil;  French,  Herbe  de  hepatique ; 
German,  Edelleberkraut. 

Description. — An  evergreen,  stemless  herb,  with  a  fibrous  root.  The 
leaves  are  radical,  on  long,  slender  petioles,  with  three  ovate,  obtuse  or 
rounded  lobes,  sub-coriaceous,  light-green  and  hairy  when  young,  dark 
olive-green  and  purplish  beneath  when  old.  The  flowers,  blue, 
purplish,  or  nearly  white,  appear  from  March  to  May,  are  solitary, 
terminal,  on  long,  hairy  scapes,  circinate,  then  erect,  with  three-leaved 
involucre. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  Minnesota,  Iowa,  Missouri,  east  and 
northeast  to  the  Atlantic;  found  in  rich,  open  woods.  Fig.,  Mills- 
paugh,  2. 

History. —  The  name  is  derived  from  hepaticos,  from  a  fancied 
resemblance  to  the  lobes  of  the  liver.  Formerly  had  a  place  in  the 
U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1858 
by  Dr.  Kimball,  N.  A.  Jour,  of  Horn.  VI.  526.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  IV.  588.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  Y1^. 
Hepatica,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  350  Cc.  =  450 

Strong  alcohol,  683  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

HYDRANGEA  ARBORESCENS.  Seven  Barks, 

Natural  Order. —  Saxifragaceae. 
Synonym. — English,  Seven  barks. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  319 

Description. — A  deciduous,  perennial  shrub,  with  a  woody,  branch- 
ing root,  with  numerous  rootlets,  from  the  thickness  of  a  quill  to  that 
of  a  finger,  pale-brown  externally,  whitish  internally,  and  having  a 
sweetish,  pungent  taste.  The  stem  is  glabrous,  6  feet  high,  with 
grayish  or  light  reddish-biown  bark,  detachable  in  thin,  concentric 
layers,  whence  the  name,  seven  barks.  The  leaves  are  opposite, 
petioled,  ovate,  rarely  cordate,  nearly  glabrous,  pointed,  serrate,  green 
on  both  sides.  The  flowers  are  numerous,  greenish  or  pinkish-white, 
appearing  in  July  in  compound  cymes. 

Habitat. —  New  Jersey  to  Illinois  and  southward ;  found  on  rocky 
banks. 

History. —  Name  from  hudor,  water,  aggeion,  a  vessel.  Used  as  a 
remedy  by  the  Cherokee  Indians. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ .-  Drug  strength  ^ 
Hydrangea,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  215  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


HYDRASTINUM.  Hydrastin. 

Hydrastin. 

Chemical  Symbol — C22NH23O6;  397.2. 
Synonyms. —  English,  Hydrastia,  Hydrastine. 
An  alkaloid  of  Hydrastis  canadensis. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white  or  colorless,  shining,  four-sided 
prisms,  odorless,  and  without  taste  except  in  combination  with  some 
salt,  then  bitter  and  somewhat  acrid.  Is  insoluble  in  water,  readily 


32O  '  THE    PHARMACOPEIA   OF    THE 

soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  chloroform  and  benzol;  reaction  alkaline. 
With  the  acids  it  forms  soluble  and  bitter-tasting  salts ;  it  fuses  at 
135°  C.  Is  precipitated  from  its  saline  solutions  by  the  alkalies  and 
by  tannic  acid.  On  the  addition  of  bichromate  of  potassium,  sulfuric 
acid,  or  red-lead  oxid,  its  color  changes  to  red,  but  unlike  strychnin, 
has  no  tint  of  blue  or  violet.  This  alkaloid  is  obtained  from  the  roots 
of  Hydrastis  canadensis. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


HYDRASTIS  CANADENSIS.  Golden  Seal. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Warneria  canadensis;  English,  Eye  balm, 
Golden  seal,  Ground  raspberry,  Indian  dye,  Indian  paint,  Indian 
turn  eric,  Ohio  curcuma,  Orange  root,  Tumeric  root,  Yellow  eye  root, 
Yellow  paint,  Yellow  puccoon,  Yellow  root,  Yellow  seal ;  French, 
Sceau  d'or;  German,  Canadische  Gelbwurzel. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  having  a  thick,  knotted, 
horizontal,  bright-yellow  rhizome,  with  slender  roots  beneath.  The 
simple,  erect  stem,  6  to  12  inches  high,  is  sub-cylindrical,  with  down- 
ward-pointed hairs.  There  are  two  alternate  leaves  near  the  top,  the 
lower  petiolate,  the  upper  sessile;  sometimes  there  is  a  petiolate, 
radical  leaf;  they  are  veiny,  orbicular-cordate  at  base,  five- to  seven- 
lobed,  doubly-serrate,  and  4  to  9  inches  wide  at  the  summit.  A 
single,  small,  terminal,  erect,  greenish-white,  apetalous  flower  appears 
in  April  and  May. 

Habitat. —  Canada  and  the  United  States,  east  of  the  Mississippi ; 
found  in  rich  woodland  and  mountainous  districts.  Fig.,  Bent,  and 
Trim,  i ;  Millspaugh,  9. 

History. —  The  name  derived  from  hudor,  water,  and  drao,  to  act. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1866  by  provings  published 
in  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  III.  516.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  613.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  321 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Hydrastis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher  (from  dried  root). 


HYDROCOTYLE  ASIATICA.  Indian  Pennywort. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Hydrocotyle  nummulariodes,  H.  pallida; 
English,  Indian  pennywort,  Thick-leaved  pennywort,  Water  penny- 
wort; French,  Hydrocotyle;  German,  Wassernabel. 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  creeping  herb,  having  a  vertical  rhi- 
zome, with  long,  slender,  prostate,  smooth  branches  and  long  internodes. 
The  leaves,  crowded  at  the  nodes,  are  long,  petiolate,  sheathing  at  the 
base,  radiately-veined,  reniform,  dentate-crenate,  smooth,  thick,  dark- 
green,  depressed  in  the  center,  so  as  to  hold  a  drop  of  water,  hence 
the  name.  The  small,  pink  flowers  appear  from  July  to  October  in 
many  flowered,  axillary,  sessile  umbels. 

Habitat. — Throughout  the  tropical  regions ;  found  in  shady,  swampy 
places.  Fig.,  Goullon,  144;  Bent,  and  Trim.  117. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  hudor,  water,  cotyle,  a  cavity.  Men- 
tioned in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1857  by  proving  by  Dr.  Andouit, 
Jour.  d.  1.  Soc.  Gal.  ns.  i,  337.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  625.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  dried  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  $ :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Hydrocotyle,  100  Gm. 

^Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


322  THE   PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations  :  ix  and  higher. 


HYDROPHYLLUM  VIRGINICUM.  Waterleaf. 

Natural  Order.  —  Hydrophyllaceae. 
Synonyms.  —  English,  Burr  flowers,  Waterleaf. 

Description.  —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  creeping,  scaly- 
toothed  rhizome.  The  stem,  i  to  2  feet  high,  is  generally  simple, 
sometimes  bifurcated,  smoothish.  The  leaves  are  multi-pinnate,  with 
5  to  7  divisions,  ovate,  lanceolate,  pointed,  sharply  dentate,  the  lower 
mostly  two-parted,  the  upper  confluent.  The  flowers  are  pinkish- 
white,  appearing  from  June  to  August,  in  terminal  and  upper  axillary, 
cymose  clusters,  peduncles  forked,  and  longer  than  the  petioles  of  the 
upper  leaves. 

Habitat.  —  Indigenous  to  North  America  from  Canada  southward  to 
the  mountains  of  North  Carolina  and  northward  to  Alaska  ;  found  in 
moist,  shady  ground.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  122. 

History.  —  Name  derived  from  hudor,  water,  and  phullon,  a  leaf. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1874  by  an  incidental  proving 
by  Dr.  Hoyt,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  II.  99.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
V.  19-] 

Parts  Used.  —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>  :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Hydrophyllum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2\  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol  ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications;  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  323 

HYOSCYAMUS  NIGER.  Henbane. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hyoscyamus  agrestis,  H.  flavus,  H.  lethalis, 
H.  pallidus,  H.  vulgaris,  Jusquiami;  English,  Black  henbane,  Foetid 
nightshade,  Hogbean,  Poison  tobacco;  French,  Jusquiame;  German 
Bilsenkraut. 

Description. —  A  biennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  fusiform  root,  and 
tapering,  thick,  stiff,  cylindrical  stem,  6  inches  to  2  feet  high,  scarcely 
branched,  covered  with  long  hairs  tipped  with  a  minute  black  gland. 
The  leaves  are  alternate,  sessile,  the  upper  clasping,  oblong,  irregularly 
lobed,  sinuate-dentate,  thin,  pale-green,  hairy,  large  below,  becoming 
bracts  above.  The  nearly  sessile  flowers  are  dull-yellow,  strongly 
reticulated  with  purple  veins,  appearing  from  June  to  August  in 
axillary,  one-sided,  leafy  spikes.  The  whole  plant  is  thickly  covered 
with  closely  woven  hairs,  and  has  a  sticky,  heavy-smelling  exudation. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  Asia  and  America;  found  in  sandy  ground,  on 
roadsides  and  waste  places.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  I.  292  ;  Jahr  and  Cat. 
219;  Winkler,  75  ;  Goullon,  189;  Bent,  and  Trim.  194;  Millspaugh,  126. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  hyos,  a  hog,  and  kyamos,  a  bean. 
Its  medicinal  properties  were  known  to  the  ancients.  It  fell  into 
disuse  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century,  to  be  again  introduced  by 
Storck.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1805  by  Hahne- 
mann,  Frag.  de.  Vir.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  25  ;  X.  543.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  plant  of  the  second  year's  growth. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Hyoscyamus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  450  Cc.  =  550 

Strong  alcohol,  585  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 
v  water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 

alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


324  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

HYOSCYAMINUM  SULPHURICUM. 

Hyoscyaminum  Sulfate.  Hyoscyamin  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— (C17H23NO3)2.H2SO4  ;  674.58. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Hyoscyaminae  sulphas;  English,  Sulphate  of 
hyoscyamine ;  French,  Sulfate  d'hyoscyamine ;  German,  Hyoscyamin- 
sulfat. 

A  neutral  sulfate  of  an  alkaloid  prepared  from  Hyoscyamus. 

Description. —  A  white  powder,  sometimes  crystalline,  odorless,  with 
a  very  bitter  taste ;  deliquescent  in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  0.5  part 
of  water  and  in  2.5  parts  of  alcohol;  reaction  neutral.  Its  aqueous 
solution  gives  a  white  precipitate  with  barium  chlorid,  but  no  precipi- 
tate with  platinic  chlorid.  It  is  extracted  from  the  seeds  of  Hyoscya- 
mus niger.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  20.  A  poison. 
Maximum  dose  -fa  grain.  It  should  be  kept  in  a  well-stoppered  bottle, 
protected  from  the  light. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher ;  freshly  made. 


HYPERICUM  PERFORATUM.  St.  John's  Wort. 

Natural  Order. —  Hypericaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Fuga  daemonum,  Herba  solis,  H.  umbelicalis, 
Hypericum  officinale,  H.  pseudo  perforatum,  H.  virginicum,  H.  vul- 
gare;  English,  John's  wort,  St.  John's  wort;  French,  Millepertuis, 
Chasse-diable ;  'German,  Johanniskraut,  Hartheu. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  woody,  branch- 
ing, dark-brown  root.  The  stem,  I  foot  or  more  high,  much  branched 
and  corymbed,  producing  runners  from  the  base,  is  somewhat  two- 
edged  and  smooth.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  entire,  oblong,  punctate, 
with  numerous  scattered  pellucid  dots.  The  flowers  are  deep-yellow, 
appearing  from  June  to  September,  in  terminal,  open,  leafy  cymes. 
The  whole  plant  is  dark-green  in  color,  and  has  a  strong  balsamic  odor 
when  rubbed,  a  very  acrid  juice,  and  is  known  as  a  pernicious  weed 
difficult  to  extirpate. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  325 

Habitat. —  Europe,  northern  Africa,  a  considerable  portion  of  Asia, 
and  naturalized  in  North  America  and  other  countries ;  found  in  fields, 
groves  and  hedges.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  221  ;  Goullon,  39;  Mills- 
paugh,  30. 

History. —  Name  of  uncertain  derivation,  said  to  be  from  hyper, 
above,  and  eicon,  an  image,  the  superior  part  of  the  flower  repre- 
senting a  figure.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1837  by  a 
proving  by  Dr.  Mueller,  Hygea,  V.  484.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
V.  S3!  X.  543.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ .-  Drug  strength  ^. 
Hypericum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  780  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

IBERIS  AMARA.  Bitter  Candytuft 

Natural  Order. —  Cruciferae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Lepidium  iberis  ;  English,  Bitter  candytuft. 

Description. — An  annual  herb,  with  a  smooth,  glaucous,  branching 
stem,  i  to  2  feet  high.  The  radical  leaves  are  2  inches  long,  petiolate, 
pinnatifid,  or  deeply  serrate ;  the  stem  leaves  are  smaller,  somewhat 
grass-like,  lanceolate,  acute,  dentate.  The  minute  white  flowers  appear 
in  June  and  July  in  racemose  cymes.  The  whole  plant  has  a  pungent 
taste. 

Habitat. —  Southern  Europe  to  Siberia,  also  England. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  Iberia,  Spain.  Proved  in  1872  by 
Dr.  Hale,  U.  S.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.  VII.  295.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  V.  60.] 

Part  Used. —  The  seeds. 


326  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Iberis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  100  Cc.  =  200 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;    3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


IGNATIA  AMARA,  St.  Ignatius'  Bean. 

Natural  Order. —  Loganiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Faba  febrifuga,  F.  indica,  F.  sancti  ignatii, 
Ignatiana  philippinica,  Pasaqueria  longiflora,  Strychnos  ignatii,  S. 
philippensis ;  English,  St.  Ignatius'  bean ;  French,  Feve  de  Saint 
Ignace;  German,  Ignazbohne. 

Description. — A  shrub,  or  tree,  with  erect  stem,  and  long,  twining, 
opposite,  glabrous  branches.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  petiolate,  ovate, 
acute,  6  to  8  inches  long.  The  flowers  are  white,  long,  numerous,  in 
small,  axillary  panicles,  having  the  odor  of  jasmine.  The  fruit  is  pear- 
shaped,  with  the  seeds  imbedded  in  a  bitter  pulp,  20  to  24  in  number, 
somewhat  the  shape  of  an  almond,  but  irregular,  apparently  from 
compression  while  soft,  blackish-gray  or  clear-brown  in  color,  with  a 
brownish,  horny,  translucent  shell,  very  hard  and  difficult  to  split, 
appearing  glabrous,  but  having  fine  down,  odorous,  with  a  lasting, 
bitter  taste. 

Habitat. —  Philippine  Islands,  naturalized  in  China.  Fig.,  Flora 
Horn.  II.  i ;  Winkler,  125;  Bent,  and  Trim.  179. 

History. —  Named  for  the  founder  of  their  order  by  the  Jesuits,  who 
introduced  the  seeds  into  Europe  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth 
century  from  the  Philippine  Islands,  where  they  were  worn  by  the 
natives  as  amulets.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Hahne- 
mann  in  1805,  Frag.  de.  Vir.  Med.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  66.] 

Part  Used.— The  bean. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  327 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Ignatia,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  150  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  870  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


ILEX  OPACA.  American  Holly. 

Natural  Order. —  Aquifoliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ageria  opaca,  Ilex  aquifolium,  I.  canadensis,  I. 
laxiflora,  I.  quercifolia;  English,  American  holly;  German,  Stech- 
palme. 

Description. —  A  tall  shrub,  or  tree,  20  to  40  feet  high,  having  a 
rich,  shining,  perennial  green  foliage.  The  evergreen,  coriaceous 
leaves  are  petiolate,  oval,  acute,  about  2  inches  long,  with  rigid,  sharp 
spines  along  the  toothed  margin ;  they  are  odorless,  and  bitterish  in 
taste.  The  loosely  clustered  flowers  appear  in  June,  along  the  base 
of  the  young  branches.  The  berries  are  less  red,  and  the  nutlets  less 
veiny  than  in  the  European  holly. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  Maine  to  Pennsylvania,  in  moist  wood- 
lands near  the  coast,  and  from  Virginia  southward. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1871  by  Dr. 
Hendrichs,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  83,  129. 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves  and  berries. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Ilex  opaca,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


328  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

b.  Dihitions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


ILEX  PARAGUAYENSIS.  Paraguay  Tea. 

Natural  Order. —  Ilicineae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ilex  mate,  I.  paraguensis,  Mate,  Psorulea 
glandulosa;  English,  Jesuit's  tea,  Paraguay  tea,  St.  Bartholomew's  tea. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  30  feet  high,  with  leaves  oblong 
or  lanceolate,  obtuse,  remotely  serrate.  The  flowers  are  white, 
pedunculate,  in  axillary  cymes. 

Habitat. —  Brazil  and  the  Argentine  Republic. 

History. —  Extensively  used  as  a  beverage  in  parts  of  South 
America ;  drunk  from  a  kind  of  teapot  called  mate".  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  VI.  173.] 

Part  Used. —  The  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Ilex  paraguay  en  sis,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

ILLICIUM  ANISATUM.  Star  Anise. 

Natural  Order. —  Magnoliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Anisum  canadensis,  A.  chinensis,  A.  indicum, 
A.  stellatum,  Cymbostemon  parviflorus,  Illicium  japonicum,  I.  parvi- 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  32Q 

florum,  I.  religiosum,  I.  verum,  Semen  badiana ;  English,  Sacred  anise 
tree,  Star  anise ;  FrencJi,  Anise  e'toile' ;  German,  Stern-Anis. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  shrub,  or  small  tree,  10  to  30  feet  high, 
much  branched.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  crowded,  petioled,  entire, 
lanceolate,  smooth,  shining,  thick,  and  with  minute  pellucid  dots. 
The  greenish-yellow  flowers  appear  from  January  to  April,  and  some- 
times again  in  the  autumn.  The  solitary  seeds  in  boat-shaped  carpels 
of  eight  divisions,  at  first  upright,  then  spreading  into  a  radiate  whorl, 
are  ovate,  compressed  and  shining.  They  have  an  aromatic  taste  and 
smell  like  fennel. 

Habitat. —  China,  and  introduced  into  Japan.  Fig.,  Winkler,  79; 
Goullon,  6 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  10. 

History. —  Known  as  early  as  the  tenth  century,  and  although 
having  many  synonyms  it  is  doubtful  if  star  anise  is  the  product  of  all. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1838  by  a  proving  by  Dr. 
Franz,  Archiv.  XVII.  3,  175.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  91.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Illicium  anisatum,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


INDIGO.  Indigo. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminoseae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Color  indicus,  Indicum,  Indigofera  argentea,  I. 
anil,  I.  glauca,  I.  indica,  I.  tinctoria,  Pigmentum  indicum ;  English, 
French  and  German,  Indigo. 

Description. —  A  dye,  obtained  from  several  species  of  indigofera 
and  other  plants.  The  former,  and  chief  source,  is  an  annual,  some- 
times perennial,  herb  or  shrub,  3  to  4  feet  high,  straight  branched, 


33O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

downy  stem,  with  alternate  pinnate  leaves,  3  to  4  inches  long,  having 
purplish,  bluish,  axillary,  racemose  flowers.  It  is  met  with  in  hard, 
brittle,  odorless,  tasteless  lumps, — the  result  of  fermentation, —  at  first 
green-colored,  becoming  insoluble  and  intensely  blue  by  oxidation  in 
the  air,  and  having  a  coppery  luster  when  rubbed  by  a  smooth  body. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  the  East  Indies  and  Asia,  naturalized  in 
the  United  States.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  223;  Winkler,  80;  Bent,  and 
Trim.  72. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1832  by  a 
proving  by  Hartlaub  and  Trinks,  Annal.  d.  Horn.  kl.  III.  329.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  92.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  substance. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Trituration s :  ix  and  higher. 


INDIUM  METALLICUM.  Indium. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  In;  113.6. 

Description. —  Is  a  silvery-gray,  lustrous,  malleable  and  ductile 
metal,  softer  than  lead.  It  is  unchanged  by  air  at  the  ordinary  tem- 
peratures. Is  soluble  in  dilute  acids,  with  the  evolution  of  hydrogen 
and  the  formation  of  salts.  From  its  solution  with  hydrochloric  acid 
a  deliquescent  chlorid  is  obtained ;  dissolved  with  this  it  is  precipitated 
as  a  hydrate  by  ammonia  and  potash,  being  insoluble  in  an  excess  of 
either  reagent.  When  strongly  heated  in  air  it  burns  with  a  blue- 
violet  flame  and  brownish  fumes.  Its  salts  color  flame  blue-violet. 
Heated  it  combines  directly  with  chlorin,  bromin,  iodin  and  sulfur. 
It  leaves  a  lead-like  mark  when  rubbed  on  paper.  Indium  belongs  to 
the  iron  group,  is  obtained  from  zinc,  and  was  discovered  by  Reich 
and  Richter  in  the  zinc-blende  of  Freiburg.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  X.  550. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  331 

INULA  HELENIUM.  Elecampane. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Corvisartia  helenium,  Enula  campana;  English, 
Elecampane,  Scabwort ;  French,  Aune'e  commune  (officinale)  ;  German, 
Helenenwurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  branching,  mucilaginous, 
aromatic,  bitter,  more  or  less  tap-shaped  root,  6  inches  long,  I  to  2 
inches  thick,  with  rough,  flaky,  thick  bark.  The  round,  furrowed, 
solid,  branching  stem  is  3  to  5  feet  high  and  downy  above.  The 
leaves  are  alternate,  those  from  the  root  ovate,  petioled,  the  others 
partly  clasping,  green  above,  woolly  beneath,  18  inches  long,  4  to  6 
inches  broad.  The  yellow  flowers  appear  in  August,  in  large,  terminal, 
solitary  or  corymbose  heads,  on  long,  axillary  peduncles,  which  some- 
times have  small  leaves  midway  in  their  length. 

Habitat. —  Naturalized  from  Europe,  grows  spontaneously  in  the 
United  States  ;  found  in  damp  places  and  along  roadsides,  escaped  from 
gardens.  Fig.,  Goullon,  141  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  150;  Millspaugh,  81. 

History. —  The  common  name,  a  corruption  of  Enula-campana ;  the 
derivation  of  botanical  name,  uncertain.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  in  1860  by  an  incidental  proving  by  Dr.  Bayard,  Trans. 
Am.  Inst.  Horn.  1860,  58.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  112;  X. 
550.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J> ;  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Inula  helenium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  874  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

IODIUM.  lodin. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  I;  126.53. 


332  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  lodum,  lodinium,  Jodium;  French,  lode; 
German,  Jod. 

A  non-metallic  element. 

Description. —  As  described  by  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  iodin  con- 
sists of  "  heavy,  bluish-black,  dry  and  friable  rhombic  plates,  having  a 
metallic  luster,  a  distinctive  odor,  and  a  sharp,  acrid  taste."  It  volati- 
lizes at  ordinary  temperatures.  Is  soluble  in  from  5,000  to  7,000  parts 
of  water  and  in  10  parts  of  alcohol  at  15°  C. ;  freely  soluble  in  ether, 
chloroform,  carbon  disulfid  and  benzol,  also  in  aqueous  solutions  of 
iodids;  specific  gravity,  4.95.  It  fuses  near  115°  C.,  congeals  at 
113.6°  C.,  and  boils  at  from  175°  to  250°  C.  Its  vapor  corrodes  the 
skin  and  mucous  membranes,  and  colors  skin  or  paper  with  a  red  to 
dark-brown,  fleeting  stain.  Iodin  vapor  is  the  heaviest  known,  being 
8.72  times  as  heavy  as  air.  This  element  imparts  a  blue  color  to 
starch-paste,  and  even  ^OTTO-SIT  Part  mav  tnus  ^>e  recognized.  Iodin  is  a 
non-metallic  substance,  obtained  chiefly  from  the  ashes  of  sea-weeds, 
also  from  the  mother-liquor  of  Chilian  sodium  nitrate.  Iodin  should 
be  kept  in  ground-stoppered  bottles,  and  in  a  cool  place.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  119;  X.  551. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Iodin,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  icoo  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher;  for  immediate  use  only. 


IPECACUANHA.  Ipecac. 

Natural  Order. —  Rubiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Callicocca  ipecacuanha,  Cephaelis  emetica,  C. 
ipecacuanha,  H ipecacuanha,  H.  brasilienses,  H.  dysenterica,  Ipeca- 
cuanha fusca,  I.  officinalis,  Psychotria  ipecacuanha^  English,  Brown 
ipecac ;  French,  Ipecacuanha ;  German,  Brechwurzel. 

Description. —  A  half-shrubby,  perennial  plant,  with  several  spread- 
ing, twisting  roots,  about  the  size  of  a  goose  quill,  simple,  or  somewhat 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  333 

branched,  descending  obliquely  into  the  ground.  The  stem,  2  or  3 
feet  long,  partly  under  ground,  rooting  easily,  is  smooth  and  gray  at 
the  base,  pubescent  and  green  above.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  petio- 
late,  obovate,  acute,  entire,  blackish-green,  somewhat  rough  above, 
pale,  downy  and  veined  beneath,  3  to  4  inches  long,  I  to  2  inches 
broad,  with  large  stipules.  The  flowers  are  very  small,  white,  sessile, 
10  to  20  in  a  dense  head,  on  an  axillary,  but  apparently  terminal, 
peduncle,  surrounded  by  an  involucre  of  four  bracts.  The  dried  root, 
as  met  with,  is  l/b  to  ^  inch  thick,  composed  of  a  thread-like  center 
wholly  or  partially  encircled  with  knotty  ridges,  also  wrinkled  length- 
wise. It  is  brittle,  externally  brown,  internally  whitish-gray  and 
somewhat  resinous,  or  waxy. 

Habitat.— Brazil  and  the  upper  part  of  South  America;  growing 
abundantly  in  hot,  moist  forests.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  8 ;  Jahr  and 
Cat.  225;  Winkler,  58;  Goullon,  134;  Bent,  and  Trim.  145. 

History. —  The  name,  signifying  vomit-root  in  the  vernacular,  is 
given  to  various  roots,  and  although  described  in  1648,  the  source  of 
the  Cephaelis  ipecacuanha  was  not  known  till  1800.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  by  Hahnemann  in  1805,  Frag.  de.  Vir.  Med. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  137;  X.  551.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  T^. 

Ipecacuanha,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  I  x  and  higher. 


IRIDIUM  METALLICUM,  Indium. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Ir;  192.5. 

A  rare  metal  found  in  the  Uralian  ores  of  platinum. 


334  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white,  brittle  metal,  difficultly  fusible 
in  a  powerful  oxy-hydrogen  flame.  When  completely  fused  it  is 
obtained  as  a  white,  lustrous,  compact  mass,  looking  like  polished 
steel,  rather  malleable  at  a  red  heat,  brittle  when  cold  ;  specific  gravity 
of  porous  iridium  varies  from  16  to  19.  This  metal  is  harder  than 
iron.  When  strongly  heated  it  remains  insoluble  in  all  acids,  but 
becomes  soluble  on  being  fused  with  niter  and  caustic  potash.  Com- 
pact iridium  is  not  oxydised  when  heated  in  oxygen,  but  black  iridium 
changes  to  Ir2O3,  and  again  decomposes  at  1,000°  C.  It  is  prepared 
from  osm-iridium  and  platin-iridium,  the  residue  obtained  from  heating 
platinum  ore  with  aqua  regia,  and  should  be  kept  in  ground-stoppered 
bottles  in  a  cool  place. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


IRIS  VERSICOLOR.  Blue  Flag. 

Natural  Order. —  Iridaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Blue  flag,  Flag  lily,  Liver  lily;  French, 
Glateul  bleu;  German,  Amerikanischer  Schwertlilie. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  creeping,  more  or  less  tuber- 
ous rhizome,  with  2  to  4  lateral  branches,  the  under  surface  beset 
with  fibrous  rootlets.  The  stem  is  leafy,  I  to  3  feet  high,  stout  and 
angular  on  one  side.  The  leaves  are  erect,  sword-shaped,  or  grassy, 
equitant,  3  to  4  inches  wide,  i  to  i^  feet  long.  The  violet-blue 
flowers,  variegated,  with  greenish,  yellowish,  or  white  and  purple 
veins,  are  short  peduncled,  2.y2  to  3  inches  long,  2  to  6  on  each  plant, 
and  appear  in  May  and  June  from  a  spathe,  with  2  or  more  leaves,  or 
bracts. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  northern  Africa,  northern  India,  general  in  the 
United  States;  found  in  wet  places.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  173. 

History. —  Name  from  iris,  rainbow.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic 
literature  in  1851  by  Dr.  Kitchen,  N.  A.  Jour.  Horn.  I.  461.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  153  ;  X.  552.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  335 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  ^ 

Iris  versicolor,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol;   3x   and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


JACARANDA  CAROBA.  Caroba  Bark. 

Natural  Order. —  Bignoniaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Bignonia  caroba;  English,  Caroba  bark; 
German,  Carobablatter. 

Description. — A  tree,  20  to  30  feet  high,  with  white  wood,  and 
opposite,  abruptly  bi-pinnate  leaves,  with  large  white  flowers,  appear- 
ing in  September  in  terminal  panicles. 

Habitat. —  Brazil ;  common  in  gardens  and  on  plantations. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1849  by  Dr. 
Mure,  Pathogen.  Bresil.  279.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  176.] 

Part  Used. —  The  flowers. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Jacaranda,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


JALAPA.  Jalap. 

Natural  Order  —  Convolvulaceae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Chelapa,  Convolvulus  jalapa,  C.  purga,  Exo- 
gonium  purga,  Gialappa,  Ipomoea  jalapa,  I.  purga,  I.  schiedeana, 
Mechoacanna  nigra;  English,  Jalap,  Jalap  root;  French,  Jalap; 
German,  Jalape,  Jalapenknollen. 

Description.  —  A  deciduous,  perennial  vine,  with  a  tuberous,  fleshy, 
nearly  globular  root,  becoming  fibrous  and  tapering  below.  The 
stem,  over  12  feet  long,  moderately  branched,  is  warted  and  smooth, 
brownish,  twisted  and  furrowed.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  thick, 
petiolate,  entire,  cordate,  ovate,  smooth,  pale,  and  veiny  beneath,  4  or 
5  inches  long.  The  numerous,  purplish-pink  flowers  appear  from 
August  to  September,  on  long,  wiry,  twisted  peduncles,  in  axillary 
cymes.  The  dried  root  is  met  with  either  whole,  split  in  two,  or  trans- 
versely sliced.  The  entire  root,  which  is  preferable,  is  irregularly 
globular,  ovate,  or  pear-shaped,  heavy,  compact,  brittle,  externally 
brown  and  wrinkled,  internally  grayish,  of  a  rather  nauseous  odor, 
and  a  sweetish,  acrid  taste. 

Habitat.  —  Mexico,  Florida  and  the  Carolinas,  and  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  Mexican  Andes.  Fig.,  Winkler,  77-81  ;  Jahr  and  Cat. 
227;  Goullon,  177-178;  Bent,  and  Trim.  186. 

History.  —  Name  derived  from  the  city  of  Jalapa.  Mentioned  in 
homoeopathic  literature  in  1843  by  Noack  and  Trinks,  Handbuch  d. 
Horn.  M.  L.,  I.  86  1.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  181.] 

Part  Used.  —  The  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Jalapa,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations  :   ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  337 

JATROPHA  CURCAS.  Physic  Nut, 

Natural  Order — Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Castiglionia  lobata,  Curcas  purgans,  Ficus 
infernalis,  Nux  cathartica  americana,  Ricinus  americanus,  R.  majoris; 
English,  Angular-leaved  physic  nut,  Barbadoes  nut,  Purging  nut ; 
French,  Pignon  d'Inde  (des  Barbades) ;  German,  Purginuss,  Schwarze 
Brechnuss. 

Description. —  A  smooth  barked,  light  ash-colored,  evergreen  shrub, 
attaining  a  height  of  20  feet.  The  leaves,  alternate,  crowded  at  the 
apex  of  the  branches,  are  three-  to  four-lobed,  cordate,  entire,  smooth, 
6  to  1 8  inches  long,  including  petioles.  The  flowers  are  small,  greenish- 
yellow,  in  stalked  cymes.  The  fruit  is  globular  and  fleshy,  size  of  a 
filbert,  black  when  ripe,  containing  3  seeds  in  distinct  cells. 

Habitat. —  India  and  tropical  America ;  found  also  in  all  tropical 
countries,  where  it  is  cultivated  for  the  seeds.  Fig.,  Winkler,  82. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  iatron,  a  remedy,  and  phago,  to  eat. 
Mentioned  by  Dr.  Hering  in  1833,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  II.  24.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  182  ;  X.  554.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  </> ;  Drug  strength  ^. 

Jatropha,  zoo  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  icoo  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 


JUGLANS  CINEREA.  Butter  Nut. 

Natural  Order.— Juglandaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,   Juglans    cathartica,    J.    oblongata;    English, 
Butter  nut,  Lemon  walnut,  Oil  nut,  White  walnut. 


338  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  deciduous  tree,  30  to  50  feet  high,  with  gray  bark, 
widely  spreading  branches,  the  young  twigs  downy  and  clammy.  The 
leaves  are  alternate,  odd-pinnate,  with  serrate  leaflets,  oblong,  lanceo- 
late, rounded  and  pointed,  downy,  especially  underneath.  The  flowers 
appear  in  April  and  May ;  the  barren,  hanging  in  catkins  from  the 
sides  of  the  last  year's  fruit ;  the  fertile  ones,  in  short  spikes  at  the  ends 
of  the  new  shoots,  are  sessile,  pubescent  and  viscid.  The  fruit  ripens 
in  September,  the  nut  deeply  cut  and  rough,  with  ragged  edges,  two- 
celled  at  the  base,  very  oily. 

Habitat. —  United  States;  found  in  rich  woods.  Fig.,  Bent,  and 
Trim.  247. 

History. —  From  Jovas  and  glans,  nut  of  Jove.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1852.  Proving  of  Dr.  Paine,  Hale's  New 
Rem.  2d  ed.  621.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  193;  X.  554.] 

Part  Used. — The  inner  bark  of  root  and  branches. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  T^. 

Juglans  cinerea,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  1 50  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  780  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


JUGLANS  REGIA.  English  Walnut 

Natural  Order. —  Juglandaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Nux  juglans;  English,  Common  English 
walnut,  English  walnut,  European  walnut ;  French,  Noix  commune. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  tree,  50  feet  high,  with  branches 
smooth,  angular,  and  somewhat  speckled.  The  leaves  are  alternate, 
pinnate,  with  about  9  leaflets,  oval,  sub-serrate,  smooth,  nearly  equal 
sized.  The  flowers  appear  in  April  and  May,  the  male  flowers  in 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  339 

catkins,  the  female  flowers  on  peduncles  on  the  ends  of  branches. 
The  smooth,  globose  fruit  has  a  fibrous,  fleshy,  indehiscent  epicarp, 
and  a  rough,  irregularly-furrowed  shell,  or  endocarp.  The  green 
pericarp  and  leaves  have  a  peculiar  odor,  and  a  somewhat  astringent 
and  bitter  taste. 

Habitat —  India  to  Persia,  and  temperate  Europe.    Fig.,  Goullon,  27. 

History. —  Used  as  a  medicine  since  the  time  of  Hippocrates;  at 
one  time  a  popular  domestic  remedy.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1845  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Mueller,  Hygea,  XXII.  70. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  197.] 

Parts  Used. — The  leaves  and  green,  unripe  fruit. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $  :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Juglans  regia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  470  Cc. 

.  To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  five  parts  distilled 

water,  four  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


JUNCUS  EFFUSUS,  Rush. 

Natural  Order. — Juncaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Juncus  communis,  J.  lavis;  English,  Bulrush, 
Common  rush,  Soft  rush ;  French,  Jonc  commune. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  grass-like  plant,  2  to  3  feet  high,  with  a 
matted,  running,  short  rhizome,  bearing  thick  tufts  of  stems.  The 
pliant,  erect,  cylindrical  scape  contains  a  soft,  spongy  pith,  and  is 
furnished  at  the  base  with  short  leaflets,  or  leaf-bearing  sheaths.  The 
numerous,  small,  greenish  flowers,  appearing  in  June  and  July  in  a 
sessile,  spreading  panicle,  which  protrudes  from  the  side  of  the  scape, 
about  half-way  up,  have  lanceolate  sepals  and  three  white  anthers  as 
long  as  filaments.  The  yellowish  seeds  are  about  ^  inch  long. 


34O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Habitat. —  Marshy  grounds  everywhere  in  the  temperate  and  arctic 
zones. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  jungo,  to  join;  ropes  were  first 
made  of  rushes.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1841  by  a 
proving  by  Wahle,  Archiv.  XIX.  2,  183.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
V.  204.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Juncus  effusus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  ow  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


JUNIPERUS  VIRGINIANA.  Red  Cedar, 

Natural  Order. —  Coniferae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Red  cedar;  French,  Cedre  de  Virginie; 
German,  Virginische  Ceder,  Rothe  Ceder. 

Description. — A  straight,  evergreen  tree,  30  to  90  feet  high,  with 
many  horizontal  branches  ;  its  surface  disfigured  by  minute-knots  and 
twigs,  covered  with  densely  imbricated  leaves,  increasing  in  size  as 
the  branches  grow,  until  they  become  broken  up  and  confounded  with 
the  rough  bark.  The  wood  is  durable,  compact,  reddish  and  odorous. 
The  leaves  are  fleshy,  ovate,  concave,  rigidly  acute,  with  a  small  gland 
on  the  middle  of  their  outer  side,  growing  in  pairs,  and  uniting  at  the 
base,  and  to  pairs  above  and  below.  The  flowers,  in  April  and  May, 
are  in  smooth,  oblong  aments.  This  tree  yields  small,  bluish  berries, 
covered  with  a  white  powder. 

Habitat. —  Canada  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  westward  to  Texas, 
Nevada  to  British  Columbia;  growing  in  dry,  rocky  places. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  34! 

History. —  Incidental  proving  reported  by  Dr.  Allen,  Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  V.  207  ;  X.  554. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  twigs. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Juniperus  virgin iana,  moist  magma  containing  solids  lOoGm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  874  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

KALI  ACETICUM.  Potassium  Acetate. 

Kali  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  KC2H3O2 ;  97.89. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  acetas,  Potassae  acetas,  Acetas  potas- 
sicus,  s.  kalicus,  Terra  foliata  tartari ;  English,  Acetate  of  potash, 
Potassic  acetate,  Diuretic  salt;  French,  Acetate  de  potasse;  German, 
Kaliumacetat,  Essigsaures  kali. 

Description.— Consists  of  a  snow-white  powder,  or  of  crystalline 
masses,  of  a  pearly  appearance,  odorless,  and  having  a  strong  saline 
taste.  It  is  markedly  deliquescent.  Is  soluble  in  0.36  parts  of  water 
at  15°  C.  and  in  1.9  parts  of  alcohol;  it  fuses  at  280°  C. ;  is  decom- 
posed at  a  higher  temperature,  emitting  acid  vapors  and  leaving  a 
residue  of  potassium  carbonate.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  crystal- 
line precipitate  with  acid  potassium  tartrate,  and  a  deep-red  coloration 
with  a  few  drops  of  a  solution  of  ferric  chlorid.  Heated  with  sulfuric 
acid,  vapors  of  acetic  acid  are  given  off.  It  is  prepared  from  potassium 
carbonate  and  acetic  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  210. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution:  -fa  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Diltttions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water. 
All  preparations  of  this  salt  should  be  freshly  made. 


342  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

KALI  ARSENICOSUM.  Potassium  Arsenite. 

Kali  Arsenite. 

Chemical  Symbol.— HK2AsO3. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  arsenitis,  Potassii  arsenis,  Kali  arsenio- 
sum  ;  English,  Arsenite  of  potassium. 

Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  22  ;  X.  555. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f>:  -j-j^. 

Arsenious  acid,  fine  powder,  10  Gm. 

Potassium  bicarbonate,  20  Gm. 

Alcohol,  50  Cc. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

Dissolve  the  arsenious  acid  and  potassium  bicarbonate  in  one 
hundred  (100)  cubic  centimeters  of  distilled  water  by  boiling;  after 
the  liquid  has  cooled,  add  sufficient  distilled  water  to  make  the  solution 
equal  nine  hundred  and  fifty  (950)  cubic  centimeters ;  then  add  fifty 
(50)  cubic  centimeters  of  alcohol,  and  filter.  This  may  be  regarded 
as  the  2x,  y^j-  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

KALI  BICHROMICUM,  Potassium  Dichromate. 

Kali  Bichromate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  K2Cr2O7 ;  293.78. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  bichromas,  Potassae  bichromas,  Kalium 
dichromicum,  Bichromas  kalicus,  Kali  chromicum  rubrum  ;  English, 
Bichromate  of  potassium,  Potassic  dichromate,  Red  chromate  of 
potash,  Bichromate  of  potash  ;  French,  Bichromate  de  potasse ;  German, 
Kaliumdichromat,  Doppeltchromsaures  Kali. 

Description. — Consists  of  large,  anhydrous,  orange-red,  tabular 
crystals,  without  odor,  and  of  a  bitter,  metallic  taste;  permanent  in 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  343 

air.  Soluble  in  10  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  insoluble  in  alcohol. 
Exposed  to  heat  the  crystals  melt  below  redness  and  are  converted 
into  powder ;  at  a  red  heat  they  are  decomposed  into  oxygen,  chromic 
oxid  and  potassium  chromate.  The  aqueous  solution  has  an  acid 
reaction,  gives  a  yellow  precipitate  with  plumbic  acetate,  and  a  red 
precipitate  with  argentic  nitrate.  Heated  with  concentrated  sulfuric 
acid  and  alcohol  the  liquid  acquires  a  deep-green  coloration.  This 
salt  is  prepared  from  chrome  iron  ore.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, V.  213 ;  X.  556.  Maximum  dose  y»,  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 

b.  Solution :  ^,  with  distilled  water ;  freshly  made. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water;  freshly  made. 
All  preparations  of  this  salt  should  be  kept  but  a  limited  time. 


KALI  BROMATUM.  Potassium  Bromid. 

Kali  Bromid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  KBr ;  1 18.79. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  bromidum,  Kalium  bromatum,  Bro- 
muretum  potassicum,  s.  kalicum;  English,  Bromide  of  potassium, 
Potassic  bromide ;  French,  Bromure  de  potassium ;  German,  Brom- 
kalium,  Kaliumbromid. 

Description. —  Consists  of  anhydrous,  translucent,  colorless,  odorless 
crystals,  having  a  strong  saline  and  metallic  taste ;  permanent  in  air. 
Soluble  in  1.6  parts  of  water  at  ordinary  temperature,  and  in  200  parts 
of  alcohol.  By  the  action  of  a  white  heat  it  is  volatilized  without 
decomposition.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  white  precipitate  with 
acid  sodium  tartrate.  With  chlorin  water,  bromin  is  set  free  and  can 
be  dissolved  in  chloroform  or  carbon  disulfid  with  a  reddish  coloration. 
Argentic  nitrate  produces  a  yellowish-white  precipitate  of  argentic 
bromid,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid,  but  soluble  in  ammonium  hydrate.  It 
is  prepared  from  potassium  carbonate  and  bromin.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  264;  X.  557. 


344  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <f> :  TL,  with  distilled  water ;  freshly  made. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x,  with  dilute  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dis- 

pensing alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 

KALI  CARBONICUM.  Potassium  Carbonate. 

Kali  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol. — K2CO3 ;  137.91. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  carbonas,  Potassae  carbonae,  Kalium 
carbonicum  (purum,  s.  e  tartaro),  Carbonas  potassicus,  s.  kalicus, 
Potassii  carbonas  purus,  Sal  tartari ;  English,  Carbonate  of  potassium, 
Potassic  carbonate;  French,  Carbonate  de  potasse;  German,  Kalium- 
carbonat,  Kohlensaures  Kali. 

Description. —  A  white,  deliquescent,  odorless,  granular  powder, 
having  a  strong  alkaline  taste.  Soluble  in  I  part  of  water  at  15°  C., 
insoluble  in  alcohol.  It  dissolves  in  dilute  acids,  with  a  production  of 
carbon  dioxid  ;  is  unchanged  by  heat.  Its  aqueous  solutions  are  alka- 
line, and  give  a  white,  granular  precipitate  with  an  excess  of  tartaric 
acid.  It  gives  to  the  flame  a  violet  coloration.  It  is  obtained  from 
the  ashes  of  plants.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  281  ; 
X.  558. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 

KALI  CAUSTICUM.  Potassium  Hydrate. 

Kali  Caustic. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  KOH  ;  55.99. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassa,  Potassii  hydras,  Potassae  hydras, 
Potassa  caustica,  Kali  purum,  Kali  causticum  fusum,  Kali  hydricum 
fusum,  Oxydum  potassicum,  Lapis  causticus  chirurgorum;  English, 
Hydrate  of  potassium,  Potassic  hydrate,  Caustic  potash,  Hydrate  of 
potassa  ;  French,  Potasse  caustique ;  German,  Aetzkali,  Kalium-Hydrat. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  345 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  hard,  opaque  masses,  showing  a 
crystalline  texture  when  broken,  odorless  and  caustic,  extremely 
deliquescent.  Exposed  to  air  it  absorbs  water  and  carbon  dioxid. 
Freely  soluble  at  15°  C.  in  0.5  part  water,  or  in  2  parts  of  alcohol. 
Heated  at  530°  C.  it  melts  to  a  clear  liquid,  and  at  a  bright-red  heat  is 
volatilized  without  decomposition;  it  gives  the  flame  a  violet  color. 
Its  aqueous  solution  has  a  soapy  feel.  It  forms  precipitates  with  most 
of  the  metallic  salts.  Boiled  with  organic  matter  containing  nitrogen 
it  emits  ammonia  gas ;  saturated  with  hydrochloric  acid  and  treated 
with  platinic  chlorid,  a  yellow  precipitate  is  obtained,  and  with  tartaric 
acid  it  gives  a  colorless  crystalline  percipitate.  It  is  obtained  from 
potassium  carbonate  and  calcium  hydrate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <$>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Kali  causticum,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  solution. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


KALI  CHLORICUM.  Potassium  Chlorate. 

Kali  Chlorate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— KC1O3 ;  122.28. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  chloras,  Potassae  chloras,  Kalium 
chloricum,  Kali  oxymuriaticum,  Kali  muriaticum  oxygenatum,  Chloras 
potassicus,  s.  kalicus ;  English,  Chlorate  of  potassium,  Potassic 
chlorate,  Chlorate  of  potash,  Hyperoxymuriate  of  potassa;  French, 
Chlorate  de  potasse ;  German,  Kaliumchlorat,  Chlorsaures  Kali. 

Description. —  Colorless,  transparent,  odorless,  rhomboidal  prisms, 
having  a  cooling,  saline  taste.  Anhydrous  and  permanent  in  air.  It 
deflagrates  when  thrown  upon  burning  charcoal,  and  may  produce 
explosions  when  triturated  carelessly  with  sulfur  and  organic  sub- 
stances, such  as  charcoal,  sugar,  etc.  It  is  soluble  in  16.7  parts  of 
water  at  15°  C. ;  insoluble  in  absolute  alcohol.  It  is  decomposed  by 
heat  into  oxygen  and  potassium  chlorid.  Its  concentrated  aqueous 


346  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OE    THE 

solution  gives  with  tartaric  acid  a  colorless,  crystalline  precipitate; 
with  concentrated  sulfuric  acid  it  detonates.  It  is  prepared  by  con- 
ducting chlorin  gas  into  a  saturated  solution  of  potassium  hydrate. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  316;  X.  561. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Ttiturations :    ix   and   higher;    prepared   with   care   to   avoid 

explosion. 

b.  Solution':  y^  in  distilled  water. 

c.  Dilutions:   3x,  with  dilute  alcohol;    4x  and  higher,  with  dis- 

pensing alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  4x  and  higher. 


KALI  CHROMICUM.  Potassium  Chromate. 

Kali  Chromate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  K,CrO4;  193.9. 

Synonyms. — English,  Chromate  of  potassium,  Normal  potassic 
chromate,  Chromate  of  potash,  Yellow  chromate  of  potash. 

Description. —  Consists  of  yellow,  anhydrous,  odorless  crystals,  with 
a  metallic  saline  taste.  Soluble  in  0.20  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  insolu- 
ble in  alcohol.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  alkaline,  and  is  partly  decom- 
posed by  evaporation,  with  formation  of  potassium  dichromate.  Acids, 
even  carbon  dioxid,  change  its  solution  from  yellow  to  red,  producing 
potassium  dichromate.  It  fuses  at  a  red  heat  without  decomposition. 
It  is  prepared  by  adding  potassium  carbonate  to  a  hot  solution  of 
potassium  dichromate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  562. 
A  poison.  Maximum  dose  Y$  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


KALI  CYANATUM.  Potassium  Cyanid. 

Kali  Cyanid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  KCN;  65.01. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  ,>47 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  cyanidum,  Kali  cyanuretum,  Kalium 
cyanatum,  Cyanuretum  potassicum,  s.  kalicum ;  English,  Cyanide  of 
potassium,  Potassic  cyanide ;  French,  Cyanure  de  potassium  ;  German, 
Kaliumcyanid,  Cyankalium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  opaque,  very  poisonous  masses, 
odorless  when  dry,  emitting  an  odor  of  hydrocyanic  acid  when  moist ; 
deliquescent  in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  2  parts  of  water;  sparingly 
soluble  in  alcohol.  It  fuses  at  a  low,  red  heat.  The  aqueous  solution 
is  alkaline,  and  disengages  hydrocyanic  acid  when  treated  with 
hydrochloric  or  sulfuric  acid ;  with  argentic  nitrate  a  white  precipitate 
is  obtained.  This  precipitate  of  argentic  cyanid  is  soluble  in  potas- 
sium cyanid  and  in  ammonium  hydrate.  It  gives  with  ferrous  sulfate 
and  an  excess  of  hydrochloric  acid  a  blue  precipitate.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  323 ;  X.  562.  An  active  poison,  even  caus- 
ing dangerous  symptoms  when  raw  cutaneous  surfaces  are  exposed 
to  its  action.  Maximum  dose  y&  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

This  salt  and  its  preparations  should  be  freshly  made. 


KALI  FERROCYANTUM.  Potassium  Ferrocyanid. 

Kali  Ferrocyanid. 

Chemical  Symbol.— K4Fe(CN)6.3H2O  ;  421.76. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  ferrocyanidum,  Potassae  prussias  flava, 
Kali  ferrocyanuretum,  Kalium  borussicum,  Cyanuretum  ferroso-potas- 
sicum ;  English,  Ferrocyanide  of  potassium,  Potassic  ferrocyanide, 
Yellow  prussiate  of  potash  ;  French,  Prussiate  jaune  de  potasse,  Ferro- 
cyanure  de  potassium  ;  German,  Ferrocyankalium,  Blutlangensalz. 

Description. —  Consists  of  large,  transparent,  yellow  tabular  crystals, 
odorless,  and  of  a  saline  taste.  Soluble  in  4  parts  of  water  at -15°  C. ; 
insoluble  in  alcohol.  Heated  to  100°  C.  the  salt  loses  its  water  of 
crystallization  and  is  transformed  into  a  white  powder ;  at  a  red  heat 
it  is  decomposed  and  leaves  a  residue  of  potassium  cyanid,  ferric  oxid 
and  carbon.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  neutral,  and  gives  with  ferric 
salts  a  blue,  with  copper  salts  a  brown,  with  acid  sodium  tartrate  a 


348  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

colorless  crystalline,  and  with  cobaltic  nitrite  a  yellow,  precipitate.  It 
is  prepared  by  heating  organic  substances  rich  in  nitrogen,  with 
potassium  carbonate  and  iron.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
V.  330. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


KALI  HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. 

Kali  Hypophosphite.  Potassium  Hypophosphite. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  KH2PO2 ;  103.91. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  hypophosphis,  Kalium  hypophos- 
phorosum,  Hypophosphis  potassicus,  s.  kalicus ;  English,  Hypophos- 
phite of  potassium,  Potassic  hypophosphite ;  French,  Hypophosphite 
de  potasse;  German,  Kaliumhypophosphit,  Unterphosphorigsaures 
Kali. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  opaque,  sometimes  crystalline 
masses,  odorless,  and  of  a  strong  saline  taste.  It  is  extremely  deli- 
quescent. Is  soluble  at  15°  C.  in  0.6  part  of  water,  and  in  7.3  parts 
of  alcohol.  When  heated  it  gives  off  moisture  and  subsequently 
hydrogen  phosphid,  which  burns  with  a  bright  flame,  leaving  a 
residue  of  potassium  phosphate.  It  explodes  violently  when  heated 
with  nitrates  or  chlorates.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  neutral,  and  with 
tartaric  acid  gives  a  colorless,  crystalline  precipitate.  A  white  pre- 
cipitate is  formed  when  mercuric  chlorid  is  added  to  the  aqueous 
solution,  acidified  with  hydrochloric  acid.  It  is  obtained  from  calcium 
hypophosphite  and  potassium  carbonate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.      Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

If.     Solution:  -£$  in  distilled  water  or  syrup. 

KALI  IODATUM.  Potassium  lodid. 

Kali  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  KI;  165.56. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  349 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  iodidum,  Kali  hydroiodicum,  Kalium 
jodatum,  loduretum  potassicum,  s.  kalicum  ;  English,  Iodide  of  potas- 
sium, Potassic  iodide ;  French,  lodure  de  potassium ;  German,  Jod- 
kalium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  semi-transparent,  or  opaque, 
anhydrous  crystals ;  permanent  in  dry,  but  deliquescent  in  moist  air. 
They  have  a  slight  odor  of  iodin,  and  a  saline,  bitter,  metallic  taste. 
Are  soluble  in  0.75  part  of  water  and  in  18  parts  of  alcohol  at  15°  C. 
This  salt  fuses  below  red  heat,  and  volatilizes  without  decomposition 
at  a  higher  temperature.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  neutral,  and  gives  a 
colorless,  crystalline  precipitate  with  tartaric  acid,  a  yellow  precipitate 
with  argentic  nitrate,  insoluble  in  ammonia,  and  a  bright-red  precipi- 
tate with  mercuric  chlorid,  soluble  in  either  the  solution  or  the 
reagent ;  with  chlorin  water,  iodin  is  liberated  and  can  be  dissolved  in 
chloroform  or  carbon  disulfid  with  a  violet  coloration.  This  salt 
treated  with  sulfuric  acid  gives  off  violet  vapors  of  iodin.  It  is  pre- 
pared from  potassium  hydrate  and  iodin,  and  should  be  kept  in  well- 
stoppered  bottles.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  331 ; 
X.  562. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  i  x  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <f>:  ^,  with  dilute  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

KALI  MURIATICUM.  Potassium  Chlorid. 

Kali  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  KC1 ;  74.4. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  chloridum,  Kalium  chloridum,  Chlo- 
ruretum  potassicum,  Sal  digestivum  Sylvii ;  English,  Chloride  of 
potassium,  Potassic  chloride  ;  French,  Chlorure  de  potassium  ;  German, 
Kaliumchlorid,  Chlorsaures  Kali. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  odorless,  permanent  cubes,  with  a 
saline  taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  3  parts  of  water,  slightly  soluble  in 
alcohol ;  decrepitates  when  heated  ;  melts  at  a  low,  red  heat,  and 
volatilizes  without  decomposition  at  a  higher  temperature.  Its  aque- 


350  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

ous  solution  gives  the  potassium  test  with  tartaric  acid  (vide  supra), 
and  a  white  precipitate,  insoluble  in  ammonium  hydrate,  with  argentic 
nitrate.  The  salt  is  decomposed  by  nitric  or  sulfuric  acid,  giving  off 
hydrochloric  acid.  It  is  prepared  from  potassium  carbonate  and 
hydrogen  chlorid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

KALI  NITRICUM.  Potassium  Nitrate. 

Kali  Nitrate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  KNO3;  100.92. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  nitras,  Potassae  nitras,  Kalium  nitri- 
cum,  Nitrum  depuratum,  Sal  petrae,  Sal  nitri,  Nitras  potassicus,  s. 
kalicus;  English,  Nitrate  of  potassium,  Potassic  nitrate,  Nitrate  of 
potash,  Niter,  Saltpeter;  French,  Azotate  (nitrate)  de  potasse,  Nitre 
prismatique,  Salpetre;  German,  Kaliumnitrat,  Salpetersaures  Kali, 
Sal  peter. 

Description. —  Consists  of  long,  striated,  odorless,  colorless  prisms, 
having  a  cooling,  saline  taste.  Is  permanent  in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C. 
in  3.8  parts  of  water,  very  sparingly  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  fuses  below 
redness,  and  when  thrown  upon  burning  coal  it  deflagrates.  At  a  high 
temperature  it  is  decomposed,  giving  off  oxygen,  nitrogen,  and  leaving 
a  residue  of  potassium  nitrate  and  nitrite.  Its  aqueous  solution  is 
neutral,  and  gives  a  brown  coloration  with  ferrous  sulfate  and  sulfuric 
acid ;  with  diphenylamin  and  sulfuric  acid  it  gives  a  blue  solution.  It 
is  both  a  natural  and  an  artificial  product,  and  may  be  obtained  from 
potassium  carbonate  and  nitric  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, V.  355;  X.  565. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

KALI  OXALICUM.  Potassium  Oxalate. 

Kali  Oxalate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  HKC2O4  ;  127.81. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  351 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Potassii  oxalas  ;  English,  Oxalate  of  potassium, 
Potassic  oxalate,  Salt  of  lemons,  Salt  of  sorrel;  French,  Oxalate  de 
potasse. 

Description. —  Consists  of  transparent,  odorless,  colorless  crystals, 
with  an  acid,  saline  taste.  Soluble  in  40  parts  of  water  at  ordinary 
temperature;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  At  a  red  heat  it  is  decomposed, 
leaving  a  residue  of  potassium  carbonate.  Its  aqueous  solution  has  an 
acid  reaction ;  when  neutralized  it  gives  with  calcium  chlorid  a  color- 
less, crystalline  precipitate.  It  is  contained  in  the  juice  of  various 
species  of  sorrel.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  384. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


KALI  PERMANGANICUM.       Potassium  Permanganate. 
Kali  Permanganate. 

Chemical  Symbol — KMnO4  ;  157.67. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Potassii  permanganas,  Potassae  permanganas, 
Kali  hypermanganicum  crystallisatum,  Kalium  permanganicum,  Hyper- 
manganas  potassicus,  s.  kalicus ;  English,  Permanganate  of  potassium, 
Potassic  permanganate,  Permanganate  of  potash ;  French,  Permanga- 
nate de  potasse;  German,  Kaliumpermanganat,  Uebermangansaures 
Kali. 

Description. —  Consists  of  dark-purple  crystals,  of  a  metallic  luster; 
permanent  in  air,  and  of  an  astringent  taste.  Is  soluble  in  16  parts  of 
water  at  1 5°  C. ;  is  decomposed  in  contact  with  alcohol.  It  decrepi- 
tates when  thrown  upon  burning  coal,  and  is  decomposed  with  explo- 
sion when  triturated  with  sulfur,  potassium  chlorate,  or  inflammable 
bodies ;  at  a  red  heat  it  is  decomposed,  giving  off  oxygen.  Its  aqueous 
solution  is  purple,  and  a  very  small  quantity  of  the  salt  is  sufficient  to 
give  an  intense  color  to  a  large  volume  of  water.  This  solution,  which 
is  neutral,  turns  green  on  the  admixture  of  potassium  hydrate.  It  is 
decolorized  by  most  organic  substances.  This. salt  is  prepared  from 
manganese  dioxid  and  potassium  hydrate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  V.  351. 


352  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution:  y^,  2x  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions :  3x  and  higher,  with  distilled  water. 

All  preparations  of  this  salt  should  be  freshly  prepared  and  kept 
in  glass-stoppered  bottles. 


KALI  PHOSPHORICUM.  Potassium  Phosphate. 

Kali  Phosphate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— K 2 HPO4;  173.86. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  phosphas,  Potassae  phosphas,  Kalium 
phosphoricum ;  English,  Phosphate  of  potassium ;  French,  Phosphate 
de  potasse ; .  German,  Phosphorsaures  Kali. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  amorphous,  odorless  masses,  of  a 
saline  taste;  deliquescent  in  air.  Freely  soluble  in  water.  It  melts 
readily  at  a  low  temperature,  and  at  a  red  heat  is  converted  into 
pyrophosphate.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  with  argentic  nitrate  a 
yellow  precipitate,  soluble  in  nitric  acid.  It  is  prepared  with  potassium 
carbonate  and  phosphoric  acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


KALI  PICRICUM.  Potassium  Picrate. 

Kali  Picrate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C6H2K(NO2)3O;  266.60. 

Description. —  Consists  of  yellow  prisms,  of  a  metallic  appearance, 
and  bitter  taste.  Soluble  in  260  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  insoluble  in 
alcohol.  When  heated  it  assumes  an  orange  color,  but  becomes  yellow 
again  on  cooling ;  at  a  strong  heat  it  decomposes  with  detonation  and 
is  exploded  by  shock.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  yellow  color  to  the 
skin.  It  is  prepared  by  neutralizing  a  hot  aqueous  solution  of  picric 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  353 

acid  with  potassium  hydrate.  All  picrates  require  great  care  in 
handling,  because  of  their  tendency  to  explode  when  exposed  to  heat, 
shock,  or  the  actinic  rays  of  light.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, V.  386. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher;  prepared  with  care  to  prevent  explo- 
sion. 


KALI  SULPHURICUM.  Potassium  Sulfate. 

Kali  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— K2SO4  ;  173.88. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  sulphas,  Potassae  sulphas,  Kalium 
sulfuricum,  Sulfas  potassicus,  s.  kalicus,  Arcanum  duplicatum,  Tar- 
tarus vitriolatus,  Sal  polychrestum,  Glaseri;  English,  Sulphate  of 
potassium,  Potassic  sulphate,  Sulphate  of  potash,  Vitriolated  tartar; 
French,  Sulfate  de  potasse;  German,  Kaliumsulfat,  Schwefelsaures 
Kali. 

Description. — Consists  of  colorless,  hard,  transparent  prisms,  or  of 
a  white,  odorless  powder,  having  a  sharp,  bitter,  saline  taste.  Soluble 
in  9.5  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  When  heated  the 
crystals  decrepitate;  they  impart  a  violet-color  to  the  flame.  The 
aqueous  solution  gives  a  white  precipitate  with  barium  chlorid,  and  a 
colorless,  crystalline  precipitate  with  tartaric  acid,  or  with  acid  sodium 
tartrate.  This  salt  is  obtained  from  potassium  carbonate  and  sulfuric 
acid ;  it  is  exceedingly  hard  and  difficult  to  triturate.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  387 ;  X.  568. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

KALI  TARTARICUM.  Potassium  Tartrate. 

Kali  Tartrate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— K2C4H4O6.H2O;  243.66. 


354  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Potassii  tartras,  Potassae  tartras,  Kalium  tar- 
taricum,  Tartras  potassicus,  s.  kalicus,  Tartarus  solubilis;  English, 
Tartrate  of  potassium,  Potassic  tart  rate,  Tartrate  of  potash,  Soluble 
tartar ;  French,  Tartrate  de  potasse,  Tartre  soluble ;  German,  Kalium- 
tartrat,  Neutrales  weinsaures  Kali. 

Description. —  A  white,  granular,  odorless,  crystalline  powder,  with 
a  mild  saline  taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  0.7  part  of  water;  almost 
insoluble  in  alcohol.  When  heated  it  melts,  chars,  and  gives  off 
inflammable  vapors,  with  an  odor  of  burnt  sugar;  when  ignited  it 
leaves  a  residue  of  carbon  and  potassium  carbonate.  Its  aqueous 
solution  gives  a  white  precipitate  with  barium  chlorid  and  with 
plumbic  acetate,  both  precipitates  being  soluble  in  nitric  acid.  It  is 
obtained  from  potassium  carbonate  and  tartaric  acid.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  387. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


KALMIA  LATIFOLIA.  Mountain  Laurel. 

Natural  Order. —  Ericaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Camaedaphnefoliis  tini,  Cistus  chamaerhodo- 
dendros,  Ledum  floribus  bullatis ;  English,  Big-leaved  ivy,  Broad-leaved 
laurel,  Calico  bush,  Ivy,  Lambkill,  Laurel,  Mountain  laurel,  Spoon- 
wood,  Spoonbunch  ;  French  and  German,  Kalmie. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  shrub,  or  tree,  4  to  20  feet  in  height, 
with  a  smooth  stem,  and  irregular,  tortuous,  terete  branches.  The 
scattered  leaves  are  mostly  alternate,  petioled,  entire,  ovate,  lanceo- 
late, ternate  and  tapering  to  each  end,  coriaceous,  bright-green  on 
both  sides.  The  numerous  flowers  are  rose-red  to  pink,  varying  to 
white,  clammy-pubescent,  and  appear  from  May  to  July  at  the  ends  of 
the  small  branches,  in  umbel-like  corymbs. 

Habitat. —  Common  from  Maine  to  Ohio  and  Kentucky  as  a  shrub 
4  to  8  feet  high,  found  on  rocky  hills  and  damp  soil;  tree-like,  10  to 
20  feet  high,  forming  dense  thickets  in  the  mountains  from  Pennsyl- 
vania southward.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  103. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  355 

History. —  Name  from  Peter  Kalm,  a  pupil  of  Linnaeus.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1845  by  a  proving  of  Dr.  Hering, 
Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  1845,  154.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  388.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Kalmia  latifolia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


KINO  AUSTRALIENSIS.  Australian  Red  Gum. 

Natural  Order. —  Myrtaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Kino;  English,  Australian  kino,  Australian 
red  gum,  Botany  Bay  kino,  Eucalyptus  kino;  French,  Kino  de  1'Inde; 
German,  Kino. 

Description. —  An  exudation  of  several  species  of  the  Eucalyptus. 
It  is  found  in  dried  masses  in  the  crevices  and  on  the  bark  of  the  trees, 
or  is  obtained  by  incisions  made  through  the  bark  yielding  a  red  juice, 
which  is  dried  by  exposure  to  the  air  and  sun;  it  is  met  with  in 
smooth,  angular,  dark  reddish-brown  pieces  in  thin  layers,  transparent, 
and  of  a  garnet  hue ;  it  is  odorless,  and  has  an  astringent  and  sweetish 
taste.  Is  partially  soluble  in  water,  and  entirely  so  in  alcohol. 

Habitat. —  Western  Australia. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1863  by  a 
proving  by  Dr.  Blundell,  Month.  Horn.  Rev.  VII.  199.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  403.] 

Part  Used. — The  gum. 


356  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Kino,  loo  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


LACHESIS.  Lachesis. 

Order. —  Ophidia. 
Family. —  Crotalidae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Trigonocephalus  lachesis  (?);  English,  Lance- 
headed  viper  ( ? ). 

Description. — The  virus  of  a  South  American  serpent,  supposed 
to  be  the  Trigonocephalus  lachesis.  It  was  introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  by  Dr.  Hering,  who  obtained  it  from  the  living  snake 
by  stunning  it  with  a  blow,  and  then  collecting  the  poison  on  sugar  by 
pressing  the  fang  upwards  against  the  poison  sac.  Much  difficulty, 
however,  exists  in  identifying  the  exact  species  referred  to  by  Dr. 
Hering,  and  from  the  general  description  given  and  the  common  name 
applied,  it  is  a  question  whether  the  provings  were  not  made  from  the 
Lachesis  mutus,  or  the  Craspedocephalus  lanceolatus,  rather  than 
from  the  Trigonocephalus  lachesis.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, V.  432. 

Part  Used. — The  venom. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations. 

b.  Dilutions. 

LACHNANTHES  TINCTORIA.  Red  Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Haemodoraceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Dilatris  caroliniana,  D.  tinctoria,  Heritiera 
gmelini,  H.  tinctoria,  Pyrotheca  tinctoria;  English,  Dyer's  dilatris, 
Red  wood,  Spirit  weed. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  357 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  deep  orange-red 
fibrous,  cylindrical,  and  more  or  less  horizontal  ligneous  rhizome. 
The  stem,  i  to  2  feet  high,  is  erect,  simple,  hairy  above  the  last  leaf. 
The  leaves  are  alternate,  equitant,  sword-shaped,  clustered  at  the  base 
and  scattered  on  the  stem.  The  dingy-yellow,  woolly  flowers  appear 
from  July  to  September  in  dense  compound  cymes. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  Rhode  Island  to  Florida;  found  in  sandy 
swamps  near  the  coast.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  171. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  lachno,  wool,  and  anthos,  flower. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1864  by  a  proving  by  Dr. 
Lippe,  Am.  Horn.  Rev.  IV.  457.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  471.] 

Part  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Lachnanthes,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


LACTUCA  VIROSA.  Poisonous  Lettuce. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Intybus  angustus,  Lactuca  foetida,  L.  sinnata; 
English,  Acrid  lettuce,  Poisonous  lettuce,  Prickly  lettuce,  Strong- 
scented  lettuce ;  French,  Laitue  vireuse  ;  German,  Gif tlattich. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  biennial  herb,  with  a  brown  tap  root. 
The  solitary,  erect  stem,  2  to  4  feet  high,  is  round,  prickly,  smooth, 
sparingly  leafy,  slightly  branched,  pale  glaucous-green.  The  leaves 
are  horizontal,  obtuse,  prickly,  finely-dentate,  nearly  smooth,  the  radi- 
cal ones  numerous,  6  to  8  inches  long,  obovate,  undivided,  depressed ; 


358  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

those  of  the  stem  are  smaller,  often  lobed,  arrow-shaped,  clasping ;  the 
midrib  of  all  is  more  or  less  beset  with  prickles.  The  small,  pale- 
yellow  flowers  appear  in  August,  in  numerous  panicled  heads,  with 
many  small,  cordate  bracts.  Involucre  scales,  downy  at  the  tip.  The 
whole  plant  abounds  in  a  bitter,  milky  juice  of  a  narcotic  odor. 

Habitat. — Western  and  southern  Europe  to  Siberia;  naturalized 
in  some  parts  of  New  England ;  found  in  hedges,  old  walls,  ruins,  and 
edges  of  fields.  Fig.,  Winkler,  87;  Goullon,  161 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  160. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  lac,  milk,  on  account  of  its  milky 
juice.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1840  by  provings  by 
Dr.  Seidel,  Jour.  f.  Horn.  A.  M.  L.,  II.  2,  29.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  V.  487;  X.  570.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <(>:  Drug  strength  Y1^. 

Lactuca  virosa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


LACTUCARIUM.  Lettuce  Opium. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Thridace  ;  English,  Lettuce  opium  ;  French, 
Lactucarium ;  German,  Giftlattichsaft. 

Description. —  A  white,  rather  thick,  milky  juice,  obtained  by 
incision  from  several  species  of  lactuca,  forming  scales,  or  lumps 
on  exposure  to  the  air.  It  is  met  with  in  irregular  and  shrunken 
pieces  of  a  reddish-brown  color  externally,  internally  opaque,  waxy, 
and  when  recent,  creamy,  becoming  dark  on  exposure. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  359 

History. —  Provings  were  made  at  the  same  time  Lactuca  virosa 
was  experimented  with.     [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  487  ;  X.  570.] 
Part  Used. —  The  concrete  juice. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

LAMIUM  ALBUM.  Dead  Nettle. 

Natural  Order. —  Labiatae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Galeopsidis  maculata,  Lamium  foliosum,  L. 
laevigatum,  L.  maculatum,  L.  vulgatum;  English,  Blind  nettle,  Dead 
nettle,  White  archangel ;  French,  Ortie  morte ;  German,  Taubnessel. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  cylindrical  branched 
root,  and  stem  2  feet  high,  quadrangular,  simple,  decumbent  at  the  base 
and  hairy.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  petioled,  ovate,  cordate,  acuminate, 
serrate,  smooth,  and  veined  below.  The  large,  white,  sessile  flowers, 
with  the  tube  curved  upwards  and  contracted  at  the  base,  having  inside  a 
hairy  ring,  appear  from  April  to  September,  in  axillary,  twenty-flowered 
whorls.  The  plant  emits  a  very  disagreeable  odor  when  bruised. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain,  France  and  Germany;  naturalized  in 
eastern  New  England;  found  in  wet  ground,  hedges,  ditches  and  along 
roads.  Fig.,  Winkler,  86;  Millspaugh,  121. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  lamios,  the  throat,  from  the  form  of 
the  flower.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1832  by  provings 
by  Stapf,  Archiv.  XII.  2,  179.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  501.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves  and  flowers. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Lamium  album,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincti^re. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


360  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

LAPIS  ALBUS.  Gastein  Rock, 

Synonym. —  Latin,  Silico-fluorid  of  calcium. 

Description. —  Is  a  species  of  gneiss,  held  in  suspension  in  the 
waters  of  the  mineral  springs  of  Gastein,  Germany,  which  take  their 
rise  from  the  foot  of  the  Tauern  Mountains.  The  trituration  first 
used  was  made  from  the  gneiss  rock.  Dr.  v.  Grauvogl,  the  discoverer 
of  this  remedy,  calls  it  a  white,  primitive,  calcium  gneiss.  The  springs 
are  probably  the  most  reliable  sources  from  which  it  can  be  obtained. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


LAPPA  MAJOR.  Burdock. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Arctium  bardana,  A.  lappa,  Bardana,  Lappa 
minor,  L.  officinalis,  L.  tomentosa;  English,  Bat  weed,  Burdock,  Hare 
burr;  French,  Bardane,  Glouteron;  German,  Klette. 

Description. —  A  coarse,  biennial  weed,  with  a  simple,  spindle-shaped 
root  i  foot  or  more  long,  brown  externally,  white  and  spongy  inter- 
nally, having  thread-like  fibers  and  withered  scales  near  the  top,  with  a 
feeble,  unpleasant  odor,  and  a  mucilaginous,  sweetish  and  somewhat 
bitter  taste.  The  stem,  3  feet  high,  is  round,  furrowed,  succulent  and 
pubescent,  erect,  branching  and  leafy.  The  large  leaves  are  alternate, 
long-petioled,  the  upper  ovate,  the  lower  heart-shaped,  dentate,  green 
above,  whitish,  cottony  beneath.  The  purple  flowers  appear  from  July 
to  October  in  smooth  heads,  the  imbricated  scales  of  the  involucre 
forming  a  hooked  bur. 

Habitat. —  Found  throughout  Europe  and  northern  Asia;  natural- 
ized in  the  United  States.  It  flourishes  in  nearly  all  climates  in  waste 
places  and  around  dwellings  in  manured  soil.  Fig.,  Goullon,  157,  158; 
Millspaugh,  92. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  lappa,  the  Latin  for  bur,  or  from  the 
Celtic,  llap,  a  hand,  because  it  lays  hold  of  everything  near.  [Hale's 
New  Rem.  3d  ed.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  root  and  seed. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  361 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  fa 

Lappa  major,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and    higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


LATHYRUS  SATIVUS.  Wild  Vetch. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. —  Vernacular,  Kesaree,  Teoree;  English,  Chickling, 
White  or  wild  vetch,  Chick  pea ;  German,  Weisse  deutsche  Kicher. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  annual  climber,  with  a  stem  3  feet  high. 
The  leaves  are  alternate,  pinnate,  with  petioles  ending  in  tendrils, 
leaflets  in  single  or  more  pairs.  The  purple  flowers  appear  singly  in 
June  and  July  on  axillary  peduncles. 

Habitat. — Levant,  and  at  one  time  extensively  cultivated  in  southern 
Europe. 

History. —  The  name,  derived  from  la  and  thouros,  anything  excit- 
ing, alluding  to  the  medicinal  qualities  of  the  bean,  was  given  by  Theo- 
phrastus ;  although  the  seeds  were  ground  and  mixed  with  wheat  in 
bread  making,  it  is  a  rank  poison  to  most  animals.  Symptoms  in 
poison  cases  reported  in  1845,  Brit.  Jour,  of  Horn.  III.  257.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  504.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


362  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

LAUROCERASUS.  Cherry  Laurel 

Natural  Order. —  Rosaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cerasus  folio  laurino,  C.  laurocerasus,  C.  trape- 
zuntina,  Padus  laurocerasus,  Prunus  laurocerasus,  P.  lusitanica; 
English,  Cherry  bay,  Common  cherry  laurel ;  French,  Laurier-cerise ; 
German,  Kirsch-Lorbeer. 

Description. —  A  small  evergreen  shrub,  or  tree,  12  to  20  feet  high, 
smooth  in  every  part,  with  pale-green,  shining  shoots.  The  leaves,  4 
to  6  inches  long,  \y2  to  2^  inches  wide,  are  alternate,  short-petioled, 
oblong,  acuminate,  re-curved  at  the  point,  remotely-serrate,  shining, 
coriaceous,  with  2  or  4  small  yellow  glands  at  the  base  beneath.  The 
white,  yellow-tinged  flowers,  with  peduncles  shorter  or  as  long  as 
the  leaves,  appear  in  April  and  May,  in  axillary,  erect  racemes.  The 
presence  of  prussic  acid  in  all  its  parts  gives  the  plant  a  decided  flavor 
and  odor,  noticeable  only  when  it  is  bruised. 

Habitat. —  The  Levant,  and  found  throughout  temperate  Europe. 
Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  18;  Jahr  and  Cat.  230;  Winkler,  37;  Goullon, 
103 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  98. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1828  by  prov- 
ings  of  Hartlaub  and  Trinks,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  I.  127.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  V.  506 ;  X.  572.] 

Part  Used. — The  leaves  gathered  in  July  and  August  when  they 
have  more  prussic  acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </> :  Drug  strength  ^ ;  freshly  made. 
Laurocerasus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  363 

LEDUM  PALUSTRE.  Wild  Rosemary. 

Natural  Order. —  Ericaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Anthos  sylvestris,  Ledum  decumbens,  L. 
silesiacum,  Rosmarinum  sylvestre;  English,  Marsh  cistus,  Marsh 
ledutn,  Marsh  tea,  Silesian  rosemary,  Wild  rosemary ;  French,  Romarin 
sauvage  ;  German,  Wilder  Rosmarin. 

Description. — An  evergreen  shrub,  with  stem  2  to  3  feet  high,  with 
several  clustering  rounded  branches  covered  with  a  rust-colored  fur ; 
bark  of  stem  ash-colored.  The  leaves,  2  inches  long,  YT,  to  %  inch 
broad,  are  alternate,  short-petioled,  lanceolate,  rolled  back  on  the 
edges,  glabrous,  green  and  shining  above,  red,  rust-colored  and  downy 
beneath.  The  numerous  white  or  pale-rose-red  flowers  appear  in  dense 
terminal  corymbs,  with  filiform,  pubescent  pedicels.  The  whole  plant 
has  a  heavy  aromatic  odor,  and  a  camphoraceous,  bitter  taste. 

Habitat. —  Northern  Europe,  Asia,  New  Foundland,  Labrador  to 
Alaska  and  Aleutian  Islands ;  found  in  bogs.  Fig.%  Flora  Horn.  II. 
23 ;  Winkler,  91 ;  Goullon,  165. 

History. —  Proving  by  Hahnemann  in  1805,  Frag,  de  Vir.  Med.  169. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  531.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  herb. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ .-  Drug  strength  ^. 

Ledum  palustre,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Strong  alcohol,  840  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

LEPTANDRA  VIRGINICA.  Culver's  Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Scrophulariaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Callistachya  virginica,  Eustachya  alba,  E.  pur- 
purea,  Leptandra  purpurea,  Paederota  virginica,  Veronica  incarnata, 
V.  japonica,  V.  sibirica,  V.  virginica;  English,  Black  root,  Bowman's 


364  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

root,  Brinton  root,  Culver's  physic,  Culver's  root,  Tall  speedwell,  Tall 
veronica,  Veronica,  Virginia  speedwell ;  French,  Racine  de  leptandra, 
s.  de  veronique  de  Virginie ;  German,  Leptandra-Wurzel. 

Description. — A  perennial  herb,  with  a  short  horizontal,  often 
branched,  blackish  rhizome,  thick  as  a  finger,  6  to  12  inches  long, 
scarred  on  the  upper  surface,  and  giving  off  horizontally  in  every 
direction,  numerous,  long,  slender  roots.  When  fresh  the  root  has  a 
faint  odor,  and  a  bitter,  nauseous  taste,  less  perceptible  when  it  is  dry. 
The  stem,  2  to  7  feet  high,  is  simple,  straight,  smooth,  or  slightly 
downy.  The  short  petioled  leaves,  3  to  5  inches  long,  four-  to  seven- 
whorled,  are  lanceolate,  pointed,  finely-serrate,  nearly  glabrous,  pale 
beneath,  the  upper  ones  much  the  smaller.  The  flowers,  varying  in 
color  from  white  to  pink,  or  purple,  appear  in  July  and  August,  in 
terminal  axillary,  spike-like,  densely-flowered  racemes,  minutely  bracte- 
ate,  6  to  10  inches  long,  commonly  with  several  shorter  ones. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  the  United  States  from  Vermont  and 
Wisconsin,  southward  in  the  hills  to  Georgia,  also  Japan  and  eastern 
Indies;  found  in  limestone  countries  in  moist  woods  and  barrens. 
Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  196;  Millspaugh,  114. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  leptos,  slender,  and  aner,  anther. 
Veronica  said  to  be  a  corruption  of  Betonica;  officinal  in  the  U.  S. 
Pharmacopoeia.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1851  by  a 
fragmentary  proving  by  Dr.  Gatchell,  Am.  Mag.  of  Horn.  I.  18. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  556.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root  of  the  second  year's  growth. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $ :  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Leptandra,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  215  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  565 

LILIUM  TIGRINUM.  Tiger  Lily, 

Natural  Order.  —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms.  —  English,  Spotted  lily,  Tiger  lily;  German,  Tiger 
Lillie. 

Description.—  A  perennial  plant,  with  bulbous  root.  The  stem,  4 
to  6  feet  high,  is  unbranched  and  woolly.  The  leaves  are  scattered, 
sessile,  three-veined,  the  upper  cordate-ovate,  the  axils  bulbiferous. 
The  large  flowers,  which  appear  from  July  to  September  in  a  pyramid 
at  the  summit  of  the  stem,  are  dark-orange  colored,  with  dark  or  very 
deep  crimson,  somewhat  raised  spots,  having  the  appearance  of  the 
spots  of  the  tiger,  whence  the  name. 

Habitat.  —  China  and  Japan  ;  widely  cultivated  in  gardens. 

History.  —  From  Celtic,  li,  signifying  whiteness.  The  bulbs  are 
said  to  be  used  as  food  in  Japan.  Introduced  into  England  from 
China  in  1804;  first  used  in  medicine  in  1867,  when  it  was  introduced 
into  homoeopathic  practice  by  a  fragmentary  proving  by  Dr.  Payne, 
Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  §  2,  93.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  560.] 

Parts  Used.  —  The  whole  fresh  plant  in  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  -fo. 

Lilium  tigrinum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  700  Cc.  =  800 

Strong  alcohol,  333  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  five  parts  distilled 

water,  four  parts  alcohol  ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


LINARIA  VULGARIS.  Toad  Flax. 

Natural  Order.  —  Scrophulariaceae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Antirrhinum  linarium  ;  English,  Butter  and 
eggs,  Ramsted,  Snap  dragon,  Toad  flax,  Yellow  toad  flax  ;  French, 
Linaire  commune  ;  German,  Leinkraut,  Flachskraut. 


366  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  creeping,  some- 
what woody,  fibrous,  white  root.  The  stem,  2  feet  high,  is  erect  and 
simple.  The  leaves,  i  to  3  inches  long,  and  narrow,  are  alternate,  or 
more  or  less  scattered  or  whorled,  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  pale-green, 
scarcely  glaucous.  The  bright-yellow  flowers,  with  chrome-colored 
pallets,  appear  during  the  summer  months,  in  terminal,  densely- 
flowered  racemes. 

Habitat. —  Europe;  naturalized  in  America;  a  very  showy,  but 
pernicious  weed;  found  in  fields,  roadsides  and  waste  places  in  dry, 
sandy  soil.  Fig.,  Goullon,  184;  Millspaugh,  in. 

History. —  So  named  on  account  of  its  similarity  to  linum,  flax. 
Used  in  decoction  as  a  fly  poison.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1857,  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Mueller,  Zeit.  d.  Ver.  d.  Horn. 
Aertz.  Oest.  I.  41.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  587.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 
Linaria,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,    with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


LINUM  CATHARTICUM.  Purging  Flax. 

Natural  Order. —  Linaceae. 
Synonym. — English,  Purging  flax. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  very  small  tapering  root.  The 
one  or  more  stems,  seldom  more  than  a  foot  high,  are  slender,  erect, 
and  much  branched  when  single ;  when  more  than  one  they  are  curved, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  367 

obliquely  ascending  and  smooth,  with  spreading,  forked,  terminal 
panicles.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  obovate-lanceolate,  entire,  smooth. 
The  small,  white,  tremulous  flowers  appear  from  June  to  August,  and 
are  pendulous  before  expansion. 

Habitat —  Great  Britain  and  Europe  generally ;  a  troublesome 
weed  ;  found  in  dry  pastures. 

History. —  Name  from  the  Celtic,  llin,  a  thread.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  by  provings  by  Dr.  Gelston  in  1858,  Brit.  Jour, 
of  Horn.  XVI.  147.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  588.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Linum  catharticum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  50  Cc.  =  150 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3 x  and  higher. 


LITHIUM  BENZOICUM.  Lithium  Benzoate. 

Lithium  Benzoate. 

Chemical  Symbol — Li  C7H5O2 ;  127.72. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Lithii  benzoas,  Lithium  benzoicum,  Benzoas 
lithicus ;  English,  Benzoate  of  lithium ;  French,  Benzoate  de  lithine ; 
German,  Lithiumbenzoat,  Benzoesaures  Lithion. 

Description. —  A  white,  light  crystalline  powder,  or  shining  crystal- 
line scales,  having  a  mild  odor  of  benzoin,  and  an  alkaline,  sweetish 
taste;  permanent  in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  4  parts  of  water  and  in 
12  parts  of  alcohol.  When  heated  it  melts,  and  at  a  higher  tempera- 
ture it  chars  and  is  decomposed,  giving  off  inflammable  vapors  of 


368  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

benzol  with  other  decomposition  products  of  benzoic  acid,  and  leaving 
a  residue  of  carbon  and  lithium  carbonate;  it  gives  to  the  flame  a 
bright-red  color.  It  is  prepared  from  lithium  carbonate  and  benzoic 
acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


LITHIUM  BROMATUM.  Lithium  Bromid. 

Lithium  Bromid. 

Chemical  Symbol —  Li  Br ;  86.77. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Lithii  bromidum,  Bromuretum  lithicum ; 
English,  Bromide  of  lithium  ;  French,  Bromure  de  lithium  ;  German, 
Bromlithium,  Lithiumbromid. 

Description. —  A  granular,  odorless,  white  powder;  having  a  sharp, 
bitter  taste;  extremely  deliquescent.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  0.6  part 
of  water;  very  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  melts  at  a  dull-red  heat,  and 
at  a  white  heat  slowly  volatilizes ;  it  gives  to  the  flame  a  bright-red 
color;  its  aqueous  solution  is  neutral.  When  concentrated  it  gives 
a  white  precipitate  with  ammonium  carbonate.  The  addition  of 
chlorin  water  liberates  bromin,  which  can  be  dissolved  in  chloroform 
or  carbon  disulfid  with  a  red-orange  color.  It  is  obtained  from  lithium 
carbonate  and  bromin. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

If.  Tincture  <j>:  -fa  in  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 


LITHIUM  CARBONICUM.  Lithium  Carbonate. 

Lithium  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Li2CO3;  73.87. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  369 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Lithii  carbonas,  Lithiae  carbonas,  Carbonas 
lithicus;  English,  Carbonate  of  lithium,  Lithic  carbonate;  Frenc/i, 
Carbonate  de  lithine,  Carbonate  lithique ;  German,  Lithiumcarbonat, 
Kohlensaures  Lithion. 

Description. —  A  light,  white,  odorless,  crystalline  powder,  having  a 
mild  alkaline  taste,  and  an  alkaline  reaction ;  permanent  in  air.  Solu- 
ble in  80  parts  of  water  at  I5°C,  much  more  soluble  in  water  con- 
taining carbon  dioxid;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  On  heating,  the  salt 
melts  at  a  dull  redness,  and  corrodes  glass,  silver  and  platinum;  it 
effervesces  with  acids  and  imparts  to  flame  the  characteristic  rose 
color  produced  by  lithium  and  its  salts.  It  is  prepared  from  lithium 
chlorid,  or  sulfate  and  ammonium  carbonate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  V.  601. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

LOBELIA  CARDINALIS.  Cardinal  Flower. 

Natural  Order —  Lobeliaceas. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Lobelia  coccinea,  Trachelium  americanum; 
English,  Cardinal  flower,  Red  cardinal  plant,  Red  lobelia. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb.  The  stem,  2  to  4  feet 
high,  is  erect,  simple,  smooth,  or  finely  pubescent.  The  leaves  are 
alternate,  sessile,  oblong-lanceolate,  tapering  at  both  ends,  slightly 
dentate,  cartilaginous.  The  large,  showy,  scarlet  flowers  appear  from 
May  to  September,  in  elongated,  terminal  racemes,  rather  one-sided ; 
leafy  pedicels  much  shorter  than  the  leaf-like  bracts.  The  plant  has 
a  milky,  acrid,  poisonous  juice. 

Habitat. —  North  America  from  New  Brunswick  to  Saskatchewan 
southward,  east  of  the  Mississippi  to  Florida  and  southwestward  to 
Texas ;  common  in  low  ground,  light  rich  soil ;  found  on  muddy  banks 
of  streams.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  97. 

History. —  Named  for  Mathias  de  Lobel,  or  de  1'Obel,  physician 
and  botanist  to  James  I.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in 
1845,  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Dubs,  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  I.  200. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  609.] 

Parts  Used — The  whole  fresh  plant. 


370  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Lobelia  cardinalis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


LOBELIA  INFLATA.  Indian  Tobacco, 

Natural  Order. —  Lobeliaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Rapuntium  inflatum;  English,  Asthma  root, 
Bladder-podded  lobelia,  Bugle  weed,  Emetic  herb,  Emetic  weed,  Eye 
bright,  Fever  cure,  Indian  tobacco,  Lobelia,  Puke  root,  Wild  tobacco; 
French,  Herbe  de  lobelie  enflee  ;  German,  Lobelienkraut. 

Description. —  An  annual  or  biennial  herb,  with  slender,  fibrous, 
yellowish-white  root.  The  stem,  8  inches  to  2  feet  high,  is  round, 
erect,  striated,  leafy,  paniculately  branched  above,  divergently  hirsute 
below,  somewhat  angled.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  irregularly  scat- 
tered, the  lower  petioled,  the  others  sessile,  veiny,  ovate,  or  oblong 
below,  foliaceous  or  subulate  bracts  above,  longer  than  the  pedicels, 
acute,  irregularly  dentate,  thin,  pubescent  and  pale-green.  The  incon- 
spicuous, small,  irregular,  pale-blue  flowers  appear  from  July  to 
October,  in  loose,  terminal,  leafy,  spike-like  racemes,  each  from  the 
axil  of  a  small  leaf.  The  plant  yields  a  milky,  acrid,  poisonous  juice. 

Habitat. —  North  America  from  Hudson  Bay  to  Saskatchewan, 
southward  to  Georgia  and  the  Mississippi;  common  everywhere. 
Fig.,  Goullon,  162  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  162  ;  Millspaugh,  99. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1841  by  a 
proving  by  Noack,  Hygea,  XV.  37.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
V.  611.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  371 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Lobelia  inflata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


LOBELIA  SYPHILITICA.  Blue  Cardinal  Flower. 

Natural  Order. —  Lobeliaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Lobelia  coerulea(?),  L.  glandulosa,  L.  reflexa, 
Rapuntium  syphiliticum ;  English,  Bladder-podded  cardinal  flower, 
Blue  cardinal  flower,  Blue  lobelia,  Great  blue  lobelia,  Great  lobelia. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  simple  stem  i  to  3 
feet  high,  leafy,  somewhat  hirsute.  The  leaves,  2  to  6  inches  long, 
i  inch  wide,  are  alternate,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  at  each  end, 
unequally-serrate,  thin,  somewhat  hirsute.  The  light-blue,  rarely 
white,  flowers,  nearly  i  inch  long,  appearing  from  July  to  October, 
with  pedicels  longer  than  the  leafy  bracts,  are  solitary,  axillary,  and 
crowded  in  a  long  spike  or  dense  raceme.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
rank  smell,  and  yields  a  milky,  acrid,  poisonous  juice. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  Canada  to  Georgia  and  Louisiana,  and 
west  to  Dakota;  common  in  low  grounds,  marshy  borders.  Fig., 
Millspaugh,  98. 

History. —  Named  syphilitica,  from  its  use  as  a  remedy  for  syphilis 
by  the  American  Indians.  It  was  called  coerulea,  from  the  color  of 
the  flower,  by  Dr.  Hering,  as  a  better  name  than  the  former,  but 
should  not  be  confounded  with  the  Lobelia  coerulea,  which  is  found  in 
southern  Africa.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Jeanes 
in  1870,  Hahn.  Month.  VI.  333.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  618.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 


372  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincttire  <£ ."    Drug  strength  y1^. 

Lobelia  syphilitica,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  435  Cc.  =  535 

Strong  alcohol,  600  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3%  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


LOLIUM  TEMULENTUM.  Darnel. 

Natural  Order. —  Gramineae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Lolium  arvense,  L.  robustum ;  English,  Bearded 
darnel,  Darnel,  Tare,  Poisonous  darnel ;  French,  Ivraie ;  German,  Lolch, 
Taumslkorn,  Taumellolch. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  a  downy,  fibrous  root.  The 
several  stems  are  2  to  3  feet  high,  leafy,  round,  stiff,  often  branched 
from  the  lower  nodes,  smooth,  shining  below,  rough  above.  The  dark- 
green  leaves,  5  to  10  inches  long,  ^  to  >^  inch  wide,  with  short  ligules, 
are  spreading,  drooping,  gradually  tapering  to  the  apex,  and  rough  on 
the  upper  side.  The  many  five-  to  seven-flowered,  sessile  spikelets 
are  arranged  singly,  edgewise,  alternately,  on  opposite  side  of  the 
elongated,  somewhat  flexuose  rachis.  The  seeds  ripen  in  August,  on 
a  spike  6  to  12  inches  long  with  a  rough  stalk. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  western  Asia,  northern  Africa  and  India;  intro- 
duced into  the  United  States  ;  a  pernicious  weed  found  among  wheat, 
oats  and  barley  in  rainy  seasons.  Fig.,  Winkler,  92  ;  Bent,  and  Trim. 
295. 

History. —  From  loloa,  the  Celtic  name  for  the  grass,  temulentum, 
drunken,  from  its  alleged  effects.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  litera- 
ture in  1836,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  VIII.  351.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
V.  622.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  ripe  spikelets,  or  seeds. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  373 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -^. 

Lolium,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


LUPULINUM.  Lupulin. 

Natural  Order. —  Urticaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Glandulae  lupuli ;  English,  Hop  grains ;  French, 
Lupuline;  German,  Hopfenmehl,  Lupulin. 

Description. — A  bright,  brownish-yellow  (becoming  yellowish- 
brown),  granular,  resinous  powder,  having  an  aromatic  odor,  and  the 
bitter  taste  peculiar  to  hops.  The  powder  is  composed  of  minute, 
irregularly  round,  or  hood-shaped,  and  reticulate  granules  filled  with  a 
yellow  matter,  at  first  liquid,  afterwards  resinous.  It  is  obtained  from 
the  strobiles  of  dry  hops,  constituting  about  10  per  cent  of  their 
weight.  This  powder  should  prove  free  from  sand  when  agitated  with 
water. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


LUPULUS.  Hops. 

Natural  Order. —  Urticaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Humulus  lupulus,  Strobili  humuli,  S.  lupuli; 
English,  Hops;  French,  Houblon;  German,  Hopfen. 

Description. —  A  perennial  plant,  giving  out  annular,  rough,  flexible 
stems,  which  twist  and  twine  from  left  to  right  about  near-by  objects, 


374  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

often  climbing  to  a  great  height.  The  leaves  are  opposite  on  long 
petioles,  are  serrate,  prickly,  rough,  of  a  deep-green  color  above;  the 
larger  are  three-  to  five-lobed.  The  numerous  flowers  are  axillary  and 
supplied  with  bracts ;  the  male,  yellowish-white,  and  arranged  in 
panicles ;  the  female,  on  a  separate  plant,  pale-green,  and  in  solitary, 
peduncled  aments  of  membranous  scales,  which  form  the  ovoid  cone, 
or  strobile.  The  scales  bear  the  achenia  at  the  base,  where  both  are 
covered  with  numerous  yellow  shining  glands,  in  mass  appearing  as  a 
granular  powder.  The  ovate  strobiles  are  I  to  iy2  inches  long  of  an 
aromatic  odor,  and  a  bitter  taste. 

Habitat. — This  plant  is  indigenous  to  North  America  and  Europe; 
specially  common  in  the  northern  and  western  portions  of  the  United 
States.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  232  ;  Goullon,  233  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  230. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  V.  625. 
Part  Used. — The  freshly  dried  hop  strobiles. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Timture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -£$. 

Lupulus,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  2x  and  higher. 


LYCOPERSICUM  ESCULENTUM.  Tomato. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Lycopersicum  ceresiforme,  Mala  aurea,  M. 
lycopersica,  Poma  amoris,  Solanum  lycopersicum ;  English,  Love 
apple,  Tomato  ;  French,  Pomme  d'amour  ;  German,  Liebsapfel. 

Description. —  An  annual,  cultivated  plant,  of  many  varieties,  with 
a  weak,  trailing  stem,  hirsute  on  the  branches,  and  more  or  less 
glandular.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  pinnately-compound,  the  larger 
leaflets  incised  and  dentate,  the  small  interposed  ones,  rounder  and 
often  entire,  interruptedly,  one-  to  two-pinnate.  The  yellowish  flowers 
appear  from  July  to  September,  in  racemes  opposite  the  leaves. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  375 

Habitat. —  Warm  parts  of  America;  cultivated  in  most  warm  or 
temperate  countries.  The  whole  plant  has  a  rank  scent  and  watery 
juice. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  lukos,  a  wolf,  and  persicon,  a  peach. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1839,  by  a  proving  by  Dr. 
Gross,  Archiv.  XVII.  3,  183.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  V.  627.] 

Parts  Used.— The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Lycopersicufn,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  Jive  parts  alcohol ;   3x   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

LYCOPODIUM  CLAVATUM.  Club  Moss. 

Natural  Order.—  Lycopodiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Lycopodium  inflexum,  Muscus  clavatus,  M. 
squamosus  vulgaris,  M.  terrestris  repens,  M.  ursinus,  Pes  leoninus,  P. 
ursinus ;  English,  Club  moss,  Stag's  horn,  Witch  meal,  Wolf's  claw, 
Vegetable  sulphur;  French,  Soufre  vegetal;  German,  Barlappsamen. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  trailing  plant,  with  roots  of  several 
strong,  scattered  fibers,  resembling  a  wolf's  foot.  The  stem  creeps 
extensively,  and  gives  off  at  intervals  solitary,  straight,  simple,  wiry 
shoots,  with  very  leafy  ascending  branches,  the  fertile  terminating  in 
a  slender  peduncle,  bearing  two  or  three  linear  cylindrical  spikes. 
The  leaves  are  numerous,  small,  persistent  for  many  years,  scattered, 
incurved  linear  and  light-green.  The  brown  flowers  appear  in  July 
and  August  in  erect  spikes,  mostly  in  pairs,  each  composed  of  an  axis 
and  many  closely  appressed  scales.  In  the  axils  of  the  scales  are  very 
minute,  more  or  less  flattened,  reniform,  coriaceous,  one-celled  spores, 
forming  together  a  pale-yellow  powder.  This  powder  is  inodorous, 
tasteless,  floating  on  and  not  wet  by  water,  showing  under  the  micro- 


3/6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

scope  four-sided  reticulated  granules  with  short  projections  on  the 
edges ;  under  long-continued  trituration,  whereby  the  shell  of  the 
spores  is  broken,  it  becomes  a  lightish-brown  unctuous  mass. 

Habitat. —  Europe  and  United  States  ;  found  in  dry  woods  and 
hilly  pastures,  especially  northward.  Fig.,  Winkler,  90;  Goullon,  296; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  279;  Millspaugh,  180. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  lukos,  a  wolf,  and  pes,  a  foot ;  used 
in  medicine  principally  as  an  absorbent  application  in  excoriations  until 
introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1828,  by  a  proving  of  Hahne- 
mann,  Chron.  Krank.  ist  ed.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  -Med.  VI.  i  ; 
X.  577-] 

Part  Used.— The  spores. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher;  the  ix  and  2x  should  be  freshly 

made  and  thoroughly  triturated. 

b.  Tincttire  (f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Lycopodium,  previously  triturated  for  many  hours,  to  break 

the  spores,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  a  siifficient  quantity. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications :   ix  and  higher. 

N.  B.  To  obtain  satisfactory  preparations  of  lycopodium,  much 
time  and  labor  must  be  employed  in  the  process  of  triturating  the 
spores,  that  the  oil  contained  therein  may  be  extracted ;  this  can  be 
most  effectively  accomplished  by  grinding  with  milk-sugar.  The 
trituration,  therefore,  is  without  doubt  the  most  reliable  form  of 
preparation. 

LYCOPUS  VIRGINICUS.  Bugle  Weed. 

Natural  Order. —  Labiatse. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Lycopus  macrophyllus,  L.  pumilus,  L.  uni- 
florus ;  English,  American  archangel,  Bitter  bugle,  Bugle  weed,  Gipsey 
weed,  Gipsey  wort,  Paul's  betony,  Red  archangel,  Sweet  bugle,  Water 
bugle,  Water  horehound,  Virginia  horehound;  French,  Lycope  de 
Virginie ;  German,  Virginischer. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  377 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  creeping  root. 
The  stem  from  6  to  18  inches  high,  obtusely  four-angled,  with  long, 
slender  runners  from  the  base,  is  smooth,  often  purplish.  The  leaves 
are  3  inches  long,  opposite,  entire  toward  the  base  and  short-petioled, 
ovate-lanceolate,  the  lower  pinnatifid,  the  upper  remotely-serrate, 
somewhat  rough,  purplish,  and  beset  with  granular  dots  on  the  under 
surface.  The  small  white  flowers  appear  from  June  to  September,  in 
axillary,  sessile,  small  capitate  clusters.  The  whole  plant  has  a  mint- 
like  odor  and  aromatic  taste. 

Habitat. —  North  America  and  temperate  regions  of  Europe,  Asia 
and  Australia  northward;  common  in  shady,  moist  places.  Fig., 
Millspaugh,  1 17. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  lukos,  a  wolf,  and  pes,  a  foot,  from 
fancied  resemblance  of  the  cut  leaves  to  a  wolf's  foot.  Mentioned  in 
homoeopathic  literature  in  1855,  N.  A.  J.  of  Horn.  IV.  114.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  69.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Lycopus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

MAGNESIA  CARBONICA.  Magnesium  Carbonate. 

Magnesium  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Approximately  (MgCO3)4  Mg(OH)2.  5H2  O; 
484.62. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Magnesii  carbonas,  Magnesiae  carbonas,  Mag- 
nesium carbonicum,  Magnesia  hydrico-carbonica,  Carbonas  magnesi- 
cus ;  English,  Carbonate  of  magnesium,  Magnesic  carbonate ;  French, 
Carbonate  de  magnesie,  Magnetic  blanche;  German,  Magnesium- 
karbonat,  Weisse  Magnesia. 


378  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  light,  white,  odorless  powder,  with  a  mild  earthy 
taste.  Soluble  in  2500  parts  of  water  at  ordinary  temperature; 
insoluble  in  alcohol.  At  a  red  heat  it  is  decomposed  into  carbon 
dioxid,  leaving  a  residue  of  magnesium  oxid  ;  it  is  decomposed  by 
acids,  giving  off  carbon  dioxid.  It  is  prepared  from  magnesium  sulfate 
and  sodium  carbonate.  Light  and  heavy  magnesium  carbonates  differ 
in  the  degree  of  aggregation  of  their  molecules.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  VI.  85. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


MAGNESIA  MURIATICA.  Magnesium  Chlorid 

Magnesium  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  MgCl2  ;  95.04. 

Synonyms.—  Latin,  Magnesii  chloridum ;  English,  Chloride  of 
magnesium,  Magnesic  chloride,  Muriate  of  magnesia  ;  French,  Chlorure 
de  magnesium ;  German,  Chlor  Magnesium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  odorless  crystals,  having  a 
bitter  saline  taste;  very  deliquescent  in  air.  Soluble  in  1.8  parts  of 
water  and  in  7  parts  of  alcohol  at  15°  C.  It  melts  to  a  clear  liquid  at 
a  low,  red  heat.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  colorless,  crystalline 
precipitate  with  sodium  phosphate,  soluble  in  hydrochloric  acid.  It 
can  not  be  prepared  directly  by  the  evaporation  of  a  solution  of 
magnesium  chlorid,  obtained  with  ammonium  carbonate  and  hydro- 
chloric acid,  as  this  solution  is  decomposed  into  hydrochloric  acid  and 
magnesium  oxid  when  heated;  to  prevent  this  decomposition, 
ammonium  chlorid  is  added  to  the  solution  and  the  ammonium  mag- 
nesium chlorid  decomposed  at  a  red  heat,  leaving  pure  magnesium 
chlorid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  112. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  2x  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <f>:  -^  in  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

e.  Aqueous  Solution:  ix  and  higher;  for  immediate  use  only. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  379 

MAGNESIA  OXYDATA.  Magnesia. 

Magnesium  Oxid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  MgO;  40.26. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Magnesia,  M.  usta,  M.  levis,  M.  calcinata; 
English,  Light  magnesia,  Calcined  magnesia;  French,  Magnetic 
calcine'e ;  German,  Gebrannte  Magnesia. 

Description. — A  white,  very  fine,  light,  odorless  powder,  with  a  mild 
alkaline  taste.  Soluble  in  5142  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  insoluble  in 
alcohol.  Heated  to  a  red  heat  it  emits  a  very  brilliant  white  light. 
It  dissolves  in  acid,  and  this  solution,  when  saturated  with  ammonium 
hydrate,  gives  a  colorless,  crystalline  precipitate  with  sodium  phos- 
phate; soluble  in  hydrochloric  acid.  It  is  obtained  by  heating  mag- 
nesium carbonate  to  a  red  heat. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


MAGNESIA  PHOSPHORICA.        Magnesium  Phosphate. 
Magnesium  Phosphate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— MgHPO47H2O;  238.82. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Magnesii  phosphas;  English,  Phosphate  of 
magnesium,  Hydric  magnesic  phosphate ;  French,  Phosphate  de  mag- 
ne"sie;  German,  Phosphorsaures  Magnesia. 

Description. — Thrown  down  from  soluble  magnesium  salts  by 
disodium  phosphate  as  a  white  precipitate.  Difficultly  soluble  in 
water;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  The  tertiary  phosphate,  (PO4)2Mg3, 
accompanies  in  small  quantity  the  tertiary  calcium  phosphate  in  bones 
and  ashes  of  plants;  the  primary  salt,  (PO4H2)2Mg,  has  not  as  yet 
been  obtained. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


380  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

MAGNESIA  SULPHURICA.  Magnesium  Sulfate. 

Magnesium  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— MgSO47H2O;  245.84. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Magnesii  sulphas,  Magnesiae  sulphas,  Mag- 
nesium sulfuricum,  Sal  amarum,  Sal  Epsomense,  Sal  anglicum,  Sal 
Sedliceuse,  Sulfas  magnesicus;  English,  Sulphate  of  magnesium, 
Magnesic  sulphate,  Epsom  salt ;  French,  Sulfate  de  magnesie,  Sel 
d'Epsom,  Sel  de  Sedlitz;  German,  Magnesiumsulfat,  Schwefelsaures 
Magnesia. 

Description. —  Consists  of  small,  transparent,  colorless,  odorless, 
crystalline  needles,  with  a  bitter,  saline  taste;  efflorescent  in  dry  air. 
Soluble  in  1.5  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  When 
heated  it  melts  and  gives  off  six  molecules  of  water ;  at  a  red  heat  the 
last  molecule  of  water  is  disengaged.  Its  aqueous. solution  gives  with 
barium  chlorid  a  white  precipitate,  insoluble  in  hydrochloric  acid ; 
with  an  excess  of  ammonium  hydrate  and  sodium  phosphate  it  gives  a 
colorless,  crystalline  precipitate,  appearing  immediately  in  concen- 
trated solution,  but  only  after  some  hours  in  diluted  solutions.  It  is 
prepared  from  magnesium  carbonate  and  sulfuric  acid.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  131. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :  ix  and  higher. 

MAGNOLIA  GLAUCA.  Magnolia. 

Natural  Order. —  Magnoliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Magnolia  fragrans,  M.  longifolia,  M.  virginiana, 
var.  glauca;  English,  Beaver  tree,  Magnolia,  Laurel,  Small  or  laurel 
magnolia,  Swamp  sassafras,  Sweet  or  white  bay,  White  laurel ;  French, 
Magnolier  glauque  ;  German,  Graugriine  Magnolie. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  deciduous  shrub,  or  tree,  4  to  40  feet 
high,  with  bright,  smooth,  green  twigs,  scarred  with  rings  at  the 
insertion  of  the  leaves  by  the  fall  of  the  stipules.  The  leaves  are 
alternate,  scattered  along  the  branches,  feathered-veined,  oblong-ovate, 
obtuse,  shining  above,  glaucous  and  white  beneath,  marked  with 
minute  transparent  dots.  The  globular  white  flowers  appear  from 
May  to  August,  are  single,  terminal,  2  inches  long  and  very  fragrant. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  381 

Habitat. —  North  America ;  found  in  swamps  from  Massachusetts 
southward  near  the  coast,  and  as  far  west  as  Cumberland  county  in 
Pennsylvania ;  only  a  shrub  in  the  northern  states,  and  an  evergreen 
tree,  attaining  the  height  of  40  feet,  in  the  south.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  12. 

History. —  Named  for  Pierre  Magnol.  The  bark  was  officinal  in 
the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia  until  recently.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic 
literature  by  Dr.  Jones  in  1875,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  XII.  304.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Mat.  VI.  142.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  flowers. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Magnolia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  50x3 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

MANCINELLA.  ManchineeL 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Hippomane  mancinella,  Mancinella  venenata; 
English,  Manchineel,  Manchioneal ;  French,  Mancenillier  ve"ne"neux ;. 
German,  Manschinapfel. 

Description. —  A  very  poisonous  evergreen  tree,  12  to  15  feet  high, 
with  grayish  bark,  white  soft  wood  and  branching  top,  giving  it  the 
appearance  of  a  fruit  tree.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  long-petioled, 
oval,  somewhat  cordate,  acute,  finely  serrate,  shining,  with  a  roundish, 
depressed,  brownish  gland  at  the  junction  with  the  petiole.  The 
flowers  are  monoecious,  in  long,  lax,  terminal  spikes,  the  male  about 
30  in  number  above,  the  female,  solitary,  sessile,  axillary  below. 

Habitat. —  Found  on  the  seacoast  of  the  West  India  Islands.  Fig.,. 
Mure,  Path.  Bres. 

History. —  Name  from  hippo,  a  horse,  and  mane,  madness,  given 
by  the  Greeks  to  a  plant  which  made  horses  furious.  It  was  believed 
to  be  fatal  to  sleep  under  the  branches.  The  whole  tree  abounds  with 


382  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

a  white,  poisonous,  very  caustic  milk,  which  acts  as  an  escharotic. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1849,  by  Dr.  Mure,  Pathogen. 
Bresil.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  142.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  fruit,  leaves  and  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  -£$. 
Mancinella,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

MANGANUM  ACETICUM.  Manganous  Acetate. 

Manganum  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Mn(C2H3O2)2;  174.52. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Manganesii  acetas,  Acetas  manganosus; 
English,  Acetate  of  manganese,  Manganous  acetate ;  French,  Acetate 
de  manganese  ;  German,  Essigsaurer  Braunstein. 

Description. —  Consists  of  pale-red,  odorless,  permanent,  trans- 
parent plates,  having  an  acid,  metallic  taste.  Soluble  in  3.5  parts  of 
water  at  15°  C.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  151. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

MANGANUM  CARBONICUM.  Manganous  Carbonate. 
Manganum  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  MnCO3  ;  114.65. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Mangani  carbonas,  Manganesii  carbonas; 
English,  Carbonate  of  manganese,  Manganous  carbonate;  French, 
Carbonate  de  manganese ;  German,  Kohlensaurer  Braunstein. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  383 

Description. —  A  pale-red,  tasteless  powder;  permanent  in  air. 
Soluble  in  7680  parts  of  water  at  ordinary  temperature,  and  in  3480 
parts  of  water,  saturated  with  carbon  dioxid,  at  the  pressure  of  the 
atmosphere;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  Heated  to  redness  in  the  air  it 
assumes  a  dark-brown  color  and  is  converted  into  manganous-manganic 
oxid ;  ignited  in  hydrogen  it  gives  a  greenish-gray  manganous  oxid ; 
when  recently  prepared  it  is  soluble  in  ammonium  salts.  It  is  pre- 
pared by  precipitating  manganous  salts  with  sodium  carbonate. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  151. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


MANGANUM  MURIATICUM.          Manganous  Chlorid. 
Manganum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— MnCl2.4H2O  ;  197.38. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Mangani  chloridum;  English,  Chloride  of 
manganum,  Manganese  chlorid. 

Description. —  Consists  of  pale  rose-colored  masses,  of  a  crystalline 
texture,  odorless,  and  deliquescent.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  1.5  parts  of 
water  and  in  2  parts  of  alcohol.  It  melts  to  an  oily  liquid  at  a  dull- 
red  heat ;  is  decomposed  by  heat  in  a  moist  atmosphere,  giving  off 
hydrochloric  acid  and  leaving  a  residue  of  manganous-manganic  oxid. 
It  is  prepared  with  dry  chlorin  gas  and  manganous  carbonate.  Men- 
tioned in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  165. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <f>:  -^,  with  dilute  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions ;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 


MANGANUM  OXYDATUM  NIGRUM. 

Manganum  Oxid.  Manganous  Oxid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  MnO2;  86.72. 


384  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Mangani  dioxidum,  Mangani  oxidum  nigrum, 
Manganesii  oxidum  nigrum,  Manganum  hyperoxydatum,  Oxidum 
manganicum ;  English,  Manganese  dioxide,  Manganese  peroxide,  Black 
oxide  of  manganese,  Pyrolusite ;  French,  Oxyde  (Peroxyde)  de  man- 
ganese; German,  Braunstein  Mangansuperoxyd. 

Description. — Consists  of  iron-black,  or  steel-gray,  opaque,  lustrous, 
crystalline  and  amorphous  masses,  or  of  rhombic  crystals ;  specific 
gravity  4.82.  It  has  at  the  same  time,  both  feebly  basic  and  feebly 
acid  properties.  It  seldom  occurs  pure,  but  is  generally  combined 
with  other  manganese  ores,  and  also  contains  silica,  ferric  oxid  and 
traces  of  the  oxids  of  cobalt  and  nickel.  It  is  obtained  pure,  artificially, 
by  boiling  out  the  residue  resulting  from  a  moderate  ignition  of  its 
nitrate  with  nitric  acid.  The  residue  thus  secured  is  well  washed  and 
moderately  heated.  This  salt  is  obtained  in  Thuringia,  Bohemia  and 
Moravia,  also  in  France,  Spain,  and  abundantly  in  certain  sections  of 
the  United  States.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  166. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


MELILOTUS  ALBA.  White  Melilot 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Melilotus  leucantha,  M.  officinalis,  van  alba,  M. 
vulgaris ;  English,  White  melilot,  Sweet-scented  clover. 

Description. —  An  annual  or  biennial  he'rb,  2  to  4  feet  high.  The 
leaves  are  petioled,  tripinnate,  with  truncate,  serrate  leaflets  and  awl- 
shaped  stipules.  The  small  white  flowers  appear  from  July  to 
September  in  spiked  racemes.  The  plant  is  very  fragrant  on  drying. 

Habitat. —  India  and  Europe;  naturalized  in  the  United  States; 
found  eastward  and  in  New  York,  in  waste  or  cultivated  grounds. 

History. —  Provings,  together  with  those  of  Melilotus  officinalis, 
made  in  1870,  by  Dr.  Bowen,  U.  S.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.  V.  317. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  176;  X.  577.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  flowering  tops. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  385 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Melilotus  alba,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

MELILOTUS  OFFIdNALIS.  Yellow  Melilot. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Trifolium  officinale;  English,  King's  or  sweet 
clover,  Melilot,  Sweet,  white  or  yellow  melilot;  French,  Me"lilot; 
German,  Steinklee,  Melilotenklee. 

Description. — An  annual  herb,  2  to  4  feet  high,  erect,  with  spread- 
ing branches.  The  leaves  are  tripinnate,  with  lanceolate,  oblong, 
obtuse,  remotely-serrate  leaflets.  The  yellow  flowers  appear  from 
July  to  September,  with  short  pedicels,  in  axillary  racemes.  The 
whole  plant  is  very  fragrant  when  drying. 

Habitat. —  Southern  and  central  Europe;  in  the  United  States, 
common  in  waste  or  cultivated  grounds.  Fig.,  Goullon,  69;  Mills- 
paugh,  49. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1870,  by  prov- 
ings  by  Dr.  Bowen,  U.  S.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.  V.  317.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  176;  X.  577.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  flowering  tops. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
'  Melilotus  officinalis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


386  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  Jive  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


MENISPERMUM  CANADENSE.  Moonseed. 

Natural  Order. —  Menispermaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cissampelos  smilacina,  Menispermum  angula- 
tum,  M.  smilacinum;  English,  Canada  wormwood,  Canadian  moon- 
seed,  Moonseed,  Texas  sarsaparilla,  Vine  maple,  Yellow  parilla; 
French,  Menisperme  du  Canada ;  German,  Canadisches  Mondkorn. 

Description. —  A  woody,  evergreen  vine,  with  a  long,  cylindrical, 
yellow  root.  The  stem  is  slender,  8  to  15  feet  long.  The  leaves  are 
alternate,  palmate,  peltate,  cordate,  roundish,  three-  to  seven-angled,  or 
lobed,  with  petioles  inserted  near  the  base  and  about  the  length  of  the 
leaves.  The  small  greenish-yellow  or  white  flowers  appear  in  June 
and  July  in  axillary  panicles. 

Habitat. —  Eastern  United  States;  found  on  banks  of  streams. 
Fig.,  Millspaugh,  14. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  mene,  moon,  and  sperma,  seed,  so 
called  on  account  of  the  crescent  shape  of  the  seeds.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1873,  by  Dr.  Hale,  New  Rem.  3d  ed.  318. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  177.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  -£$. 
Menispermum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  387 

MENTHA  PIPERITA.  Peppermint. 

Natural  Order. —  Labiatse. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Mentha  hircina,  M.  officinalis,  M.  viridi  aqua- 
tica  ;  English,  Peppermint ;  French,  Menthe  poivree  ;  German,  Pfeffer- 
minze. 

Description. —  An  odorous,  perennial  herb,  with  creeping,  spreading 
rhizome,  multiplying  by  underground  shoots.  The  stem  is  square,  I 
to  3  feet  high,  somewhat  hirsute.  The  leaves  are  2  to  3  inches  long, 
opposite,  petioled,  ovate,  oblong,  rounded,  acute,  sharply  serrate,  dark- 
green  and  smooth  above,  paler  below,  with  numerous  glands,  sparingly 
pubescent  on  the  nerves.  The  small,  purple  flowers  appear  during 
the  summer,  forming  mostly  terminal,  interrupted  spikes  or  heads. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  parts  of  Asia  and  Africa,  and  North  America, 
in  low  grounds,  along  brooks;  cultivated.  Fig.,  Goullon,  210;  Bent, 
and  Trim.  203  ;  Millspaugh,  1 16. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  Mintha,  a  mythological  character. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1853,  by  a  proving  by  Dr. 
Demeures,  J.  d.  1.  Soc.  Gal.  IV.  115.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI. 
1 80;  X.  578.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Mentha  piperita,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

MENYANTHES  TRIFOLIATA.  Buckbean. 

Natural  Order. —  Gentianaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Trifolium  amarum,  T.  aquaticum,  T.  fibrinum ; 
English,  Bitter  worm,  Bogbean,  Brookbean,  Buckbean,  Marsh  trefoil, 


388  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Water  shamrock ;  French,  Trefle  d'eau  (demarais);  German,  Fieberklee, 
Dreiblatt. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  a  rhizome  penetrating  hori- 
zontally a  great  distance  into  the  bog,  marked  by  the  remains  of 
sheaths  of  previous  petioles.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  trifoliate,  and 
arise  from  the  rhizome  on  long  petioles  with  broad,  sheathing  stipules 
at  the  base,  with  pale,  ovate,  nearly  sessile,  irregularly  edged,  glab- 
rous, somewhat  fleshy  leaflets,  \y2  to  3  inches  long,  with  prominent 
mid-ribs.  The  few  white  or  pinkish  flowers  appear  in  May  and  June,  on 
a  round  scape  having  a  smooth,  conical  raceme  3  inches  long,  on  stout, 
glabrous  pedicels  from  the  axils  of  the  previous  year's  leaves.  The 
whole  plant,  especially  the  root,  is  intensely  bitter. 

Habitat. — Temperate  regions  of  the  Northern  Hemisphere.  In  the 
United  States,  Pennsylvania  and  New  England,  common  in  boggy 
soil.  Fig.,  Winkler,  93;  Jahr  and  Cat.  236;  Bent,  and  Trim.  184; 
Millspaugh,  129. 

History. —  Name  signifying  mensis,  a  month,  and  anthos,  a  flower. 
The  leaves  were  formerly  officinal,  and  were  used  in  Lapland  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  hops.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1826,  by 
Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L.  2d  ed.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  183.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 
Menyanthes,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts    alcohol;   3x    and    higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

MERCURIALIS  PERENNIS.  Dog's  Mercury. 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cynocrambes,  Mercurialis  montane ;  English, 
Dog's  mercury  ;  French,  Mercurials  vivace  ;  German,  Bingelkraut. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  389 

Description. — A  deciduous  herb,  with  extensively  creeping  root. 
The  stem,  I  foot  high,  is  square,  branchless,  leafy  above.  The 
leaves,  2  to  3  inches  long,  are  opposite,  petioled,  ovate,  acute,  serrate, 
rough,  with  small  stipules.  The  green  flowers  appear  in  April  and 
May,  in  long,  lateral,  erect  spikes;  the  barren,  more  numerous  than 
the  fertile  ones,  on  separate  plants,  also  in  spikes,  the  latter  being  less 
evident  because  concealed  among  the  upper  leaves.  The  whole  plant 
is  very  poisonous,  and  is  not  eaten  by  any  animal.  The  male  and 
female  plants  are  not  intermixed,  but  each  sort  grows  in  large  patches, 
and  increases  by  the  root  rather  than  from  seed. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  in  shady,  mountainous  forests,  in  strong  or 
moist  soil. 

History. —  Name  from  the  god  Mercury;  possibly  corrupted  from 
muliercularis  —  useful  to  women.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1843,  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Hesse,  Archiv.  XXI.  2,  141. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  193.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  T^. 
Mercurialis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  537  Cc.  =  637 

Strong  alcohol,  500  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


MERCURIUS  ACETICUS.  Mercurous  Acetate. 

Mercurius  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Hg  (C2H3O2);  259.66. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Mercurius  acetatus;  English,  Acetate  of  mer- 
cury, Mercurous  acetate,  Subacetate  of  mercury ;  French,  Acetate  de 
mercure;  German,  Essigsaures  Quecksilber. 


3QO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  brilliant  prisms  having  a 
sharp,  metallic  taste.  Permanent  in  air.  Soluble  in  i  part  water  at 
15°  C. ;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  It  is  decomposed  by  heat  into  carbon 
dioxid,  acetic  acid  and  metallic  mercury.  It  is  obtained  by  dissolving 
red  oxid  of  mercury  in  warm  acetic  acid,  and  should  be  kept  well 
stoppered  and  protected  from  the  light.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Ency- 
clopedia, VI.  235. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


MERCURIUS  SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS. 

Mercurius  Corrosivus.  Mercuric  Chlorid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  HgCl2  ;  270.54. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hydrargyri  chloridum  corrosivum,  Hydrargyri 
perchloridum,  Hydrargyrum  bichloratum,  Hydrargyrum  muriaticum 
corrosivum,  Hydrargyri  bichloridum ;  English,  Corrosive  mercuric 
chlorid,  Perchloride  of  mercury,  Corrosive  sublimate,  Bichloride  of 
mercury ;  French,  Sublime  corrosif,  Chlorure  mercurique ;  German, 
Quecksilberchlorid. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  prismatic  crystals,  or  heavy, 
white  crystalline  masses,  odorless,  and  of  a  strong  metallic  taste. 
Permanent  in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  16  parts  of  water  and  in  3 
parts  of  alcohol.  It  melts  at  265°  C.,  forming  a  colorless  liquid,  and 
volatilizes  at  300°  C.  without  residue.  Its  aqueous  solution  has  an 
acid  reaction,  and  decomposes  on  exposure  to  light,  mercurous  chlorid 
being  formed  and  hydrochloric  acid  liberated  ;  this  decomposition  can 
be  prevented  by  free  hydrochloric  acid  or  ammonium  chlorid.  It 
gives  a  yellow  precipitate  with  calcium  hydrate ;  a  black  precipitate 
with  hydrogen  sulfid ;  a  white,  curdy  precipitate  with  argentic  nitrate, 
and  a  bright-red  precipitate  with  potassium  iodid.  It  coagulates 
albumen.  This  salt  is  obtained  from  mercuric  sulfate  and  sodium 
chlorid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  236 ;  X.  579.  An 
active  poison.  Maximum  dose  %  grain. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  3QI 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  ^  in  strong  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:  2x  and  higher. 

MERCURIUS  CYANATUS.  Mercuric  Cyanid. 

Mercurius  Cyanid. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Hg(CN)2 ;  251.76. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Hydrargyri  cyanidum,  Mercurii  cyanuretum, 
Hydrargyrum  cyanatum,  H.  borussicum,  Mercurius  cyanatus,  s. 
borussicus ;  English,  Cyanuret  of  mercury,  Bicyanide  of  mercury ; 
French,  Cyanure  de  mercure ;  German,  Cyanquecksilber. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  odorless  prisms,  having  an 
extremely  bitter,  metallic  taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  12.8  parts  of 
water  and  in  1 5  parts  of  alcohol.  When  submitted  to  heat  it  decom- 
poses into  metallic  mercury  and  cyanogen  gas,  burning  with  a  purple 
flame.  On  further  heating,  the  black  residue,  consisting  of  paracy- 
anogen  and  mercury,  is  entirely  volatilized.  The  salt  is  decomposed 
by  hydrochloric  acid,  with  formation  of  hydrocyanic  acid  and  mercuric 
chlorid.  Its  aqueous  solution  yields  a  black  precipitate  with  hydrogen 
sulfid,  but  gives  no  precipitate  with  potassium  iodid  or  argentic  nitrate, 
double  compounds  soluble  in  water  being  formed.  It  is  obtained  by 
dissolving  mercuric  oxid  in  hydrocyanic  acid,  and  is  very  poisonous. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  263.  Maximum  dose  %  grain. 
It  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles,  protected  from  the  light. 

PREPARATIONS. 


a.  Tincture  <f>  :  y^  in  strong  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions:  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:  2x  and  higher. 


MERCURIUS  DULCIS.  Mercurous  Chlorid. 

Mercurius  Dulcis. 

Chemical  Symbol.  —  Hg2Cl2  ;  470.34. 


392  THE   PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hydrargyri  chloridum  mite,  H.  subchloridum, 
Hydrargyrum  chloratum  (muriaticum)  dulce,  Calomelas,  Chloruretum 
hydrargyrosum ;  English,  Mild  mercurous  chloride,  Subchloride  of 
mercury,  Calomel ;  French,  Protochlorure  de  mercure ;  German, 
Quecksilberchlorur. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  fibrous,  crystalline  masses,  or  more 
generally  of  a  heavy,  white,  smooth,  impalpable  powder,  odorless  and 
tasteless.  Insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  When  heated  it  sublimes 
entirely  without  previous  fusion.  Boiled  with  water,  metallic  mercury 
separates  and  mercuric  chlorid  is  formed.  In  contact  with  ammonium 
hydrate,  it  turns  black ;  the  same  reaction  is  produced  with  calcium, 
potassium  and  sodium  hydrates.  Heated  with  sodium  carbonate,  it  is 
decomposed,  metallic  mercury  and  sodium  chlorid  being  formed.  It 
is  prepared  from  mercurous  sulfate  and  sodium  chlorid.  The  mixture 
of  the  dry  salts  is  heated  and  the  mercurous  chlorid  sublimes,  leaving 
a  residue  of  sodium  sulfate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI. 
266. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

MERCURIUS  IODATUS  FLAVUS.  Mercurous  lodid. 
Mercurius  Protoiodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Hg2I2 ;  652.66. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  flavum,  Mercurii  iodidum, 
Hydrargyri  iodidum  viride,  Hydrargyrii  proto-ioduretum,  loduretum 
hydrargyrosum ;  English,  Yellow  mercurous  iodide,  Green  iodide  of 
mercury,  Protoiodide  of  mercury,  yellow  or  green  ;  French,  Proto- 
iodure  de  mercure;  German,  Quecksilberjodiir. 

Description. —  A  yellow,  unstable,  amorphous  powder,  without  odor 
or  taste.  Insoluble  in  water  or  alcphol.  On  exposure  to  light  it  is 
transformed  into  red  mercuric  acid.  When  heated  it  turns  red-brown, 
and  sublimes  without  residue.  It  is  prepared  from  mercurous  nitrate 
and  potassium  iodid.  It  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles, 
protected  from  the  light.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  269. 
PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  393 

MERCURIUS  IODATUS  RUBER.  Mercuric  lodid. 

Mercurius  Biniodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. — HgI2 ;  452.86. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum,  Hydrargyrum 
biiodatum,  Mercurius  biniodatus,  Deutoioduretum  (biniodidum) 
hydrargyri,  loduretum  hydrargyricum ;  English,  Red  iodide  of  mer- 
cury, Biniodide  of  mercury;  French,  lodure  mercurique;  German, 
Rothes  Jodquecksilber,  Quecksilberjodid. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  brilliant  red,  crystalline  powder,  or  of 
prismatic  needles,  without  odor,  and  of  a  faint  metallic  taste.  It  is 
permanent  in  air.  Is  discolored  by  light,  becoming  yellow,  and  must 
therefore  be  kept  in  a  dark  place.  Is  almost  insoluble  in  water ; 
soluble  in  130  parts  of  alcohol  at  15°  C.  It  turns  yellow  before 
fusing,  which  occurs  at  240°  C.,  and  at  a  higher  temperature  sublimes 
in  bright-yellow,  tabular  crystals,  which  become  red  on  cooling. 
Heated  with  sulfuric  acid  and  manganese  dioxid,  violet  vapors  of 
iodin  are  given  off.  It  is  prepared  from  mercuric  chlorid  and  potas- 
sium iodid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  282.  A  poison. 
Maximum  dose  %  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  I  x  and  higher. 


MERCURIUS  NITRICUS.  Mercuric  Nitrate. 

Mercurius  Nitrate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Hg(NO3)2 ;  323.58. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hydrargyrum  nitricum;  English,  Nitrate  of 
mercury. 

Description. —  Consists  of  large,  yellowish  crystals,  having  a  strong 
metallic  taste ;  deliquescent  in  air.  Readily  soluble  in  a  small  amount 
of  water,  decomposed  by  a  large  quantity,  freely  soluble  in  water 
acidulated  with  nitric  acid.  It  is  decomposed  by  heat,  without  residue. 
Its  solutions  give  with  potassium  iodid  a  bright-red  precipitate,  soluble 


394  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

in  an  excess  of  precipitant.  It  deposits  metallic  mercury  upon  copper. 
This  salt  is  prepared  from  mercury  and  nitric  acid.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  292.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  %  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

MERCURIUS  PR^ECIPITATUS  ALBUS. 

Mercurius  Praecipitatus  Albus.     Mercur-Ammonium  ChloricL 

Chemical  Symbol.— NH 2 HgCl;  251.18. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hydrargyrum  ammoniatum,  H.  praecipitatum 
album,  H.  amidato-bichloratum  (ammoniato-muriaticum),  Hydrargyri 
ammonio-chloridum ;  English,  Ammoniated  mercury,  Mercuric- 
ammonic  chloride,  White  precipitate;  French,  Chloramidure  de  mer- 
cure,  Mercure  precipite  blanc ;  German,  Weisser  Quecksilberpracipitat, 
Quecksilber-Chloridamidid. 

Description. —  A  white,  amorphous,  odorless  powder,  having  a 
styptic,  metallic  taste.  Almost  insoluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol. 
At  a  red  heat  it  is  entirely  volatilized.  Heated  with  sodium  hydrate 
solution  it  turns  yellow,  and  ammonia  gas  is  given  off.  It  is  entirely 
soluble  in  hydrochloric  acid.  It  is  prepared  from  mercuric  chlorid 
and  ammonium  hydrate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI. 
294 ;  X.  583.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  ^  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

MERCURIUS  PR^CIPITATUS  RUBER 

Mercurius  Praecipitatus  Ruber.  Mercuric  OxicL 

Chemical  Symbol. —  HgO  ;  2 1 5.76. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hydrargyri  oxidum  rubrum,  Hydrargyrum 
oxydatum,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxidum,  Mercurius  corrosivus  (praecipi- 
tatus)  ruber,  Oxydum  hydrargyricum ;  English,  Red  mercuric  oxide, 
Peroxide  of  mercury,  Red  precipitate ;  French,  Deutoxide  (peroxyde) 
rouge  de  mercure,  Precipite  rouge ;  German,  Rothes  Quecksilberoxyd, 
Rother  Pracipitat. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  395 

Description. —  A  granular,  yellowish-red,  odorless  powder,  at  first 
tasteless,  but  after  some  time  developing  a  faint  metallic  taste.  It  is 
insoluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol,  but  is  dissolved  by  hydrochloric  and 
nitric  acids.  On  exposure  to  light  it  assumes  a  dark-brown  color. 
Heated  to  400°  C.  it  turns  black,  reassuming  its  original  color  on  cool- 
ing. At  a  red  heat  it  is  decomposed  into  oxygen  gas  and  metallic 
mercury.  It  may  be  obtained  from  a  mixture  of  mercuric  nitrate  and 
metallic  mercury.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  295 ;  X. 
584.  Very  poisonous.  Maximum  dose,  %  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


MERCURIUS  SOLUBILIS  HAHNEMANNL 
Mercurius  Solubulis.  Hahnemann's  Soluble  Mercury. 

Chemical  Symbol — Approximately,  Hg4ON.H2NO3+NH4NO3. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hydrargyrum  oxydum  nigrum  Hahnemanni, 
H.  oxydulatum  nitricum  ammoniatum,  Dimercurosammonium  nitrate; 
English,  Mercury  oxide  black  Hahnemann,  Ammoniated  nitrate  of 
mercury ;  French,  Mercure  soluble  de  Hahnemann  ;  German,  Hahne- 
mann's  Anflosliches  Quecksilber. 

Description. —  A  heavy,  grayish-black  powder,  of  a  slightly  acrid, 
metallic  taste.  Insoluble  in  water,  alcohol,  or  ether.  It  is  entirely 
volatilized  by  heat  with  decomposition.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Ency- 
clopedia, VI.  296. 

This  preparation  was  discovered  by  Hahnemann,  but  its  use  was 
later  abandoned  by  him,  he  signifying  his  preference  for  pure  mercury 
(mercurius  vivus).  The  process  recommended  by  him  is  as  follows:  — 

"  Having  purified  the  mercury  it  is  dissolved  cold  in  common  nitric 
acid,  which  requires  many  days.  The  salt  which  results  is  dried  on 
blotting  paper,  and  triturated  in  a  glass  mortar  for  half  an  hour,  adding 
one-fourth  of  its  weight  of  the  best  alcohol ;  the  alcohol,  which  has 
been  converted  into  ether,  is  thrown  aside,  and  the  trituration  of  the 
mercurial  is  continued  with  fresh  alcohol  for  half  an  hour  each  time, 
until  this  fluid  no  longer  has  the  smell  of  ether.  That  being  done  the 
alcohol  is  decanted  and  the  salt  dried  on  blotting  paper,  which  is 


396  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

renewed  from  time  to  time ;  afterwards  it  is  triturated  for  a  quarter 
of  an  hour  in  a  glass  mortar  with  twice  its  weight  of  distilled  water  ; 
the  clear  fluid  is  decanted,  the  salt  is  again  washed  by  a  second 
trituration  with  a  fresh  quantity  of  water,  the  clear  fluid  is  united  to 
the  preceding,  and  thus  we  have  an  aqueous  solution  of  all  that  the 
saline  mass,  consisting  of  mercurial  nitrate,  really  saturated.  The 
residuum  is  composed  of  other  mercurial  salts,  of  chlorid  and  sulfate. 
Finally,  this  aqueous  solution  precipitates  by  caustic  ammonia,  the 
so-called  black  oxid  of  mercury  (blackish-gray  oxidule  of  mercury)." 

Hahnemann's  method  is  complex,  and  the  resulting  product  likely 
to  prove  unsatisfactory.  The  following  formula,  from  the  British 
Homoeopathic  Pharmacopoeia,  will  give  better  results  and  secure  uni- 
formity in  the  preparation  :  — 

Mercury,  by  weight,  85  Gm. 

Nitric  acid,  380  Cc. 

Ammonia,  strong  solution,  15  Cc. 
Distilled  water,  a  stifficient  quantity. 

"  Mix  the  nitric  acid  with  two  hundred  and  thirty-five  (235)  cubic 
centimeters  of  the  water  in  a  flask,  and  digest  the  mercury  in  mixture, 
applying  a  gradually  increased  heat  until  about  seventy  (70)  grammes 
of  the  metal  have  dissolved  and  a  small  portion  of  the  solution  diluted 
with  about  twenty  times  its  bulk  of  distilled  water  yields  a  perfectly 
black  precipitate  with  ammonia.  Dilute  the  hot  solution  with  three 
hundred  and  fifty  (350)  cubic  centimeters  of  the  water,  and,  while  warm, 
filter  it  into  a  vessel  containing  four  times  its  bulk  of  cold  distilled 
water.  Having  thoroughly  mixed  the  filtrate  with  the  water,  add  the 
solution  of  ammonia,  previously  diluted  with  two  hundred  and  ninety 
(290)  cubic  centimeters  of  distilled  water  in  a  thin  stream,  stirring 
constantly  meanwhile  ;  as  soon  as  the  precipitate  has  subsided,  decant 
the  supernatant  liquid,  shake  the  precipitate  with  a  fresh  portion  of 
distilled  water,  collect  it  on  a  filter,  wash  thoroughly,  and  dry  it 
between  folds  of  filtering  paper  without  the  aid  of  heat." 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations  :   ix  and  higher. 

It  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles,  protected  from  the 
light. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  397 

MERCURIUS  SULPHURATUS  NIGER. 

Mercurius  Sulfid  (black).  Mercury  Sub-Sulfid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Hg2S;  431.58. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Hydrargyri  sulphidum  nigrum,  ^thiops 
mineralis,  Hydrargyri  sub-sulphidum ;  English,  Sub-sulphide  of  mer- 
cury, Black  sulphuret  of  mercury. 

Description. — A  fine,  black,  heavy,  tasteless  and  odorless  powder, 
insoluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol.  Entirely  volatilized  by  strong  heat, 
forming  metallic  mercury  and  red  mercuric  sulfid.  It  is  made  by 
triturating  equal  parts  by  weight  of  mercury  and  sulfur  until  all 
metallic  globules  have  disappeared.  When  examined  under  a  strong 
lens,  it  should  not  show  any  free  globules  of  mercury. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


MERCURIUS  SULPHURICUS.  Mercuric  Sulfate. 

Mercurius  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  HgSO4  ;  295.62. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Hydrargyri  sulphas,  Hydrargyrum  sulphuri- 
cum,  Mercurius  vitriolatus,  Sulfas  mercuricus;  English,  Persulphate 
of  mercury,  Normal  mercuric  sulphate;  French,  Deuto-sulfate  (per- 
sulfate)  de  mercure,  Sulfate  mercurique;  German,  Schwefelsaures 
Quecksilberoxyd. 

Description. —  A  white,  crystalline  powder  of  a  strong,  saline, 
metallic  taste.  It  becomes  yellowish-brown  when  heated,  and  white 
again  on  cooling.  It  bears  an  incipient  red  heat  without  alteration, 
and  at  a  higher  temperature  volatilizes  completely,  with  partial  decom- 
position. In  contact  with  water  it  is  decomposed  with  the  formation 
of  a  yellow  powder.  It  is  obtained  from  metallic  mercury  and  sulfuric 
acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  325. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


398  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

MERCURIUS  VIVUS.  Mercury. 

Mercurius. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Hg;  199.8. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Hydrargyrum,  H.  vivum,  Argentum  vivum; 
English,  Quicksilver ;  French,  Mercure,  Vif-argent ;  German,  Queck- 
silber. 

Description. —  A  silver- white  metal,  without  odor  or  taste  ;  liquid 
at  the  ordinary  temperature.  Insoluble  in  water  or  alcohol.  It  boils 
at  350°  C.,  and  solidifies  at  —  39-5°  C.  It  does  not  oxidize  in  air,  but 
when  heated  is  transformed  into  mercuric  oxid,  which,  by  further 
application  of  heat,  is  decomposed  into  oxygen  gas  and  metallic 
mercury.  It  is  dissolved  by  nitric,  hydrochloric  and  sulfuric  acids,  and 
its  solution  gives  a  bright-red  precipitate  with  potassium  iodid.  It  is 
found  native.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  208 ;  X.  578. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :  ix  and  higher. 


MERCURIUS  ET  KALI  IODATUS. 

Mercurius  et  Kali  Iodid.  Potassium  Mercuric  Iodid. 

Chemical  Symbol — HgI22KI ;  783.98. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Potassium  iodohydrargyrate,  Mercurius  iodatus 
cum  Kali  iodato  ;  English,  Mercuric  potassic  iodide,  Iodide  of  mercury 
and  potassium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  long,  yellow  prisms,  having  a  strong 
metallic  taste.  Soluble  in  alcohol,  but  decomposed  by  water  and  by 
dilute  acids.  By  the  action  of  heat  it  gives  off  water,  then  melts  to  a 
red  liquid,  from  which  mercuric  iodid  separates.  It  is  prepared  with 
potassium  iodid  and  mercuric  oxid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher  ;  the  lower  triturations  prepared  fresh. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


MEZEREUM.  Mezereon. 

Natural  Order.  —  Thymelaceae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Chamaedaphne,  Chamaelia  germanica,  Coccus 
chamelacus,  C.  gnidus,  Daphne  gnidium,  D.  laureola,  D.  mezereum, 
Daphnoides,  Laureola,  Mezerum  germanicum,  M.  officinarum,  Thyme- 
lae  ;  English,  Mezereon,  Spurge  olive  ;  French,  Laure"ole  gentile  ;  Ger- 
man, Seidelbast,  Kellerhalls. 

Description.  —  A  hardy,  deciduous  shrub,  with  stem  i  to  4  feet  high, 
with  smooth,  gray  bark,  easily  detachable  from  the  wood,  and  branches 
upright,  alternate,  smooth,  tough  and  pliant.  The  leaves,  2  inches 
long,  are  alternate  from  the  ends  of  branches,  petioled,  scattered, 
lanceolate,  entire,  very  smooth,  green,  somewhat  glaucous  beneath. 
They  appear  after  the  flowers,  and  are  soon  followed  by  flower  buds 
of  the  next  season.  The  fragrant,  purple,  rose-colored  flowers  (rarely 
white)  appear  from  February  to  April,  in  lateral  clusters  on  shoots 
of  the  preceding  year,  in  axils  of  fallen  leaves,  3  on  a  stem.  The 
bark,  when  fresh,  has  an  unpleasant  odor,  which  disappears  as  the 
bark  dries.  The  bark  of  the  root  is  at  first  sweetish,  but  afterwards 
has  a  highly  acrid  taste. 

Habitat.  —  Europe,  from  Lapland  to  Sicily,  especially  in  the  cen- 
tral countries.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  33;  Winkler,  60;  Goullon,  223; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  225. 

History.  —  Name  derived  from  the  Persian  name,  Madzaryoun  ; 
also  from  daphne,  daio,  to  burn,  and  phone,  noise,  crackling  when 
burning.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1805,  by  Hahne- 
mann,  Frag.  d.  Vir.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  330;  X.  584.] 

Part  Used.—  The  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  ,•  Drug  strength  -£$. 
Mezereum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


4OO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

MILLEFOLIUM.  Yarrow. 

Natural  Order. — Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Achillea  alba,  A.  millefolium,  A.  myriophylli, 
A.  setacea ;  English,  Milfoil,  Nose-bleed,  Yarrow ;  French,  Herbe  au 
charpentier ;  German,  Schaafgarbe. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  herb,  having  a  slender,  creeping  rhi- 
zome, with  numerous  filiform  rootlets,  and  long,  reddish  stolons,  with  a 
succulent  scale  at  each  node.  The  stem,  i  to  2  feet  high,  is  erect,  stiff, 
slightly  striate,  branched  above,  more  or  less  covered  with  white, 
shaggy  hair.  The  leaves  are  simple,  alternate,  bi-pinnatifid,  with 
linear  divisions,  crowded ;  the  radical  ones  are  6  inches  long,  with 
wide,  lanceolate,  oblong  petioles;  the  cauline  are  smaller,  sessile 
and  oblong.  The  flowers  appear  from  June  to  October  in  compound, 
flat-topped  corymbs,  involucre  oblong,  imbricate  pale-green.  The 
four  or  five  ray  florets  are  short,  white,  sometimes  rose-colored ;  the 
eight  to  twelve  disk  flowers  are  bi-sexual. 

Habitat. — Widely  distributed  throughout  Asia  and  North  America; 
found  in  dry  meadows,  waste  grounds  and  roadsides.  Fig.,  Winkler, 
13  ;  Goullon,  145  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  153  ;  Millspaugh,  85. 

History. —  Name,  achillea,  from  Achilles,  who  is  said  to  have  applied 
it  to  wounds.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1833,  by  prov- 
ings  of  Nenning,  Hartlaub  and  Trinks,  Annal.  d.  H.  Klinik,  IV.  344. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  366.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Millefolium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;    3x    and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  40 1 

MIMOSA  HUMILIS.  Mimosa. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 
Synonym. —  English,  Sensitive  plant. 

Description. — An  annual  shrub,  the  smallest  of  the  mimosae.  The 
stem,  i  foot  high,  attains  the  height  of  3  feet  or  more  if  kept  under 
glass  ;  is  feeble,  rather  woody,  branched,  pubescent  above,  and  covered 
with  very  sharp  prickles.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  bi-pinnate,  the 
pinnae,  three-  or  four-paired,  with  small  linear  leaflets  (6  to  12  on  each 
side  of  the  petiole),  which  close  at  the  least  contact.  The  small, 
sessile,  violet  flowers  form  silky  tufts  or  hairs. 

Habitat. —  Prairies  around  Rio  Janeiro,  having  been  in  cultivation 
more  than  300  years.  Sparingly  naturalized  in  Florida.  Fig.,  Mure, 
Mat.  Med.  49. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  mimos,  a  mimic,  the  leaves  resem- 
bling animals  in  their  sensibility.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1849,  by  Dr.  Mure,  Pathogen.  Bresil.  Paris,  146.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  372.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Mimosa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


MITCHELLA  REPENS.  Partridge  Berry. 

Natural  Order. —  Rubiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Checker  berry,  Deer  berry,  One  berry,  Par' 
tridge  berry,  Squaw  vine,  Winter  clover. 


4O2  THE    PHARMACOPEIA   OF    THE 

Description. —  A  smooth,  trailing,  perennial  herb,  with  cylindrical, 
branched,  horizontal  root.  The  stem,  6  to  14  inches  long,  is  glabrous, 
widely  branching  and  rooting  at  each  axilla.  The  leaves  are  y2  inch 
long,  opposite,  petioled,  round-ovate,  entire,  dark,  shining,  green,  often 
variegated  with  whitish  lines,  with  minute  stipules.  The  fragrant, 
white,  sometimes  pinkish,  flowers  appear  in  June  and  July  in  terminal 
pairs.  The  berry-like,  scarlet-red  fruit  has  an  agreeable  taste,  and 
consists  of  two  united  ovaries  containing  several  stony  seeds. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  North  America  from  Canada  to  southern 
extremity  of  United  States ;  found  also  in  Mexico  and  Japan.  Common 
in  dry  woods,  creeping  about  the  roots  of  trees.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  77. 

History. —  Named  for  Dr.  John  Mitchell.  Introduced  into  homoe- 
opathic practice  in  1866,  by  Dr.  Duncan,  U.  S.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour. 
I.  252.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  373.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <ft :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Mitchella,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

MOMORDICA  BALSAMINA.  Balsam  Apple. 

Natural  Order —  Cucurbitaceae. 
Synonym. — English,  Balsam  apple. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial,  climbing  herb,  with  stem  4 
feet  high,  and  lobed  leaves.  The  yellow  or  white  flowers  are  monoe- 
cious and  solitary,  and  appear  in  June  and  July.  The  fruit  is  small, 
orange-colored,  warted,  about  as  large  as  a  walnut,  roundish,  ovate, 
narrowed  at  each  end,  having  a  cordate,  dentate  bract  above  the 
middle  of  the  peduncle.  It  is  red  when  ripe,  bursting  irregularly  and 
suddenly  scattering  its  seeds. 

Habitat — India. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  403 

History. —  Name  derived  from  mordeo,  to  bite,  or  to  chew,  in  refer- 
ence to  the  bitten  appearance  of  the  seeds.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  by  Dr.  Mercier,  West.  Jour.  Horn.  I.  42.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  378.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  ripe  fruit. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 
Momordica,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  Jive  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  3x  and  higher. 

MONOTROPA  UNIFLORA.  Indian  Pipe. 

Natural  Order. —  Ericaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Monotropa  morisoniana;  Englisli,  Bird's  nest, 
Corpse  plant,  Fit  plant,  Fit  root,  Ice  plant,  Indian  pipe,  Ova  ova,  Pine 
sap,  Pipe  plant. 

Description. — A  parasitic  plant,  with  numerous  rootlets,  forming  a 
ball  of  densely-matted  fibers.  From  each  clump  arise  several  simple, 
sub-cylindrical,  smooth,  leafless  stems,  2  to  8  inches  high.  Small  tri- 
angular scales,  in  place  of  leaves,  enlarge  and  become  ovate,  spatulate, 
foliaceous  bracts  towards  the  summit  of  the  stem,  where  they  pass 
into  the  flower.  The  flowers  appear  from  June  to  August,  are  single, 
terminal,  declined,  becoming  horizontal,  slightly  pubescent,  waxy- 
white,  except  where  the  yellow  anthus  and  flesh-colored  pistils  are 
disclosed. 

Habitat. —  Florida  to  Mississippi  and  thence  northward  ;  common 
in  dark,  rich  woods.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  105. 

History. —  From  monos,  one,  and  tropos,  to  turn,  the  flowers  turn- 
ing one  way.  Case  of  poisoning  mentioned  in  1879,  Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  X.  585. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  plant. 


404  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Monotropa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  reduced  to  600  Cc.  =  700 

Strong  alcohol,  435  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  five  parts  distilled 

water,  four  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


MORPHINUM.  Morphin. 

Morphium. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C17H19NO3.H2O;  302.34. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Morphina,  Morphia;  English,  Morphia; 
French,  Morphine;  German,  Morphin. 

Description. —  Consists  of  transparent,  colorless  or  white  prismatic 
crystals,  or  fine  needles,  without  odor,  and  having  a  bitter  taste; 
permanent  in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  4350  parts  of  water  and  in  300 
parts  of  alcohol.  Heated  at  100°  C.  it  becomes  anhydrous,  and  at  a 
higher  temperature  burns  without  residue.  Its  solution  has  an  alkaline 
reaction,  and  with  acid  yields  salts,  most  of  which  are  crystallizable ; 
with  nitric  acid  it  gives  an  orange-red  color,  changing  to  yellow; 
mixed  with  sugar  and  sulfuric  acid  it  assumes  a  bright-purple  color, 
gradually  changing  to  violet-blue,  blue,  green  and  yellow ;  dissolved 
in  sulfuric  acid,  and  the  solution  heated  to  150°  C.,  the  addition  of  a 
little  nitric  acid  produces  a  violet-blue  color,  changing  quickly  to 
blood-red,  and  afterwards  to  deep-orange ;  with  chlorin  water  it  gives 
an  orange  color.  It  liberates  iodin  from  periodic  acid.  Solutions  of 
argentic  nitrate,  gold  chlorid  and  chromic  acid  are  reduced  by  morphin 
and  its  salts ;  with  ferric  chlorid  it  gives  a  deep-blue  color,  destroyed 
by  free  acids  and  alcohol  but  not  by  alkalies.  It  is  extracted  from 
opium.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  378.  Maximum 
dose  y<2  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  i  x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE-   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  405 

MORPHINUM  ACETICUM.  Morphin  Acetate. 

Morphinum  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C17H19NO3.HC2H3O2.3H2O;  398.12. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Morphinae  acetas,  Morphiae  acetas,  Morphium 
aceticum,  Acetas  morphines,  Acetas  morphicus ;  English,  Acetate  of 
morphine,  Acetate  of  morphia  ;  French,  Acetate  de  morphine;  German, 
Morphinacetat,  Essigsaures  Morphin. 

Description. —  A  white,  crystalline,  bitter  tasting  powder.  Soluble 
in  2.5  parts  of  water,  and  in  47.6  parts  of  alcohol  at  ordinary  tempera- 
ture. It  is  entirely  volatilized  at  a  red  heat.  Its  aqueous  solution 
decomposes  when  in  contact  with  air,  with  loss  of  acetic  acid.  It  gives 
the  reactions  of  morphin,  and  is  obtained  by  dissolving  morphin  in 
acetic  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  585.  Maximum 
dose  y2  grain. 
PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

MORPHINUM  MURIATICUM.     Morphin  Hydrochlorid. 
Morphinum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C17H19NO3HCL.3H2O;  374.64. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Morphinae  hydrochloras,  Morphiae  hydro- 
chloras,  M.  murias,  Morphinum  hydrochloricum,  Murias  (hydrochloras) 
morphicus,  Morphia  muriatica ;  English,  Hydrochlorate  of  morphine, 
H.  of  morphia,  Muriate  of  morphia ;  French,  Chlorhydrate  de  mor- 
phine; German,  Morphinhydrochlorat,  Salzsaures  Morphin. 

Description. —  A  colorless,  transparent,  crystalline  powder,  without 
odor,  and  having  an  extremely  bitter  taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  24 
parts  of  water  and  in  62  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  fused  and  entirely 
volatilized  by  heat.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  more  stable  than  that  of 
the  acetate.  With  argentic  nitrate  a  white,  curdy  precipitate,  insolu- 
ble in  ammonia,  is  obtained.  It  gives  the  reactions  of  morphin,  and 
is  prepared  from  morphin  and  hydrochloric  acid.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  585.  Maximum  dose  ^  grain. 
PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations ;  ix  and  higher. 


406  THE    PHARMACOPEIA   OF   THE 

MORPHINUM  SULPHURICUM.  Morphin  Sulfate. 

Morphium  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— (C17H19NO3)2H2SO4.5H2O;  756.38. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Morphinae  sulphas,  Morphiae  sulphas,  Sulfas 
morphicus;  English,  Sulphate  of  morphine,  Sulphate  of  morphia; 
French,  Sulfate  de  morphine ;  German,  Morphinsulfat,  Schwefelsaures 
Morphin. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  transparent,  silky  crystals, 
without  odor,  and  having  an  extremely  bitter  taste.  Permanent  in 
air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  21  parts  of  water  and  in  702  parts  of  alcohol. 
Volatilized  by  heat  without  residue.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  neutral, 
and  gives  a  white  precipitate  with  both  ammonium  hydrate  and  barium 
chlorid.  It  gives  the  reactions  of  morphin,  and  is  prepared  from 
morphin  and  sulfuric  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X. 
585.  Maximum  dose  yz  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Ttiturations :    ix  and  higher. 


MOSCHUS.  Musk, 

Class. —  Mammalia. 
Order. —  Ruminantia. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Moschus  orientalis,  M.  tibetanus,  M.  tunquin- 
ensis ;  English,  Musk ;  French,  Muse ;  German,  Moschus. 

Description. — The  dried  secretion  from  the  preputial  follicles  of 
the  musk  deer.  It  consists  of  different  sized,  dark,  reddish-brown, 
somewhat  unctuous  grains  or  crumbs,  having  a  bitterish  taste,  and  a 
peculiar,  penetrating,  persistent  odor,  which  is  much  lessened  when 
the  grains  are  dried,  but  which  reappears  when  they  are  moistened. 
Musk  is  50  per  cent  soluble  in  water  and  dilute  alcohol,  and  slightly 
soluble  in  strong  alcohol.  It  should  have  no  ammoniacal  odor,  but 
should  give  a  slightly  urinous  odor  when  freed  from  particles  of  hair 
and  skin  and  heated  on  platinum  foil.  Treated  with  potassa,  it  gives 
off  ammonia.  Musk  contains  chloresterin,  fatty  substances  and  acids, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF   HOMOEOPATHY.  407 

resinous  matter,  salts  and  gelatinous  and  albuminous  compounds.  Its 
odoious  principle  is  probably  a  product  of  decomposition  in  the  pres- 
ence of  moisture.  The  best  musk  is  the  Chinese,  Thibet  or  Tonquin, 
and  should  be  secured  in  the  original  sacs,  as  extensive  adulteration  of 
the  grains  is  common.  The  musk-sac  is  obtained  only  from  the 
male,  is  situated  near  the  preputial  orifice,  and  contains  from  60  to  130 
grains.  Its  diameter  is  about  2  inches,  width  rather  less,  thickness 
about  y*  inch.  Stiff,  grayish-brown  hairs  are  arranged  on  the  outside 
about  the  opening  in  the  center  of  the  sac.  The  sacs  should  show  no 
evidence  of  having  been  opened.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
VI.  398. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <f> :  Strength  ^. 

Pure  musk,  50  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

The  musk  should  first  be  added  to  a  small  quantity  of  water  and 
rubbed  in  a  mortar  until  a  smooth  mixture  is  obtained,  and  then  the 
remainder  of  the  water  and  the  alcohol  added.  The  tincture  will  then 
be  made  by  maceration. 

c.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  two  parts  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  four  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


MUREX  PURPUREA.  Murex. 

Class. —  Mollusca. 
Order. —  Gasteropoda. 
Family. —  Muricidae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Murex  brandaris,  Purpurea  patula;  English, 
Purple  fish  ;  French,  Coquille  a  pourpre. 

Description. —  Consists  of  the  juice  which  is  found  in  a  membranous 
sac,  situated  between  the  heart  and  liver  of  this  variety  of  sea-snail 


408  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

which  belongs  to  the  genus  Murex,  or  genus  Purpura.  The  fresh 
juice  sometimes  appears  as  a  tough,  viscid,  colorless  or  greenish  liquid, 
which  by  degrees  becomes  of  a  beautiful  red  color  on  exposure  to  the 
air.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  412. 

Habitat —  Found  abundantly  on  the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean 
and  Adriatic  seas. 

Part  Used. —  The  dessicated  juice. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

MYGALE  LASIODORA.  Texan  Bird  Spider. 

Order. — Araneidea. 
Family. —  Mygalidae. 

Description. — A  large  spider  which  spins  no  web,  but  which  makes 
its  home  in  clefts  of  hollow  ravines,  in  volcanic  tufas,  or  in  decomposed 
lava.  It  has  eight  eyes  (  *  .*  Y  hairy  feet,  nearly  equal  in  size,  the 
fourth  and  fifth  pairs  being  somewhat  larger  than  the  others.  It 
generally  feeds  on  ants,  but  often  climbs  trees  by  night  to  catch  small 
birds.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  431. 

Habitat. — Texas. 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  spider. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  •£$,  with  dilute  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


MYRICA  CERIFERA.  Bayberry. 

Natural  Order. —  Myricaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Bayberry,  Candle  berry,  Myrtle  bayberry 
tree,  Sweet  gale,  Wax  berry,  Wax  myrtle;  French,  Arbre  a  suif; 
German,  Wachsbaum. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  4OQ 

Description. — An  ornamental,  evergreen  shrub,  with  acrid  astringent 
root.  The  stem  is  3  to  8  feet  high  with  numerous  branches,  especially 
at  the  summit,  the  twigs  pubescent.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  narrowed  at  the  base,  sub-serrate  at  the  apex,  shining  and 
resinous,  dotted  on  both  sides,  and  very  fragrant.  The  apetalous 
flowers  appear  in  May  and  June,  the  sterile  in  oblong,  the  fertile  in 
ovoid  catkins,  from  axillary,  scaly  buds.  The  scales  of  the  male  cat- 
kins are  acute,  erect,  ^  to  ^  inch  long,  sessile  along  last  year's 
branches ;  the  female  are  on  a  different  shrub,  half  the  size  of  the 
male.  The  fruit  consists  of  globular,  blackish,  one-sided  nuts  about 
the  size  of  a  pea,  with  a  white,  waxy  outer  covering. 

Habitat. —  North  America,  along  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Florida 
northward,  rare  in  the  interior ;  found  in  sandy  soil,  on  and  near  the 
seashore,  also  on  Lake  Erie.  In  the  south  it  is  a  small  evergreen 
tree,  in  Delaware  and  New  Jersey  a  tall  semi-deciduous  shrub,  in  the 
north  dwarfed  and  deciduous.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  160. 

History. —  Name  possibly  derived  from  murika,  the  ancient  name 
of  some  shrub.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1864,  by 
provings  published  in  Trans.  Mass.  Horn.  Med.  Soc.  II.  397.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  432.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  bark  of  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>  .•  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Myrica,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  797  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


MYRTUS  COMMUNIS.  Myrtle. 

Natural  Order. —  Myrtaceae. 
Synonym. —  English,  Common  myrtle. 


4IO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  An  evergreen  shrub,  6  feet  high.  The  leaves  are 
opposite,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  shining,  marked  with  trans- 
parent dots.  The  solitary,  sweet-scented,  white  flowers  appear  in 
July  and  August,  on  axillary  pedicels  about  as  long  as  the  leaf.  The 
fruit  is  a  roundish,  oval  or  sub-globular,  deep-purple  berry  the  size  of 
a  pea,  aromatic  and  astringent. 

Habitat. —  Western  Asia.  Naturalized  in  Europe;  found  on  rocks 
and  in  heaths  of  southern  Europe. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Greek  myrtos,  perfume.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1851,  by  a  proving  of  Dr.  Wahle, 
N.  A.  Jour.  Horn.  I.  74. 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  shoots  and  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Myrtus  communis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

NABALUS  SERPENTARIA.  Rattlesnake  Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Nabalus  albus,  var.  serpentaria,  Prenanthes 
serpens ;  English,  Cancer  weed,  Lion's  foot,  Rattlesnake  root,  White 
lettuce;  French,  Pied  d'Leon,  Laitue  blanc;  German,  Weisser  Lattich. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  spindle-shaped,  tuberous  root. 
The  stout,  upright,  leafy  stem  is  i  to  6  feet  high,  glabrous,  or  slightly 
hirsute,  sometimes  purple-spotted  or  -splashed.  The  leaves  are  irregu- 
larly alternate,  diversely  variable,  deeply  divided,  rough-ciliate,  thickish. 
The  greenish-white,  yellow  or  purplish  flowers  appear  late  in  the 
summer  and  autumn,  in  eight-  to  twelve-flowered  corymbose,  thyrsoid, 
paniculate,  drooping  heads,  mostly  glomerate  at  the  summit  of  ascend- 
ing branchlets,  or  peduncles.  The  root  is  extremely  bitter. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  4!  I 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  North  America,  common  especially  north- 
ward ;  found  in  rich  soil  on  the  borders  of  woods,  sometimes  in  sterile 
soil  in  open  ground.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  94. 

History. —  The  name  probably  from  nabla,  a  harp,  in  allusion  to 
the  lyrate  leaves  the  plants  sometimes  present.  The  milky  juice,  or  a 
decoction  of  the  root  was  used  as  an  antidote  to  the  bite  of  a  rattle- 
snake. Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1855,  by  Dr.  Lazarus, 
N.  A.  J.  of  Horn.  IV.  352.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  444.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .•  Drug  strength  ^. 
Nabalus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

NAJA  TRIPUDIANS.  Naja. 

Class. —  Reptilia. 

Order. —  Ophidia. 

Family. —  Elapidae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cobra  de  capello;  English,  Hooded  snake, 
Adder  of  the  hood,  Spectacled  snake ;  French,  Serpent  a  lunette ;  Ger- 
man, Brillensohlange. 

Description. —  An  oviparous,  poisonous  serpent,  varying  in  length 
from  2  to  6  feet.  Neck  dilatable  to  ninth  or  tenth  vertebra,  and  about 
i  inch  thick,  often  marked  with  two  black-centered  white  spots 
united  in  front  by  a  curved  line.  Fangs  caniculated  and  placed  in 
front  of  the  superior  maxillae,  with  smaller,  solid  teeth  behind  them. 
The  sixth  upper  labial  scale,  which  is  small,  forms  a  suture  with  a 
large,  temporal  scale.  Cobra  venom  is  amber  colored,  viscous  and 
frothy,  and  contains  proteids  belonging  to  the  peptones.  Reaction, 
acid.  Specific  gravity,  from  1.046  to  1.095.  That  portion  of  the 


412  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

venom  soluble  in  strong  alcohol  is  extremely  poisonous,  while  the 
albuminous  precipitate  obtained  is  only  slightly  so.  A  yellow,  acrid, 
pungent  powder  is  left  on  evaporation.  Brief  exposure  to  strong 
acids  does  not  affect  the  toxicity  of  this  poison.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  VI.  445. 

Habitat. —  Hindoostan. 

Part  Used. —  The  venom,  procured  by  compressing  the  gland  while 
the  serpent  is  either  pinioned  in  a  frame  or  under  the  influence  of 
chloroform. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution  <j>:  in  glycerin. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  glycerin. 

c.  Triturations :  3x  and  higher. 


NAPHTHALINUM.  Naphthalin. 

Chemical  Symbol — C10H8  ;  127.7. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Napthalene  ;  French,  Napthalene  ;  German, 
Naphtalen. 

A  hydrocarbon  obtained  by  distillation  from  coal-tar  oil. 

Description. —  When  sublimed  this  salt  consists  of  colorless,  trans- 
parent, lustrous  scales,  or  when  crystallized,  of  rhombic  tables  or 
prisms,  having  a  faint  tar-like  odor,  and  a  somewhat  pungent  taste. 
At  ordinary  temperatures  it  volatilizes  slowly.  It  is  insoluble  in  water, 
or  in  aqueous  solutions  of  alkalies;  soluble  in  15  parts  of  alcohol,  and 
also  soluble  in  ether,  chloroform,  carbon  disulfid,  or  in  warm  fixed  and 
volatile  oils;  specific  gravity,  1.15.  It  melts  at  80°  C.  and  boils  at 
218°  C.  The  vapors  obtained  by  heating  it  in  air  are  ignited  with 
difficulty,  and  burn  with  a  red,  sooty  flame ;  when  heated,  perfectly 
pure  naphthalin  is  entirely  volatilized.  It  gives  a  colorless  solution 
with  concentrated  sulfuric  acid.  On  dissolving  this  salt  and  picric 
acid  in  hot  alcohol,  union  takes  place,  and  on  cooling  golden-yellow 
needles  are  formed,  which  yield  all  the  picric  acid  to  ammonia. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  413 

NARCEINUM.  Narcein. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C23H29NO9;  462.05. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Narceine,  Narceia;  German,  Narcein. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  opium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  long,  quadrangular  prisms,  or  of  white, 
silky  crystals,  without  odor,  and  of  a  slightly  bitter  taste.  It  is  soluble 
m  375  parts  of  water;  sparingly  soluble  in  cold  alcohol;  insoluble  in 
ether.  The  addition  of  a  moderate  amount  of  iodin,  or  of  mineral 
acids,  results  in  the  formation  of  a  bluish  compound.  Narcein  yields 
crystallizable  salts,  which  are  seldom  freely  soluble  in  water.  Its 
hydrochlorate  gives  a  highly  basic  salt.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Ency- 
clopedia, VI.  466. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Ttiturations :  ix  and  higher. 


NARCOTINUM.  Narcotin. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C22H23NO7;  412.07. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Narcotine,  Narcotia,  Narcotina;  German^ 
Desrosnesches  Salz,  Narkotin,  Opian. 

An  alkaloid  obtained  from  opium. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  shining,  rhombic  prisms,  or  of 
white,  flexible,  silky  needles,  odorless  and  tasteless.  Soluble  in  400 
parts  of  boiling  water,  in  about  100  parts  of  alcohol,  33  of  ether,  27  of 
benzol  and  in  2.7  parts  of  chloroform;  almost  insoluble  in  cold  water; 
insoluble  in  cold,  dilute  acetic  acid.  This  salt  melts  at  176°  C.  It  is 
neutral  to  litmus  paper.  Its  salts,  which  are  mostly  uncrystallizable, 
have  a  bitter  taste  and  an  acid  reaction ;  with  cold  sulfuric  acid  it 
forms  a  colorless  solution  which  changes,  when  a  trace  of  nitric  acid  is 
present,  to  yellow,  orange  and  red.  The  latter  color  is  destroyed  on 
the  addition  of  more  nitric  acid.  A  precipitate  is  obtained  from  its 
solution  in  hydrochloric  acid  on  the  addition  of  caustic  potash,  or 


414  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

other  caustic  alkali.  Narcotin  is  obtained  from  opium,  being  sepa- 
rated from  morphia  by  the  use  of  ether.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  VI.  468. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


NATRUM  ARSENICICUM.  Sodium  Arsenate. 

Natrum  Arseniatc. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Na2HAsO4.7H2O;  311.46. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Sodii  arsenas,  S.  arsenias,  Natri  arsenias, 
Natrium  arsenicicum,  Arsenias  natricus  (sodicus) ;  English,  Arsenate 
of  sodium,  Arseniate  of  soda,  Arsenate  of  soda,  Hydro-disodic  arse- 
niate;  French,  Arsdniate  de  soude;  German,  Natriumarsenat,  Arsen- 
saures  Natron. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  transparent,  odorless,  hard 
prisms,  having  a  faintly  alkaline  taste ;  efflorescent  and  deliquescent. 
Soluble  in  4  parts  of  water  at  15°  C,  and  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol  at 
the  same  temperature.  In  dry  air  it  loses  five  molecules  of  water  and 
appears  as  a  white  powder,  which  when  heated  to  148°  C.  gives  off  the 
two  more  molecules  of  water.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  white 
precipitate  with  barium  chlorid,  and  a  brown-red  precipitate  with 
argentic  nitrate,  both  soluble  in  nitric  acid ;  acidified  with  hydrochloric 
acid,  and  heated  in  contact  with  a  bright  strip  of  copper,  a  steel-gray 
film  of  a  metallic  appearance  is  deposited  on  the  copper.  Its  flame  is 
of  a  bright-yellow  color.  Fused  upon  charcoal  it  gives  the  garlic-like 
odor  of  arsenic.  It  is  obtained  by  fusing  arsenious  oxid  with  sodium 
carbonate.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  y&  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  2x  and  higher. 

NATRUM  BROMATUM.  Sodium  Bromid 

Natrum  Bromid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  NaBr;  102.76. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  415 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Sodii  bromidum,  Natrium  bromatum,  Bromure- 
tum  sodicum ;  English,  Bromide  of  sodium ;  French,  Bromure  de 
sodium  ;  German,  Brom natrium. 

Description. —  A  white,  crystalline,  odorless  powder,  having  a  bitter 
taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  1.2  parts  of  water  and  in  13  parts  of  alcohol. 
At  a  red  heat  it  is  volatilized  without  decomposition.  Its  aqueous 
solution  gives  a  yellow  precipitate  with  argentic  nitrate ;  when  treated 
with  chlorin  water,  bromin  is  liberated  and  can  be  dissolved  with  a 
reddish-brown  color  in  chloroform  or  carbon  disulfid.  It  is  prepared 
with  sodium  hydrate  and  bromin.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, VI.  498. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

NATRUM  CARBONICUM.  Sodium  Carbonate. 

Natrum  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Na2CO3.ioH2O;  285.45. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sodii  carbonas,  Sodae  carbonas,  Natrium  car- 
bonicum,  Carbonas  sodicus,  Sal  sodae  depuratus  ;  English,  Carbonate 
of  sodium,  Sodic  carbonate ;  French,  Carbonate  de  soude ;  German, 
Natriumcarbonat,  Kohlensaures  Natron. 

Description. —  Consists  of  large,  colorless,  odorless  crystals,  of  a 
strong  alkaline  taste.  Soluble  in  1.6  parts  of  water  at  15°  C. ;  insoluble 
in  alcohol.  It  loses  its  water  of  crystallization  at  a  low  temperature, 
and  at  a  red  heat  the  anhydrous  salt  melts;  it  effervesces  strongly 
with  acids.  Its  flame  is  of  a  bright-yellow  color.  This  salt  is  extracted 
from  the  ashes  of  sea-weeds,  and  is  also  prepared  from  sodium  chlorid, 
which  is  converted  into  neutral  sodium  sulfate,  and  decomposed  by 
calcium  carbonate  and  charcoal.  Another  method  by  which  it  is 
obtained  is  the  ammonia-soda  process,  based  upon  the  fact  that  when 
carbon  dioxid  is  passed  through  a  solution  of  sodium  chlorid  in 
ammonium  hydrate,  acid  sodium  carbonate  is  produced,  and  trans- 
formed into  sodium  carbonate  by  heat.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, VI.  498. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


4l6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

NATRUM  CAUSTICUM.  Sodium  Hydrate. 

Natrum  Caustic. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  NaHO;  39.96. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Soda  caustica,  Natrium  hydricum ;  English, 
Soda,  Hydrate  of  sodium,  Caustic  soda,  Sodic  hydrate,  Sodium 
hydroxide ;  French,  Soude  caustique ;  German,  Natron,  Aetznatron. 

Description. —  Consists  of  white,  hard,  opaque,  inodorous  masses, 
having  a  strong  alkaline  taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  1.7  parts  of  water, 
freely  soluble  in  alcohol.  On  exposure  to  the  atmosphere  it  absorbs 
water  and  liquefies,  then  solidifies  again  and  becomes  efflorescent  in 
consequence  of  the  absorption  of  carbon  dioxid  and  the  crystallization 
and  efflorescence  of  sodium  carbonate.  It  is  not  decomposed  by  heat. 
Its  flame  is  of  a  bright-yellow  color ;  its  aqueous  solution  is  alkaline, 
and  produces  a  precipitate  with  most  of  the  metallic  salts.  It  is  pre- 
pared with  sodium  carbonate  and  calcium  hydrate  and  is  strongly 
corrosive. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Solution:  -^  in  distilled  water. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x,  with  dilute  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with   dis- 

pensing alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

NATRUM  HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. 

Natrum  Hypophosphite.  Sodium  Hypophosphite. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NaH2PO2.H2O;  105.84. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Sodii  hypophophis,  Sodae  hypophosphis,  Natri 
hypophosphis,  Natrium  hypophosphorosum,  Hypophosphis  sodicus; 
English,  Hypophosphite  of  sodium,  Sodic  hypophosphite ;  French, 
Hypophosphite  de  soude ;  German,  Unterphosphorigsaures  Natron. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white  granular  powder,  or  of  small, 
transparent,  shining  plates,  without  odor,  and  of  a  bitterish-sweet 
taste ;  markedly  deliquescent.  Soluble  at  1 5°  C.  in  I  part  of  water 
and  in  30  parts  of  alcohol.  When  heated  above  200°  C.  hydrogen 
phosphid,  burning  with  a  bright-yellow  flame,  is  given  off  and  a 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOiOPATHY.  417 

residue  of  sodium  phosphate  and  red  phosphorus  is  left.  Triturating 
or  heating  the  salt  with  nitrates,  chlorates  or  any  oxidizing  agents 
causes  a  violent  explosion.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  with  argentic 
nitrate  a  white  precipitate,  which  quickly  turns  black ;  when  the  solu- 
tion is  acidified  with  hydrochloric  acid  the  addition  of  mercuric  chlorid 
gives  a  white  precipitate  of  mercurous  chlorid  and  metallic  mercury. 
This  salt  is  prepared  with  calcium  hypophosphite  and  sodium  car- 
bonate, and  should  be  kept  well  stoppered. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :   ix  and  higher. 


NATRUM  MURIATICUM.  Sodium  Chlorid. 

Natrum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NaCl;  58.37. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sodii  chloridum,  Natrium  chloratum,  Chlo- 
ruretum  sodicum,  Sal  commune,  s.  culinare ;  English,  Chloride  of 
sodium,  Sodic  chloride,  Common  salt,  Table  salt ;  French,  Chlorure 
de  sodium,  Sel  commun ;  German,  Chlornatrium,  Kochsalz. 

Description. —  Consists  of  transparent  cubes,  or  a  white,  odorless, 
crystalline  powder,  of  a  well-known  saline  taste.  It  is  permanent  in 
air,  unless  contaminated  with  magnesium  chlorid,  when  it  becomes 
moist  in  damp  atmosphere.  Soluble  in  2.8  parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  ; 
very  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol.  Heated  it  crepitates,  and  at  a  bright- 
red  heat  it  fuses  and  is  slowly  vaporized  with  partial  decomposition. 
Its  aqueous  solution  is  neutral ;  it  gives  with  argentic  nitrate  a  white, 
curdy  precipitate,  soluble  in  ammonia,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid ;  it 
gives  to  flame  a  bright-yellow  color.  It  is  found  as  rock  salt,  and 
extracted  from  sea  water.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI. 
528. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tritnrations:    ix  and  higher. 

b.  Solution :  -£$  in  distilled  water. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x,  with  distilled  water;  3x,  with  dilute  alcohol ;  4\ 

and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications :  4x  and  higher. 


41 8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

NATRUM  NITRICUM.  Sodium  Nitrate. 

Natrum  Nitrate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NaNO3 ;  84.89. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sodii  nitras,  Sodae  nitras,  Natrium  nitricum, 
Nitras  (azotus)  sodicus,  Nitrum  cubicum ;  English,  Nitrate  of  sodium, 
Sodic  nitrate,  Cubic  niter ;  French,  Azotate  (nitrate)  de  soude,  Nitrate 
de  Chili ;  German,  Natriumnitrat,  Chilisalpeter. 

Description. —  Consists  of  anhydrous,  transparent,  colorless,  slightly 
deliquescent  crystals,  having  generally  a  moist  appearance,  odorless, 
and  of  a  cooling,  saline,  somewhat  bitter  taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in 
1.3  parts  of  water  and  in  100  parts  of  alcohol.  It  deflagrates  with 
burning  charcoal,  and  explodes  when  heated  with  inflammable  sub- 
stances. At  a  red  heat  it  is  decomposed,  giving  off  oxygen  and 
forming  sodium  nitrite.  On  further  heating,  nitrogen  and  nitrous 
oxid  are  evolved  and  a  residue  of  sodium  oxid  and  sodium  dioxid  is 
obtained.  Its  flame  is  of  a  bright-yellow  color.  Its  aqueous  solution, 
which  is  neutral,  gives  with  diphenylamin  and  sulfuric  acid  a  blue 
coloration.  It  is  prepared  from  sodium  carbonate  and  nitric  acid,  and 
is  found  native  as  Chili-saltpeter.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, VI.  598. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

NATRUM  PHOSPHORICUM.  Sodium  Phosphate. 

Natrum  Phosphate. 

Chemical  Symbol.—  Na2HPO4.i2H2O;  357.52. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sodii  phosphas,  Sodae  phosphas,  Natrium 
phosphoricum,  Phosphas  sodicus  (natricus) ;  English,  Sodium  ortho- 
phosphate,  Phosphate  of  sodium  (soda),  Hydro-disodic  phosphate; 
French,  Phosphate  de  soude ;  German,  Natriumphosphat,  Phosphor- 
saures  Natron. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  transparent,  odorless  prisms, 
having  a  cooling,  saline  taste;  efflorescent.  Soluble  in  5.8  parts  of 
water  at  1 5°  C. ;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  At  300°  C.  all  its  water  is 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  419 

expelled  and  it  is  converted  into  sodium  pyrophosphate.  Its  aqueous 
solution  is  slightly  alkaline  to  litmus,  but  not  to  phenolphtalein.  It 
gives  with  argentic  nitrate  a  yellow  precipitate,  soluble  in  nitric  acid 
and  in  ammonia ;  with  ammonium  hydrate  and  magnesium  chlorid  a 
colorless,  crystalline  precipitate,  soluble  in  acetic  acid,  and  with  ferric 
chlorid  a  white  precipitate,  insoluble  in  acetic  acid.  It  is  prepared 
from  phosphoric  acid  and  sodium  carbonate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  VI.  60 1. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


NATRUM  SALICYLICUM.  Sodium  Salicylate. 

Natrum  Salicylate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NaC7H5O3 ;  159.67. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sodii  salicylas,  Natrium  salicylicum ;  English, 
Salicylate  of  sodium ;  French,  Salicylate  de  soude ;  German,  Natrium- 
salicylat. 

Description. —  A  white  crystalline  powder,  nearly  odorless,  and 
having  a  sweetish  taste;  permanent  in  air.  At  15°  C.  it  dissolves  in 
1.5  parts  of  water  and  in  6  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  decomposed  by 
heat ;  inflammable  vapors  are  evolved  and  a  residue  of  sodium  car- 
bonate is  left.  Its  aqueous  solution,  which  is  slightly  acid,  gives  a 
violet  color  with  ferric  chiorid ;  while  in  a  concentrated  solution  this 
coloration  is  nearly  black.  The  concentrated  solution  gives  with 
hydrochloric  and  sulfuric  acids  a  white  crystalline  precipitate,  soluble 
in  hot  water.  This  salt  is  prepared  from  salicylic  acid  and  acid  sodium 
carbonate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  610. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

NATRUM  SULPHO-CARBOLICUM. 

Natrum  Sulfo-Carbolate.  Sodium  Sulfo-Carbolate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NaSO3C6H4(OH).2H2O;  231.56. 


420  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sodii  sulphocarbolas ;  English,  Sulphocarbolate 
of  sodium,  Sulphophenate  (phenolsulphonate)  of  sodium ;  French,  Sul- 
phophenate  de  soude  ;  German,  Phenylschwefelsaures  Natron. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  transparent,  nearly  odorless, 
permanent  prisms,  having  a  cooling,  saline,  bitter  taste.  Soluble  at 
15°  C.  in  4.8  parts  of  water  and  in  132  parts  of  alcohol.  When  heated 
it  loses  its  water  of  crystallization  and  is  converted  into  a  powder ;  at 
a  higher  temperature  it  emits  inflammable  vapors,  having  the  odor  of 
phenol,  and  leaves  a  residue  of  sodium  sulfate.  Its  aqueous  solution 
is  neutral,  and  gives  a  violet  coloration  with  ferric  chlorid;  when 
fused  with  potassium  hydrate,  pyrocatechin  is  obtained.  It  is  pre- 
pared from  phenol,  sulfuric  acid  and  sodium  carbonate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


NATRUM  SULPHURICUM.  Sodium  Sulfate. 

Natrum  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Na2SO4.ioH2O;  321.42. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sodii  sulphas,  Sodae  sulphas,  Natrium  sulphuri- 
cum,  Sulfas  sodicus  (natricus);  English,  Sulphate  of  sodium  (soda), 
Sodic  sulphate,  Glauber's  salt ;  French,  Sulfate  de  soude,  Sel  de  Glau- 
ber; German,  Glaubersalz. 

Description. —  Consists  of  large,  colorless,  transparent,  odorless 
prisms,  having  a  cooling,  saline,  bitter  taste.  It  effloresces  in  air, 
leaving  a  white  powder.  Is  soluble  at  15°  C.  in  2.8  parts  of  water; 
insoluble  in  alcohol.  When  heated  its  water  of  crystallization  is 
given  off,  and  at  a  red  heat  it  fuses  without  decomposition ;  at  a  white 
heat  it  volatilizes  with  partial  decomposition.  Its  aqueous  solution, 
which  is  neutral,  gives  a  white  precipitate,  insoluble  in  acids.  This 
salt  is  prepared  from  sulfuric  acid  and  sodium  carbonate.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VI.  611. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  421 

NATRUM  SULPHUROSUM.  Sodium  Sulfite. 

Natrum  Sulfite. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Na2SO37H2O;  251.58. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sodii  sulphis,  Natrium  sulphurosum,  Sulfis 
sodicus  (natricus) ;  English,  Sulphite  of  sodium,  Sodic  sulphite ; 
French,  Sulfite  de  soude ;  German,  Natriumsulfit,  Schwefelsaures 
Natron. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  opaque  crystals,  nearly  odor- 
less, and  having  a  cooling,  saline,  bitter  taste,  with  an  after  taste  of 
sulfur  dioxid.  Soluble  in  4  parts  of  water  at  15°  C.,  sparingly  soluble 
in  alcohol.  At  a  low  temperature  it  loses  its  water  of  crystallization 
and  becomes  a  powder ;  at  a  red  heat  it  fuses  into  a  mixture  of  sodium 
sulfite  and  sodium  sulfate.  Its  aqueous  solution,  which  is  slightly 
alkaline,  gives  off  sulfur  dioxid  on  the  addition  of  sulfuric  or  hydro- 
chloric acids,  the  solution  remaining  clear,  no  sulfur  being  separated ; 
with  barium  chlorid  it  gives  a  white  precipitate,  soluble  in  hydro- 
chloric acid.  It  is  prepared  by  passing  a  current  of  sulfur  dioxid  into 
a  solution  of  sodium  carbonate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher  ;  freshly  made. 


NICCOLUM  CARBONICUM.  Nickel  Carbonate. 

Niccolum  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  NiCO3 ;  118.45. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,    Niccoli    carbonas;     English,    Carbonate    of 
nickel ;  French,  Nickel  carbonate ;  German,  Nickelkarbonat. 

Description. —  A  greenish-white,  crystalline  powder ;  permanent  in 
air.     Insoluble  in  water;  soluble  in  ammonium  carbonate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


422  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

NICCOLUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Nickel. 

Niccolum. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Ni ;  58.6. 

Synonym. — English,  Nickel. 

Description. —  A  malleable,  magnetic  metal,  resembling  silver  in 
appearance.  Insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Its  specific  gravity  is 
8.8  and  its  melting  point  1500°  C.  It  is  dissolved  by  sulfuric  acid, 
the  solution  giving  a  brownish-black  precipitate  with  ammonium 
sulfid;  a  green  precipitate  with  ammonium  hydrate,  soluble  in  an 
excess  of  precipitant,  forming  a  violet  solution;  a  light-green  pre- 
cipitate with  potassium  and  sodium  carbonates;  a  green  precipitate 
with  sodium  phosphate,  and  a  light-green  precipitate  with  potassium 
ferrocyanid.  It  is  extracted  from  its  ores.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  VI.  633. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Trititrations:  ix  and  higher. 


NICCOLUM  SULPHURICUM.  Nickel  Sulfate. 

Niccolum  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— NiSO47H2O;  280.14. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Niccoli  sulphas ;  English,  Sulphate  of  nickel; 
French,  Sulfate  de  nickel ;  German,  Nickelsulfat. 

Description. —  Consists  of  green,  transparent,  odorless,  efflorescent 
prisms,  having  a  sweet,  astringent  taste.  Soluble  in  3  parts  of  water 
at  15°  C. ;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  It  loses  its  water  of  crystallization 
at  a  temperature  of  250°  C.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  slightly  acid,  and 
gives  with  barium  chlorid  a  white  precipitate,  insoluble  in  acid ;  with 
ammonium  hydrate  a  green  precipitate,  which  dissolves  in  an  excess 
of  ammonium  hydrate,  producing  a  violet  solution.  It  is  obtained  in 
dissolving  nickel  in  dilute  sulfuric  acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  423 

NUPHAR  LUTEUM.  European  Pond  Lily. 

Natural  Order. —  Nymphaeaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Nenuphar  luteum,  Nymphaea  lutea;  English, 
European  pond  lily,  Small  yellow  pond  lily ;  French,  Nuphar  jaune; 
German,  Gelbe  Seerose,  Gelbe  Wasserlilie. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  aquatic  herb,  with  a  horizontal,  thick 
rhizome,  from  which  arise  the  petioles  and  peduncles.  The  earlier 
and  submerged  leaves  are  roundish,  very  thin,  the  floating  ones  oval 
and  usually  narrow,  or  closed,  cordate,  entire ;  petioles,  obscurely  tri- 
angular, smooth,  bright-green  on  each  side.  The  yellow  flowers 
appear  in  June  and  July,  are  axillary,  solitary,  and  have  a  perfume 
of  brandy.  Frequently  mistaken  for  the  Nuphar  advena,  from  which 
it  is  somewhat  difficult  to  distinguish  it. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  most  parts  of  Europe ;  found  in  pools  and 
ponds,  and  also  found  at  Manayunk,  near  Philadelphia. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  naufar,  or  nyloufar,  the  Arabic  name 
of  Nymphaea.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1852  by  Dr. 
Pitet,  J.  d.  1.  Soc.  Gal.  II.  12.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  59.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Nuphar  luteum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  reduced  to  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,      *  468  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

NUX  MOSCHATA.  Nutmeg. 

Natural  Order. —  Myristicaceas. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Myristica  aromatica,  M.  fragrans,  M.  moschata, 
M.  officinalis,  Nuces  aromaticae,  N.  nucistae,  Nuclei  myristicae,  Nux 
myristica,  Semen  myristica;  English,  Nutmeg;  French,  Le  muscadier; 
German,  Muskatnuss. 


424  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Description. —  A  cultivated,  evergreen  tree,  30  to  60  feet  high,  with 
numerous  spreading  branches,  and  covered  with  grayish-brown,  smooth 
bark.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  shortly-petioled,  simple,  oblong,  acumi- 
nate, smooth,  dark-green,  paler  beneath,  and  aromatic.  The  greenish- 
white  flowers,  2  to  6  in  number,  appear  in  small  axillary  racemes.  The 
fruit  resembles  a  peach,  is  solitary  and  smooth,  with  a  longitudinal 
groove  on  one  side,  and  bursts  in  two  pieces  exposing  the  false 
arillus,  known  as  mace.  The  seed  itself  has  a  thick,  hard,  outer  shell ; 
its  removal  when  dried  exposes  the  nuclei  of  the  seed,  the  nutmeg  of 
commerce. 

Habitat. —  East  Indies,  West  Indies  and  South  America.  Fig., 
Flora  Horn.  II.  40;  Jahr  and  Cat.  241  ;  Winkler,  94;  Goullon,  220; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  218. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1833  by  Dr. 
Helbig,  Heraklides,  I.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  61.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  seed,  coarsely  powdered. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Nux  moschata,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


NUX  VOMICA.  Poison  Nut. 

Natural  Order. —  Loganiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Nux  vomica  officinarum,  Solanum  arboreum 
indicum  maximum,  Strychnos  colubrina,  S.  ligustrina,  S.  nux  vomica; 
English,  Poison  nut,  Quaker  buttons  ;  French,  Noix  vomiques ;  German, 
Krahenaugen. 

Description. — An  evergreen  tree,  with  a  short,  crooked,  thick  trunk, 
with  smooth  ash-colored  bark,  irregularly  branched,  the  twigs  highly 
polished  and  deep-green.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  short-petioled,  oval, 
three- to  five-veined,  shining  and  smooth  on  both  sides,  \y2  to  4  inches 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  425 

long,  i  to  3  inches  broad.  The  small  greenish-white  flowers  appear  in 
the  cold  season,  in  small,  terminal  corymbs.  The  berry  is  round,  3  to 
4  inches  in  diameter,  bright-orange  colored  when  ripe,  covered  with  a 
hard,  smooth  shell,  filled  with  a  soft,  bitter,  gelatinous  pulp,  in  which 
the  seeds,  i  to  5  in  number,  are  immersed ;  these  are  flat,  irregularly 
orbicular,  about  i  inch  in  diameter,  ^  inch  thick,  slightly  concavo- 
convex,  with  a  broad,  thickened  margin,  giving  a  central-depressed 
appearance;  they  are  light-grayish  or  greenish  in  color,  glistening, 
horny,  and  have  an  extremely  bitter  taste. 

Habitat. —  Coromandel,  Ceylon  and  elsewhere  in  the  East  Indies. 
Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  45;  Jahr  and  Cat.  243;  Winkler,  134;  Goullon, 
173;  Bent,  and  Trim.  178. 

History. —  Said  to  have  been  introduced  into  medicine  by  the 
Arabians.  It  was  described  about  1540;  introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  in  1805  by  Hahnemann,  Frag,  de  Vir.  Med.  143. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  83.] 

Part  Used. — The  seeds,  coarsely  powdered. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>:  Drug  strength  TL. 

Nux  vomica,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


NYMPH^A  ODORATA.  Sweet  Water  Lily. 

Natural  Order. —  Nymphaeaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Castalia  pudica;  English,  Beaver  root,  Cow 
cabbage,  Cow  lily,  European  white  water  lily,  Frog  lily,  Spatter  dock, 
Sweet-scented  white  pond  lily,  Sweet  water  lily,  Toad  lily,  Water 
cabbage,  Water  h'ly,  Water  nymph,  White  lily ;  German,  Seerose. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  aquatic,  stemless  herb,  with  horizontal 
rhizome.  The  leaves,  always  floating,  are  orbicular,  peltate,  cordate, 


426  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

cleft  at  the  base  to  the  petiole,  entire,  smooth  and  shining,  dark-green 
above,  wine  color  beneath,  plainly  marked  with  interlacing  veins ;  the 
stipules,  broadly  triangular,  knotted  at  the  apex  and  appressed  to  the 
root-stock.  The  flowers,  appearing  from  June  to  September,  are 
large,  white,  showy,  solitary,  axillary,  very  fragrant,  opening  in  the 
morning  and  closing  in  the  afternoon,  often  6  inches  in  diameter 
when  fully  expanded. 

Habitat. —  Common  eastward  and  southward  in  the  United  States. 
This  species  is  tropical  or  subtropical.  It  is  generally  found  in  ponds 
and  slow  flowing  water.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  18. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  Nymphe,  a  water  nymph.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1866,  Hale's  New  Rem.  2d  ed. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  127.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  T^. 

Nymphaea  odorata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  468  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


(ENANTHE  CROCATA.  Water  Dropwort 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  CEnanthe  apiifolia;  English,  Dead  tongue, 
Drop  water,  Hemlock  water  drop,  Water  hemlock,  Water  lovage, 
Yellow  water  dropwort ;  French,  CEnanthe  safranee ;  German,  Giftige 
Rebendolde,  Safrandolde. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  consisting  of  many 
hinge-like  branches.  The  stem  is  hollow,  2  to  4  feet  high,  much 
branched,  somewhat  forked,  leafy,  round  and  furrowed.  The  lower 
leaves  are  large,  spreading,  tri-pinnate,  thin,  glabrous  and  dark-green ; 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  427 

the  upper  are  much  smaller,  often  opposite,  nearly  sessile  and  pinnate. 
The  white  flowers  appear  from  June  to  August,  in  large,  terminal, 
convex  umbels,  containing  about  twenty  small,  not  crowded,  flowers. 
The  root  contains  a  white^  milky  juice,  becoming  yellow  on  exposure 
and  having  a  sweetish  taste.  A  very  poisonous  plant. 

Habitat. —  Britain,  India,  France  and  Spain,  where  it  grows  in 
marshes  and  along  rivulets ;  possibly  found  in  the  United  States. 
Fig.,  Winkler,  102;  Bent,  and  Trim.  124. 

History. —  Name  from  oina,  vine,  and  anthos,  a  flower,  from  its 
odor,  resembling  that  of  the  vine  in  flower.  Mentioned  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  in  1834,  Archiv.  XIV.  2,  188.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  VII.  128.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
CEnanthe,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  600  Cc.  =  700 

Strong  alcohol,  435  Cc. 

To  make  .one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


(ENOTHERA  BIENNIS.  Evening  Primrose. 

Natural  Order. —  Onagraceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  CEnothera  gauroides,  CE.  parviflora,  Onagra 
biennis,  O.  vulgaris,  Onosuris  acuminata ;  English,  Evening  primrose, 
Large  evening  primrose,  Scabish,  Tree  primrose ;  French,  Onagre ; 
German,  Nachtkerze. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  biennial  herb.  The  root  is  conical, 
with  thin,  yellow  or  brownish  bark,  the  first  year  fleshy  and  succulent, 
becoming  fibrous  and  woody  in  the  second  year.  The  stem  is  3  to  6 
feet  high,  erect,  hirsute.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  2  to  6  inches 
long,  ovate-lanceolate,  flat,  acute,  obscure,  dentate  and  pubescent ;  the 


428  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

cauline  are  sessile,  the  radical  contracted  into  petioles.  The  yellow, 
odorous  flowers  appear  from  June  to  August,  in  terminal,  rather  leafy 
spikes ;  they  are  nocturnal,  and  wither  the  next  day. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  Canada  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific  coast;  found  in  fields  and  waste  places.  Fig.,  Mills- 
paugh,  60. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  oinos,  wine,  and  thera,  a  catching, 
or  hunting,  and  given  to  some  of  the  plants  the  roots  of  which  were 
eaten  to  awaken  a  taste  for  wine.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  prac- 
tice in  1873  by  Dr.  Hale,  New  Rem.  3d  ed.  341.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  VII.  137.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  ^ 
CEnothera,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

OLEANDER.  Rose  Laurel 

Natural  Order.— Apocynaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Nerium  album,  N.  oleander,  N.  splendens,  N. 
variegatum  ;  English,  Rose  bay,  Rose  laurel;  French,  Laurier  rose; 
German,  Oleander,  Rosenlorbeer. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  shrub,  with  ligneous,  branching  root. 
The  stem  is  8  to  15  feet  high,  several  inches  thick,  branched  and 
glabrous.  The  leaves,  whorled  in  threes,  are  short-petioled,  linear- 
lanceolate,  ribbed  beneath,  coriaceous,  with  parallel  veins.  The 
numerous,  odorless,  red  (sometimes  white)  flowers  appear  from  June 
to  October,  in  numerous  terminal  corymbs  opening  in  succession. 
The  whole  plant  is  poisonous. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  429 

Habitat. —  Southern  Europe  and  India,  escaping  from  gardens, 
inclined  to  be  spontaneous  in  India;  found  in  moist  situations.  Fig., 
Flora  Horn.  II.  60;  Winkler,  96. 

History. —  Name,  nerium,  from  neros,  humid.  This  plant  was 
described  by  Dioscorides ;  introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by 
Hahnemann  in  1829,  R.  A.  M.  L.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII. 
I38-] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <J>:  Drug  strength  -^. 
Oleander,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and    higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


OLEUM  ANIMALE.  Animal  Oil. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Oleum  animale  aethereum,  O.  animate  Dippelii, 
O.  cornu  cervi ;  English,  Dippel's  animal  oil ;  French,  Huile  animale 
de  Dippel ;  German,  Hirschhorngeist. 

Description.  —  Consists  of  a  colorless,  or  slightly  yellow,  thin,  oily 
liquid,  with  a  penetrating  but  not  disagreeable  odor,  and  an  acrid, 
burning  taste,  which  changes  to  a  cool  and  bitter  one.  It  darkens 
and  thickens  on  exposure  to  air  and  light,  and  is  extremely  volatile. 
It  is  soluble  in  about  80  parts  of  water,  freely  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether 
and  in  fixed  and  volatile  oils ;  specific  gravity,  about  0.75.  A  drop  on 
white  paper  will  evaporate  without  leaving  a  gray  stain.  It  contains 
a  large  number  of  volatile  bases,  including  pyrrol,  pyridin,  picolin, 
lutidin,  collidin  and  others.  This  empyreumatic  oil  is  obtained  in 
the  preparation  of  bone-black,  and  is  further  distilled  and  rectified  for 
medicinal  use.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VII.  149. 


43O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  ^  in  strong  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 


OLEUM  CAJUPUTL  Oil  of  Cajuput. 

Natural  Order. —  Myrtaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Oleum  melaleuca  cajuputi;  French,  Huile  de 
cajeput;  German,  Cajeputol. 

A  volatile  oil,  distilled  from  the  leaves  of  Melaleuca  leucadendron. 

Description. —  A  limpid,  mobile,  greenish  oil,  having  a  strong, 
agreeable  odor,  as  of  camphor  and  rosemary,  and  a  warm,  bitterish, 
camphoraceous  taste,  followed  by  a  sensation  of  coolness.  It  is 
extremely  volatile.  Is  wholly  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  is  neutral  to 
litmus  paper;  specific  gravity,.o.9i  100.94.  Cajuput  oil  is  inflammable 
and  burns  without  residue.  It  dissolves  iodin  with  or  without  the 
giving  off  of  a  few  reddish  vapors;  on  the  addition  of  ammonia  it 
becomes  of  a  yellowish  color;  with  sulfuric  acid  a  reddish,  changing 
to  a  purplish-brown.  Its  green  color  is  due  to  the  presence  of  copper, 
and  maybe  destroyed  by  treating  with  dilute  HC1.  It  should  be  kept 
in  well-stoppered  bottles  in  a  cool  place. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  ^  in  strong  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 


c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 


OLEUM  MORRHUE.  Cod  Liver  Oil. 

Class. —  Pisces. 
Order. — Teleostei. 
Family. —  Gadidae. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  431 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli,  O.  hepatis  morrhuae; 
French,  Huile  de  foie  de  morue ;  German,  Leberthran,  Stockfisch- 
leberthran. 

A  fixed  oil,  obtained  from  the  fresh  livers  of  Gadus  morrhua. 

Description. —  A  limpid,  thin,  pale-yellow,  fixed  oil,  having  a  some- 
what fishy  odor,  and  a  characteristic,  smooth,  slightly  acrid,  fishy  taste. 
The  darker  varieties  have  a  more  pronounced  and  disagreeable  odor 
and  taste.  The  pale-yellow  oil  is  soluble  to  the  extent  of  2.5  parts  in 
cold  alcohol,  or  i  to  2  per  cent  more  in  boiling  alcohol.  Soluble  in 
ether,  chloroform  and  carbon  disulfid  in  all  proportions;  specific 
gravity  at  15°  C,  0.920  to  0.925.  A  violet  color,  quickly  changing  to  a 
brown-red,  is  obtained  by  adding  sulfuric  acid.  This  change  is  due  to 
the  presence  of  biliary  compounds.  The  color  of  cod  liver  oil  may  be 
changed  to  purple,  then  violet  and  brown,  by  adding  nitric  acid.  This 
oil  contains  several  glycerides  such  as  olein,  stearin,  palmitin  and 
myristin.  It  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  and  dry  bottles.  Men- 
tioned in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VII.  169. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tiiturations :  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 


OLEUM  RICINL  Castor  Oil. 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Oleum  Palmae  Christi,  Ricini  oleum;  French, 
Huile  de  ricin;  German,  Ricinusol. 

A  fixed  oil,  expressed  from  the  seeds  of  Ricinus  communis. 

Description. —  A  nearly  transparent,  colorless,  or  slightly  yellow, 
thick,  viscid,  fixed  oil,  having  a  mild,  mawkish  odor  and  a  bland  and 
rather  nauseous  taste.  In  thin  layers  it  dries  slowly  to  a  clear  varnish 
on  exposure  to  the  air,  in  larger  quantities  becoming  rancid  and  of  an 
acid  reaction.  It  is  soluble  in  all  proportions  in  absolute  alcohol, 
ether  and  glacial  acetic  acid ;  specific  gravity,  0.950  to  0.970 ;  reaction 
neutral.  Castor  oil  boils  at  about  265°  C.  It  thickens  with  nitrous 
acid,  and  finally  congeals.  Agitated  with  water  and  nitric  acid  in 
equal  parts  it  gives  a  whitish  mixture,  which  becomes  yellow  on  the 
addition  of  nitrous  acid.  It  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles. 


432  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  T^  in  strong  alcohol. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


OLEUM  SANTALL  Oil  of  SantaL 

Natural  Order. —  Santalaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Oleum  santalum  album,  O.  santali  flavi; 
English,  Oil  of  sandal  wood,  Oil  of  santal ;  French,  Essence  de 
santal ;  German,  Santelol. 

Description. —  A  thick,  pale-yellow,  volatile  oil,  having  a  strong, 
aromatic  odor,  and  a  pungent,  aromatic  taste.  It  is  freely  soluble  in 
strong  alcohol ;  specific  gravity,  0.970  to  0.978 ;  reaction,  slightly  acid. 
According  to  the  United  States  Pharmacopeia,  if  ten  cubic  centi- 
meters of  a  mixture  of  three  volumes  of  alcohol  and  one  volume  of 
water  be  added  to  one  cubic  centimeter  of  the  oil  a  perfectly  clear 
solution  should  result ;  adulterations  are  common.  This  oil  is  distilled 
from  the  wood  of  Santalum  album  in  Germany,  India  and  England, 
that  prepared  in  England  being  considered  the  purest.  Oil  of  santal 
should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles  in  a  cool  place,  protected 
from  the  light. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  $:  ^  in  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 


OLIBANUM.  Olibanum. 

Natural  Order. —  Burseraceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,    Frankincense,     Gum     olibanum;     French, 
Encens ;  German,  Weihrauch. 

Description. —  Is  the  concrete  juice  of  several  species  of  Boswellia. 
These  trees  have  imparipinnste  leaves  and  serrate  leaflets.    The  flowers 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  433 

are  decandrous,  small  and  racemose.  The  three-celled,  drupaceous 
capsules  contain  three  seeds.  The  juice  itself  appears  here  as  color- 
less, slightly  yellow  or  reddish,  irregularly  rounded,  or  oblong,  separate 
tears  from  %  to  Yi  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  balsamic  odor  and  a 
somewhat  bitterish  taste.  It  is  almost  entirely  soluble  in  alcohol ;  by 
triturating  it  with  water  a  white  emulsion  is  obtained.  It  softens 
when  heated  and  burns  with  an  agreeable,  aromatic  odor.  Its  fracture 
has  a  waxy  luster.  Olibanum  is  obtained  by  making  deep  incisions  in 
the  trees  and  collecting  the  milky  juice  which  exudes  after  it  has 
hardened.  It  is  imported  from  Arabia,  or  northern  Africa. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


ONOSMODIUM  VIRGINIANUM.  False  Cromwell. 

Natural  Order. —  Borraginaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Lithospermum  virginianum,  Onosmodium 
hispidum ;  English,  False  gromwell,  Gravel  weed,  Wild  Job's-tears. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  a  coarse  and  hispid,  rather 
slender  stem,  i  to  2  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  i  to  2^  inches  long,  ^  to  ^  inch  broad,  the  lower  narrow 
at  the  base,  rib-veined,  sessile,  entire.  The  flowers  are  whitish-green, 
or  yellowish,  appearing  during  the  summer  in  terminal,  recurved, 
elongated,  and  finally  erect,  raceme-like  clusters. 

Habitat. —  North  America,  New  England  to  Virginia  and  south- 
ward ;  found  on  hillsides. 

History. —  From  onosma  and  eidos,  resembling  onosma. 
Parts  Used. — The  root  and  seed. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Onosmodium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


434  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

fi.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 
water,  six  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.    Medications:  $x  and  higher. 


OPIUM.  Opium. 

Natural  Order. —  Papaveraceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Laudanum,  Meconium,  Opium  crudum,  O. 
thebaicum,  Papava  hortense,  P.  officinale,  P.  sativum,  P.  setigerum,  P. 
somniferum,  P.  sylvestre,  Succus  thebaicus;  English,  Poppy;  French 
and  German,  Opium. 

Description. — The  product  of  several  species  of  the  poppy,  prin- 
cipally Papava  somniferum,  an  annual  herb  from  4  to  6  feet  high,  with 
white,  fibrous,  tapering  root.  The  stem  is  erect,  round,  branched, 
smooth,  glaucous.  The  large  leaves  are  alternate,  clasping,  cut-lobed, ' 
dentate.  The  solitary  white  flowers  appear  in  June  in  Europe  and  in 
February  in  India,  on  axillary  peduncles.  The  capsule  is  smooth, 
glaucous,  globular,  2  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  flattened  top  and  bottom, 
containing  numerous  seeds,  which  are  destitute  of  narcotic  properties 
and  even  used  as  an  aliment.  All  parts  of  the  plant  contain  a  white 
juice,  most  abundant  in  the  capsules,  from  which  it  is  obtained  before 
they  are  ripe  and  evaporated  to  different  degrees  pf  consistency.  The 
best  opium  is  that  which  comes  from  the  Turkish  provinces.  It 
is  found  in  masses  of  various  sizes,  of  compressed,  globular  form,  with 
remnants  of  leaves,  hard  and  shining  externally,  soft  and  tenacious 
within,  becoming  brittle  on  exposure  to  the  air.  It  has  a  peculiar, 
heavy,  narcotic,  disagreeable  smell,  and  bitter,  nauseous,  warm  taste; 
is  of  a  dark-brown  color,  yellow  when  reduced  to  powder,  readily 
inflammable,  and  yields  its  virtue  to  water  and  alcohol. 

Habitat. —  Supposed  to  be  a  native  of  the  Levant,  distributed  over 
Europe  and  temperate  Asia.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  65;  Winkler,  107; 
Jahr  and  Cat.  246;  Goullon,  10;  Bent,  and  Trim.  18. 

History. — The  medicinal  properties  of  the  juice  of  the  poppy  were 
known  prior  to  the  Christian  era,  at  a  period  as  remote  as  the  begin- 
ning of  the  third  century  B.  C.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  435 

by  Hahnemann  in  1805,  Frag,  de  Vir.  Med.     [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  VII.  173.] 

Part  Used. — The  inspissated  juice,  constituting  the  opium  of  com- 
merce. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Opium,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

OPUNTIA  VULGARIS.  Prickly  Pear. 

Natural  Order —  Cactaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Cactus  humifusus,  C.  opuntia,  Opuntia  humi- 
fusa,  O.  intermedia,  O.  italica,  O.  maritima;  English,  Indian  fig, 
Prickly  pear ;  French,  Figue  de  Barbaric ;  German,  Indische  Feige. 

Description. —  A  peculiar,  succulent  plant,  with  fleshy,  thick,  flat, 
prickly  stem,  of  broadly-ovate  joints,  leafy  when  young,  prickly  when 
old.  The  leaves  are  minute,  ovate-subulate  and  appressed,  axils 
bristly,  rarely  with  a  few  small  spines.  The  solitary,  sulphur-yellow 
flowers  are  sessile  and  appear  in  June  along  the  ridges  of  the  joints. 

Habitat. —  America,  naturalized  in  southern  Europe;  found  in 
sandy  fields  and  dry  rocks  from  Nantucket,  Mass.,  southward,  usually 
near  the  coast,  on  the  Pacific  seaboard  and  on  arid  land  in  south- 
western United  States.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  61. 

History. —  Named  by  Theophrastus,  from  the  Opuntiani,  around 
whose  city  of  Opus  it  grew.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature 
in  1841,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  XIX.  128.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
VII.  237.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  plant. 


436  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  /  Drug  strength  -£$. 
Opuntia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  reduced  to  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  468  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

OSMIUM  METALLICUM.  Osmium. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Os;  190.3. 

Synonym. — French  and  German,  Osmium. 

Description. —  Appears  as  a  lustrous,  blue-white,  compact  mass,  or 
as  a  grayish-black  powder  without  luster,  which,  however,  it  exhibits 
when  burnished.  When  strongly  heated  in  air  its  compact  mass 
ignites,  and  burns  until  the  source  of  heat  is  removed;  when  pre- 
pared at  extremely  high  temperatures  it  may  be  heated  to  225°  C. 
without  change.  It  has  been  heated  to  the  temperature  at  which 
rhodium  melts  (2000°  C.)  without  being  fused,  and  has  been  obtained 
in  bluish-black,  easily  divided  lumps  by  igniting  precipitated  osmium 
sulfid  at  the  melting  temperature  of  nickel  in  a  gas-coke  crucible.  In 
its  finely  divided  state  osmium  is  highly  combustible,  and  burns 
when  ignited  till  completely  volatilized  as  tetroxid.  After  exposure 
to  red  heat  it  is  less  combustible,  and  nitric  and  nitro-muriatic  acids 
will  not  oxydize  it.  It  is  obtained  by  separation  from  iridium, 
ruthenium  and  other  metals  and  from  platinum  residues.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VII.  241. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

OXYDENDRUM  ARBOREUM.  Sour  Wood. 

Natural  Order. —  Ericaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Andromeda  arborea ;  English,  Sorrel  tree,  Elk 
tree. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OK    HOMCEOPATHY.  437 

Description — A  forest  tree,  15  to  40  feet  high,  with  peach-shaped, 
deciduous,  membranous  leaves,  4  to  5  inches  long,  oblong-lanceolate, 
acuminate,  serrulate  on  the  margin,  glabrous,  or  at  first  glaucous,  and 
placed  on  slender  petioles.  The  white  flowers  are  panicled,  in  long, 
one-sided  racemes,  and  appear  in  June  and  July.  The  sepals  are  six 
in  number ;  the  fruit,  an  oblong,  pyramidal,  five-celled  and  five-valved 
pod.  The  foliage  has  a  pleasant,  refreshing,  acidulous  taste. 

Habitat. —  Rich  woods  in  Pennsylvania,  Ohio  and  along  the  Alle- 
ghany  region  to  Florida. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Oxydendrum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,    with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


P^EONIA  OFFICINALIS.  Peony. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Rosa  benedicta;  English,  Double  peony; 
French,  Pivoine;  German,  Gichtrose. 

Description. —  A  tuberous-rooted,  ornamental,  perennial  herb.  The 
root  is  oblong,  rounded,  provided  with  brown  tubercles,  disposed  like 
strings  of  pearls,  of  an  offensive,  stupefying  smell.  The  stem  is  2  to  3 
feet  high,  simple,  branched  and  smooth.  The  leaves  are  alternate, 
petiolate,  smooth  and  green;  the  lower  are  bi-ternate,  the  upper 
ternate,  the  leaflets  oval  and  lobed.  The  red  flowers,  appearing  in 
May  and  June,  are  large  and  terminal. 

Habitat. —  In  various  parts  of  Europe,  especially  the  southern; 
found  in  woods  and  groves.  Fig.,  Winkler,  106  ;  Goullon,  5. 


438  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Named  for  Dr.  Paeon.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1845  by  Dr.  Schelling,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  28,  182.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  276.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root,  dug  in  the  spring;  that  dug  in  August 
is  inert. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:    Drug  strength  y1^. 
Paeonia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


PALLADIUM.  Palladium, 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Pd;  106.35. 

Description. —  A  fairly  malleable,  ductile,  white  metal,  somewhat 
softer  than  platinum,  obtained  in  a  gray,  metallic,  spongy  form,  or  in  a 
firm,  compact  mass.  In  the  compact  form  it  acquires  a  high  polish 
from  burnishing,  and  may  be  hammered  into  thin  plates,  or  drawn 
into  fine  wire.  It  is  soluble  in  acids,  especially  in  nitro-muriatic  acid; 
specific  gravity,  11.4  at  22.5°  C. ;  it  is  fused  with  great  difficulty. 
Heated  to  2000°  C.,  in  the  oxy-hydrogen  flame,  it  volatilizes  in  greenish 
vapors,  then  condenses  to  a  brownish  sublimate.  Strongly  heated  in 
air  it  is  superficially  oxydised,  the  film  of  oxid  being  reduced  at  a 
higher  temperature.  In  its  chemical  relations  palladium  resembles 
ruthenium  and  rhodium.  It  is  obtained  from  the  solution  which 
results  when  platinum  ore  is  heated  in  aqua  regia.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VII.  280. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  439 

PAREIRA  BRAVA.  Pareira. 

Natural  Order. —  Menispermaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Chondodendron  tomentosum,  Pareirae  radix; 
French  and  German,  Pareira  brava. 

Description. —  In  medicine  this  name  refers  only  to  the  roots  of  the 
Chondodendron  tomentosum,  which  is  a  tall,  climbing,  woody  vine, 
with  broadly-ovate,  cordate,  long-petioled  leaves,  about  i  foot  in 
length,  smooth  above  and  covered  with  an  ashy  wool  beneath.  The 
tiny  flowers  are  unisexual  and  racemose,  while  the  black  oval  fruit  is 
about  the  size  of  a  large  grape  and  appears  in  bunches.  The  roots 
vary  from  ^  of  an  inch  to  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  are  obtained  in 
sub-cylindrical,  tortuous,  fissured  and  ridged  pieces  from  4  to  6  inches 
long,  dark-brown  or  blackish-gray  externally,  pale-brown  internally 
and  showing  a  fibrous  fracture.  The  thin  bark  surrounds  a  porous 
wood,  having  two  or  more  concentric  zones,  separated  by  waxy  tissue, 
arranged  in  irregular  circles.  Pareira  brava  is  almost  odorless,  and 
has  a  distinctly  bitter  taste. 

Habitat. —  West  Indies  and  Central  America. 
Part  Used. —  The  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  </> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Pareira  brava,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

PARIS  QUADRIFOLIA.  Herb  Paris. 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms — Latin,  Aconitum  pardalianches,  A.  salutiferum, 
Solanum  quadrifolium  bacciferum,  Uva  lupulina;  English,  Four- 


44O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

leaved  grass,  Fox  grape,  Herb  Paris,  One  berry,  True  love ;  French, 
Parisette,  Raisin  de  renard ;  German,  Einbeere. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  vertical,  rampant, 
rounded,  jointed,  fleshy,  white  root.  The  stem  is  6  to  12  inches  high, 
erect,  single,  round.  The  leaves,  at  the  top  of  the  stem,  are  short- 
petiolate,  opposite,  disposed  as  a  cross,  veined,  broad,  oval,  pointed, 
entire,  glabrous,  shining  beneath.  The  yellowish-green  flowers 
appear  in  May  and  June  on  a  terminal  peduncle,  I  to  2  inches  long 
and  furrowed.  All  parts  of  the  plant  are  green  and  in  fours. 

Habitat. —  Throughout  Europe  in  wet  woods.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn. 
II.  98;  Winkler,  114. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  par,  equal,  alluding  to  the  regularity 
of  its  parts.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1829  by  Dr. 
Stapf,  Archiv.  VIII.  i,  177.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  282.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  plant  in  flower. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Paris  quadrifolia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

PASSIFLORA  INCARNATA.  Passion  Flower. 

Natural  Order. —  Passifloraceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Maypop,  Rose-colored  passion  flower,  White 
passion  flower. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  stem  nearly  smooth,  climbing  by 
tendrils,  20  to  30  feet  high.  The  leaves  h.ave  petioles  bearing  two 
glands;  are  alternate,  three-lobed,  serrated,  smooth.  The  flowers, 
appearing  from  May  to  July  on  jointed,  axillary  peduncles,  are  large,  2 
inches  broad,  nearly  white,  with  a  triple,  purple  and  flesh-colored 
crown. 

Habitat. — Virginia  and  southern  Kentucky,  in  dry  soil. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  44! 

History — Name  derived  from  passio,  passion,  and  flos,  flower. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Hall  in  1875,  New  Rem. 
4th  ed.  483. 

Part  Used. — The  leaves  of  plant  growing  on  the  uplands. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Passiflora,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six   parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

PASTINACA  SATIVA.  Parsnip. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 
Synonym. —  English,  Parsnip. 

Description. —  A  biennial  herb,  with  a  fusiform,  long,  fleshy,  succu- 
lent, white  or  cream-colored,  sweet  and  aromatic  root.  The  stem,  3 
to  6  feet  high,  is  grooved  and  smooth.  The  leaves  are  pinnately  com- 
pound ;  the  leaflets,  3  to  8  pairs,  are  ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  dentate, 
shining  above ;  petioles  sheathed.  The  yellow  flowers  appear  in  July, 
in  large  and  flat  terminal  umbels. 

Habitat. —  Introduced  in  Europe,  from  India  to  Britain.  Fig., 
Millspaugh,  63. 

History. — Name  derived  from  pastus,  nourishment.  Effects  of 
eating  old  roots,  reported  in  Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  291. 

Part  Used. —  Roots  of  the  second  year's  growth. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Pastinaca,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  787  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


442  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

PAULLINIA  PINNATA.  Winged  Leaved  Paullinia. 

Natural  Order. —  Sapindaceae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Paullinia  timbo;  English,  Winged  leaved 
paullinia ;  Vernacular,  Cururu-ape,  Guaratimbo,  Timbo  sipo. 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  climbing  herb,  with  long,  fasciculate, 
branching  roots,  hairy  at  their  extremities.  The  stem  is  15  feet  long, 
of  flexible,  tenacious  wood,  with  slender,  slightly  pubescent  branches, 
having  deep,  parallel  furrows.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  with  winged 
petioles  ;  leaflets,  in  two  pairs  with  an  odd  one,  are  sessile,  ovate, 
lanceolate,  crenate.  The  small  white  flowers  appear  in  axillary  spikes 
which  are  accompanied  by  leaflets. 

Habitat. —  Found  in  the  woods  in  the  West  Indies  and  Brazil. 
Fig.,  Mure,  Mat.  Med. 

History. —  Named  by  Linnaeus  for  Simon  Paulli.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Mure,  Pathogen.  Brazil.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  292.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  Y1^. 

Paullinia  pinnata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  787  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3 x  and  higher. ' 

PAULLINIA  SORBILIS.  Brazilian  Cocoa. 

Natural  Order. —  Sapindaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Paullinia  cupana,  Guarana;  English,  Brazilian 
cocoa,  Guarana  bread ;  French  and  German,  Guarana. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  443 

Description. —  A  preparation  of  the  seeds  of  the  Paullinia,  a  climb- 
ing shrub  with  angular,  smooth  stem  and  alternate,  long-petioled, 
variously  divided,  compound  leaves.  Flowers  are  white,  4  inches  or 
more  long,  in  erect,  axillary  racemes.  The  seeds,  having  the  appear- 
ance of  miniature  horse-chestnuts,  ripen  in  October,  are  roasted, 
powdered,  mixed  with  water,  and  moulded  into  cylindrical  or  globular 
masses,  hardened  in  the  sun  or  by  the  smoke  of  a  fire.  They  are 
brittle,  dark  reddish-brown,  slightly  bitter  in  taste,  and  with  an  odor 
of  chocolate. 

Habitat. —  South  America,  northern  and  western  provinces  of 
Brazil.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  67. 

History. —  The  name  Guarana  is  derived  from  Guaranis,  the  tribe 
of  Indians  by  whom  it  is  exclusively  made.  The  shrub  is  named  for 
Prof.  Paulli,  or  Paullini,  and  sorbilis,  potable,  from  its  use  as  a  drink. 
It  is  extensively  used  in  Brazil,  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  and  other  parts 
of  South  America,  as  a  remedy  and  as  a  refreshing  beverage.  Men- 
tioned in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1857,  N.  A.  Jour,  of  Horn.  VI.  125. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IV.  511 ;  X.  539.] 

Part  Used. —  Paste  made  from  the  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


PENTHORUM  SEDOIDES.  Stone  Crop. 

Natural  Order. —  Crassulaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Stone  crop,  Virginia  stone  crop,  Ditch-stone 
crop. 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  perennial  herb,  with  erect  stem,  about 
i  foot  high,  simple,  or  somewhat  branched,  and  angled.  The  leaves 
are  scattered,  sessile,  lanceolate,  acute  at  both  ends,  and  sharply- 
serrate.  The  yellowish-green  flowers  appear  from  July  to  October, 
loosely  spiked  along  the  upper  side  of  the  naked  branches  of  the  cyme. 

Habitat. —  United  States ;  found  in  open,  wet  places  generally. 
Fig.,  Millspaugh,  57. 


444  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Name  derived  from  pente,  five,  possibly  in  allusion  to 
the  five  marked  angles  of  the  capsules,  or  the  quinary  order  of  the 
flowers,  and  horos,  a  boundary.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1876  by  Dr.  Morrow,  U.  S.  Med.  Invest,  n.  s.  III.  564,  June 
15,  1876.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  301.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Penthorum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


PETROLEUM.  Coal  Oil. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Oleum  petrae  album,  O.  terras;  English,  Rock 
oil,  Coal  oil ;  French,  Petrole,  Huile  mineral ;  German,  Steinol,  Bergol. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  thin,  limpid,  colorless,  or  pale-yellow 
liquid,  having  a  characteristic  odor  and  taste.  Specific  gravity  0.8  to 
0.9.  It  evaporates  entirely  when  dropped  on  white  paper  without 
leaving  a  greasy  stain.  Petroleum  is  inflammable,  and  burns  with  a 
bright,  sooty  flame.  It  is  a  native  rock  oil,  obtained  largely  from  wells 
sunk  in  the  ground.  The  name  is  used  to  designate  several  liquid 
hydrocarbons.  The  substance  used  by  Hahnemann  in  his  proving  of 
this  drug  was  obtained  by  agitating  the  liquid  portion  of  crude  Ragoon 
rock  oil  with  sulfuric  acid,  and  rectifying  the  portion  upon  which  the 
acid  does  not  act.  To  remove  other  volatile  oils  it  should  be  washed 
with  an  equal  quantity  of  strong  alcohol.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Ency- 
clopedia, VII.  311. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  445 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <j> :  ^  with  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

PETROSELINUM  SATIVUM.  Parsley. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Apium  hortensis,  A.  petroselinum,  Carum 
petroselinum ;  English,  Parsley,  Garden  or  rock  parsley;  French, 
Persil;  German,  Gemeine  Petersilie. 

Description. —  A  biennial  herb  (or  perennial  if  not  allowed  to 
flower),  with  a  spindle-shaped,  whitish,  fleshy  root.  The  stems,  2  to 
4  feet  high,  are  smooth-branched,  glabrous,  striated,  with  long,  thin 
branches.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  mostly  compound,  smooth,  pale- 
green,  and  shining  ;  the  radical  leaves  are  bi-ternate,  on  long,  channelled 
stalks ;  the  cauline  are  linear,  pinnate,  with  smooth,  three-lobed  leaflets, 
notched  at  margin.  The  small,  pale-yellow  flowers  appear  in  June 
and  July  in  terminal,  compound  umbels. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  eastern  and  southern  Europe  and  India, 
growing  on  shady  rocks.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  249. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  petros,  rock,  and  selinum,  parsley. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  literature  in  1841  by  Dr.  Bethman, 
Archiv.  XVIII.  3,  34.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  333.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  y\y. 
Petroselinum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  450  Cc.  =  550 

Strong  alcohol,  586  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


446  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PHELLANDRIUM  AQUATICUM.          Water  Hemlock. 
Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  CEnanthe  phellandrium,  CE.  sarmentosa,  Foenic- 
ulum  aquaticum,  F.  caballinum ;  English,  Five-leaved  water  hemlock, 
Drop-wort,  Water  hemlock ;  French,  Cigue  aquatique,  Fenouil  d'eau ; 
German,  Wasserfenchel. 

Description. — A  biennial  herb,  with  spindle-shaped,  thick  root, 
with  many  whorled  fibers,  horizontal,  crooked,  oblique,  resembling  a 
turnip.  The  stem,  2  to  5  feet  high,  is  hollow,  furrowed,  half  immersed 
in  water,  very  bushy,  with  numerous  spreading,  leafy  branches.  The 
dark-green  and  shining  leaves  are  petiolate,  spreading,  tri-pinnate,  with 
innumerable  fine,  expanded,  acute  segments.  The  numerous  white 
flowers  are  all  fertile,  the  upper  ones  largest,  appearing  in  short, 
stalked  umbels,  opposite  the  leaves. 

Habitat. — A  native  of  northern  Asia;  found  nearly  all  over  Europe 
in  swamps  and  ditches.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  250. 

History. —  Named  from  phello,  to  deceive,  and  aner,  a  man,  and 
also  oenanthe,  signifying  wine-flower,  in  allusion  to  the  vinous  odor  of 
the  blossoms.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1829  by 
Hartlaub  and  Trinks,  R.  A.  M.  L.  II.  138.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
VII.  335-] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  dried  fruit. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Phellandrium,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 


PHOSPHORUS.  Phosphorus. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  P ;  30.96. 
Synonyms. — French,  Phosphore;  German,  Phosphor. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  447 

Description. —  A  transparent  or  translucent,  colorless  or  pale-yellow 
solid,  of  a  waxy-luster  and  consistency  at  ordinary  temperatures,  but 
brittle  and  crystalline  at  low  temperatures.  It  is  odorless  and  taste- 
less until  exposed  to  the  air,  when  it  emits  white  vapors,  luminous  in 
the  dark  and  of  a  garlicky  odor.  It  is  soluble  in  350  parts  of  absolute 
alcohol  at  15°  C,  in  240  parts  of  boiling  absolute  alcohol,  in  about  667 
parts  of  95  per  cent  alcohol,  in  80  parts  of  absolute  ether,  and  in  about 
50  parts  of  any  fatty  oil;  insoluble,  or  nearly  so,  in  water;  specific 
gravity,  1.83.  Phosphorus  is  very  inflammable,  ignites  at  50°  C.,  and 
burns  with  a  brilliant  white  flame ;  it  melts  at  44°  C.  and  boils  at 
288°  C. ;  it  unites  directly  with  oxygen,  sulfur,  iodin,  chlorin,  bromin 
and  a  number  of  metals,  precipitating  some  of  the  latter  from  their 
solutions.  Kept  under  water,  exposed  to  light  and  air  it  corrodes 
superficially  and  becomes  white  and  opaque.  It  is  obtained  in  the 
crude  state  from  calcined  bones.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
VII.  366. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .•  Drug  strength  ^T. 

Take  of  phosphorus  an  excess  (two  grammes  or  more)  and  intro- 
duce the  same  into  a  flask  containing  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters 
(1000  Cc.)  of  95  per  cent  alcohol.  Heat  over  a  water  bath  until  the 
phosphorus  is  melted ;  then  shake  vigorously  until  any  excess  of  the 
drug  is  solidified.  This  saturated  solution  will  equal  in  drug  strength 
about  one  part  in  six  hundred  and  sixty-seven  (^7).  To  compensate 
for  loss  by  oxidation,  and  so  retain  the  full  strength  of  the  solution,  a 
small  piece  of  phosphorus  should  be  kept  in  each  bottle  containing 
the  tincture,  and  be  renewed  whenever  coated  with  the  amorphous 
variety. 

b.  Dilutions:  3x  to  contain  two  parts  tincture,  one  part  alcohol; 

4x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


PHOSPHORUS  RUBER.  Red  Phosphorus. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  P ;  30.96. 

Synonyms. — Englisli,  Amorphous  phosphorus;  Red  phosphorus. 


448  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  dark-red  mass  or  powder,  insoluble  in 
alcohol,  ether  and  carbon  disulfid.  It  remains  unaltered  in  dry  air,  is 
infusible,  and  volatilizes  slowly  above  260°  C. ;  specific  gravity,  2.19. 
It  is  not  readily  combustible,  and  may  be  handled  freely,  as  it  does 
not  take  fire  by  friction  at  ordinary  temperatures.  Red  phosphorus 
may  contain  small  quantities  of  common  phosphorus,  which  will  float 
in  a  solution  of  chlorid  of  calcium  and  bisulfid  of  carbon,  while  the  red 
phosphorus  sinks  to  the  bottom.  Phosphorus  ruber  is  an  allotropic 
form  of  phosphorus,  which  may  be  obtained  by  heating  ordinary 
phosphorus  many  hours  at  240°  C.,  in  a  sealed  glass  tube. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher;  prepared  from  the  pure  red  phos- 
phorus, free  from  any  particles  of  common  phosphorus. 

In  preparing  the  ix  and  2x  triturations  the  mass  should  be  kept 
moistened  with  alcohol  during  the  process. 


PHYSOSTIGMA  VENENOSUM.  Calabar  Bean. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Esere,  Faba  calabrica,  F.  physostigmatis ; 
English,  Calabar  bean,  Chopnut,  Ordeal  bean;  French,  Feve  de  calabar ; 
German,  Kalabarbohne. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  twining  climber.  The  stem  is  woody, 
reaching  50  feet  in  length,  with  a  diameter  of  2  inches  at  the  base, 
cylindrical,  smooth  and  slender.  The  leaves  are  large,  alternate, 
pinnately-trifoliate,  stiff,  petiolate,  thickened  at  the  base,  leaflets 
stalked.  The  purplish,  bean-like  flowers  appear  in  axillary,  pendulous 
racemes.  The  fruit  is  an  oblong  legume,  about  7  inches  long,  contain- 
ing 2  or  3  seeds.  These,  somewhat  reniform  in  shape,  straight  or 
concave  on  one  side,  convex  on  the  other,  are  i  to  i  ^  inches  long, 
24  inch  broad.  A  broad,  black  furrow  with  raised  edges  extends  along 
the  convex  side.  They  are  hard,  brittle,  rough,  shining,  of  a  dark- 
brown  color,  without  odor  or  marked  taste.  They  impart  their  virtue 
entirely  to  alcohol,  imperfectly  to  water. 

Habitat. —  A  native  of  the  southern  part  of  Africa ;  introduced 
into  Brazil  and  India.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  80. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  449 

History. —  The  name  derived  from  physa,  a  bladder,  and  stigma, 
supposing  the  stigma  was  hollow  and  inflated ;  introduced  into  homoe- 
opathic practice  in  1864  by  Dr.  Reute,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  68,  m'blatt  19; 
Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  1874,  173.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII. 
466.] 

Part  Used. —  The  bean. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -^. 

Physostigma,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


PHYTOLACCA  DECANDRA.  Poke. 

Natural  Order. —  Phytolaccacese. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Blitum  americanum,  Phytolacca  americana,  P. 
vulgaris,  Solanum  magnum  virginiam,  S.  racemosum  americanum; 
English,  American  nightshade;  Vernacular,  Coakum,  Chougras, 
Garget,  Pecatacalleloe,  Pigeon-berry,  Pocan,  Poke,  Scoke;  French, 
Morella  a  grappes ;  German,  Americanische  Kermesbeere. 

Description. —  A  tall,  stout,  perennial  herb,  with  large,  fleshy, 
branching  root,  often  4  to  6  inches  in  diameter,  easily  cut  or  broken, 
with  a  very  thin,  brownish  bark,  internally  marked  with  thick  concen- 
tric rings.  The  annual  stem,  4  to  10  feet  high,  I  inch  in  diameter,  is 
erect,  cylindrical,  hollow,  branching,  smooth,  and  of  a  purplish  color 
when  mature.  The  leaves  are  large,  scattered,  petiolate,  entire.  The 
white  flowers  appear  from  July  to  September,  in  terminal  racemes, 
which  become  lateral  and  opposite  the  leaves  as  the  plant  grows.  The 
fruit  is  a  dark-purple,  juicy  berry,  ripening  in  autumn. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  North  America,  and  has  become  a  com- 
mon weed  in  Mediterranean  countries ;  found  on  cleared  and  in  low 
ground,  also  on  the  side  of  new  roads.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  139. 


45O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Name  derived  from  phyton,  plant,  and  lac,  from  the 
coloring  properties  of  the  berries.  The  vernacular  is  a  perversion  of 
pocan,  the  Indian  name.  Mentioned  by  Hahnemann  in  his  "Lesser 
Writings."  History  in  Hering's  Mat.  Med.  424.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  VII.  502.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root,  not  too  rank  in  growth. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Phytolacca,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

PICROTOXINUM.  Picrotoxin. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C30H34O13;  600.58. 

A  neutral  principle,  obtained  from  the  seeds  of  Anamirta  panicu- 
lata,  commonly  called  Cocculus  indicus. 

Description. —  This  substance  is  described  as  consisting  of  "color- 
less, flexible,  shining,  prismatic  crystals,  permanent  in  the  air,  odorless, 
and  having  a  bitter  taste  and  a  neutral  reaction.  Soluble  in  240  parts 
of  water  and  in  9  parts  of  alcohol  at  15°  C.,  in  25  parts  of  boiling  water, 
and  in  3  parts  of  boiling  alcohol ;  also  soluble  in  acids  and  in  solutions 
of  the  alkalies.  When  heated  to  about  200°  C.  the  crystals  melt, 
forming  a  yellow  liquid ;  when  heated  on  platinum  foil  they  char,  and 
are  finally  completely  dissipated.  Concentrated  sulfuric  acid  dissolves 
picrotoxin  with  a  golden-yellow  color,  which  turns  violet-red  on  the 
addition  of  a  trace  of  bichromate  of  potassium.  The  aqueous  solution 
should  remain  unaffected  by  solutions  of  salts  of  mercury  or  platinum, 
tannic  acid,  iodid  of  mercury  and  potassium,  or  other  reagents  for 
alkaloids." — U.  S.  P.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  -fa  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  451 

PILOCARPINUM  MURIATICUM. 

Pilocarpinum  Muriate.  Pilocarpin  Hydrochlorid. 

Chemical  Symbol.—  C 1 1 H 1 6  N  2  O  2  H  Cl ;  243.98. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Pilocarpinae  hydrochloras,  Pilocarpinum  hydro- 
chloricum  ;  English,  Hydrochlorate  of  pilocarpine ;  French,  Hydro- 
chlorate  de  pilocarpine ;  German,  Pilocarpinhydrochlorid. 

The  muriate  of  an  alkaloid  obtained  from  Pilocarpus. 

Description. —  Consists  of  small,  white,  inodorous  crystals,  having 
a  slightly  bitter  taste,  Deliquescent  in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  1.5 
parts  of  water  and  in  7  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  decomposed  by  heat 
without  residue.  Its  aqueous  solution,  when  concentrated,  gives  a 
white  cloudiness  with  sodium  hydrate,  and  a  yellow  precipitate  with 
platinic  chlorid.  A  dilute  solution  gives  a  white  precipitate  with 
mercuric  chlorid,  and  a  yellow  precipitate  with  phosphomolybdic  acid. 
Sulfuric  acid  forms  with  the  salt  a  colorless  liquid.  In  the  presence 
of  a  small  quantity  of  potassium  dichromate,  the  solution  assumes 
a  green  color,  as  also  with  nitric  acid.  The  salt  is  prepared  with 
pilocarpin  and  hydrochloric  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, VII.  535.  It  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  vials.  A  poison. 
Maximum  dose  y$  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


PILOCARPINUM  NITRICUM.  Pilocarpin  Nitrate. 

Pilocarpinum  Nitrate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C^H^N^aHNOg ;  265.5. 

Synonyms.—  Latin,  Pilocarpinae  nitras;  English,  Nitrate  of  pilo- 
carpine ;  French,  Azotate  de  pilocarpine. 

The  nitrate  of  an  alkaloid,  obtained  from  Pilocarpus. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white,  crystalline  powder,  or  of  acicular 
crystals.  Soluble  in  8  or  9  parts  of  water  at  ordinary  temperature.  It 
forms  with  sulfuric  acid  a  yellow  solution,  which  turn  green  on  the  addi- 
tion of  a  small  fragment  of  potassium  dichromate.  Special  reactions 

(.  01  I  I   01     i>» 


452  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

are  not  known.  It  aqueous  solution  gives  the  tests  for  pilocarpin 
(vide  supra).  It  is  prepared  from  pilocarpin  and  nitric  acid.  It  should 
be  kept  in  well-stoppered  vials.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  y^  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


PILOCARPUS.  Pilocarpus. 

Natural  Order — -  Rutaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Vernacular,  Jaborandi ;  Latin,  Pilocarpi  f oliola. 

"The  leaflets  of  Pilocarpus  selloanus,  Engler  (Rio  Janeiro  jabo- 
randi)and  of  Pilocarpus  jaborandi,  Holmes  (Pernambuco  jaborandi). "- 
U.  S.  P.     "The  dried  leaflets  of  Pilocarpus  pennatifolius,  Lemaire." 
-Br.  P. 

Description. —  This  is  a  small  branched  shrub,  4  to  6  feet  high,  hav- 
ing a  smooth,  gray  bark,  spotted  with  white  dots.  The  alternate, 
imparipinnate  leaves,  12  to  18  inches  long,  are  made  up  of  four  to  ten 
short-stalked,  ovate,  or  ovate-oblong,  coriaceous  leaflets,  3  to  4  inches 
in  length,  green  and  shining  above,  paler  and  smooth,  or  hairy, 
beneath,  with  a  prominent  midrib  and  many  minute,  pellucid  glands, 
common  to  the  entire  blade.  The  small  flowers  are  on  thick  pedicels. 
The  foliage  is  nearly  odorless,  or  slightly  aromatic  when  bruised, 
having  an  aromatic,  warm  and  somewhat  bitter  taste.  The  alkaloid, 
pilocarpin,  is  obtained  from  the  aqueous  solution  of  the  alcoholic 
extract  of  the  leaflets. 

Habitat.— Brazil,  especially  near  Pernambuco. 
Part  Used. —  The  dried  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $ :  Drug  strength  •£$. 

Pilocarpus,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOM(KOPATHV.  453 

PIMPINELLA  SAXIFRAGA.  Burnet  Saxifrage. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Pimpinella  alba,  P.  hircinae,  P.  nostratis,  P. 
umbelliferae,  Tragoselinum ;  English,  Bibernell,  Burnet  saxifrage, 
Pimpinel,  Saxifrage ;  French,  Grand  boncage ;  German,  Pimpinell. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  long,  cylindrical, 
sub-fusiform,  slightly  fibrous,  tough,  woody  root,  grayish-yellow 
externally,  white  within,  highly  aromatic  and  pungent.  The  stem,  6 
to  24  inches  high,  is  solid,  round,  striated,  slightly  downy,  branched, 
furrowed  and  smooth.  The  leaves  are  petiolate,  oblong,  pinnatifid, 
finely  dentate  and  smooth ;  the  radical  are  roundish,  the  cauline  linear. 
The  white  flowers  appear  in  autumn. 

Habitat. —  Found  all  over  Europe,  Crimea,  Persia,  in  dry  gravelly 
and  chalky  pastures  and  rocky  ground. 

History. —  Name  altered  from  bi-pennula,  or  twice  pinnate.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1845  by  a  proving  by  Schelling, 
Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  XXVIII.  177.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  538.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -^. 
Pimpinella,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


PINUS  SILVESTRIS.  Scotch  Pine. 

Natural  Order.  —  Coniferae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Red,  Norway,  Riga,  Scotch  or  Baltic  pine, 
Scotch  fir,  Wild  pine. 


454  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  varying  in  size  according  to  soil 
and  place  of  growth,  being  a  mere  shrub  in  high  elevations,  and  attain- 
ing a  height  of  100  or  more  feet  in  more  favorable  positions.  The 
leaves,  in  pairs  from  single  sheaths,  are  spirally  disposed,  about  2 
inches  long,  linear,  narrow,  obtuse,  with  a  small  point.  The  erect, 
terminal  catkins  appear  in  May;  the  male,  in  aggregated  spikes, 
sulfur  colored  ;  the  females  are  solitary,  globular  and  variegated  with 
purple  and  green.  The  fruit  the  first  year  is  lateral,  stalked,  ovate 
and  green,  the  second  year  becoming  hard  and  woody,  the  scales 
opening,  permitting  the  dispersion  of  the  winged  seeds. 

Habitat. —  A  very  extensive  geographical  range  from  the  Med- 
iterranean to  Siberia ;  found  on  sandy  hills  and  in  woods.  Fig.,  Bent, 
and  Trim.  257. 

History. —  Name  of  Celtic  origin,  pin  or  pen,  meaning  rock  or 
mountain.  It  is  the  source  of  common  turpentine.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1853  by  Dr.  Demeures,  J.  d.  1.  Soc.  Gall.  IV. 
114.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  141.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  shoots. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Pinus  silvestris,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  870  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

PINUS  LAMBERTIANA.  Sugar  Pine. 

Natural  Order. —  Coniferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Pinus  excelsa  ;  English,  Sugar  pine. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  200  to  300  feet  high  and  20  feet 
in  diameter.  The  leaves  are  in  fives,  rigid,  roughish,  with  very  short 
sheaths.  The  cones  are  thick,  14  to  16  inches  long,  cylindrical,  with 
loose,  roundish  scales. 

Habitat. —  North  America  from  Mexico  along  the  mountains  to 
the  Columbia  river. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMGEOPATHY.  455 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1874  by  Dr. 
Throop,  Trans.  N.  Y.  State  Horn.  Med.  Soc.  149.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  VII.  540.] 

Part  Used. —  The  inspissated  sap. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^ 

Pinus  lambertiana,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

PIPER  METHYSTICUM.  Kava  Kava. 

Natural  Order. —  Piperaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Macropiper  methysticum  ;  Vernacular,  Ava 
kava,  Kava  kava,  Karva. 

Description. —  A  shrub,  with  a  thick,  woody,  fibrous,  rugged, 
aromatic  rhizome,  with  very  thin  bark,  grayish-brown  externally, 
yellowish-white  internally.  The  stem  is  erect,  wavy  and  knotty. 
The  leaves  are  alternate,  radiate-veined,  roundish  or  cordate.  The 
insignificant  flowers  are  solitary,  axillary,  on  short,  pedunculated, 
spreading  spikes. 

Habitat. —  The  Society,  Friendly  and  Sandwich  islands. 

History. —  Used  by  the  natives  as  a  remedy  in  rheumatism  and 
venereal  disease.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1873  by 
Dr.  C.  F.  Nichols,  N.  E.  Med.  Gaz.  VIII.  101.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  VII.  542.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Piper  methysticum,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


456  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PIPER  NIGRUM.  Black  Pepper. 

Natural  Order. —  Piperaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Piper  trioicum ;  English,  Black  pepper,  Murich ; 
French,  Poivre  noir  (commun)  ;  German,  Schwarzer  Pfeffer. 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  trailing  or  climbing  shrub,  with  a 
stem  6  to  20  feet  long,  flexuose,  dichotomously  branched,  the  joints 
swelling  and  throwing  out  radicals  which  adhere  to  bodies,  or  strike 
into  the  ground.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  five-  or  seven-nerved, 
broad,  ovate,  acuminate,  smooth,  green  and  glossy,  pale  beneath, 
coriaceous.  The  staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  appear  in  June 
opposite  the  leaves,  chiefly  on  the  upper  ends  of  the  branches,  are 
stalked,  3  to  6  inches  long,  slender,  drooping.  The  fruit,  ripening 
irregularly  the  year  round,  is  small,  roundish,  wrinkled,  brownish- 
black,  and  contains  grayish-yellow  globular  seeds. 

Habitat. —  East  and  West  Indies.  Fig.,  Goullon,  244;  Bent,  and 
Trim.  245. 

History. —  Translation  of  Houat's  proving,  Hahn.  Month.  II.  369, 
1867.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  552.] 

Part  Used. —  The  dried  unripe  berries,  coarsely  powdered. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  T^. 

Piper  nigrum,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :    ix  and  higher. 

PISCIDIA  ERYTHRINA.  Jamaica  Dogwood. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Jamaica  dogwood;  French'  and  German, 
Piscidie. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  20  feet  high,  with  spreading 
branches.  The  leaves  are  pinnate,  the  leaflets,  3  to  4  pairs,  with  an 
odd  one,  oblong,  rounded  at  base,  downy  on  both  sides  when  young, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  457 

smooth  when  old.     The  flowers  are  whitish,  tinged  with  purple,  in 
axillary,  compound  racemes  on  three-cornered,  downy  stalks. 

Habitat. —  Common  in  the  West  Indies. 

History. —  Name  from  pisces,  a  fish,  as  the  bark  is  used  as  a  fish 
poison.     [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  552.] 

Part  Used.— The  dried  bark  of  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -fo. 

Piscidia,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2\  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


PLANT  AGO  MAJOR.  Plantain. 

Natural  Order. —  Plantaginaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Greater  plantain,  Plantain,  Ribgrass,  Way- 
bred;  French,  Grand  plantain;  German,  Grosser  Wegerich. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  a  stem  12  to  18 
inches  high.  The  leaves  are  radical,  five-  to  seven-ribbed,  ovate,  den- 
tate, abruptly  narrowed  into  a  channelled  petiole,  which  latter  is 
smooth  or  somewhat  hairy.  The  perfect,  small,  whitish  flowers  appear 
in  May  and  June,  one  or  more  in  number,  in  dense,  long,  slender 
spikes  raised  on  naked  scapes. 

Habitat. —  Naturalized  from  Europe  and  Japan  ;  found  everywhere 
in  North  America  by  the  wayside  (hence  the  common  name,  way-bred), 
in  moist  grounds,  and  especially  near  dwellings.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  107. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  planta,  from  the  resemblance  of  the 
leaves  to  the  sole  of  the  foot.  Mentioned  in  homoeopath'ic  literature 
in  1861  by  Dr.  Aranzo,  El.  Crit.  Med.  2.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
VII.  553-] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 


458  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  T^. 
Plantago,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  350  Cc.  =  450 

Strong  alcohol,  683  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and  higher,    with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3.x  and  higher. 


PLATINUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Platinum. 

Platinum. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Pt;  194.3. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Metallic  platinum;  French,  Platine,  Or 
blanc  ;  German,  Platin. 

Description. — A  silver-white  metal,  soft,  malleable  and  ductile. 
Specific  gravity,  21.5  ;  fusing  point,  2000°  C.  It  is  not  oxidized  in  air 
at  a  red  heat.  It  is  soluble  in  hot  nitro-hydrochloric  acid,  with  which 
it  forms  a  yellow  solution  of  platinic  chlorid,  crystallizing  with 
hydrogen  chlorid  and  water  on  evaporation  of  the  liquid.  It  combines 
with  oxygen  and  forms  a  monoxid,  PtO,  and  a  dioxid,  Pt2O,  both 
being  reduced  to  the  metallic  state  at  a  red  heat.  It  is  found  native. 
Spongy  platinum  consists  of  the  very  finely  divided  metal,  and  can 
be  readily  prepared  by  gently  heating  the  double  chlorid  of  platinum 
and  ammonium,  forming  a  porous  mass.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Ency- 
clopedia, VII.  574. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :   ix  and  higher;  from  the  spongy  platinum. 

PLATINUM  MURIATICUM.        Platinum  Hydrochlorid. 
Platinum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— PtCl4 5 H2O  ;  425.58. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  459 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Platini  chloridum  ;  English,  Platinic  chloride; 
French,  Perchlorure  de  platine  ;  German,  Platinchlorid. 

Description. —  Consists  of  red-brown,  crystalline,  odorless  needles 
having  a  sharp,  metallic  taste  ;  readily  deliquescent  in  air.  Freely 
soluble  in  water,  also  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  is  decomposed  by  heat, 
giving  off  vapors  of  hydrochloric  acid  and  leaving  a  residue  of  potas- 
sium chlorid  and  metallic  platinum.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a 
brown-black  precipitate  with  hydrogen  sulfid,  soluble  in  ammonium 
sulfid,  and  a  yellow  precipitate  with  potassium  and  ammonium  hydrate. 
It  is  prepared  by  dissolving  platinum  metal  in  aqua  regia  and  evaporat- 
ing with  hydrochloric  acid  until  entirely  free  from  nitric  acid.  The 
hydrogen  in  chloroplatinic  acid  can  be  readily  displaced  by  metals 
(including  alkaline  metals),  and  by  such  change  the  salts  termed 
chloroplatinates,  or  platinichlorids,  are  obtained.  Mentioned  in 
Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VII.  589. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:   ix  and  higher. 

b.  Solution:  ix,  with  distilled  water. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x,  with  dilute  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dis- 

pensing alcohol. 

d.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

The  solution  and  lower  dilutions  should  be  kept  in  Bohemian  glass 
bottles,  free  from  lead. 


PLATINUM  ET  NATRUM  MURIATICUM. 
Platinum  et  Natrum  Muriate.  Sodium  Platino  Chlorid. 

Chemical  Symbol.— 2NaClPtCl4.6H2O  ;  560.28. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Platini  et  natri  chloridum;  English,  Sodio- 
platinic  chloride. 

Description. —  Consists  of  light-red  prisms,  readily  soluble  in  water 
and  in  alcohol.  It  is  made  by  evaporating  chloroplatinic  acid  with 
sodium  chlorid.  The  resulting  light-red  triclinic  prisms  or  tables 
have  a  specific  gravity  of  2.499  >  when  heated  to  100°  C.  they  become 
anhydrous,  and  are  changed  to  a  yellowish-red  powder,  easily  soluble 
in  water  and  alcohol. 


460  THE  PHARMACOPEIA  OF  THE 


PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  I  x  and  higher. 

b.  Solution:  ix,  with  distilled  water. 

c .  Dilutions :  2x,  with  dilute  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispens- 

ing alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

The  solution  and  lower  dilutions  should  be  kept  in  Bohemian  glass 
bottles,  free  from  lead. 

PLECTRANTHUS  FRUCTICOSUS* 

Shrubby  Plectranthus. 
Natural  Order. —  Labiatae. 

Description. —  An  ornamental  undershrub,  with  a  shrubby,  polished 
stem,  3  feet  high,  the  brown  or  purple  flowers  appearing  from  June  to 
September  in  compound  racemes,  on  three-parted  peduncles. 

Habitat.— The  warmer  parts  of  Africa  and  South  America. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1862  by  a 
proving  by  Dr.  Pratobevera,  Zeit.  d.  Ver.  d.  H.  A.  Oest.  I.  2,  i. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  590.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  dried  plant. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:     Drug  strength  ^. 

Plectranthus,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

PLUMBAGO  LITTORALIS. 

Natural  Order. —  Plumbaginaceae. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  branching   root 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  461 

and  creeping,  rounded  stem,  covered  with  short,  stiff  hairs.  The 
leaves  are  opposite,  simple,  trapezoid,  smooth,  coarsely-dentate, 
gradually  tapering  to  a  short  channelled  petiole,  adhering  to  that  of 
the  opposite  side  and  forming  tufts  at  certain  intervals,  whence  arise 
adventitious  roots.  The  yellowish-white  flowers  appear  in  small, 
fifteen-  to  twenty-flowered,  axillary  heads,  arising  from  an  involucre 
with  five  divisions  and  supported  by  a  somewhat  filiform  peduncle. 

Habitat. — Along  the  shore  in  the  bay  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Fig.,  Mure, 
Mat.  Med.  138. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1849  by  Dr. 
Mure,  Pathogen.  Bresil,  241.     [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VII.  601.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Plumbago  littoralis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  .thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c .  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


PLUMBUM  ACETICUM.  Plumbic  Acetate. 

Plumbum  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Pb(C2H3O2)2.3H2O;  378. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Plumbi  acetas,  Acetas  plumbicus,  Saccharum 
saturni;  English,  Acetate  of  lead,  Plumbic  acetate,  Sugar  of  lead; 
French,  Acetate  de  plomb,  (Sucre)  de  saturne ;  German,  Essigsaures 
Bleioxyd,  Bleizucker. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  glossy,  transparent  prisms,  or 
heavy,  white,  crystalline  masses,  having  a  faint  odor  of  acetic  acid  and 
a  sweet,  astringent,  metallic  taste.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  1.75  parts  of 


462  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

water  and  in  21  parts  of  alcohol.  At  100°  C.  it  loses  water  and  a  por- 
tion of  acetic  acid,  and  at  a  higher  temperature  is  decomposed,  giving 
off  acetic  acid  and  acetone,  leaving  a  residue  of  finely  divided  lead 
mixed  with  oxid  and  carbonate.  Its  aqueous  solution  gives  a  black 
precipitate  with  hydrogen  sulfid,  a  white  precipitate  with  ammonium 
hydrate,  and  a  yellow  precipitate  with  both  the  iodid  and  the  dichro- 
mate  of  potassium.  It  may  be  obtained  from  plumbic  carbonate  and 
acetic  acid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 

b.  Solution :  T^  in  distilled  water ;  freshly  made. 

c.  Dilutions:   2x,  with  dilute  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dis- 

pensing alcohol: 

d.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


PLUMBUM  CARBONICUM.  Plumbic  Carbonate. 

Plumbum  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— (PbCO3)2Pb(OH)2 ;  772.82. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Plumbi  carbonas,  Cerussa,  Plumbum  hydrico- 
carbonicum,  Carbonas  plumbicus ;  English,  Carbonate  of  lead,  White 
lead ;  French,  Carbonate  de  plomb,  Blanc  de  plomb ;  German,  Blei- 
weiss,  Bleicarbonat. 

Description. —  A  heavy,  white,  odorless,  tasteless  powder;  per- 
manent in  air.  Insoluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol.  When  strongly 
heated  it  turns  yellow,  and  when  mixed  with  charcoal  and  exposed  to 
a  red  heat  it  gives  metallic  lead.  It  dissolves  with  effervescence  in 
acetic  and  nitric  acid,  and  when  concentrated  these  solutions  give  a 
white  precipitate  with  hydrochloric  sulfuric  acid,  a  yellow  precipitate 
with  potassium  iodid  or  potassium  dichromate,  a  black  precipitate  with 
hydrogen  sulfid,  and  a  white  precipitate  with  potassium  or  sodium 
hydrate,  soluble  in  an  excess  of  the  precipitant.  When  the  salt  is 
exposed  in  atmosphere  containing  hydrogen  sulfid,  it  turns  black.  It 
is  obtained  from  the  action  of  carbon  dioxid  upon  plumbic  acetate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  463 

PLUMBUM  CHROMICUM.  Plumbic  Chromate. 

Plumbum  Chromate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  PbCrO4  ;  322.14. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Flumbi  chromas;  English,  Chromate  of  lead, 
Chrome  yellow,  Lemon  yellow. 

Description. — A  heavy,  odorless,  tasteless,  yellow,  amorphous 
powder.  Insoluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  dilute  acids.  At  250°  C.  it 
turns  reddish-brown,  and  at  a  higher  temperature  gives  off  oxygen, 
leaving  a  residue  of  chromic  oxid  and  basic  lead  chromate.  It  is 
obtained  by  the  precipitation  of  a  soluble  lead  salt  with  potassium 
chromate  solution.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VIII.  129. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


PLUMBUM  IODATUM.  Plumbic  lodid. 

Plumbum  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  PbI2 ;  459.46. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Plumbi  iodidum,  loduretum  plumbicum; 
English,  Iodide  of  lead,  Plumbic  iodide;  French,  lodure  de  plomb; 
German,  Jodblei. 

Description. —  A  bright-yellow,  odorless  powder,  or  shining,  golden- 
yellow  scales,  having  a  slight  metallic  taste ;  permanent  in  air. 
Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  about  2000  parts  of  water,  slightly  soluble  in 
alcohol,  also  soluble  in  aqueous  solutions  of  potassium  and  sodium 
hydrate,  sodium  hyposulfite  and  ammonium  chlorid.  It  is  decom- 
posed by  heat,  giving  off  violet  vapors  of  iodin  and  leaving  a  residue 
of  plumbic  oxyiodid.  It  is  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of  a  soluble 
plumbic  salt  with  potassium  iodid. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:   ix  and  higher. 


464  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PLUMBUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Lead. 

Plumbum. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Pb;  206.4. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Lead;  French,  Plomb;  German,  Blei. 

Description. —  A  bluish-gray  metal,  having  a  brilliant,  metallic 
luster;  very  malleable  and  ductile ;  specific  gravity,  11.4.  It  fuses  at 
325°  C.  and  volatilizes  at  a  white  heat.  Exposed  to  a  moist  atmos- 
phere it  loses  its  brilliancy  and  is  oxidized.  It  dissolves  in  distilled 
water.  Heated  in  contact  with  air  it  is  transformed  into  the  oxid.  Its 
solvent  is  nitric  acid,  and  from  this  solution  the  reactions  of  lead  are 
obtained.  It  is  extracted  from  its  ores,  which  are  abundant  in  nature. 
Pure  lead  may  be  obtained  in  a  finely  divided  state  by  placing  rods  of 
polished  zinc  in  a  solution  of  pure  acetate  of  lead,  i  part  to  100  parts 
of  distilled  water ;  the  fine  crystals  of  lead,  which  adhere  to  the  rods, 
should  be  quickly  removed  and  washed  with  hot  distilled  water,  care 
being  used  not  to  press  the  metal  into  masses.  Mentioned  in  Allen's 
Encyclopedia,  VIII.  i. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


PODOPHYLLIR  Resin  of  Podophyllum. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Resina  podophylli,  Podophyllinum  ;  English, 
Podophyllin,  Resin  of  May  apple ;  French,  Resine  de  podophylle ; 
German,  Podophyllumharz. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  grayish- white,  or  greenish-yellow,  amor- 
phous powder,  having  a  slight  peculiar  odor,  and  a  peculiar,  somewhat 
bitter  taste.  Soluble  in  ammonia,  and  in  alcohol  in  all  proportions ; 
freely  soluble  in  alkaline  liquids,  soluble  to  the  extent  of  15  to  20  per 
cent  in  ether  and  80  per  cent  in  boiling  water,  from  which  it  is  almost 
entirely  reprecipitated  on  cooling.  It  softens  at  120°  C.  and  melts 
completely  at  124°  C.  With  sulfuric  acid  its  color  changes  to  a  bright 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  465 

yellow,  and  on  the  addition  of  nitric  acid,  to  purple  and  then  brown 
This  substance  is  the  resinous  principle  of  podophyllum  obtained  by 
precipitation. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


PODOPHYLLUM  PELTATUM.  May  Apple. 

Natural  Order. —  Berberidaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Aconltifolius  humilis,  Anapodophyllum  cana- 
dense,  A.  peltatum,  Podophyllum  callicarpum,  P.  montanum  ;  English, 
Duck's  foot,  Ground  lemons,  Indian  apple,  Ipecacuanha,  Mandrake, 
May  apple,  Pecan,  Raccoon  berry,  Wild  lemon,  Wild  mandrake,  Yellow 
berry ;  French,  Podophyllum  ;  German,  Entenfus,  Fussblattwurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  a  smooth,  horizontal,  cylin- 
drical root,  a  foot  or  more  in  length,  y±  inch  thick,  giving  off  a  few 
fibrous  rootlets ;  the  annual  growth  being  distinguishable  by  scars  of 
previous  stems.  The  flowerless,  or  flowering  stems,  are  simple, 
single,  erect,  rounded,  8  to  18  inches  high;  the  former  surmounted 
by  a  single  leaf,  the  latter  bifurcating  at  the  top,  having  two  leaves 
and  a  flower  at  the  bifurcation.  The  leaves  of  the  flowerless  stem  are 
seven-  to  nine-lobed,  roundish,  peltate  in  the  center,  somewhat  resem- 
bling an  umbrella  ;  those  of  the  flowering  stems  are  opposite,  somewhat 
one-sided,  and  deeply  lobed,  lobes  incised  and  dentate,  drooping  at  the 
edges  and  strongly  marked  by  ribs  below,  smooth  above,  slightly 
pubescent  beneath,  4  to  6  inches  in  diameter.  The  single,  white, 
pedunculated  flower  appears  in  May  in  the  fork  of  the  stem  (some- 
times varying  in  locality),  having  three  fugacious  bracts  beneath  the 
flowers.  The  yellow,  oval  fruit,  I  to  2  inches  long,  appears  in  July 
and  August. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  throughout  the  United  States ;  found  in 
moist,  shady  woods  and  low,  marshy  ground.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim. 
17;  Millspaugh,  17. 

History. —  Named  from  pous,  a  foot,  and  phyllon,  a  leaf,  from 
resemblance  of  the  leaf  to  the  web-foot  of  an  aquatic  bird.  Intro- 


466  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


duced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1842  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  William- 
son, Horn.  Exam.  III.  321.     [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  130.] 

Part  Used.—  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Podophyllum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  350  Cc.  =  450 

Strong  alcohol,  683  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;    3x    and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3 x  and  higher. 

d.  Tritnrations:  ix  and  higher;  prepared  from  the  dried  root. 


POLYGONUM  PUNCTATUJVL        Water  Smart  Weed. 

Natural  Order. —  Polygonaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Polygonum  acre,  P.  hydropiperoides ;  English, 
American  water  pepper,  Biting  knot,  Biting  persicaria,  Knot  weed, 
Smart  weed,  Water  pepper,  Wild  smart  weed. 

Description. — An  annual,  aquatic  herb,  with  fibrous,  whorled  root. 
The  stem  is  I  to  5  feet  high,  branching,  smooth,  shining,  more  or  less 
red,  with  swollen  joints.  The  pellucid-dotted  leaves  are  alternate, 
petiolate,  entire,  lanceolate,  undulated,  with  stipules  in  the  form  of 
sheaths,  placed  above  the  swollen  joints  of  the  stem.  The  flowers 
appear  during  the  summer  and  autumn,  mostly  green,  on  nodding 
spikes,  usually  short,  or  interrupted.  The  plant  has  a  watery  juice, 
so  acrid  as  to  act  as  a  vesicant. 

Habitat. —  United  States;  common  in  moist  or  wet  ground.  Fig., 
Millspaugh,  141. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  poly,  many,  and  gonu,  knee.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1859  by  Dr.  Payne,  Trans.  Am. 
Inst.  Horn.  1859,  32.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  136.] 

Parts  Used — The  whole  fresh  plant. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  467 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Polygonum  punctatum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  lOoGm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3\  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

POLYPORUS  OFFICINALIS.  Larch  Agaric. 

Natural  Order. —  Fungi. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Agaricus  albus,  A.  laricis,  Boletus  laricis,  B. 
officinalis,  B.  purgans,  Fungus  laricis,  Polyporus  laricis ;  English, 
Larch  agaric,  L.  boletos,  Purging  agaric,  White  agaric  ;  French,  Agaric 
blanc ;  German,  Larchenschwamm. 

Description. —  A  fungus,  growing  on  the  larch  tree.  It  is  of  various 
sizes,  from  that  of  a  fist  to  that  of  a  child's  head  or  larger,  and  shaped 
somewhat  like  a  horse's  hoof.  The  hymenium  is  concrete,  with  corky, 
fleshy,  zoned,  smooth  pileus  of  sub-rotund,  yellowish  pores.  As  found 
in  commerce  it  is  deprived  of  its  hard,  brownish  or  reddish  outer  coat, 
and  consists  of  a  white,  spongy,  farinaceous,  friable  mass,  difficult  to 
pulverize,  as  it  flattens  by  rubbing,  but  readily  grated  into  a  powder. 
It  has  a  faint  odor,  and  a  sweetish,  afterward  acrid  and  lastingly  bitter 
taste. 

Habitat. —  Found  on  old  larches  in  central  and  southern  Europe, 
also  on  the  Siberian  larch  in  the  northern  part  of  Asia.  It  is  collected 
in  autumn  and  winter. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1865  by  a 
proving  by  Dr.  Burt,  under  the  name  of  Boletus  laricis,  West.  Horn. 
Obs.  II.  154.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  II.  188.]  Subsequently,  on 
learning  that  the  genus  "Boletus"  has  the  hymenium  composed  of 
"sporable  tubes,"  Dr.  Burt  published  a  second  proving  (including  the 
first)  in  1868,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  V.  58.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
VIII.  141.] 

Part  Used.  —  The  dried  fungus,  as  imported. 


468  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Polyporus  officinalis,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  400  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;    3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


POLYPORUS  PINICOLA.  Pine  Agaric. 

Natural  Order. —  Fungi. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Boletus  pinus;  English,  Pine  agaric. 

Description. —  A  fungus,  growing  on  pine,  tamarack,  birch,  fir  and 
other  trees. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1868  by  a 
proving  by  Dr.  Burt,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  V.  268.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  VIII.  149.] 

Part  Used. —  The  mature,  dried  fungus. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^y. 

Polyporus  pinicola,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;     3x  and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  469 

POPULUS  TREMULOIDES.  Aspen. 

Natural  Order. —  Salicaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  American  aspen,  American  poplar,  Aspen, 
Aspen  poplar,  Quaking  aspen,  Quiver  leaf,  Trembling  poplar,  White 
poplar. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  tree,  20  to  50  feet  high,  8  to  12  inches 
in  diameter,  with  smooth,  greenish-white  bark,  branches  somewhat 
angular,  buds  large,  scaly,  and  covered  with  a  reddish-brown,  resinous 
varnish.  The  inner  bark  is  tender,  sweet,  and  has  a  pleasant  flavor. 
The  leaves  are  alternate,  roundish-cordate,  sharply  pointed,  small, 
erect,  dentate,  with  downy  margins,  smooth  on  both  sides;  petiole, 
long,  slender,  laterally  compressed,  which  accounts  for  the  continual 
agitation  of  the  foliage  by  the  slightest  breeze.  Both  the  stamiriate 
and  pistillate  flowers  appear  in  March  and  April,  before  the  leaves,  in 
catkins,  with  scales  cut  into  from  3  to  4  linear  divisions,  fringed  with 
long  hairs ;  the  staminate  catkins  are  conspicuous  in  early  spring  by 
their  length  and  the  red  tint  of  the  numerous  stamens;  the  pistillate, 
a  little  later,  are  remarkable  for  the  quantity  of  white,  cottony  down, 
enveloping  the  seeds. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  temperate  climates.  Indigenous  to  most  parts 
of  North  America;  common  in  woods.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  162. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Dr.  Hale  in 
1858,  N.  A.  J.  of  Horn.  VI.  553  ;  XV.  381.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
VIII.  154.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  inner  bark  and  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  /  Drug  strength  ^. 
Populus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and    higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


47O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

POTHOS  FCETIDUS.  Skunk  Cabbage, 

Natural  Order. —  Araceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Arum  americanum,  Dracontium  foetidum, 
Ictodes  foetidus,  Symplocarpus  foetidus ;  English,  Bear's  foot,  Bear's 
leaf,  Collard,  Cow  collard,  Foetid  hellebore,  Irish  cabbage,  Itch  weed, 
Meadow  cabbage,  Poke,  Polecat  collard,  Polecat  weed,  Skoka,  Skunk 
cabbage,  Skunk  weed,  Stinking  pothos,  Swamp  cabbage;  French, 
Racine  de  pothos  f etide ;  German,  Stinkende  Drachenwurzel. 

Description, — A  stemless,  perennial  herb,  with  a  strong  mephitic 
and  alliaceous  odor.  The  tuberous  root,  3  to  5  inches  long,  2  inches 
thick,  terminates  abruptly  in  giving  off  numerous  fleshy  fibers,  which 
penetrate  the  boggy  earth  two  or  more  feet.  The  numerous,  short- 
petiolate  leaves,  crowded  in  a  cluster,  are  ovate,  cordate,  acute,  smooth, 
i  to  2  feet  long,  with  numerous  pale-colored  fleshy  veins.  The  pur- 
plish-white flowers  appear  in  earliest  spring  before  the  leaves,  concealed 
in  a  singular,  spongy,  ovoid  spathe,  having  a  shell-form,  auriculated 
base,  acuminate  top,  incurved  edges  and  covered  with  dull  brownish- 
purple  spots. 

Habitat. —  Exclusively  a  native  of  North  America ;  found  in  abund- 
ance in  swamps,  meadows  and  ditches.  Renowned  for  the  odor,  which 
is  scarcely  less  offensive  than  that  of  the  skunk.  Fig:,  Millspaugh,  169. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1837,  Corres- 
pondenzblatt.  d.  Horn.  Aerzt.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  155.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Pothos  foetida,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  fotir  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  471 

PRINOS  VERTICILLATUS.  Black  Alder. 

Natural  Order. — Aquif oliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ilex  verticillata ;  English,  Black  alder,  False 
alder,  Fever  bush,  Saw-leaved  oak,  Scarlet  oak,  Striped  alder,  Winter 
berry ;  French  and  German,  Prinos. 

Description. —  An  annual,  deciduous  shrub,  with  erect  stem,  6  to 
10  feet  high,  alternate  branches  its  entire  length,  of  a  bluish-gray  or 
ash  color.  The  simple  leaves  are  alternate,  short-petiolate,  obovate, 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  doubly  serrate,  smooth,  dark-green;  the  veins 
beneath,  hairy.  The  small,  white,  dioecious  flowers  are  short-pedun- 
culate, appearing  from  May  to  August,  in  axillary,  sessile  umbels. 
The  fruit  is  a  globose  berry,  about  the  size  of  a  large  pea,  in  verticil- 
late  bunches,  prominent  and  bright  scarlet,  changing  to  purplish. 

Habitat. —  North  America,  from  Canada  to  Georgia ;  found  in  low 
grounds  near  swamps ;  common  especially  northward.  Fig.,  Mills- 
paugh,  1 06. 

History. —  The  Greek  name  of  an  evergreen  oak,  from  prio,  to  saw, 
on  account  of  its  strongly  toothed  leaves ;  also  a  Greek  name  of  the 
holly.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  155.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  bark  and  berries. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ ;  Drug  strength  ^. 

Prinos  verticillatus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2\  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


PRUNUS  PADUS.  Bird  Cherry. 

Natural  Order. —  Rosaceae. 


4/2  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cerasus  padus,  C.  racemosus,  Padus  avium, 
P.  vulgaris,  Prunus  racemosus ;  English,  Bird  cherry. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  tree,  30  feet  high,  with  purple  bark, 
leafy  branches,  and  beautifully  veined  wood.  The  leaves  are  oval, 
elliptic,  doubly  serrate  and  rugose,  the  petioles  having  two  glands. 
The  white,  odorous  flowers  appear  in  April  and  May,  in  pendulous 
racemes. 

Habitat. —  A  native  of  northern  Europe  and  Asia;  found  in  moist 
woods  and  along  borders  of  forests  in  valleys. 

History. —  Origin  of  the  name  unknown.  The  Greek  called  it 
proune,  and  the  Latin  prunus ;  Padus,  one  of  the  names  of  Theophras- 
tus.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1853  by  a  proving  by 
Dr.  Lembke,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  45,  376.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
VIII.  156.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves  and  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  Y1^. 

Prunus  padus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  215  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x   and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


PRUNUS  SPINOSA.  Blackthorn. 

Natural  Order. —  Rosaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Acacia  germanica,  A.  nostrates,  Prunus  com- 
munis,  P.  instititia;  English,  Blackthorn,  Sloe  tree;  French,  Epine 
noire;  German,  Schlehdorn. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  shrub,  or  tree,  3  to  5  feet  high,  with 
blackish-gray  bark  and  thorny  branches.  The  leaves  are  obovate, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  473 

oblong,  sharply-serrate,  becoming  glabrous,  downy  beneath.  The 
white  flowers  appear  in  early  spring,  from  separate,  lateral,  scaly  buds 
on  glabrous  pedicels,  few  or  several,  in  simple,  umbel-like  clusters. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  introduced  into  America;  found  in  New  Eng- 
land to  Pennsylvania  by  roadsides  and  in  waste  places. 

History. — The  leaves  are  used  as  a  substitute  for  tea,  and  as  an 
adulteration  of  the  black  tea  of  China.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1834  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Wahle,  Archiv.  XIV.  3,  169. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  157.] 

Part  Used. — The  buds,  just  before  flowering. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Prunus  spinosa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


PRUNUS  VIRGINIANA.  Wild  Cherry. 

Natural  Order.  —  Rosaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Prunus  serotina  (Ehrhart),  Cerasus  serotina, 
D.  C.,  Cerasus  virginiana  (Michaux);  English,  Wild  black  cherry; 
French,  Ecorce  de  cerisier  de  Virginie  ;  German,  Wildkirschenrinde. 

Description. —  A  forest  tree,  often  reaching  the  height  of  from  60 
to  80  feet,  with  a  firm,  close-grained  wood,  of  a  slightly  reddish  or 
brownish-red  color.  Its  alternate,  oblong-lanceolate  leaves  are  3  to  5 
inches  in  length;  are  tapering,  finely-serrate  and  petiolate.  The  small 
white  flowers  appear  in  elongated,  terminal  racemes,  4  to  0  inches 
long,  while  the  small  globose  fruit  is  a  purplish-black  drupe,  with  a 
sweet,  yet  bitterish  taste.  The  bark  from  young  trees  is  obtained 


474  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

commercially  in  irregular  pieces,  about  T^  inch  thick,  smooth,  shining, 
and  of  a  brownish-green  color  externally,  or,  when  taken  from  older 
trees,  and  without  the  overlying  corky  layer,  is  about  l/%  inch  or  more 
in  thickness,  of  a  rusty-brown  color  externally  and  a  somewhat  paler 
brown  internally.  Wild  cherry  bark  contains  tannin,  gallic  acid,  resin, 
starch  and  other  vegetable  principles,  besides  a  volatile  oil,  containing 
hydrocyanic  acid,  which  may  be  obtained  by  distillation. 

Habitat. —  United  States  and  Canada ;  found  in  woods. 
Part  Used. —  The  fresh  inner  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  .•  Drug  strength  T^. 

Prunus  virginiana,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  3x  and  higher. 


PTELEA  TRIFOLIATA.  Shrubby  Trefoil. 

Natural  Order. —  Rutaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Amyris  elemifera,  Ptelea  viticifolia;  English, 
Ague  barb,  Hop  tree,  Shrubby  trefoil,  Swamp  dogwood,  Wafer  ash, 
Winter  fern  ;  French,  Orme  a  trois  feuilles ;  German,  Hopfenbaum. 

Description. —  A  tall,  deciduous  shrub  or  tree,  6  to  12  feet  high. 
The  leaves  are  alternate,  long-petioled,  ternate,  the  leaflets  nearly 
sessile,  ovate,  pointed,  downy  when  young.  The  small,  greenish- 
white,  malodorous,  polygamous  flowers  appear  in  June  in  compound, 
terminal  cymes. 

Habitat — Indigenous  to  America;  found  in  rocky  places,  Pennsyl- 
vania to  Wisconsin,  and  southward.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  34. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  475 

History. —  Greek  name  of  the  elm,  from  ptao,  to  fly,  in  allusion  to 
the  winged  seed  vessels.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  literature  in 
1868  by  Dr.  Hale,  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  157.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  VIII.  177.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Ptelea  trifoliata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  250  Cc.  =  350 

Strong  alcohol,  777  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


PULSATILLA.  Wind  Flower. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Anemone  pratensis,  Herba  venti,  Pulsatilla 
nigricans,  P.  pratensis,  P.  vulgaris ;  English,  Meadow  anemone,  Pasque 
flower,  Wind  flower ;  French,  Pulsatille ;  German,  Kuchenschelle. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  spindel-shaped, 
thick,  ligneous,  dark-brown,  oblique,  several-headed  root.  The  stem, 
3  to  5  inches  high,  is  simple,  erect,  rounded.  The  leaves  are  radical, 
petiolate,  bi-pinnatifid,  with  linear  segments  ;  at  the  base,  surrounded 
by  several  ovate,  lanceolate  sheaths.  The  flowers,  varying  in  color 
from  dark  violet  to  light  blue,  appear  from  March  to  May,  and  are 
bell-shaped,  pendulous,  terminal,  reflexed  at  the  apex,  surrounded  by 
a  distinct  sessile  involucre,  composed  of  3  palmately  divided  and  cleft 
bracts  with  linear  lobes.  The  plant,  clothed  with  long,  silky  hairs, 
is  inodorous,  but  when  rubbed  exhales  an  acrid  vapor,  and  has  a 
burning,  acrid  taste. 

Habitat. —  Open  fields  and  plains,  in  dry  places  in  many  parts  of 
Europe,  Russia,  and  Turkey  in  Asia.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  102 ;  Jahr 
and  Cat.  254;  Winkler,  109,  no. 


4/6  THE    PHARMACOPEIA   OF   THE 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1805  by 
Hahnemann,  Frag.  d.  Vir.  Med.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII. 
205.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  plant,  when  in  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Pulsatilla,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  ,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


PULSATILLA  NUTTALLIANA.      American  Pulsatilla. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Anemone  flavescens,  A.  ludoviciana,  A.  nut- 
talliana,  A.  patens,  var.  nuttalliana,  A.  pratensis,  Clematis  hirsutissima, 
Pulsatilla  patens  ;  English,  American  pulsatilla,  Crocus,  Goslin  weed, 
Hartshorn  plant,  May  flower,  Pasque  flower,  Prairie  flower,  Wind 
flower,  Wood  anemone. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  branched  root.  The  stem  is 
4  to  12  inches  high,  erect,  hairy.  The  leaves  are  radical,  on  long, 
hairy  petioles,  arising  from  the  rhizome,  ternately  divided,  deeply  cleft, 
the  lobes  linear  and  acute.  The  whole  plant  is  covered  with  long, 
silky  hairs.  The  light,  purplish-blue  flowers,  appearing  in  March  and 
April,  before  the  leaves,  are  erect  and  terminal;  the  lobes  of  the 
involucre,  like  those  of  the  leaves,  at  the  base  united  into  a  shallow 
cup. 

Habitat. —  Dry,  sandy  soil,  prairies,  from  Wisconsin  northward  and 
westward  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  i. 

History. —  Name  from  Anemos,  the  wind,  as  the  flowers  were  sup- 
posed to  open  only  when  the  wind  was  blowing.  Called  Pasque  flower, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  4/7 

as  it  blossoms  at  Easter.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1865 
by  Dr.  Hale  and  proved  by  Dr.  Burt,  U.  S.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ.  I. 
65.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  242.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture^:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Pulsatilla  nuttalliana,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


PYRUS  AMERICANA.  American  Mountain  Ash. 

Natural  Order. —  Rosaceae. 
Synonym. — English,  American  mountain  ash. 

Description. —  A  tree,  or  tall  shrub,  with  smooth,  round,  grayish 
branches  and  close  grained,  not  very  hard  wood.  The  leaves  are  odd- 
pinnate,  13  to  15  leaflets,  lanceolate,  tapering,  pointed,  sharply-serrate, 
with  pointed  teeth,  bright-green,  rather  shining  above,  paler  under- 
neath ;  rachis  and  petiole,  reddish  and  elongated ;  leaf-buds  pointed, 
glabrous  and  somewhat  glutinous.  The  numerous  white  flowers 
appear  in  June  in  large  and  flat  cymes  and  have  a  slight  almond-like 
smell. 

Habitat. —  Maine  to  Pennsylvania  and  Michigan,  southward  along 
the  whole  length  of  the  Alleghanies ;  found  in  swamps  and  mountain 
woods. 

History. —  Name  from  the  Celtic,  peren,  pear.  Mentioned  in 
homoeopathic  literature  in  1878  by  Dr.  Gatchell,  Am.  Horn.  Obs.  XV. 
520.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  623.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  bark. 


4/8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£  /  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Pyrus  americana,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  740  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


QUASSIA  AMARA.  Bitter  Wood. 

Natural  Order. —  Simarubaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Surinam  quassia ;  French,  Bois  amer ;  German, 
Quassienholz. 

Description. —  A  small,  branching,  evergreen  tree  or  shrub,  20  feet 
high,  with  white,  light  wood,  the  bark  and  leaves  resembling  those  of 
the  ash.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  odd-pinnate,  the  five  leaflets  short- 
petioled,  acute  at  both  ends  and  smooth.  The  large  crimson  flowers 
are  hermaphrodite,  appear  in  June  and  July  in  long  terminal  racemes. 
All  parts  are  intensely  bitter,  its  bitterness  being  more  intense  and 
durable  than  that  of  almost  any  other  known  substance.  The  wood 
as  obtained  in  market  is  in  3  to  6  feet  lengths,  is  dense  in  texture, 
rather  hard  and  tough,  yellowish-white  and  frequently  marked  with 
irregular*  black  lines,  or  patches.  The  bark  is  very  fragile,  about  -^j  to 
-^  inch  thick,  of  a  gray  color  externally,  and  a  whitish,  smooth  appear- 
ance internally. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Surinam.     Fig.,  Goullon,  54. 

History. —  Named  by  Linnaeus  in  memory  of  Quassi,  a  negro  of 
Surinam,  who  acquired  a  reputation  with  it  in  the  treatment  of 
malignant  fevers.  It  has  been  known  since  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  It  is  not  to  be  confounded  with  the  Jamaica 
Quassia  of  which  cups  are  made,  which,  though  a  similar  tree,  is  larger. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1860  by  a  proving  by  Drs. 
Mueller  and  Eidherr,  N.  Zeit.  f.  Horn.  Kl.  V.  i.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  VIII.  254.] 

Parts  Used. — The  dried  root,  bark  and  wood. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  4/9 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Quassia,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


QUILLAIA  SAPONARIA.  Soap  Bark. 

Natural  Order. —  Rosaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Quillaja  molinae,  Q.  saponaria,  Q.  smegmader- 
mos,  Smegmaria  emarginata ;  English,  Quillaia  bark, -Soap  bark; 
French,  fecorce  de  quillaya ;  German,  Seif enrinde. 

Description.— An  evergreen  shrub,  or  tree,  10  to  60  feet  high,  with 
alternate,  short-petioled,  oval,  entire,  smooth,  shining,  leathery  leaves. 
The  white  pedunculate  flowers  appear  from  April  to  July,  are  dioecious, 
axillary.  The  wood  is  very  hard.  The  bark  is  found  in  the  market 
in  large  flat  pieces,  i  to  3  feet  long,  several  inches  wide,  ^  inch  thick; 
the  outer  surface  is  rough,  brownish -white,  with  small  patches  of 
corky  layer  attached,  the  inner  surface  whitish  and  smooth,  breaking 
into  splinters,  a  transverse  section  having  a  checkered  appearance.  It 
is  inodorous,  has  a  persistent  acrid  taste,  and  on  mixing  with  water 
foams  like  soap,  whence  its  name. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  Peru,  Chili  and  Brazil. 
History — Described  by  the  Abbe  Molina  in  1782. 
Part  Used — The  dried  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Quillaia,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


480  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  Jive  parts   alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

RANUNCULUS  ACRIS.  Tall  Buttercup. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ranunculus  calif ornicus,  R.  canus,  R.  delphini- 
folius,  R.  dissectus,  R.  fascicularis ;  English,  Acrid  buttercup,  Bach- 
elor's button,  Burwort,  Buttercup,  Crowfoot  buttercup,  Meadow  bloom, 
Meadow  crowfoot,  Tall  buttercup,  Tall  crowfoot,  Upright  buttercup, 
Upright  crowfoot,  Yellow  weed ;  French,  Renoncule  acre ;  German, 
Scharfhahenfuss. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  root  having  a 
somewhat  tuberous  crown  and  many  long  simple  fibers.  The  stem,  2 
to  3  feet  high,  is  erect,  round,  hollow,  leafy,  hirsute  and  branched 
above.  The  radical  leaves  are  on  long,  upright,  hairy  petioles,  three- 
lobed,  variously  subdivided ;  the  cauline  leaves  sessile,  with  fewer  and 
narrower  segments,  the  uppermost  much  smaller,  in  three  linear  entire 
lobes,  or  simple  and  linear.  The  bright-yellow  flowers,  appearing  from 
June  to  August,  are  axillary  and  terminal.  The  whole  plant  is 
extremely  acrid,  causing  inflammation  when  handled ;  this  acridity  is 
dissipated  on  drying. 

Habitat. —  Introduced  into  the  United  States  from  Europe,  common 
eastward ;  found  in  meadows  and  fields.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  6. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  rana,  a  frog,  on  account  of  its  moist 
habitat.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1828  by  Dr.  Franz, 
Archiv.  VII.  3,  218.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  256.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <£.-  Drug  strength  ^. 
Ranunculus  acris,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  481 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3 x  and  higher. 

RANUNCULUS  BULBOSUS.  Buttercup. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Ranunculus  tuberosus  ;  English,  Buttercup, 
Bulbous  crowfoot,  Crowfoot ;  French,  Renoncule ;  German,  Hahnen- 
fuss. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  the  root  a  fleshy,  round- 
ish, depressed  corm,  I  inch  in  diameter,  sending  out  rootlets  under- 
neath. The  several  stems  are  i  foot  high,  erect,  round,  branched, 
hairy,  without  runners.  The  radical  leaves  are  ternate,  the  lateral 
divisions  sessile,  the  terminal  petiolate,  three-parted,  wedge-shaped, 
cleft  and  dentate.  The  numerous  glossy-yellow  flowers,  more  than  an 
inch  broad,  appear  from  April  to  August,  are  solitary,  terminal,  on 
angular,  furrowed,  bristly  peduncles.  The  whole  plant  is  exceedingly 
acrid,  raising  blisters,  sometimes  followed  by  deep  sloughing  ulcers. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  naturalized  in  the  United  States;  found  in 
grassy  fields  and  along  roadsides.  Very  abundant  only  in  New  Eng- 
land. Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  109;  Winkler,  119;  Millspaugh,  5. 

History. —  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  known  drugs,  employed  externally, 
and  as  a  vesicant  prior  to  the  use  of  cantharides.  The  acridity  is  lost 
by  boiling  and  drying,  several  species  being  eaten  as  salad  after  boiling. 
The  acridity  of  the  leaves  and  stems  varies  during  fructification ;  the 
fibers  of  the  root  are  acrid  previous  to  this  period,  not  afterwards. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1821  by  a  proving  by  Dr. 
Franz,  Archiv.  VII.  2,  165.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  257.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant,  gathered  during  flowering. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Ranunculus  bulbosus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


482  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

RANUNCULUS  FLAMMULA.  Spearwort. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Ranunculus  alismaefolius,  R.  ambigens,  R. 
lingua,  R.  robini;  English,  Lesser  spearwort,  Spearwort. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  stem  about  i  foot  high, 
smooth,  reclining  or  ascending,  branched,  leafy,  hairy  near  the  top. 
The  leaves,  i  to  2  inches  long,  are  alternate,  on  flat,  channelled,  half- 
sheathing  petioles,  lanceolate  or  linear,  nearly  entire.  The  bright 
yellow  flowers  appear  from  June  to  September  on  smooth,  round, 
naked  peduncles,  are  terminal,  and  opposite  the  leaves. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  Asia  and  Barbary ;  found  in  wet  places,  and  in 
the  United  States  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Ontario  and  northward. 

History. —  Recognized  as  one  of  the  many  species  of  Ranunculus 
in  the  old  pharmacopeias.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  by 
Dr.  Franz  in  1828,  Archiv.  VII.  3,  219. 

Parts  Used. —  The  entire  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Ranunculus  flammula,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

RANUNCULUS  REPENS.  Creeping  Buttercup, 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  483 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Ranunculus  clintonii,  R.  intermedius,  R.  lanu- 
ginosus,  R.  prostratus,  R.  tomentosus;  English,  Common  crowfoot, 
Creeping  buttercup,  Creeping  crowfoot. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial,  obnoxious  herb.  The  stems 
are  hairy,  or  nearly  glabrous,  erect  in  dry  soil,  creeping  in  moist  situa- 
tions, from  6  inches  to  3  or  4  feet  long  according  to  the  habitat.  The 
leaves  are  tri-ternate,  the  divisions  petiolate,  especially  the  terminal, 
broadly  wedged-shaped,  or  oval,  unequally  three-cleft,  variously  cut. 
The  bright-yellow  flowers  appear  from  May  to  August  on  the  upright 
stems  before  the  long  runners  are  formed,  on  furrowed  peduncles,  with 
corolla  much  larger  than  the  spreading  calyx. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  North  America  from  Georgia  northward 
and  westward;  found  in  ditches,  moist  or  shady  places.  It  is  less 
acrid  than  the  other  species.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  4. 

History. —  With  the  other  species  it  had  place  in  the  old  pharma- 
copeias. Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1828  by  Dr.  Franz, 
Archiv.  VII.  3,  218.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  270.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  Y1^. 

Ranunculus  repens,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


RANUNCULUS  SCELERATUS.     Celery-Leaved  Buttercup. 
Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Herbe  sardoa,  Ranunculus  palustris  ;  English, 
Celery-leaved  buttercup,  Celery-leaved  crowfoot,  Cursed  crowfoot, 
Marsh  crowfoot;  French,  Herbe  sardonique,  Grenouillette  d'eau; 
German,  Gifthahnenfuss. 


484  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  fibrous  root.  The  stem,  very 
smooth  (except  when  the  peduncle  appears  somewhat  hairy),  is  I  to  2 
feet  high,  thick,  round,  hollow,  repeatedly  branched  and  leafy.  The 
lower  leaves  are  petiolate,  rounded,  bluntly-lobed  and  cut ;  the  upper 
are  sessile,  with  deeper  and  narrower  segments ;  the  uppermost,  accom- 
panying the  flowers,  are  lanceolate  and  undivided.  The  small  pale- 
yellow  flowers  appear  from  May  to  August,  are  solitary,  or  sometimes 
in  corymbs  with  the  calyx,  hairy  and  reflexed,  the  five  or  more  petals 
flat,  with  a  little  gland  on  the  inside  of  the  base  of  each. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  Asia  and  the  United  States;  found  in  wet 
patches  by  the  side  of  water.  Fig.,  Winkler,  118;  Millspaugh,  3. 

History. —  Name  from  rana,  a  frog,  from  the  species  inhabiting  wet 
places,  or  the  resemblance  of  the  leaves  to  a  frog's  foot.  A  species 
long  in  use  in  European  pharmacy.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1828  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Franz,  Archiv.  VII.  3,  217. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  270.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  -^. 

Ranunculus  sceleratus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


RAPHANUS  SATIVUS.  Radish. 

Natural  Order. —  Cruciferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Raphanus  hortensis,  R.  nigrum,  R.  raphanis- 
trum;  English,  Bl^ck  or  garden  radish;  French,  Rave;  German, 
Gartenrettig. 

Description. —  A  very  variable,  biennial  or  annual  herb,  with  long, 
round,  tapering,  tender  or  hard  (according  to  age),  differently  colored, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  485 

delicate  or  pungent  root.  The  stem  is  erect,  i  to  2  feet  high,  glaucous, 
somewhat  bristly  and  branched  below.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  petio- 
late  or  sessile,  lyrate,  dentate,  rough,  the  terminal  lobe  oval  or  some- 
what obovate.  The  pink,  purple  or  whitish  flowers  appear  in  May  and 
June  in  terminal  racemes  or  corymbs. 

Habitat. —  China,  Japan  and  the  western  part  of  Asia;  introduced 
into  the  United  States.  A  troublesome  weed  in  fields  in  New  Eng- 
land to  Pennsylvania  and  westward.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  26. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  ra,  quickly,  and  phaino,  to  appear, 
from  its  rapid  germination.  But  little  used  in  medicine.  Introduced 
into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1840  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Nusser,  Rev. 
Crit.  et  Ret.  d.  1.  Mat.  Med.  I.  545.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII. 

277.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Raphanus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


RATANHIA.  Rhatany. 

Natural  Order. —  Polygalaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Krameria  triandra,  Ratanhia  peruviana; 
English,  Mapato,  Pumacuchu,  Rhatany;  French,  Ratanhia,  Ruiz  et 
Pavon;  German,  Ratanhiavvurzel. 

Description. — A  low  shrub,  with  long,  horizontal,  branched  root. 
The  stem  is  procumbent,  tapering,  with  branches  2  to  3  feet  long,  the 
younger  covered  with  soft  hairs,  giving  a  white,  silky  appearance. 
The  few  leaves,  ^  inch  long,  are  alternate,  sessile,  round,  crowded, 


486  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

oblong,  obovate,  acuminate,  entire,  covered  on  both  sides  with  silvery 
hairs.  The  scarlet  flowers,  blooming  nearly  all  the  year,  chiefly  in 
October  and  November,  are  large,  solitary,  on  axillary  peduncles. 
Ratanhia  root  consists  of  a  hard,  tough,  central,  woody  portion,  and 
a  thin,  separable,  rough,  scaly  bark,  brownish  or  reddish-yellow  in 
color  externally,  brownish-red  internally,  difficult  to  pulverize,  odor- 
less, and  having  a  bitter,  astringent  and  sweetish  taste. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Peru ;  growing  in  dry  sandy  places  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  3000  to  8000  feet  above  the  sea.  Discovered  by  Ruiz  in  1779. 
Fig.,  Winkler,  84 ;  Goullon,  43 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  30. 

History. —  Named  krameria  for  Dr.  Kramer;  rhatany,  an  Indian 
word  signifying  creeping.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in 
1831  by  provings  by  Drs.  Hartlaub  and  Trinks,  R.  A.  M.  L.  III.  53. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  290.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <$>:  Drug  strength  -^. 

Ratanhia,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

* 

RESORCINUM.  Resorcin. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C6H4(OH),;  109.74. 

Synonyms. — English,  Resorcinol,  Metadioxybenzol ;  French,  Resor- 
cine;  German,  Resorcin. 

Description. —  This  oxyphenol  crystallizes  in  short,  colorless,  rhom- 
bic prisms  or  plates,  odorless,  and  having  a  disagreeably  sweet  and 
rather  acrid  taste.  It  becomes  reddish  on  exposure  to  the  air.  Is 
freely  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  ether ;  less  readily  soluble  in  carbon 
disulfid,  chloroform  and  benzol;  reaction  neutral.  It  melts  at  118°  C. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  487 

and  boils  at  276.5°  C.  Resorcin  burns  with  a  bright  flame,  without 
residue.  Chlorinated  lime  colors  its  solution  a  transient  violet,  ferric 
chlorid  a  purplish-black,  disappearing  on  the  addition  of  ammonia.  It 
should  melt  to  a  clear  colorless  liquid  when  carefully  heated  in  a  test 
'  tube ;  at  a  higher  heat  should  volatilize  with  white  vapors  and  without 
residue,  or  leaving  only  a  little  charcoal.  It  is  obtained  from  the 
alcoholic  extract  of  ammoniac,  or  galbanum,  or  by  a  cheaper  process 
from  benzol,  and  should  be  kept  well-stoppered  and  protected  from 
the  light. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :    ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <f>:  ix  in  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  in  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

RHAMNUS  CATHARTICUS.  Purging  Buckthorn. 

Natural  Order — Rhamnaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Frangula  caroliniana,  F.  fragilis,  Sarcomphalus 
carolinianus,  Spina  cervina ;  English,  Buckthorn,  Hartsthorn,  Purging 
buckthorn,  Waythorn;  French,  Bourquepine,  Nerprun;  German, 
Kreuzdorn,  Wegdorn. 

Description, —  A  deciduous  shrub,  with  stem  5  to  10  feet  high, 
alternate,  or  nearly  opposite  branches,  spreading,  straight,  round, 
smooth,  hard,  rigid ;  branchlets  thorny,  ending  in  a  strong  spine  after 
the  first  year.  The  bright-green  leaves  are  mostly  alternate,  frequently 
fasiculate,  simple,  pinnately-veined,  ovate,  minutely-serrate,  smooth, 
petioles  and  young  leaves  downy.  The  greenish-yellow,  polygamous 
or  dioecious  flowers  appear  in  May  and  June  in  axillary  clusters  on  the 
last  year's  branches.  The  bluish-black  berries,  four-celled  and  four- 
seeded,  are  globular,  somewhat  flat  on  top,  smooth  and  shining,  having 
an  unpleasant  odor  and  a  bitter,  acrid,  nauseous  taste. 

Habitat. —  Northern  Africa,  greater  part  of  Europe  from  the  Cau- 
casus to  Siberia;  it  grows  in  thickets;  sparingly  naturalized  in  the 
United  States,  where  it  is  cultivated  for  hedges,  appearing  spontane- 
ously on  the  Hudson  River.  Fig.,  Goullon,  57;  Bent,  and  Trim.  64; 
Millspaugh,  41. 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


History. —  Named  from  the  Celtic,  ram,  a  tuft  of  branches,  from  the 
resemblance  of  the  thorns  to  a  stag's  horns.  As  Spina  cervina  it  was 
known  as  early  as  the  thirteenth  century.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  in  1850.  Case  of  poisoning  by  eating  the  berries 
reported,  Allg.  Zeit.  f.  Horn.  II.  139.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
VIII.  301.] 

Part  Used — The  ripe  berries. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Rhamnus  catharticus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


RHAMNUS  FRANGULA.  Buckthorn. 

Natural  Order. —  Rhamnaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Frangula  caroliniana,  F.  vulgaris;  English, 
Alder  buckthorn,  Berry-bearing  buckthorn,  Black  alder,  Buckthorn 
alder,  European  (black)  alder  buckthorn. 

Description. —  A  thornless  shrub,  with  slender,  somewhat  straggling 
stem,  6  to  12  feet  high,  with  smooth,  purplish-gray  bark;  the  extremi- 
ties of  the  young  branches,  buds  and  petioles  having  short  reddish- 
yellow  down.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  \y2  to  2^  inches  long, 
petioled,  with  very  small  deciduous  stipules,  entire,  smooth,  bright- 
green,  rather  flaccid  and  undulating.  The  flowers  are  very  small, 
bi-sexual,  appearing  from  April  to  June  in  small  clusters  on  slender, 
drooping,  axillary  peduncles.  The  bark  is  found  in  market  ^  inch 
thick  in  small  quills  of  a  gray,  brownish-gray  or  blackish-brown  color 
externally,  with  whitish,  warty,  transversely-elongated  protuberances, 
the  inner  surface  smooth,  brownish-yellow,  somewhat  fibrous  in  tex- 
ture, odorous,  with  a  pleasant,  sweetish  taste. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  489 

Habitat. —  Found  throughout  Europe,  extending  into  Siberia,  the 
Caucasus  and  Mediterranean  coast  of  Africa,  also  in  the  United  States 
along  the  river-banks  of  New  Jersey,  Virginia,  Kentucky  and  south- 
ward. Fig.,  Goullon,  58;  Bent,  and  Trim.  65. 

History. —  Name  from  frango,  to  break,  from  its  brittle  stems. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1850,  Allg.  Zeit.  f.  Horn.  II. 
139.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.'  302.] 

Part  Used. — The  bark  of  the  young  branches,  gathered  in  spring 
and  kept  at  least  one  year. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  ^j-. 

Rhamnus  frangula,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 


RHAMNUS  PURSHIANA.  Cascara. 

Natural  Order. —  Rhamnaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cascara  sagrada;  English,  Chittem  bark, 
Sacred  bark. 

Description. —  A  small  tree  not  more  than  20  feet  high,  with  flexu- 
ous  branches.  The  leaves,  2  to  7  inches  long,  i  to  3  inches  wide,  are 
ovate,  obtuse,  acutely-pointed,  finely-serrate,  thin,  pubescent  beneath. 
The  flowers  are  large,  in  cymose  umbels.  The  bark  is  found  in  market 
in  small,  smooth  pieces,  or  in  quills,  breaking  with  a  short  fracture, 
the  external  layer  having  pale,  broad  warts  on  its  outer  surface,  which 
is  whitish  or  brownish-gray,  while  the  inner  is  yellowish  or  light- 
brown,  becoming  dark.  It  is  inodorous  and  has  a  bitter  taste. 

Habitat. —  Found  in  California  and  northward  to  British  America. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Celtic,  ram,  branching,  and  from 
Dr.  Pursh. 

Part  Used. — The  bark,  at  least  two  years  old. 


490  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  •£$. 

Rhamnus  purshiana,  ioo  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  400  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol;   3x  and   higher,    with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


RHEUM.  Rhubarb, 

Natural  Order. —  Polygonaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Rhabarbarum,  Rheum  compactum,  R.  emodi, 
R.  muscoviticum,  R.  officinale,  R.  palmatum,  R.  rhaponticum,  R. 
russicum,  R.  undulatum ;  English,  Indian  (China)  rhubarb,  Rhubarb; 
French,  Rhubarbe;  German,  Rhabarber. 

Description. — The  root  of  one  or  more  undetermined  species. 
What  is  known  as  the  Chinese  or  Indian  rhubarb  (Rheum  sinense  and 
Rheum  indicum)  is  in  hard,  compact,  cylindrical,  conical  or  flattened 
pieces,  externally  of  a  brownish-yellow  color,  having  a  smooth,  powdery 
surface  as  though  the  bark  were  scraped  off ;  on  breaking  it  presents 
a  ragged,  uneven  surface,  with  various  shades  of  dull-red,  yellow  and 
white,  with  darker  colors  and  marked  with  dark  lines,  forming  starlike 
spots.  The  pieces  are  perforated  with  small  holes,  where  a  cord  has 
been  used  for  suspension  during  drying.  It  has  a  peculiar,  unpleasant, 
aromatic  smell,  a  bitter,  astringent  taste  and  a  grittiness  when  chewed, 
and  forms  a  yellowish-brown  powder,  with  a  reddish-brown  tinge  when 
pulverized. 

Habitat. —  India,  China,  Tartary,  Thibet,  also  grown  in  various 
parts  of  Europe,  England,  France,  Belgium  and  Germany.  Fig., 
Flora  Horn.  II.  124;  Winkler,  124;  Goullon,  213;  Bent,  and  Trim.  215. 

History. —  The  derivation  of  the  name  supposed  by  Linnaeus  to  be 
from  reo,  to  flow,  the  root  causing  a  discharge  of  bile.  It  was  in  use 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  491 

as  a  medicine  by  the  Chinese  long  before  the  Christian  era.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1805  by  Hahnemann,  Frag.  d. 
Vir.  Med.  185.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  503.] 

Part  Used.— The  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Rheum,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  400  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


RHODODENDRON  CHRYSANTHEMUM. 

Golden  Flowered  Rhododendron. 

Natural  Order. —  Ericaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Rhododendron  officinale ;  English,  Golden  or 
yellow  flowered  rhododendron,  Rosebay,  Yellow  snow  rose ;  French, 
Rose  de  Siberie;  Get  man,  Alpenrose,  Gichtrose,  Schneerose. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  undershrub,  from  y2  to  \y2  feet  high, 
i  inch  thick,  covered  with  brown  bark  and  having  spreading  branches. 
The  leaves  are  alternate,  much-veined,  oblong,  tapering  into  the 
petiole,  obtuse,  reflexed,  scabrous  above,  pale  rust-colored  beneath. 
The  large  yellow  flowers  appear  in  June  and  July  on  long  peduncles 
in  terminal  umbels  among  large  downy  scales. 

Habitat. —  It  grows  on  the  highest  snow-clad  mountains  of  Siberia, 
the  low  mountains  of  Kamtschatka  and  the  high  Alps.  Its  habitat 
and  time  of  gathering  affect  its  efficacy.  Fig.,  Winkler,  121 ;  Goullon, 
164. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  rhodon,  a  rose,  and  dendron,  a  tree. 
The  leaves,  buds  and  twigs  have  been  used  in  medicine  since  the  latter 


492  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

part  of  the  last  century.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in 
1831  by  provings  by  Dr.  Seidel,  Archiv.  X.  3,  139.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  VIII.  311.] 

Parts  Used. — The  dried  leaves  and  flower  buds,  gathered  when  the 
latter  are  well  developed,  but  not  opened. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Rhododendron,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

RHUS  AROMATICA.  Fragrant  Sumach. 

Natural  Order. — Anacardiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Betula  triphylla,  Lobadium  aromaticum,  Rhus 
canadensis,  R.  suaveolens,  Turpinia  glabra,  T.  pubescens;  English, 
Fragrant  sumach. 

Description. — A  straggling  bush,  with  stem  4  feet  high  and  tough 
wood.  The  odorous  leaves  are  ternate,  ovate,  unequally  dentate, 
pubescent  when  young,  thickish  when  old.  The  middle  leaflets  are 
wedge-shaped  at  the  base.  The  pale-yellow  flowers  appear  from  April 
to  May,  preceding  the  leaves,  in  clustered,  scaly-bracted  spikes.  Not 
poisonous. 

Habitat. —  Found  on  dry  rocky  soil,  Vermont  to  Michigan,  Ken- 
tucky and  westward.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  39. 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Rhus  aromatica,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  700  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  493 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  disfensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


RHUS  GLABRA.  Common  Sumach, 

Natural  Order. — Anacardiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Rhus  carolinense,  R.  elegans,  R.  virginicum; 
English,  Common,  smooth,  Pennsylvania  and  upland  sumach ;  French, 
Sumac;  German,  Sumach. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  shrub,  with  stem  2  to  12  feet  high,  more 
or  less  bent,  divided  into  straggling  branches,  covered  with  smooth, 
light-gray  or  somewhat  reddish  bark,  with  small  scattered  warts.  The 
leaves  are  alternate,  odd-pinnate,  11  to  31  leaflets,  petioles  crimson, 
leaflets  lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrate,  glabrous,  green  on  their  upper 
surface,  downy  beneath ;  in  autumn  their  color  changing  to  a  beautiful 
red.  The  greenish-white  polygamous  flowers  appear  in  June  and  July 
in  a  terminal  thyrsoid  panicle. 

Habitat. —  Found  in  North  America  on  rocky  or  barren  soils. 
Fig.,  Millspaugh,  36. 

History. —  Used  by  the  Chippeway  Indians.  Mention  made  in 
1853,  N.  A.  J.  Horn.  VI.  553.  Proving  by  Dr.  Marshall  in  1866,  Kale's 
New  Rem.  2nd  ed.  872.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  329.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  bark  and  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Rhus  glabra,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


494 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


RHUS  TOXICODENDRON.  Poison  Ivy. 

Natural  Order. —  Anacardiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Rhus  humile,  R.  pubescens,  R.  radicans,  R. 
toxicodendron,  R.  verrucosa,  Vitis  canadensis;  English,  Poison  ash, 
oak  or  vine,  Mercury  vine,  Three-leaved  ivy,  Trailing  sumach  ;  French, 
Arbre  a  poison,  Sumac  veneneux;  German,  Gift  Sumach,  Wurtzel 
Sumach. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  shrub,  with  reddish,  branching  stem,  I 
to  3  feet  high,  or  climbing  by  rootlets  over  rocks,  etc.,  or  ascending 
trees,  in  which  latter  case  it  becomes  Rhus  radicans.  The  leaves  are 
alternate,  ternate,  the  lateral  leaflets  unequal  at  the  base  and  sessile, 
the  terminal  one  larger  at  the  end  of  a  prolongation  of  the  common 
petiole  (cauline  differing  from  the  radical),  rhombic-ovate  pointed, 
variously  notched  or  entire,  cut-lobed,  downy  beneath,  thin ;  the  char- 
acter of  the  leaves  somewhat  inconstant,  depending  probably  on  the 
situation  and  proximity  of  supporting  objects.  The  small  greenish- 
white  flowers  are  polygamous  and  appear  in  June  in  loose  and  slender 
axillary  panicles.  The  whole  plant  has  a  resinous,  milky,  acrid  juice, 
staining  black  and  extremely  poisonous. 

Habitat. —  In  the  United  States ;  found  in  thickets  and  low  grounds. 
Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  130;  Winkler,  117;  Jahr  and  Cat.  260;  Goullon, 
60;  Millspaugh,  38. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Celtic,  rhudd,  signifying  red, 
alluding  to  the  color  of  the  flowers  and  leaves  of  some  of  the  species 
in  autumn.  It  has  been  used  to  a  limited  extent  in  old-school  phar- 
macy. Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1816  by  Hahnemann, 
R.  A.  M.  L.,  II.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  330.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  </>.•  Drug  strength  ^. 
Rhus  toxicodendron,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  495 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

CAUTION. —  The  tincture  poisons  the  skin,  and  bottles  containing  it 
should  therefore  be  handled  with  great  care. 

RHUS  VENENATA.  Poison  Sumach. 

Natural  Order. —  Anacardiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Rhus  vernix,  R.  vernicifera;  English,  Dog 
wood,  Poison  ash,  elder,  sumach,  tree  or  wood,  Varnish  tree,  Varnish 
or  swamp  sumach. 

Description. — A  beautiful  shrub,  or  small  tree,  10  to  30  feet  high, 
i  to  5  inches  in  diameter,  trunk  a  dark-gray,  color  of  the  branches 
lighter  and  of  the  twigs  and  petioles  a  beautiful  red.  The  stems  are 
erect,  branching  at  the  top,  smooth,  or  nearly  so.  The  leaves  are  odd- 
pinnately  compound,  seven-  to  thirteen-petioled  leaflets,  ovate-lanceo- 
late, acute,  entire,  smooth.  The  greenish-white  polygamous  flowers 
appear  in  June  in  loose,  slender,  erect  panicles  in  the  axils  of  the 
uppermost  leaves. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  North  America  from  Florida  to  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  northward  to  Canada;  found  in  swampy  ground.  Fig., 
Millspaugh,  37. 

History. — This  is  the  most  poisonous  species  of  the  rhus  and 
affords  the  Japan  varnish.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in 
J835  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Bute,  Archiv.  XV.  i,  179.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  VIII.  378.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  leaves  and  stem. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Rhus  venenata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

CAUTION. — The  tincture  poisons  the  skin,  and  bottles  containing  it 
should  therefore  be  handled  with  great  care. 


496  THE   PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

RICINUS  COMMUNIS.  Castor  Oil  Plant 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Ricinus  africanus,  R.  europaeus,  R.  inermis,  R. 
laevis,  R.  lividus,  R.  viridis ;  English,  Castor  oil  plant,  Palma  Christ! ; 
French,  Semence  de  ricin ;  German,  Ricinussamen. 

Description. — The  seeds  of  a  tree,  or  shrub,  varying  from  4  to  40 
feet  in  height,  according  to  its  position.  In  the  most  favorable  regions 
it  attains  a  height  of  40  feet ;  in  the  Mediterranean  countries  it  is  a 
small  tree  10  to  15  feet  high,  while  in  the  temperate  parts  of  America 
and  Europe  it  is  cultivated  as  an  annual  of  4  or  5  feet.  The  fruit  is  a 
blunt,  somewhat  globular,  greenish,  deeply  grooved,  prickly  capsule, 
with  three  projecting  sides,  having  three  cells,  containing  one  seed 
each.  The  seeds  are  y$  to  y?  inch  long,  ^  to  ^  inch  broad  and  % 
inch  thick,  ovate,  compressed,  convex  on  one  side,  smooth,  shining, 
with  brown  or  black  spots  and  exhibiting  a  great  variety  of  colors. 

Habitat. —  India,  cultivated  in  temperate  latitudes  of  North  America 
and  Europe.  Fig.,  Winkler,  122;  Goullon,  227;  Bent,  and  Trim.  237. 

History. —  It  was  known  in  Egypt  in  the  time  of  Herodotus  (400  to 
500  B.  C).  It  was  used  for  illuminating,  afterwards  as  an  external 
remedy  and  later  as  a  purgative.  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  litera- 
ture in  1841  by  Dr.  Buckner,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  XX.  9.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  400;  X.  628.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  ripe  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Ricinus  communis,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  loco  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 


ROBINIA  PSEUDACACIA.  Locust. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  497 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Pseudacacia  odorata,  Robinia  fragilis;  English, 
Black,  false  or  yellow  locust,  False  acacia,  Locust ;  French,  Robinier ; 
German,  Falsche  Acacien. 

Description — A  deciduous  tree,  from  40  to  80  feet  high,  I  to  4  feet 
in  diameter,  with  erect,  straight  trunk,  dark  rough  bark  and  yellow, 
light,  hard,  durable  wood.  The  branches  are  naked,  spinous  when 
young,  the  spines  taking  the  place  of  stipules.  The  leaves  are  odd- 
pinnate,  nearly  sessile,  obovate  or  oblong,  leaflets  smooth,  with  prickly 
spines.  The  white  fragrant  flowers  appear  in  May  and  June  in  slender, 
loose,  pendent,  axillary  racemes. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  southern  Pennsylvania  to  Illinois  and 
southward ;  cultivated  as  an  ornamental  tree  and  for  its  valuable 
timber.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  50. 

History. —  Named  for  Jean  Robin,  herbalist  to  Henry  IV.  of  France. 
Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  by  Dr.  Burt  in  1864,  Am.  Horn. 
Obs.  I.  61.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  402;  X.  608.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  bark  of  the  young  twigs,  or  of  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  J$. 
Robinia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Strong  alcohol,  840  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dihitions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


RUMEX  ACETOSA.  Sorrel. 

Natural  Order. —  Polygonaceae. 
Synonyms — English,  Field  or  common  sorrel. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  having  a  long,  tapering,  somewhat 
woody  root.  The  stem  is  i  to  2  feet  high,  erect,  simple,  leafy,  striated. 
The  radical  leaves  are  petiolate,  somewhat  ovate-lanceolate,  arrow- 
shaped,  with  two  lateral  teeth,  the  cauline  sessile,  more  oblong, 


498  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

narrower  and  entire.  The  small,  reddish  dioecious  flowers  appear  in 
the  spring  in  terminal,  erect,  compound,  whorled,  naked  panicles; 
the  staminate  are  green,  with  a  reddish  tinge,  the  pistillate  redder. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain;  found  abundant  in  waste  places,  sterile 
and  worn  fields. 

History. —  The  leaves,  containing  oxalate  of  potash,  are  agreeably 
sour  and  are  used  for  salads  and  soups.  The  effects  of  eating  the 
leaves  published  in  Lond.  Med.  Gaz.  1847,  and  N.  A.  J.  of  Horn.  IV. 
114  (1855).  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  415.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Rum  ex  acetosa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;  '3X  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


RUMEX  CRISPUS.  Yellow  Dock. 

Natural  Order. —  Polygonaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Curled,  narrow,  sour,  or  yellow  dock,  Garden 
patience  ;  French,  Patience  frisee  ;  German,  Krauser  Ampfer. 

Description. — A  smooth,  perennial  herb,  with  deep,  spindle-shaped, 
yellow  root.  The  smooth  stem,  3  to  4  feet  high,  is  angular,  furrowed, 
somewhat  zigzag.  The  leaves  are  lanceolate,  petiolate,  whorled,  acute, 
wavy-curled,  smooth,  lightish-green  in  color;  the  radical  leaves  long- 
petioled,  truncate,  or  scarcely  heart-shaped  at  the  base,  the  cauline 
acute  at  both  ends,  nearly  sessile.  The  numerous,  small,  incon- 
spicuous greenish  flowers  appear  from  May  to  August  in  long,  slender 
racemes. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  499 

Habitat. —  Naturalized  from  Europe,  found  everywhere  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  United  States.  One  of  the  most  troublesome 
weeds ;  very  common  in  cultivated  and  waste  grounds,  and  extremely 
difficult  to  eradicate.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  143. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1852  by  prov- 
ings  by  Dr.  Joslin,  Phil.  Journ.  Horn.  I.  289.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  VIII.  417.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Rumex  crispus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


RUTA  GRAVEOLENS.  Rue. 

Natural  Order. —  Rutaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Ruta  hortensis,  R.  latifolia,  R.  montana,  R. 
sativa,  R.  vulgaris ;  English,  Bitter  herb,  Countryman's  treacle,  Garden 
rue,  Rue;  French,  Rue  des  jardins;  German,  Garten  Raute. 

Description. — An  evergreen  undershrub.  The  several  stems  are 
about  2  feet  high,  shrubby  branching,  cylindrical  and  slender.  The 
leaves,  from  3  to  4  inches  long,  are  alternate,  long-petiolate,  supra- 
decompound  ;  the  leaflets  oblong,  the  terminal  obovate ;  the  uppermost 
leaves  are  simply-pinnate,  triangular-ovate  in  outline,  obtusely-crenate, 
subcoriaceous,  bluish-green.  The  yellow  flowers  appear  from  June  to 
September  in  terminal,  branched  corymbs  on  subdivided  peduncles. 
All  parts  of  the  plant  are  filled  with  transparent  dots;  the  leaves 
are  beset  with  small  glands,  containing  an  oil  of  a  peculiarly  strong 
balsamic  odor  and  of  an  aromatic,  bitter,  acrid  taste. 


50O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. — Western  Asia  and  Canary  Islands,  naturalized  in  southern 
Europe,  where  it  is  common  in  sterile  waste  places ;  cultivated  in  India 
and  United  States.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  143;  Winkler,  120;  Jahr 
and  Cat.  262;  Goullon,  50;  Bent,  and  Trim.  44. 

History. —  Ruta  is  about  the  same  in  all  languages,  graveolens, 
strong  smelling.  It  was  held  in  high  esteem  at  the  time  of  Hippo- 
crates. Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1818  by  Hahnemann, 
R.  A.  M.  L.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  431.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:    Drug  strength  ^. 

Ruta  graveolens,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

SABADILLA.  Cevadilla. 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Asagraea  officinalis,  Cebadilla,  Helonias  offici- 
nalis,  Hordeum  causticum,  Melanthium  sabadilla,  Sabadilla  officinarum, 
Schoenocaulon  officinale,  Veratrum  officinale,  V.  sabadilla;  English, 
Cevadilla  seeds,  Indian  caustic  barley;  French,  Sebadille ;  German, 
Sabadillasaamen. 

Description. — The  seeds  of  several  species  of  bulbous  rooted, 
herbaceous  plants,  3  to  5  feet  high,  with  linear  tapering,  entire  leaves 
and  yellow  flowers.  The  fruit  consists  of  three  slightly  spreading, 
brownish,  papery  follicles,  about  yz  inch  long,  united  at  the  base, 
spreading  somewhat  towards  the  apex,  opening  by  their  ventral 
suture ;  each  follicle  contains  usually  two,  sometimes  six  seeds  ;  these 
are  \  to  \  inch  long,  narrow,  pointed,  flattened  on  one  side,  convex  on 
the  other,  shining,  rugose,  blackish-brown,  inodorous,  and  have  a  per- 
sistent, acrid  and  bitter  taste.  The  seeds  yield  3  per  cent  of  veratrin. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  5OI 

Habitat. —  Mexico,  West  Indies,  Guatemala  and  Venezuela ;  found 
in  grassy  plains  on  open  hills  from  3,500  to  4,000  feet  above  sea  level. 
Fig.,  Winkler,  1 50 ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  263 ;  Goullon,  264 ;  Bent,  and 
Trim.  287. 

History. —  Described  in  1571  as  in  use  by  the  Indians  of  New 
Spain  as  a  caustic.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1825  by 
provings  reported  by  Dr.  Stapf,  Archiv.  IV.  3,  119.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  VIII.  443.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  capsuled  seeds,  as  imported. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£ ;  Drug  strength  -jfa. 

Sabadilla,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

SABAL  SERRULATA.  Saw  Palmetto. 

Natural  Order. —  Palmaceae. 

Synonym. — Latin,  Chamaerops  serrulata. 

Description. —  A  creeping,  evergreen  shrub,  2  to  3  feet  long,  with 
large  fibrous  roots  extending  outward  several  feet  from  the  stem. 
The  densely  set,  large  leaves,  with  aculeate-serrate  petioles,  are  pal- 
mately  fan-shaped,  plaited  and  many  cleft  with  fibrous  threads  hanging 
between  the  segments.  The  small,  perfect,  greenish-purple  flowers 
appear  from  June  to  August  on  a  thick,  branching  spadix.  The 
oblong-ovate,  dark-purple  or  brown  fruit  ripens  in  October,  November 
and  early  in  December,  its  yield  being  larger  in  alternate  years.  It 
contains  a  pit  or  seed,  resembling  that  of  the  olive ;  has  an  aromatic 
odor,  and  a  taste  at  first  sweet,  afterward  pungently  bitter,  and  finally 
smooth  and  oily. 

Habitat. —  Barrens,  South  Carolina  to  Florida. 
Part  Used. —  The  fresh  ripe  fruit. 


5O2  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Sabal  serrulata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  fotir  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


SABINA.  Savin, 

Natural  Order. —  Conif erae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Juniperus  fcetida,  J.  lycia,  J.  prostrata,  J.  sabina, 
Sabina  officinalis,  S.  sterilis,  S.  vulgaris ;  English,  Savin ;  French, 
Sabine ;  German,  Sadebaum. 

Description. —  A  compact,  evergreen  shrub,  spreading  horizontally 
or  rising  erect  to  the  height  of  3  to  15  feet.  The  trunk,  sometimes  a 
foot  in  diameter,  has  a  pale,  reddish-brown,  scaly  bark.  The  slender, 
round,  tough  branches  and  bright-green  young  twigs  are  closely 
covered  with  short,  acute,  imbricating  leaves.  The  leaves  —  opposite, 
or  in  threes,  erect,  firm,  smooth,  pointed,  dark-green,  with  surface 
glandular  in  the  middle, — are  very  bitter  and  have  a  strong,  disagree- 
able smell.  The  flowers,  appearing  in  May  and  June,  are  unisexual, 
dioecious,  very  small ;  the  male  in  catkins,  the  female  in  cones  at  the 
extremities  of  the  lateral  branches. 

Habitat. —  Southern  and  middle  Europe,  Russia,  in  Asia  and  North 
America ;  found  throughout  a  large  portion  of  the  colder  temperate 
regions  of  the  northern  hemisphere,  except  in  the  Scandinavian 
peninsula,  varying  much  in  growth ;  found  on  rocky  banks  from  Maine 
to  Wisconsin  and  further  northward.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  148; 
Winkler,  83  ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  264 ;  Goullon,  291  ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  254. 

History. —  The  name  from  the  Celtic,  jeneprus,  signifying  rough, 
or  rude ;  Sabina,  the  Latin  name  for  the  plant.  Introduced  into 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF   HOMCEOPATHY.  503 

homoeopathic  practice  by  provings  of  Hahnemann  and  others,  Archiv. 
V.  i,  151.     [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  458.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  stems  and  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  -j^. 
Sabina,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  112  Cc.  =  212 

Strong  alcohol,  903  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


SALICINUM.  Salicin. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C13H18O7;  285.33. 

Natural  Order. —  Salicaceae. 

Synonyms. — French,  Salicine;  German,  Salicin. 

Description. —  A  crystalline  glucoside,  obtainable,  when  pure,  in 
the  form  of  white,  shining  scales  or  needles,  or  as  colorless  plates,  or 
flat  rhombic  prisms,  odorless,  and  of  an  extremely  bitter  taste ;  per- 
manent in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  28  parts  of  water,  in  30  parts  of 
alcohol,  and  in  acetic  acid ;  insoluble  in  ether,  chloroform  and  benzin ; 
reaction  neutral.  It  melts  at  198°  C.,  cooling  to  a  crystalline  mass, 
and  when  ignited,  burns  without  residue;  with  cold  sulfuric  acid, 
salicin  gives  a  bright-red  solution,  which  takes  up  water  from  the  air 
and  deposits  a  red  powder, — rutilin.  Salicin  is  not  precipitated  from 
its  aqueous  solution  by  tannic  or  picric  acid,  nor  by  mercuric  potas- 
sium iodid  test  solution ;  this  test  differentiating  it  from  alkaloids  and 
indicating  their  absence.  It  is  obtained  from  the  bark  of  several 
species  of  salix  and  populus.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
VIII.  473- 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


504  THE    PHARMACOPEIA   OF   THE 

SALIX  NIGRA.  Black  Willow. 

Natural  Order. —  Salicaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Salix  ambigua,  S.  falcata,  S.  ligustrina,  S. 
purshiana ;  English,  Black  willow. 

Description. — A  shrub  or  tree,  15  to  25  feet  high,  with  rough  black 
bark  and  very  brittle  branches  at  the  base.  The  leaves  have  small 
deciduous  stipules,  are  alternate,  narrowly-lanceolate,  pointed  and 
tapering  at  each  end,  serrate,  smooth  (except  on  the  petioles  and  mid- 
rib), green  on  both  sides.  The  flowers  appear  in  May  and  June  in 
peduncled  catkins  on  the  summit  of  the  lateral  leafy  branches  of  the 
season ;  scales  entire,  greenish-yellow,  more  or  less  hairy,  falling 
before  the  pods  are  ripe. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  frequent  along  streams,  especially  south- 
ward. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Celtic,  sal,  near,  and  lis,  water. 
Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  by  Dr.  Wright  in  1875,  Am. 
Horn.  Obs.  XII.  177.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  630.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -^. 

Salix  nigra,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

SALIX  PURPUREA.  Purple  Willow. 

Natural  Order. —  Salicaceae. 

Synonyms. — Lathi,  Salix  helix,  S.  lambertiana,  S.  monandra; 
English,  Bitter,  purple  or  red  willow ;  German,  Purpurishe  Weide. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  50$ 

Description. —  A  deciduous  tree,  shrub,  or  trailing  bush,  6  to  10 
feet  high,  with  very  smooth  and  bitter  bark,  and  terete,  tough,  pliable 
branches,  the  twigs  sometimes  olive-colored  or  reddish.  The  leaves, 
opposite  and  alternate  on  the  same  plant  on  short,  stout  petioles,  are 
simple,  oblanceolate,  pointed,  minutely  and  sparingly  dentate,  smooth, 
light,  rather  glaucous  and.  green.  The  flowers  appear  "in  April  and 
May  in  slender  catkins,  scales  round  and  concave,  very  black,  hirsute 
and  persistent. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  introduced  from  Europe;  found  in  low 
grounds.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  161. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  fragmentary 
proving  in  1870  by  Dr.  Duncan,  N.  Y.  State  Trans.  328.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  475.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Salix  purpurea,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  j Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


SALOL.  SaloL 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C6H5C7H5O3;  213.49. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Salolum ;  English,  Phenyl  salicylate;  French, 
Salicylate  de  phenol;  German,  Salicylsaure-Phenylaether,  Phenyl- 
salicylat. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white,  crystalline  coarse  powder,  having 
a  faint  aromatic  odor  and  a  slight  taste  of  carbolic  acid.  It  is  insoluble 
in  water;  soluble  in  10  parts  of  alcohol  at  15°  C.,  also  soluble  in  ether, 
benzol  and  in  fatty  oils;  reaction  neutral.  It  melts  at  from  42  to 


506  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

43°  C.  Salol  is  the  phenylic  ether  of  salicylic  acid,  consisting  of  60 
parts  by  weight  of  salicylic  acid  and  40  parts  of  phenol.  Having  no 
unpleasant  taste  it  is  often  used  in  place  of  salicylic  acid,  decomposing 
in  the  intestinal  canal  into  salicylic  and  carbolic  acids. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Ttitumtions:  ix  and  higher. 


SALVIA  OFFICINALIS.  Sage. 

Natural  Order. —  Labiatae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Garden  sage,  Sage;  French,  Sauge  officinale; 
German,  Salbei. 

Description. —  A  low,  straggling,  deciduous,  perennial  undershrub, 
with  ascending  or  decumbent  stem  3  feet  high,  giving  off  roots  at  the 
nodes,  bluntly  quadrangular,  with  erect,  hoary  branches,  leafy  at 
the  base,  those  bearing  flowers  i  to  \y2  feet  long,  tomentose.  The 
leaves  are  numerous,  opposite,  crowded  on  the  barren  branches,  entire, 
petiolate,  oblong,  narrowed  or  rounded,  rugose,  the  lowermost  white, 
with  wool  beneath ;  floral  leaves  sessile,  ovate,  acuminate,  and  striated  at 
the  base,  veiny  above,  woolly  and  whitish  beneath.  The  large  flowers 
are  blue,  variegated  with  white,  on  short  pubescent  peduncles,  arranged 
in  axillary  cymes  of  three  or  five.  All  parts  of  the  plant  are  more  or 
less  glandular,  have  a  strong  aromatic  odor  and  a  bitter,  somewhat 
astringent  taste. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  southern  Europe,  extensively  cultivated  in 
England,  France,  Germany  and  the  United  States. 

History. — The  name  derived  from  the  Latin,  salvo,  to  heal. 
Part  Used. — The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Salvia  officinalis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


SAMBUCUS  CANADENSIS.  Elder, 

Natural  Order. —  Caprifoliaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Sambucus  glauca,  S.  humilis;  English,  Ameri- 
can, black,  Canadian,  common,  or  sweet  elder,  Elder,  Elder  blooms; 
French,  Sureau  du  Canada ;  German,  Canadische  Hollunder. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  shrub,  5  to  10  feet  high,  with 
large  white  pith,  scarcely  woody.  The  leaves,  6  to  12  inches  long,  are 
opposite,  petiolate,  odd-pinnate;  leaflets  7  to  n,  opposite,  petioled, 
oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  strongly-serrate,  mostly  smooth,  the 
lower  tri-foliate,  glabrous  above,  paler,  slightly  hairy  beneath.  The 
white,  odorous  flowers  appear  from  June  to  August  in  five-parted 
corymbose  cymes. 

Habitat. —  United  States  and  Canada  from  New  Brunswick  to 
Saskatchewan,  southward  to  Florida  and  Texas,  westward  to  Arizona ; 
found  in  rich  soil  in  open  places,  thickets,  along  fences  and  hedges. 
Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  138;  Millspaugh,  75. 

History. —  Name  from  sambuca,  a  musical  instrument  made  of  the 
wood  on  account  of  its  hardness.  The  flowers  and  other  parts  of 
the  plant  have  been  employed  in  domestic  practice  for  a  long  while. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Uebelacker. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  476.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  flowers. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Sambucus  canadensis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


5O8  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

SAMBUCUS  NIGRA.  European  Elder. 

Natural  Order. —  Caprif oliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sambucus  acinis  albis,  S.  laciniatis  follis,  S. 
maderensis ;  English,  Black  berried  European  elder,  Bore  tree,  Com- 
mon European  elder,  Elder;  French,  Sureau;  German,  Schwarzer 
Hollunder. 

Description. —  A  deciduous  tree,  15  to  20  feet  high,  branching 
towards  the  top,  with  rough,  whitish  bark,  filled  with  whitish,  light, 
spongy  pith.  The  leaves,  i  to  3  inches  long,  are  opposite,  petioled, 
odd-pinnate,  the  two  to  four  opposite  leaflets  oval,  rounded,  acuminate, 
sharply-serrate,  glabrous  and  shining,  paler  beneath.  The  creamy- 
white  flowers  appear  from  May  to  July  in  five-parted  cymes ;  some  in 
each  are  sessile,  having  a  sweetish  but  faint  smell. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain,  greater  part  of  Europe,  Caucasus,  Siberia 
and  Japan ;  found  in  woods  and  waste  places.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II. 
154;  Winkler,  135;  Goullon,  131;  Bent,  and  Trim.  137. 

History. —  It  was  employed  as  a  medicine  by  Hippocrates  (400 
B.  C.).  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1819  by  Hahne- 
mann,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  V.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  477.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  leaves  and  flowers. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> ;  Drug  strength  ^. 

Sambucus  nigra,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  267  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  509 

SANGUINARIA  CANADENSIS.  Blood  Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Papaveraceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sanguinaria  acaulis,  S.  grandiflora,  S.  minor, 
S.  vernalis ;  English,  Blood  root,  Indian  paint,  Pauson,  Puccoon,  Red 
puccoon,  Red  root,  Tetterwort,  Turmeric;  French,  Sanguinaire  du 
Canada;  German,  Blutwurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  acaulescent  herb,  with  a  red  cylindrical, 
prostrate  rhizome,  2  to  4  inches  long,  ^  to  ^  inch  thick,  slightly- 
branched,  with  fibrous  roots  beneath,  and  having  an  abundant,  red- 
orange,  acrid  juice.  The  leaves,  arising  from  each  bud  of  the  rhizome, 
are  five  to  nine  palmately-lobed  on  long  red-orange  colored  petioles, 
glabrous,  pale-green  above,  bluish-white  beneath,  with  orange-colored 
veins,  and  not  attaining  full  growth  until  the  flowers  have  fallen.  The 
handsome,  white  flowers,  i  to  i^  inches  in  diameter,  appear  in  April 
and  May  on  a  one-flowered,  naked  scape,  6  inches  high,  the  bud  erect, 
the  petals  usually  eight,  not  crumpled. 

Habitat. —  United  States  and  Canada ;  common  in  open  rich  woods 
and  along  shaded  streams.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  20;  Millspaugh,  22. 

History. —  The  name  derived  from  the  color  of  the  juice.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1837  by  provings  by  Dr.  Bute, 
Correspondenzblatt,  III.  2.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat  Med.  VIII.  481.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  y^. 
Sanguinaria,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications;  3x  and  higher. 


5IO  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

SANTONINUM.  Santonin. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  C15H18O3 ;  245.43. 

Synonyms. —  English  and  French,  Santonine;  German,  Santonina. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  lustrous,  right  rhombic  prisms, 
odorless,  and  of  a  bitter  taste.  Sunlight  gives  it  a  yellow  color.  It  is 
nearly  insoluble  in  cold  water;  soluble  in  250  parts  of  boiling  water, 
43  parts  of  cold  alcohol  and  2.7  parts  of  boiling  90  per  cent  alcohol, 
in  72  parts  of  cold  and  42  parts  of  boiling  ether,  also  soluble  in  strong 
acetic  acid,  volatile  oils,  and  in  warm  olive  oil ;  reaction  neutral.  It 
forms  a  colorless  liquid  at  170°  C,  and  when  slowly  cooled  recrystal- 
lizes,  while  rapidly  cooled  it  forms  an  amorphous  mass ;  in  small 
quantities  it  sublimes  without  decomposition  in  white  needles  when 
carefully  heated  to  a  little  above  its  melting  point ;  with  sulfuric  acid 
it  forms  a  colorless  solution  and  is  precipitated  by  water  without 
alteration ;  when  a  test  solution  of  bichromate  of  potassium  is  added 
to  the  supernatant  liquid  it  should  remain  unchanged ;  by  dissolving 
a  small  quantity  of  santonin  in  chloroform  adulterations  of  gum, 
boracic  acid  and  salicin  may  be  detected,  as  they  will  remain  undis- 
solved.  Santonin  is  the  active  principle  of  santonica,  the  unexpanded 
flower  heads  of  Artemisia  maritima,  var.  Stechmanniana.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VIII.  497.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  4 
grains ;  children  of  2  years  %  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


SARRACENIA  PURPUREA.  Pitcher  Plant. 

Natural  Order. —  Sarraceniaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sarazina  gibbosa,  Sarracenia  gronovii,  S.  hete- 
rophylla,  S.  leucophylla;  English,  Eve's  cup,  Fly  trap,  Huntsman's 
cup,  Pitcher  plant,  Side  saddle  flower,  Side  saddle  plant,  Water  cup ; 
French  and  German,  Sarracenie. 

Description. —  A  perennial  bog  herb,  with  conical,  oblique,  some- 
what ligneous  root,  I  inch  long,  with  numerous,  yellowish-brown, 
fibrous  rootlets.  The  leaves  are  radical,  pitcher-shaped,  composed  of 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  511 

four  parts ;  the  petiole  about  one-third  the  length,  slender,  dilated  at 
the  base  and  somewhat  equitant;  the  tube  ovate,  narrowing  to  the 
petiole  and  longitudinally  marked  with  reddish  veins ;  the  hood  auricu- 
late,  cordate,  wavy,  covered  in  the  throat  with  numerous,  stiff,  sharp, 
curved  bristles,  pointing  downward ;  the  wing  broad,  laterally  undu- 
lated, passing  along  the  median  line  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  tube 
from  the  base  of  the  hood  to  the  petiole.  These  curious  leaves  lie 
in  bogs  looking  up  towards  the  nodding  flower,  and  are  half  filled 
with  water  and  drowned  insects.  The  single,  large,  reddish-purple, 
terminal,  nodding  flower  appears  in  June  upon  a  long,  smooth  and 
naked  scape. 

Habitat. —  In  boggy  places  from  Canada  southward,  from  New 
England  to  Minnesota,  north  to  Illinois,  southward,  east  to  the  Alle- 
ghany.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  19. 

History. —  Name  in  honor  of  Dr.  Sarrazin.  Introduced  into  homoe- 
opathic practice  in  1863,  Bui.  d.  1.  Soc.  M.  H.  de  France,  IV.  581. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  514.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  plant,  including  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Sarracenia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


SARSAPARILLA.  Sarsaparilla. 

Natural  Order. —  Smilacese. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sarza,  Smilax  medica,  S.  officinalis,  S.  peru- 
viana,  S.  sarsaparilla,  S.  syphilitica ;  English,  Wild  liquorice ;  French, 
Salsepareille ;  German,  Sarsaparella. 


512  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description.  —  A  climbing,  deciduous  shrub,  with  long  slender  roots 
covered  with  wrinkled  bark,  inodorous,  with  a  mucilaginous,  very 
slightly  bitter  taste ;  internally,  mealy,  yellowish-white,  compact  and 
easily  split.  The  stem,  4  feet  and  upward  in  height,  is  prickly,  nearly 
square.  The  leaves,  i  foot  long,  4  to  5  inches  broad,  are  alternate, 
petioled,  having  tendrils  above  the  base,  five-nerved,  ovate,  lanceolate, 
cordate,  cuspidate,  glaucous  beneath,  leathery,  smooth.  As  found  in 
market  the  dried  roots  are  long  and  cylindrical,  thinner  toward  the 
extremities,  somewhat  furrowed  longitudinally,  beset  with  a  beard,  or 
thin,  branching  fibers,  and  of  a  bright-brownish  or  reddish-yellow  color 
when  freed  from  adhering  particles  of  earth. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  New  Granada,  northern  half  of  South 
America,  Central  America,  coast  land  of  Mexico,  cultivated  in  the 
Island  of  Jamaica.  It  is  afforded  by  several  plants  of  the  genus 
Smilax.  The  plants  inhabit  swampy  tropical  forests,  which  are 
extremely  deleterious  to  health  and  are  only  explored  amid  great 
difficulties.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  159;  Goullon,  254;  Bent,  and  Trim. 
289,  290. 

History. —  Name  from  the  Spanish  zarza,  a  bramble,  and  parilla, 
a  vine.  Sarsaparilla  was  known  as  early  as  1545,  when  it  became  a 
popular  remedy  in  Europe  and  has  so  continued.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1818  by  Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  IV. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  526.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  root,  as  imported  from  Jamaica,  or  red 
sarsaparilla,  as  imported  from  Central  America. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  $  •'  Drug  strength  ^. 

Sarsaparilla,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

c.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  513 

SASSAFRAS.  Sassafras  Bark. 

Natural  Order —  Lauraceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Laurus  sassafras,  Sassafras  officinale ;  English, 
Sassafras  bark ;  French,  Sassafras ;  German,  Fenchelholzrinde. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  spicy,  aromatic  tree,  15  to  20  feet  high, 
with  yellowish-green  twigs  and  very  mucilaginous  foliage.  The  stem 
is  much  branched ;  branches  slender,  with  smooth  orange-brown  bark, 
buds  covered  with  red  scales.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  simple,  with 
prominent  veins  beneath,  ovate,  entire  or  three-lobed,  glabrous,  finely- 
downy  beneath.  The  small  greenish-yellow  flowers  are  dioecious,  or 
nearly  so,  and  appear  in  April  in  naked,  clustered,  peduncled,  drooping, 
corymbose  racemes.  The  dried  bark  appears  in  small,  irregular,  very 
brittle  fragments,  of  a  brownish-red  color,  sweetish  taste  and  fragrant, 
aromatic  odor ;  while  the  root  comes  in  crooked,  branching  pieces  of 
various  sizes  and  of  a  yellowish-white,  pale-brownish  or  reddish  color. 

Habitat. —  United  States  from  Canada  to  Florida;  found  in  rich 
woods.  Fig.,  Winkler,  129;  Jahr  and  Cat.  266;  Goullon,  216;  Bent, 
and  Trim.  220. 

Part  Used. — The  dried  bark  of  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Sassafras,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  814  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 

SCILLA  MARITIMA.  Squill. 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cepa  marina,  Ornithogalum  maritimum,  O. 
scilla,  Pancratium  verum,  Sancratium,  Scilla  hispanica,  S.  maritima, 


514  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

S.  rufa  magna  vulgaris,  S.  vulgaris  radice  rubra,  Squilla  hispanica?  S. 
rubra,  S.  vulgaris,  Urginea  maritima,  U.  scilla;  English,  Sea  onion, 
Squill ;  French,  Ognon  marin ;  German,  Meerzwiebel. 

Description. —  A  bulbous  rooted,  perennial  plant,  with  broad,  lanceo- 
late, channelled,  spreading,  recurved,  pointed,  somewhat  undulated, 
dark-green  leaves,  appearing  long  after  the  flowers.  The  whitish 
green-nerved  flowers  have  six  stamens  inserted  on  the  base  of  the 
sepals  and  form  a  long  raceme,  the  termination  of  a  scape  of  from  3  to 
4  feet  in  height.  The  bulbs,  which  are  the  officinal  part,  are  fibrous 
rooted,  roundish,  ovate,  very  large,  half  above  ground,  either  pale- 
green  or  red,  with  fleshy  scales  attenuated  on  their  edges,  closely  piled 
over  each  other,  covered  by  thin,  dry,  exterior  scales,  appearing  like  a 
membrane,  the  intermediate  scales  having  the  most  energy. 

Habitat. —  On  the  sandy  beach  of  the  Mediterranean,  shores  of 
the  Atlantic  and  the  coast  of  Asia  and  Africa.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II. 
163;  Winkler,  137;  Jahr  and  Cat.  278. 

History. —  One  of  the  most  ancient  remedies,  known  as  Epimenidea, 
on  account  of  its  use  by  Epimenides,  who  flourished  in  the  seventh 
century  B.  C.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1817  by 
Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  III.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  118.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  bulb. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Squilla,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  250  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


SCROPHULARIA  NODOSA.  Figwort. 

Natural  Order. —  Scrophulariaceae. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  515 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Galiopsis,  Ocimastrum,  Scrophularia  foetida, 
S.  lanceolata,  S.  majoris,  S.  marilandica  (Gray),  S.  vulgaris ;  English, 
Carpenter's  square,  Figwort,  Heal  all,  Holme's  weed,  Knotty-rooted 
figwort,  Scrofula  plant,  Square  stalk;  French,  Scrofulaire  vulgaire; 
German,  Braunwurz. 

Description. —  A  smooth,  deciduous  herb,  with  whitish  fibrous  root 
beset  with  fleshy  knobs.  The  stem,  2  to  4  feet  high,  is  simple,  four- 
sided,  with  blunt  angles.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  petioled,  three- 
nerved,  ovate,  oblong  below,  lanceolate  above,  cordate,  cut-serrate. 
The  small,  greenish-purple,  or  lurid,  flowers  appear  from  May  to 
September  in  loose,  drooping  cymes,  forming  a  terminal,  narrow 
panicle. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  variety  Marilandica  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  introduced  from  Europe  and  northern  Asia ;  found  along  the 
borders  of  woods  and  dry  roadsides.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  112. 

History. —  Name  from  the  root,  having  a  resemblance  to  scrofulous 
tumors.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1838  by  a  proving 
by  Dr.  Franz,  Archiv.  XVII.  3,  184.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
VIII.  546,  including  var.  marilandica.] 

Parts  Used.— The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Scrophularia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions  :  2\  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

SCUTELLARIA  LATERIFLORA.  Skull  Cap, 

Natural  Order. —  Labiatae. 

i 

Synonyms. — English,  Blue  pimpernel,  Blue  skull  cap,  Large- 
flowered  skull  cap,  Mad-dog  skull  cap,  Side-flowering  skull  cap,  Hood- 


516  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

wort,  Hooded  willow  herb,  Mad-dog  weed,  Mad  weed,  Skull  cap, 
Woodwort ;  French,  Scutellaire,  La  toque;  German,  Helmkraut, 
Schildkraut. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  bitter  herb,  with  fibrous  root.  The 
stem,  i  to  2  feet  high,  is  upright,  much-branched,  four-sided,  smooth 
(except  on  the  softly  pubescent  angles).  The  leaves,  2  to  3  inches 
long,  are  opposite,  petioled,  lanceolate-ovate,  or  ovate-oblong,  rounded, 
pointed,  coarsely-serrate.  The  small  blue  single  flowers  appear  in 
July  and  August  in  opposite,  axillary,  unilateral  leafy  racemes ;  the 
first  pair  of  leaves  similar  to  those  of  the  stem,  the  rest  gradually 
reduced  to  bracts. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  North  America  from  Canada  to  Florida, 
and  westward  to  British  America,  Oregon  and  New  Mexico ;  common 
in  wet  shady  places  and  wet  borders  of  streams.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  120. 

History. — Name  from  scutella,  a  saucer,  or  shallow  dish,  alluding 
to  the  fruiting  calyx.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1864 
by  Dr.  Hale,  New  Rem.  ist  ed.  389.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
VIII.  549-] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  •£$. 
Scutellaria,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  500  Cc.  =  600 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


SECALE  CORNUTUM.  Rye  Ergot. 

Natural  Order. —  Fungi. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Acinula  clavus,  Clavaria  clavus,  Calvi  siliginis, 
Claviceps   purpurea,   Clavus   secalinum,    Ergota,    Sclerotium   clavus, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


Secale  clavatum,  S.  corniculatum,  S.  luxurians,  S.  maternum,  S. 
temulentum,  S.  turgidum,  Secalis  mater,  Spermoedia  clavus;  English, 
Cockspur,  Cockspur  rye,  Ergot  of  rye,  Horned  rye,  Spurred  rye; 
French,  Ergot;  German,  Mutterkorn. 

Description.  —  A  fungus,  growing  upon  the  seed  of  the  Secale 
cereale  and  other  grain.  The  grains,  or  ergots,  are  from  YT,  to  y^ 
inch  long  and  %  to  ^  inch  in  diameter,  subcylindrical,  or  obtusely- 
triangular,  tapering  toward  the  ends,  generally  somewhat  curved, 
transversely-fissured,  having  three  longitudinal  furrows,  and  a  detach- 
able, yellowish  hood  at  the  apex  ;  externally  it  is  purplish-black, 
internally  whitish,  with  purplish  striae  ;  the  surface  is  of  uniform 
texture  and  breaks  with  a  smooth  fracture.  It  has  a  peculiar,  offen- 
sive odor,  a  rancid  taste  and  deteriorates  when  kept  a  long  time. 

History.  —  The  use  of  Secale  in  obstetric  practice  was  first  men- 
tioned in  the  sixteenth  century.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  prac- 
tice in  1832  by  Hartlaub  and  Trinks,  Annalen  der  Horn.  Klinik,  III. 
228.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  551.] 

Parts  Used.  —  The  whole  (fresh  dried)  fungus.  It  should  be  gath- 
ered at  the  time  of  its  greatest  development,  which  is  just  before  time 
of  harvesting,  and  the  preparation  should  be  made  fresh  each  season. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>  :     Drug  strength  Y1^. 

Secale,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol  ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications  :  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Ttiturations  :  ix  and  higher;  freshly  prepared. 

SELENIUM.  Selenium. 

Chemical  Symbol  —  Se;  78.87. 

Description.  —  A  rare,  non-metallic  element,  analogous  to  sulfur  in 
many  of  its  chemical  relations.  It  is  a  reddish-brown,  somewhat 


518  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

lustrous  and  translucent,  amorphous,  brittle  substance,  which  forms  a 
tasteless  and  odorless  scarlet-red  powder  when  pulverized.  It  is 
insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol ;  slightly  soluble  in  carbon  disulfid, 
from  which  solution  it  crystallizes;  specific  gravity,  from  4.3  104.5. 
It  fuses  and  boils  slightly  above  100°  C,  and  when  heated  in  the  air 
burns  with  a  blue  flame,  giving  off  reddish  vapors,  having  the  odor 
of  carbon  disulfid ;  with  strong  sulf uric  acid  it  forms  a  green  solution, 
and  may  be  precipitated  from  it  unchanged  by  adding  water;  on  the 
addition  of  a  little  hydrochloric  acid  and  sulfuretted  hydrogen  to  its 
solution  with  nitric  acid,  a  yellow  precipitate,  soluble  in  ammonium 
sulfid,  may  be  obtained.  Selenium  is  found  associated  with  sulfur,  or 
occasionally  replacing  it  in  certain  metallic  combinations.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VIII.  576. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


SEMPERVIVUM  TECTORUM.  House  Leek. 

Natural  Order. —  Crassulaceae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Common  house  leek;  French,  Grande  jou- 
barbe;  German,  Hauswurz. 

Description. —  An  evergreen,  perennial  herb,  with  fibrous  root  hav- 
ing several  rosaceous  tufts  of  numerous  leaves.  The  stem,  i  foot 
high,  rising  from  one  of  these  tufts,  is  round,  pubescent,  and  terminates 
in  a  many-flowered  cyme  with  spiked  branches.  The  leaves  are  narrow, 
sessile,  alternate,  oblong,  acute,  keeled,  fringed,  and  exceedingly  succu- 
lent. The  large  rose-colored  flowers  appear  from  June  to  September 
and  are  odorless. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  the  Alps,  growing  spontaneously  through- 
out Europe  and  cultivated  in  the  United  States. 

History. —  Name  signifying,  live  forever.  Reported  by  Linnseus, 
as  used  as  a  preservative  to  the  roofs  of  houses  in  parts  of  Sweden. 
Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1855  by  Dr.  Kallenbach, 
Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  50.  126.  (Rale's  New  Rem.) 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  leaves. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  519 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $ :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Sempervivum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  470  Cc. 

To  ma'ke  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  five  parts  distilled 

water,  four  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

SENEdO  AUREUS.  Ragwort. 

Natural  Order — Compositse. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Senecio  gracilis;  English,  False  valerian, 
Golden  senecio,  Life  root,  Ragwort,  Squaw  weed,  Uncum ;  French, 
Senec/m;  German,  Kreuzpflanze. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  having  a  thin,  slender,  horizontal 
root,  i  to  2  inches  long,  with  numerous  slender  rootlets.  The  stem,  10 
to  30  inches  high,  is  smooth  or  woolly  when  young.  The  leaves  are 
alternate,  varying ;  the  radical,  long-petioled,  round,  cordate,  crenately- 
dentate;  the  lower  cauline  are  lyrate,  the  upper  pinnatifid,  usually 
lanceolate,  sessile,  or  partly  clasping.  The  flowers  appear  in  May  and 
June  in  heads  consisting  of  from  eight  to  twelve  yellow  ray  florets. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  common  everywhere  in  the  north  and 
west;  found  in  swamps.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  91. 

History. —  Name  from  senex,  an  old  man,  alluding  to  the  hoary 
hairs  which  cover  many  species.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  prac- 
tice in  1866  by  proving  by  Dr.  Small,  U.  S.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.  I. 
150.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  582.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  </> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Senecio,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.=  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


52O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


SENEGA.  Seneca  Snakeroot. 

Natural  Order. —  Polygalaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Poly  gala  senega,  P.  virginiana,  Seneca ;  English, 
Rattlesnake  milkwort,  Rattlesnake  root,  Seneca  snakeroct,  Snakeroot ; 
French,  Polygala  de  Virginie ;  German,  Senega wurzel,  Kljpperschlan- 
genwurz. 

Description.—  A  perennial,  deciduous  herb,  with  thick,  hard,  knotty 
root,  y2  inch  thick,  sometimes  slightly  branched,  somewhat  acid  and 
acrid.  The  several  stems  are  simple,  6  to  12  inches  long.  The  leaves 
are  alternate,  sessile,  lanceolate,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  rough.  The 
very  irregular  greenish-white  flowers  appear  in  May  and  June,  and  are 
nearly  sessile,  in  solitary  close  spikes. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  western  New  England  to  Wisconsin, 
Kentucky  and  Virginia;  found  in  open,  rocky  woods  and  plains.  Fig., 
Flora  Horn.  II.  176;  Winkler,  113;  Jahr  and  Cat.  271  ;  Goullon,  41; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  29 ;  Millspaugh,  45. 

History.— Name  from  polus,  much,  and  gala,  milk,  from  its  sup- 
posed effects.  Used  among  the  Seneca  Indians  (whence  its  common 
name)  as  an  antidote  to  snake  bites.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1830  by  proving  by  Seidel,  Archiv.  IX.  2,  175.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VIII.  586.] 

Part  Used — The  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  </>  .•  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Senega,  too  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


b.  Dilutions  :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations  :  ix  and  higher. 


SENNA,  Senna. 

Natural  Order —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cassia  acutifolia,  C.  aethiopica,  C.  lanceolata, 
C.  lenitiva,  C.  obovata,  C.  officinalis,  C.  senna,  Senna  acutifolia,  S. 
alexandrina  ;  English,  Alexandrian  senna,  False  senna,  Nubian  senna ; 
French,  Sene;  German,  Sennesblatter. 

Description. —  The  leaves  of  several  species  of  the  genus  Cassia  as 
mentioned  above.  The  Senna  plants  are  low,  perennial,  bushy  shrubs, 
2  to  4  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  i  inch  long,  alternate,  pinnate,  short  - 
petioled,  lanceolate,  with  a  sessile  gland  above  the  base  of  the  petiole, 
entire,  finely-pubescent  or  nearly  smooth.  The  long  pale-yellow 
flowers  are  in  terminal  racemes.  The  kind  used  in  homoeopathic 
practice  is  known  as  the  Alexandrian  senna.  It  has  a  faint,  sickly 
odor,  with  a  slightly  bitter,  sweetish  and  nauseous  taste. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Arabia  and  tropical  Africa.  Fig.,  Winkler, 
38 ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  272 ;  Goullon,  86 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  90. 

History. —  Senna  is  the  Arabic  name  of  this  drug;  in  use  by 
Arabian  physicians  in  the  ninth  or  tenth  century.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  VIII.  599.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.      Tincture  <£  .•  Drug  strength  -^. 

Senna,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


522  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Tritumtions:  ix  and  higher. 


SEPIA.  .  Sepia. 

Class. —  Mollusca. 
Family. —  Sepiadae. 
Order. —  Dibranchiata. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Sepia  vera,  S.  succus ;  English,  Inky  juice  of 
the  cuttle  fish. 

Description. —  This  brownish-black  substance  is  the  dried  inky 
secretion  of  a  cephalopodous  mollusc,  called  the  cuttle  fish.  The 
liquid  is  contained  in  an  oval  pouch,  nearly  the  size  and  shape  of  a 
grape,  communicating  with  the  rectum  by  a  long  excretory  duct.  As 
it  appears  commercially,  Sepia  consists  of  a  brittle  solid  mass  almost 
tasteless  and  having  a  faint  smell  of  sea  fish.  It  breaks  with  a  con- 
choidal,  shining  fracture.  It  is  insoluble  in  alcohol,  also  insoluble  in 
water,  but  readily  diffuses  in  it  and  slowly  precipitates.  It  is  obtained 
from  the  Mediterranean,  and  should  be  procured  enclosed  in  the  sac 
in  which  it  is  dried.  The  sepia  prepared  for  artists  is  unfit  for 
medicinal  use.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  VIII.  600. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tiiturations:   ix  and  higher. 

The  lower  triturations  require  much  time  and  labor  in  their  pre- 
paration, as  Sepia  is  difficult  to  subdivide. 


SILICEA.-  Silica. 

Chemical  Symbol — SiO2. 

Synonyms.—  English,  Silicic  anhydride,  S.  oxid,  Oxide  of  silicon, 
Quartz,  Rock  crystal  pure  flint,  Silex ;  French,  Silice ;  German,  Si'lice. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  523 

Description. —  As  prepared  by  the  second  method  given  below, 
Silicea  consists  of  a  white  amorphous  powder,  odorless  and  tasteless. 
Soluble  in  water  and  in  dilute  acids,  excepting  only  hydrochloric  acid. 
If  10  grains  be  placed  in  a  filter,  and  repeatedly  washed  with  100 
grain  volume  of  distilled  water,  the  filtrate  will  exhibit  only  a  faint 
cloudiness  on  the  addition  of  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IX.  i. 

Preparations. —  Hahnemann  directs  that  this  be  prepared  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

"Take  half  an  ounce  of  mountain  crystal  and  expose  it  several 
times  to  a  red  heat,  or  take  pure  white  sand  and  wash  it  with  distilled 
vinegar;  when  washed,  mix  it  with  two  ounces  of  powered  natrum; 
melt  the  whole  in  an  iron  crucible  until  effervescence  has  ceased,  and 
the  liquefied  mass  looks  clear  and  smooth,  which  is  then  to  be  poured 
upon  a  marble  plate.  The  limpid  glass,  which  is  thus  obtained,  is  to 
be  pulverized  while  warm  and  to  be  filled  in  a  phial,  adding  four  times 
its  own  weight  of  distilled  water  (the  phial  being  exactly  filled  to  a 
level  and  a  stopper  being  put  in  immediately).  This  mixture  forms 
a  solution  which  remains  always  clear;  but  upon  pouring  it  into  an 
open  phial,  which  is  loosely  covered  with  paper,  it  becomes  decom- 
posed, and  the  snow-white  silica  separates  from  the  natrum  and  falls 
to  the  bottom  of  the  phial." 

Silicea  may  also  be  prepared  by  the  following  and  better  process 
as  described  in  the  British  Homoeopathic  Pharmacopeia:— 

Take  of  Silica,  in  powder,  I  part. 

Dried  carbonate  of  sodium,  4  parts. 

Fuse  the  sodic  carbonate  in  a  roomy  clay  crucible,  then  gradually 
add  the  powdered  silica.  When  evolution  of  carbonic  gas  ceases, 
pour  the  fused  mass  upon  a  clean  marble  slab.  While  still  warm, 
pulverize  it  in  a  mortar ;  place  in  a  wide-mouthed  bottle,  with  enough 
distilled  water  to  dissolve  it ;  stopper  and  cap  with  wet  bladder.  The 
next  day  dilute  the  solution,  and  rapidly  filter  through  cotton  wool. 
Add  to  the  filtered  liquor  from  time  to  time,  small  quantities  of 
hydrochloric  acid.  The  hydrated  silica  will  be  thrown  down  as  a 
bulky  gelatinous  white  precipitate.  Collect  this  and  wash  with 


524  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

distilled  water  upon  a  square  frame  filter,  until  the  filtrate  is  tasteless 
and  shows  only  a  faint  cloudiness,  with  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver ; 
then  dry  upon  a  porcelain  water-bath. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

SILPHIUM  LAQNIATUM.  Compass  Plant. 

Natural  Order —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Compass  plant,  Jagged  leaved  silphium, 
Pilot  weed,  Polar  weed,  Rosin  weed,  Turpentine  weed. 

Description. —  A  coarse,  tough,  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a 
very  large,  thick  root  and  copious,  resinous  juice.  The  stem  is  3  to  12 
feet  high,  stout,  terete,  leafy  to  the  top  and  hirsute.  The  leaves  are 
alternate  near  the  base,  pinnatifid,  with  petioles  dilated  and  clasping ; 
their  divisions  are  lanceolate  or  linear,  cut-lobed  or  pinnatifid,  rarely 
entire ;  radical  and  lower  leaves  vertical,  12  to  30  inches  long,  ovate  in 
outline.  The  bright-yellow  flowers  appear  from  July  to  September 
in  few  heads,  i  to  2  inches  broad,  somewhat  racemose,  with  scales  of 
the  involucre  ovate,  tapering  into  long,  large  spreading  rigid  points. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  thence  south- 
ward and  westward ;  found  on  the  prairies. 

History. —  Silphion,  the  ancient  name  of  a  plant  producing  a  gum- 
resin  ;  the  leaves  said  to  present  their  edges  north  and  south,  hence 
called  Compass  plant.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1864 
by  Dr.  Hale,  New  Rem. 

Parts  Used — The  fresh  herb. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Silphium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  874  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  525 

SINAPIS  ALBA,  White  Mustard. 

Natural  Order. —  Cruciferae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Brassica  alba,  Leucosinapis  alba;  English, 
White  mustard,  Yellow  mustard  seed;  French,  Moutarde  blanche; 
German,  Weisser  Senf. 

Description. — An  annual  herb,  with  stem  2  to  3  feet  high,  bright- 
green,  erect,  with  few  ascending  branches  nearly  smooth,  or  with 
bristling  reflexed  hairs.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  petioled,  pmnatifid, 
the  lowest  hairy,  with  a  large  terminal  lobe,  and  the  divisions  cut  down 
to  the  midrib.  The  pale-yellow  flowers,  yz  inch  in  diameter,  appear  in 
June  and  July  in  terminal  corymbs,  extending  as  the  fruit  forms  into 
an  elongated  raceme.  The  pods  are  bristly,  ascending  on  spreading 
pedicels,  more  than  half  their  lengths  occupied  by  the  sword-shaped, 
one-seeded  beak.  The  seeds  are  pale,  acrid  and  pungent. 

Habitat. —  Introduced  from  Europe,  cultivated  in  the  United 
States ;  found  in  most  quarters  of  the  globe,  especially  in  the  Medi- 
terranean regions.  The  seeds  dropped  and  buried  retain  their  vegeta- 
tive qualities  an  unknown  length  of  time,  so  that  where  mustard  has 
once  been  grown  it  will  come  up  occasionally  for  a  century  or  more 
afterwards.  Fig.,  Goullon,  18;  Bent,  and  Trim.  23;  Millspaugh,  23. 

History. —  Sinapi,  said  to  be  derived  from  the  Celtic,  nap,  a  turnip, 
mustard,  from  mustum  ardens,  hot-must ;  the  sweet-must  of  new  wine 
being  one  of  the  ingredients  of  French  mustard.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1864  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Bojanus,  Horn, 
v.  j.  Sch.  XV.  56.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  40.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  ripe  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  -^ 

Sinapis  alba,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  IOOO  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


526  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

SINAPIS  NIGRA.  Black  Mustard. 

Natural  Order. —  Cruciferae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Brassica  nigra,  B.  sinapioides,  Melanosinapis 
communis;  English,  Black  mustard,  Brown  mustard,  Red  mustard; 
French,  Moutarde  noire ;  German,  Schwarzer  Senf. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  a  fusiform,  thin,  branching 
root.  The  stem  is  erect,  2  to  4  feet  high,  rough,  hirsute,  much 
branched.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  petioled  and  variously  shaped ; 
the  radical  being  large,  lyrate,  rough,  lobed,  dentate,  the  cauline 
narrow  and  smooth.  The  small  yellow  flowers  appear  from  May  to 
September  in  a  dense  head  at  first,  extending  as  the  fruits  form  into 
an  elongated  raceme.  The  pods  are  small,  bluntly  quadrangular, 
nearly  smooth,  bivalvular.  In  each  valve  are  four  to  six  spherical  or 
slightly  oval  seeds  about  -fa  inch  in  diameter  and  weighing  -fa  of  a 
grain,  of  dark  red-brown  color,  with  whitish-gray  coating,  pitted,  hard, 
inodorous  when  dry,  and  having  a  pungent,  penetrating,  irritating 
acrid  taste  when  moist. 

Habitat. —  Fields  and  banks  all  over  Europe,  excepting  the  most 
northern  latitudes ;  naturalized  in  the  United  States ;  a  common  weed 
found  in  waste  places  and  cultivated  gardens.  Fig.,  Goullon,  19; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  22 ;  Millspaugh,  24. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1853  by  Catell, 
B.  J.  Horn.  XL  524.  Proving  by  Dr.  Butler  in  1872,  N.  A.  J.  Horn. 
XX.  540.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  46.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  ripe  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Sinapis  nigra,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  I  x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


SOLANINUM.  Solanin. 

Chemical  Symbol.—  C42H75NO15(Hilger). 

Description.  —  Consists  of  an  opaque  white  powder,  or  of  fragile 
acicular  crystals,  odorless,  and  having  a  bitter  taste.  It  is  difficultly 
soluble  in  water,  soluble  in  strong  alcohol  or  in  ether.  It  neutralizes 
acids  and  forms  salts  with  them,  which  are  mostly  gummy  in  con- 
sistency. Its  solution  changes  to  a  deep-brown  or  brownish-yellow 
color  when  iodin  is  added,  or  to  reddish-yellow,  then  purplish-violet 
with  sulfuric  acid,  finally  becoming  brown  and  depositing  a  brown 
powder.  Solanin  is  an  alkaloidal  glucoside,  found  in  solanum  nigrum 
and  solanum  dulcamara,  but  most  conveniently  obtained  from  the 
sprouts  of  the  common  potato.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
IX.  55.  Maximum  dose  I  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations  :  ix  and  higher. 


SOLANUM  ARREBENTA. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Arrebenta  cavallos,  Solanum  rebenta. 

Description. —  A  fibrous  rooted  herb,  with  stem  10  to  16  inches 
high,  branching  in  regular  bifurcations,  when  young  having  strong 
thorns  growing  from  above  downward.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  five 
obtusely-lobed,  cordate,  slightly  pubescent,  with  nerves  furnished  with 
a  few  irregularly  distributed  thorns.  The  flowers  are  in  groups  of  two 
or  three  on  axillary  peduncles. 

Habitat. —  Brazil,  around  Rio  Janeiro;  found  along  roads  and  in 
cultivated  places.  Fig.,  Mure  Mat.  Med.  216. 

History. —  Introduced  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1849  by  Dr. 
Mure,  Pathogen  Bresil,  Paris  ed.  359.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
IX.  56.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  leaves. 


528  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Solan um  arrebenta,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


SOLANUM  CAROLINENSE.  Horse  Nettle. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Solanum  virginianum  (?);  English,  Horse 
nettle. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  a  stem  I  to  2  feet  high,  erect 
and  prickly.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  sinu- 
ate or  angular,  roughish,  pubescent,  prickly  along  the  midrib,  rank 
scented.  The  large  pale-blue  or  white  flowers,  i  inch  in  diameter, 
appear  from  June  to  September  in  simple,  loose,  axillary  racemes. 

Habitat. —  Connecticut  to  Illinois  and  southward;  a  wild  weed 
common  in  sandy  soil  along  roadsides. 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Solanum  carolinense,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Distilled  water,  635  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol, 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  52Q 

SOLANUM  MAMMOSUM.  Nipple  Nightshade. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Nipple  nightshade,  Apple  of  Sodom ;  French, 
Solanum  mammiforme ;  German,  Zitzenformiger  Nachtschatten. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  stem  4  feet  high,  erect,  branch- 
ing, villous,  with  scattered  prickles.  The  leaves  are  large,  alternate, 
irregularly  angular,  subcordate,  lobed,  prickly  on  both  sides  and  very 
villous,  yellow-nerved  on  the  lower  surface,  the  midrib  furnished 
with  dark-yellow  prickles.  The  flowers  appear  in  July  and  August, 
are  pale-blue,  violet  or  grayish  in  a  scattered  panicle.  The  berries  are 
yellow,  each  formed  like  a  teat,  whence  the  specific  name. 

Habitat. — West  Indies ;  growing  in  hedges  and  cultivated  places. 
Fig.,  Winkler,  126. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1833  by  a 
proving  by  Dr.  Hering,  Archiv.  XIII.  2,  184.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  IX.  56.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  ripe  berries. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Solanum  mammosum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  ==  667 

Strong  alcohol,  470  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

SOLANUM  NIGRUM.  Black  Nightshade. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Solanum  crenato-dentatum,  S.  inops,  S.  ptero- 
caulon,  S.  ptycanthum,  Solatrum  nigrum ;  English,  Black  nightshade, 
Common  nightshade,  Garden  nightshade;  French,  Morelle  noire; 
German,  Schwarzer  Nachtschatten. 


53O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Description. —  A  poisonous,  annual  herb,  with  thready,  branching, 
ligneous  root.  The  stem,  3  feet  high,  is  erect,  angular,  much-branched, 
spreading,  and  rough  on  the  angles.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  petio- 
late,  ovate,  acute,  varying  from  sinuate-dentate  to  entire,  smooth,  the 
younger  parts  pubescent ;  they  are  much  perforated  by  insects.  The 
very  small  white  flowers  have  a  musky  odor,  and  appear  from  June  to 
September  in  lateral,  drooping,  extra-axillary  umbels.  The  berries 
are  about  the  size  of  a  pea,  blue-black,  globular,  clustered. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  naturalized  from  Europe;  common  in 
damp  and  shaded  places,  and  especially  in  cultivated  and  waste 
grounds.  Fig.,  Winkler,  130;  Jahr  and  Cat.  277;  Millspaugh,  125. 

History. —  Formerly  had  a  place  in  the  old-school  pharmacy.  Men- 
tioned in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1840,  Hygea  XIV.  403.  A  proving 
was  published  in  1853  by  Dr.  Lembke,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  45,  74. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  57.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant  and  berries. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Solanum  nigrum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;    3x  and   higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  3x  and  higher. 

SOLIDAGO  VIRGA-AUREA.  Golden  Rod 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Solidago  alpina(P),  S.  glomerata(?);  English, 
Golden  rod  ;  French,  Verge  d'or ;  German,  Goldruthe. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  an  oblique,  thin 
rhizome.  The  stem  is  erect,  2  feet  high  and  upwards.  The  radical 
leaves  are  elliptical,  tapering  into  a  petiole,  slightly  serrate ;  the  cauline, 
lanceolate.  The  yellow  flowers  appear  from  July  to  September,  are 
erect,  crowded  in  axillary  pediceled  racemes. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  53! 

Habitat.  —  Northern  United  States,  Europe  and  Asia ;  an  extremely 
variable  species. 

History. —  Name  from  solidari,  to  unite,  on  account  of  the  vulnerary 
qualities  of  the  plants. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Solidago  virga-aurea,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


SPIGELIA.  Pink  Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Loganiaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Spigelia  anthelmia  (Linn6),  Anthelminthia 
quadriphylla ;  English,  Annual  worm  grass,  Pink  root,  Worm  grass; 
French,  Brinvilliers,  Poudre  aux  vers ;  German,  Wurmtrechende. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  short,  blackish,  hairy  root, 
divided  into  numerous  long,  thin  branches.  The  stem,  i  to  \y2  feet 
high,  is  rounded,  upright  and  fistulous.  The  leaves  are  terminal,  four 
in  number,  disposed  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  sessile,  oval  or  lanceolate, 
entire,  glabrous.  The  white  flowers  appear  in  July  in  thin  elongated 
spikes.  The  fresh  plant  has  a  fetid  odor  and  a  nauseous,  persistent 
taste. 

Habitat. — West  Indies  and  South  America.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II. 
181 ;  Winkler,  127;  Jahr  and  Cat.  278. 

History. —  Named  after  Prof.  Spigelius.  Admitted  to  the  old-school 
pharmacopeia  in  1751.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1819 
by  Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  V.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  75.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  dried  herb. 


532  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Spigelia,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:-  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 

SPIREA  ULMARIA.  English  Meadow  Sweet. 

Natural  Order. —  Rosaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Barba  caprina,  Regina  prati;  English,  Hard- 
hack,  Meadow  sweet,  Queen  of  the  meadow ;  French,  Reine  des  pres, 
Spiree  ulmaire ;  German,  Spierstaude. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  perennial  herb,  with  tuberous,  black- 
ish, horizontal,  fibrous  root,  the  size  of  a  finger.  The  stem,  2  to  4  feet 
high,  is  straight,  somewhat  angular,  leafy,  furrowed,  smooth  and  reddish. 
The  dark-green  leaves,  downy  beneath,  are  odd-pinnatifid,  the  end  lobe 
larger  and  three-cut,  the  others  undivided ;  the  leaflets  oval,  unevenly- 
dentate,  the  spaces  between  the  side  leaflets  occupied  by  smaller 
leaflets.  The  numerous,  fragrant,  white  flowers  appear  from  June  to 
October  at  the  summit  of  the  stem  in  a  large  corymbose  panicle. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain,  Europe  and  southern  Asia;  common  in 
meadows  and  along  ditches ;  cultivated  in  gardens. 

History. —  Name,  signifying  cord,  was  bestowed  by  Pliny  on  plants, 
whose  blossoms  were  used  in  garlands.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  by  Dr.  Bojanus,  Horn.  v.  j.  Sch.  XIV.  2,  113.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  IX.  101.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Spiraea  ulmaria,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  1 50  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  533 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


SPONGIA.  Sponge. 

Class. —  Porif  era. 

Order. —  Ceratospongiae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Spongia  tosta,  S.  officinalis,  S.  usta. 

Description. —  Two  or  more  species  of  spongia,  known  as  Turkey 
sponge,  are  used.  The  horny  skeleton,  from  which  the  desired  sub- 
stance is  prepared,  consists  mostly  of  siliceous  or  calcareous  matter, 
while  the  spongy  portion  is  soft,  elastic  and  compressible,  and  traversed 
by  many  lacunae,  with  circular  openings  on  the  surface.  Bleached 
sponges  are  not  suitable  for  medicinal  purposes,  and  those  selected 
must  be  carefully  freed  from  all  foreign  substances,  then  cut  in  small 
pieces  and  roasted  until  brown  and  friable.  The  best  variety  is 
obtained  from  the  Mediterranean,  near  Syria  and  Greece.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IX.  106. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Spongia,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Tritnrations :  ix  and  higher. 


STANNUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Tin. 

Stannum. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Sn  ;  1 18.8. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Tin;  French,  Etain;  German,  Zinn. 


534  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  silver  white  metal ;  specific  gravity,  7.3.  It  melts 
at  230°  C. ;  at  a  temperature  of  100°  C.  it  is  ductile  and  malleable, 
but  at  200°  C.  is  so  brittle  than  it  can  easily  be  powdered.  It  is 
superficially  oxidized  in  moist  air ;  melted  in  open  vessels  it  is  rapidly 
transformed  into  stannic  oxid;  it  is  dissolved  by  hot  sulfuric  acid, 
forming  a  sulfate,  and  is  also  soluble  in  hydrochloric  acid.  These 
solutions  give  leather  brown  precipitates  with  hydrogen  sulfid,  soluble 
in  ammonium  sulfid.  Stannum  is  extracted  from  its  ores.  It  can  be 
obtained  in  the  form  of  a  fine  crystalline  deposit  known  as  the  tin 
tree,  by  immersing  a  piece  of  sheet  zinc  in  a  solution  of  tin  chlorid. 
This  precipitate  should  be  washed  in  hot  distilled  water.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IX.  129. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:   ix  and  higher. 

STAPHYSAGRIA.  Stavesacre. 

Natural  Order. —  Ranunculaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Delphinium  staphysagria,  Staphydis  agria,  S. 
pedicularis,  Staphysagria  macrocarpa ;  English,  Louse  seeds,  Palmated 
larkspur,  Stavesacre;  French,  Staphisaigre;  German,  Lausesamen, 
Stephanskorner,  Stephanskraut. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  annual  herb,  with  large  tapering  root. 
The  stem,  2  to  4  feet  high,  is  stout,  upright,  cylindrical  and  slightly 
branched.  The  leaves,  4  to  5  inches  in  diameter,  are  alternate,  broad, 
palmately  five-  to  nine-cleft,  petioled,  pubescent  or  nearly  smooth 
above,  hairy  on  the  veins  beneath.  The  light-blue  flowers  appear 
from  April  to  August  in  lax  racemes,  the  entire  plant  softly  pubescent. 
The  fruit  consists  of  three  straight,  oblong,  downy  capsules,  in  each 
of  which  are  about  twelve  seeds  packed  in  two  rows.  The  seeds, 
about  }{  inch  long,  are  irregularly  four-sided,  pyramidal,  sharp-angled, 
little  flattened,  rough,  testa  wrinkled,  pitted,  blackish-brown,  rather 
brittle,  enclosing  a  soft,  whitish,  oily  albumen. 

Habitat. —  Native  of  Italy,  the  Greek  Islands  and  Asia  Minor, 
now  found  throughout  the  Mediterranean  regions  and  Canary  Islands; 
growing  in  waste  and  shady  places.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  184; 
Winkler,  58;  Jahr  and  Cat.  280;  Bent,  and  Trim.  4. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  535 

History. —  Known  to  the  ancients  in  the  time  of  Hippocrates 
(400  B.  C).  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1819  by  Hahne- 
mann,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  V.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  147.] 

Part  Used.— The  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Staphysagria,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


STICTA  PULMONARIA.  Lungwort. 

Natural  Order.—  Lichenes. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Lichen  pulmonarius,  Lobaria  pulmonaria, 
Muscus  pulmonaria,  Pulmonaria  reticulata,  Sticta  pulmonacea,  S.  pul- 
monalia ;  English,  Lungmoss,  Lungwort,  Oaklungs,  Tree  lungwort ; 
French,  Pulmonaire  de  Chene ;  German,  Lungenkraut. 

Description. — A  lichen,  with  wide  spreading,  olive-green  thallus, 
pale-brown  when  dry,  pitted  and  reticulated,  smooth,  or  having  whitish, 
powdery  warts  in  the  reticulations,  frequently  elongated,  bearing 
scattered  or  tufted  granules,  lancinated,  broadly-lobed  and  sinuate, 
having  brownish  downy  fibers  beneath,  the  swellings  bare,  the  shields 
mostly  marginal,  red-brown,  with  thick  border. 

Habitat. —  Found  on  trunks  of  trees  in  New  England,  New  York 
and  Pennsylvania  in  the  mountainous  districts. 

History. —  Name  from  stiktos,  dotted,  and  pulmon,  the  lung,  sup- 
posed to  possess  the  same  nutritive  qualities  as  Iceland  moss;  used  in 
Siberia  as  a  substitute  for  hops  in  brewing.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  in  1863  by  Dr.  Burdick,  under  the  name  of  Sticta 
sylvatica,  N.  A.  J.  Horn.  XIV.  202.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX. 
167.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  lichen. 


536  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Sticta,  ioo  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b\  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 
water,  five  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

STUJLINGIA  SYLVATICA.  Queen's  Delight. 

Natural  Order. —  Euphorbiaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Sapium  sylvaticum;  English,  Cock-up-hat, 
Queen's  delight,  Queen's  root,  Silver  leaf,  Stillingia,  Yaw  root ; 
FrencJi  and  German,  Stillingie. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  large  woody  root,  I  foot  long, 
2  inches  in  diameter  above,  tapering  downward,  a  little  branched, 
somewhat  fibrous,  crowned  with  the  scars  of  numerous  stems.  It  is 
fleshy  when  fresh,  wrinkled  longitudinally  when  dry,  externally  light- 
brown,  internally  of  a  pinkish  tint,  tough,  breaking  with  a  fibrous 
fracture,  with  a  strong,  disagreeable  odor,  disappearing  on  drying, 
and  a  bitter,  acrid  taste,  leaving  a  burning  impression  on  the  tongue. 
The  numerous  stems  are  i  to  3  feet  high,  erect,  smooth,  umbellately 
branched.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  nearly  sessile,  having  two  glands 
at  the  base,  varying  in  form  from  ovate  and  obovate  to  oblong-lanceo- 
late, narrowed  at  the  base,  acute  or  blunt,  finely-serrate,  with  a  gland 
in  each  serrature,  thick  and  fleshy.  The  yellow  monoecious  flowers 
appear  from  April  to  September  in  a  terminal  spike,  the  fertile 
flowers  few,  at  the  base  of  a  dense,  sterile  spike.  The  plant  emits 
an  acrid,  milky  juice  when  bruised. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  New  York  to  Indiana,  Carolina,  East 
Virginia,  southward  to  Florida,  westward  to  Louisiana  and  Texas; 
found  on  dry  sandy  soil,  pine  barrens.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  441 ; 
Millspaugh,  451. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  537 

History. —  Named  for  Dr.  Stillingfleet,  the  English  botanist. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1866  by  provings  published 
by  Dr.  Hale,  New  Rem.  2d  ed.  1003.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
IX.  169.] 

Part  Used.— The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Stillingia,  moist  magma  containing  solids.  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.=  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


STRAMONIUM.  Thorn  Apple. 

Natural  Order. —  Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Datura  lurida,  D.  stramonium,  Solanum 
maniacum,  Stramonium  foetidum,  S.  majus  album,  S.  spinosum,  S. 
vulgatum ;  English,  Apple  of  Peru,  Devil's  apple,  Jamestown  weed, 
Jimpson  weed,  Stink  weed,  Stramonia,  Thorn  apple;  French,  Pomme 
6pineuse;  German,  Stechapfel. 

Description. — A  fetid,  noxious,  annual  herb,  with  spindle-shaped, 
almost  vertical,  ligneous,  fibrous,  whitish  root.  The  stem,  3  feet  high, 
is  erect,  round,  dichotomously-branched,  glabrous  and  green.  The 
leaves,  5  to  6  inches  long,  are  alternate,  at  times  opposite,  more  or 
less  scattered  on  short  round  petioles  in  the  forks  of  the  stems,  ovate, 
triangular,  unequal  at  the  base,  sinuate-dentate,  smooth,  dark-green 
above,  pale  beneath ;  the  older  leaves  are  perforated  by  worms.  The 
white  flowers  appear  from  July  to  October,  are  3  inches  long  on  short 
axillary  peduncles  and  sweet  scented,  especially  at  night ;  at  night  the 
leaves  next  the  flowers  rise  up  and  enclose  them.  A  nearly  globular, 
very  prickly  capsule  encloses  numerous  odorless,  or  nearly  odorless 


538  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

wrinkled  seeds,  which  are  reniform  and  flattened,  and  of  a  dull  brown- 
ish-black color  when  ripe.     Every  part  of  the  plant  is  poisonous. 

Habitat. —  Doubtful  origin ;  found  everywhere,  except  in  the  colder 
temperate  and  arctic  regions  ;  common  in  waste  grounds  near  habita- 
tions in  the  United  States.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  188 ;  Winkler,  63; 
Jahrand  Cat.  281 ;  Goullon,  188;  Bent,  and  Trim.  192;  Millspaugh,  127. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  the  Greek,  signifying  mad  apple. 
Long  used  as  medicine;  described  by  Dr.  Fuchsius  in  1543.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  by  Hahnemann  in  1805,  Frag.  d. 
Vir.  239.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  175.] 

Parts  Used. — The  fresh  plant  in  flower  and  fruit. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <fr :  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Stramonium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.=  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  tliree  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

STRONTIUM  CARBONICUM.        Strontium  Carbonate. 
Strontium  Carbonate. 

Chemical  Symbol — SrCO3 ;  149. 

Synonyms.—  Latin,  Strontii  carbonas,  Strontianae  carbonas,  Stron- 
tiana  carbonica,  Carbonas  stronticus ;  English,  Carbonate  of  strontium ; 
French,  Carbonate  de  strontiane;  German,  Kohlensaurer  Strontian. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white,  light,  fine  powder,  resembling  in 
appearance  carbonate  of  magnesium.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  unless 
it  contains  carbonic  acid,  and  in  alcohol.  It  dissolves  readily  in  equal 
parts  of  nitric  acid  and  distilled  water,  and  in  hydrochloric  acid  form- 
ing colorless  solutions.  These  solutions,  when  a  solution  of  sulfate  of 
lime  is  added,  give  a  white  precipitate  after  standing  a  few  minutes ; 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  539 

when  its  solution  with  nitric  acid  is  evaporated  and  allowed  to  crystal- 
lize, the  crystals  give  a  brilliant  red  color  to  the  blowpipe  flame. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IX.  224. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritumtions :  ix  and  higher. 

STROPHANTHUS  HISPIDUS. 

Natural  Order. —  Apocynaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Strophanthus  kombe  (?);  Vernacular,  In6e, 
Onage,  Onaye. 

Description. — An  ornamental,  evergreen,  climbing  shrub.  The 
stem  is  several  inches  in  diameter,  3  feet  long,  or  climbing  to  the  tops 
of  the  highest  trees,  coiling  on  the  ground  and  hanging  in  festoons 
from  tree  to  tree  with  dichotomous  branches.  The  leaves  are  mucro- 
nate,  acuminate.  The  flowers,  cream-colored  or  yellow  at  the  base, 
purplish-spotted  above,  appear  in  February  and  March  in  terminal 
cymes.  The  seeds,  about  f£  inch  long  and  }£  inch  broad,  are  oblong- 
lanceolate,  slightly  twisted,  rounded  at  the  base,  narrowing  toward  the 
end,  flattened,  blunt-edged,  ridged  on  one  side,  more  or  less  covered 
with  silky  hairs,  varying  in  color  from  grayish-green  to  brown,  with  an 
oily,  white,  bitter,  nearly  odorless  kernel. 

Habitat. —  China,  tropical  Africa  and  Asia;  inhabiting  forests 
between  the  coasts  and  center  of  the  continent. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  strophos,  to  twist,  and  anthos,  a 
flower,  in  allusion  to  the  segments  of  the  corolla,  which  are  twisted 
before  expansion.  The  wood  is  used  for  planks  in  India  and  a  prepara- 
tion of  the  seeds  as  arrow  poison  in  Africa. 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  ripe  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Strophanthus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  870  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


54O  THE   PHARMACOPEIA   OF   THE 

STRYCHNINUM  NITRICUM.  Strychnin  Nitrate. 

Strychninum  Nitrate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C21H22N2O2.HNO3  ;  396.20. 
Synonyms. — Latin,  Strychninae  nitras;  English,  Nitrate  of  strych- 
nine. 

Description. —  Consists  of  bright,  colorless,  silky,  odorless  needles, 
having  an  exceedingly  bitter  taste ;  appreciable  even  in  a  very  dilute 
solution.  Soluble  at  ordinary  temperatures  in  90  parts  of  water  and 
in  70  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  decomposed  by  heat  and  is  entirely  volati- 
lized. Its  aqueous  solution  gives  with  ferrous  sulfate  and  sulfuric 
acid  a  brown  coloration ;  its  reactions  are  those  of  strychnin.  It  is 
prepared  from  strychnin  and  nitric  acid.  An  active  poison.  Maxi- 
mum dose  ^j  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 

STRYCHNINUM  PURUM.  Strychnin. 

Strychninum. 

Chemical  Symbol.— C21H22N2O2 ;  333.31. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Strychnina,  Strychnia;  English,  Strychnin; 
French,  Strychnine;  German,  Strychnin. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white  crystalline  powder,  or  of  small, 
brilliant,  colorless,  transparent,  octahedral,  odorless  crystals,  having  a 
persistent,  bitter  taste,  which  is  still  perceptible  if  the  salt  is  dissolved 
in  700,000  parts  of  liquid.  It  is  permanent  in  air.  Is  soluble  at  15°  C. 
in  6700  parts  of  water  and  in  no  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  decomposed 
by  heat,  emits  vapors  and  leaves  no  residue;  it  dissolves  in  sulfuric 
acid  without  color,  but  on  the  addition  of  a  little  plumbic  peroxid  a 
blue  color  is  obtained,  which  successively  changes  into  violet,  red 
and  yellow;  if  instead  of  plumbic  peroxid  a  fragment  of  potassium 
dichromate  is  added  to  a  dilute  solution  of  strychnin,  a  deep-violet 
color  is  obtained ;  with  sulfuric  acid  and  potassium  ferricyanid  it  gives 
a  violet  color,  changing  to  red  and  yellow;  with  sulfuric  acid,  contain- 
ing nitric  acid,  a  purplish-violet  color  is  obtained  on  the  addition  of 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  54! 

manganese  dioxid.  It  does  not  give  any  eolor-reaction  with  nitric  acid. 
It  is  extracted  from  either  ignatia  or  nux  vomica.  Strychnin  should 
be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
IX.  233.  An  active  poison.  Maximum  dose  -fa  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  2x  and  higher. 


STRYCHNINUM  SULPHURICUM.      Strychnin  Sulfate. 
Strychninum  Sulfate* 

Chemical  Symbol.— (C21H22N2O2)2H2SO45H2O;  854.24. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Strychninae  sulphas;  English,  Sulphate  of 
strychnine;  French,  Sulfate  de  strychnin;  German,  Schwefelsaures 
Strychnin. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  transparent,  odorless  crystals, 
having  an  intensely  bitter  taste;  perceptible  even  in  a  highly  dilute 
solution  ( i  in  700,000);  efflorescent  in  dry  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in 
50  parts  of  water  and  in  109  parts  of  alcohol.  It  fuses  at  200°  C.,  and 
at  a  higher  temperature  is  volatilized  without  residue.  Its  aqueous 
solution  gives  with  barium  chlorid  a  white  precipitate,  insoluble  in 
acids;  it  gives  the  reactions  of  strychnin.  It  is  prepared  from 
strychnin  and  sulfuric  acid.  Strychnin  sulfate  should  be  kept  in 
well-stoppered  bottles.  An  active  poison.  Maximum  dose  -fa  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  2x  and  higher. 

SULPHUR.  Sulfur. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  8531 .98. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Sulphur  sublimatum,  Flores  sulphuris ;  English, 
Sublimed  sulphur,  Flowers  of  sulphur,  Brimstone;  French,  Soufre, 
Fleurs  de  soufre  ;  German,  Schwefel,  Schwefelblumen. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  fine,  yellow,  somewhat  greenish  and 
gritty  powder,  having  a  slight  sulfurous  odor  and  a  faintly  acid  taste. 
It  is  insoluble  in  water,  and  but  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol,  varying 


542  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

much  in  degree,  dependent  upon  temperature  and  the  physical  form 
of  the  sulfur  itself,  from  about  I  to  3000  in  absolute  alcohol  to  about 
i  to  5000  in  95  per  cent  alcohol  at  60°  F.  ;  soluble  in  bisulfid  of  carbon, 
with  a  residue  of  crystalline  sulfur,  which  dissolves  in  a  boiling  solution 
of  an  alkaline  hydrate.  It  melts  at  115°  C.,  and  is  volatilized  with  only 
a  trace  of  fixed  residue  at  a  higher  temperature,  or  in  the  presence  of 
air  burns  to  sulfur  dioxid.  Water,  in  which  sulfur  has  been  agitated, 
shows  an  acid  reaction  owing  to  the  presence  of  sulfuric  acid,  unless 
freed  from  acidity  with  diluted  water  of  ammonia.  Pure  sublimed 
sulfur  should  not  redden  blue  litmus  paper.  If  digested  with  2  parts 
of  a  solution  of  ammonia  i  to  10,  and  filtered,  the  filtrate,  when 
supersaturated  with  hydrochloric  acid,  should  remain  unaltered,  and 
no  precipitate  should  be  produced  by  passing  hydro-sulfuric  acid 
through  the  filtrate.  Sulfur  exists  in  three  forms,  the  crystalline,  the 
amorphous,  and  as  a  soft  or  oily  substance.  It  is  most  abundantly 
obtained  from  native  sulfur  found  in  Italy  and  Sicily,  but  is  widely 
distributed  in  nature  in  combination  with  many  metals  forming 
sulfids.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IX.  276. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <f> :  ^^-3,  in  strong  alcohol. 

c.  Dilutions:  4x  to  contain  five  parts  tincture  andyfo*?  parts  strong 

alcohol. 

d.  Medications:  4x  and  higher. 


SULPHUR  IODATUM.  Sulfur  Di-Iodid 

Sulfur  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol.— S2I2  ;  317.02. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Sulphuris  iodidum,  loduretum  sulfuris ;  English, 
Iodide  of  sulphur;  French,  lodure  de  soufre;  German,  Jodschwefel. 

Description. —  A  grayish  mass  of  crystalline  appearance,  with  a 
metallic  luster,  having  the  odor  of  iodin  and  a  metallic,  acrid  taste. 
Exposed  to  air  it  loses  iodin.  It  is  almost  insoluble  in  water,  but 
freely  soluble  in  carbon  disulfid.  It  is  decomposed  by  heat  into 
iodin  and  sulfur,  and  is  partially  decomposed  by  boiling  in  water. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  543 

Alcohol  and  ether  dissolve  its  iodin,  leaving  the  sulfur.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  it  is  a  distinct  chemical  combination,  or  only  a  mixture.  It 
is  prepared  from  iodin  and  sulfur.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, IX.  415. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :  ix  and  higher. 


SUMBUL.  Musk  Root. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferse. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Euryangium  stimbul,  Ferula  sumbul,  Jata- 
mansi,  Nardostachys  jatamansi,  Sumbulus  moschatus  ;  English,  Musk 
root,  Spikenard  of  the  ancients ;  French,  Racine  de  sumbul ;  German, 
Sumbul  wurzel. 

Description. —  A  tall,  perennial  plant,  of  limited  duration,  dying 
after  flowering,  with  large  cylindrical  root,  4  to  5  inches  in  diameter, 
divided  below  into  several  long,  descending  branches.  The  stem,  8 
feet  high,  is  nearly  straight,  glabrous,  purple,  with  slender  branches 
in  the  upper  half.  The  radical  leaves,  30  inches  long,  with  short, 
channelled,  sheathing  petioles,  are  triangular,  ternate,  leaflets  ovate, 
smooth,  flat,  bright-green ;  cauline  leaves  smaller  and  finally  reduced 
to  sheathing  bracts.  The  flowers  are  polygamous  in  pedunculate, 
terminal  umbels.  The  root  is  externally  blackish,  internally  white, 
very  fibrous,  having  the  odor  of  musk.  It  is  met  with  in  the  form 
of  transverse  sections,  from  I  to  1%  inches  long,  2  to  5  inches  in 
diameter,  with  dusky  light-brown  epidermis  and  an  interior  porous 
structure  consisting  of  coarse,  easily  separable  fibers.  The  freshly  cut 
surface  of  a  transverse  section  presents,  within  the  epidermis,  a  white 
layer  surrounding  a  yellow  substance,  which  forms  the  greater  part  of 
the  root.  The  odor  resembles  musk,  the  taste  is  at  first  sweetish, 
afterwards  bitter  and  balsamic. 

Habitat. —  Central  Asia,  Russia  and  India;  growing  at  an  altitude 
of  3,000  or  4,000  feet.  Fig.,  Bent,  and  Trim.  131. 

History. —  The  name  is  Arabic,  and  signifies  an  ear  or  spike.  The 
drug  was  first  introduced  into  Russia  in  1835  as  a  substitute  for  musk. 


544  THE   PHARMACOPEIA   OF  THE 

Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1848  by  a  proving  by  Dr. 
Lembke,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  XXXIV.  273.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
IX.  443-] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Sumbul,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

SYMPHORICARPUS  RACEMOSA.  Snow  Berry. 

Natural  Order. —  Caprif oliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Symphoria  racemosa;  English,  Snow  berry, 
St.  Peter's  wort. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  ornamental  shrub,  from  2  to  4  feet  high, 
low  branching,  with  leaves  opposite,  ovate,  entire.  The  small  roseate 
flowers  appear  from  July  to  September  in  loose,  interrupted,  often 
leafy,  terminal  racemes.  The  fruit  is  a  globous  two-seeded  berry, 
snow-white  in  color,  and  about  the  size  of  a  currant. 

Habitat — Mexico  and  the  United  States,  western  Vermont  and 
Wisconsin  to  Pennsylvania ;  found  on  rocky  banks. 

History. —  Name  from  symphoreo,  to  accumulate,  and  karpos,  fruit, 
in  allusion  to  the  clusters  of  berries. 

Parts  Used.— The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  T^. 
Symphoricarpus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  545 

SYMPHYTUM  OFFICINALE.  Comfrey. 

Natural  Order. —  Borraginaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Consolida  majoris;  English,  Comfrey,  Gum 
plant,  Healing  herb,  Chocolate  root ;  French,  Consoude ;  German, 
Gebrauchlicher  Beinwell,  Wundenheil. 

Description. —  A  large,  coarse,  showy,  perennial  shrub,  with  tuber- 
ous, oblong,  fleshy  root,  yielding  much  mucilaginous  juice.  The  stem, 
3  to  4  feet  high,  is  hairy,  branched,  winged  above  by  the  decurrent 
leaves.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  entire,  wavy,  rough-edged ;  the 
radical  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  decurrent,  tapering  into  a  petiole, 
the  cauline  narrower.  The  yellowish-white,  rarely  purplish,  flowers 
appear  from  May  to  July,  singly  or  in  pairs,  on  nodding,  racemose, 
hairy  peduncles. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain,  introduced  into  the  United  States,  spar- 
ingly in  the  north  Atlantic  states ;  found  in  moist  places,  escaped  from 
gardens.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  282. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  Symphyo,  signifying  a  union,  and 
phyton,  a  plant,  the  plant  having  for  a  long  time  been  considered  a 
vulnerary.  It  has  been  used  in  place  of  coffee  in  time  of  war. 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Symphytum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

SYZIGIUM  JAMBOLANUM.  Jambol  Seeds. 

Natural  Order. —  Myrtaceae. 

Description. —  A  tree,  having  hard,  durable  timber  and  an  astringent 
bark ;  used  in  dyeing.  The  flowers  are  in  cymes  or  corymbs.  The 


546  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

fruit  is  edible.  The  seeds  are  irregular  ovoid  masses,  about  the  size  of 
coffee  berries,  reddish  to  dark-brown  externally,  and  somewhat  darker 
internally ;  taste  and  odor  slightly  peppery. 

Habitat. —  Common  in  many  parts  of  India. 
Part  Used. — The  seeds. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations:  ix  and  higher. 

TABACUM.  Tobacco. 

Natural  Order — Solanaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Consolida  indica,  Hyoscyamus  peruviana, 
Nicotiana  auriculata,  N.  macrophylla,  N.  tabacum ;  English,  Tobacco ; 
French,  Tabac;  German,  Tabak. 

Description. —  A  tall,  annual,  rank,  acrid-narcotic,  mostly  clammy- 
pubescent,  herbaceous  plant,  with  large  fibrous  tap  root.  The  stem, 
from  3  to  6  feet  high,  is  erect,  round,  hairy,-  branching  near  the  top. 
The  leaves  are  numerous,  alternate,  sessile,  entire,  oblong-lanceolate, 
the  lower  2  to  3  feet  long,  decurrent,  acuminate,  bright-green  above, 
paler  beneath.  The  pink  flowers  appear  in  July  and  August  in  loose 
terminal  panicles,  having  long  linear  bracts  at  the  divisions  of  the 
peduncle. 

Habitat. —  The  island  of  Cuba,  introduced  into  the  United  States 
from  South  America ;  found  spontaneous  in  waste  grounds  along  the 
western  borders  of  the  United  States.  In  nearly  all  warm  countries 
of  both  hemispheres  the  cultivation  of  tobacco  is  now  carried  on. 
Fig.,  Winkler,  99;  Jahr  and  Cat.  283;  Goullon,  190;  Bent,  and  Trim. 
191 ;  Millspaugh,  128. 

History. —  Nicotania,  named  for  John  Nicot,  who  is  said  to  have 
introduced  tobacco  into  Europe.  Tobacco,  said  to  be  a  native  name 
for  the  pipe  used  by  the  Indians  in  smoking.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  in  1831  by  provings  published  in  Hartlaub  andTrinks, 
R.  A.  M.  L.,  III.  94.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  467;  X.  637.] 

Part  Used. — The  recently  dried  leaves;  those  imported  from 
Havana  are  preferred. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  547 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture^:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Tabacum,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


TAMUS  COMMUNIS.  Black  Bryony. 

Natural  Order. —  Dioscoreaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Black  bryony;  French,  Le  tamier;  German, 
Schwarzwurzel. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  annual,  twining  herb,  with  large 
fibrous,  tuberous  root,  with  black  warty  masses  attached  to  it,  black 
externally,  white  internally  and  greasy  looking.  The  stem  is  10  feet 
or  more  long.  The  leaves,  2  to  3  inches  long,  are  alternate,  petiolate, 
undivided,  cordate,  taper-pointed,  bright,  shining.  The  small,  yellow- 
ish-green, dioecious  flowers  appear  from  May  to  August  in  terminal 
racemes. 

Habitat. —  England,  a  native  of  west,  central  and  southern  Europe, 
extending  to  the  Caucasus  ;  found  in  hedges,  open  woods  and  bushy 
places. 

History. —  Name  used  by  Columella  and  others,  for  a  plant  resem- 
bling a  vine  and  bearing  fruit  not  unlike  the  grape.  The  roots  are  so 
acrid  that  the  pulp  has  been  used  as  a  stimulating  plaster;  the  young 
shoots  are  so  mild  as  to  be  good  for  eating  when  dressed  as  asparagus. 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 
Tamus  communis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


TANACETUM  VULGARE.  Tansy. 

Natural  Order. —  Composite. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Athanasia  ;  English,  Common  or  double  tansy, 
Tansy  ;  French,  Tanaisie ;  German,  Rainfarn. 

Description — A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  branching,  hard, 
fibrous  root.  The  stem,  2  to  4  feet  high,  is  smooth,  erect,  obscurely- 
hexagonal,  striated,  often  reddish,  somewhat  pubescent,  branched 
toward  the  summit  and  leafy.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  bi-pinnatifid, 
inciso-serrate,  dark-green  and  smooth.  The  yellow  flowers  appear 
from  July  to  October  in  dense  terminal  corymbs.  The  whole  plant 
has  a  strong  aromatic  smell  and  a  bitter  taste. 

Habitat. —  United  States  and  Europe ;  growing  wild  on  roadsides 
and  in  old  fields.  Fig.,  Winkler,  140;  Jahr  and  Cat.  285;  Goullon, 
154;  Millspaugh,  86. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1833  by  Dr. 
Hering,  Archiv.  XIII.  I,  170.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  503; 
X.  637-] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves  and  twigs  when  in  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^y. 
Tanacetum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  ico  Gm., 

plant  moisture  350  Cc.  =  450 

Strong  alcohol,  687  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  549 

TANGHINIA  VENENIFERA.     Madagascar  Poison  Nut. 

Natural  Order. —  Apocynaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cerbera  lactaria,  C.  laurifolia,  C.  odollam,  C. 
tanghin,  Tanghinia  madagascariensis,  T.  veneniflua;  English,  Mada- 
gascar poison  nut ;  Vernacular,  Tanghin. 

Description. — A  tree,  with  erect  branches  and  thickish,  alternate, 
lanceolate,  tapering,  entire,  sub-coriaceous  leaves,  4  to  10  inches  long, 
crowded  toward  the  points  of  the  branches  and  directed  upward. 
The  flowers  white,  with  rose-colored  tinge  on  the  outside  and  a  red 
circle  around  the  mouth,  are  in  large  terminal  cymes,  each  supported 
by  a  couple  of  bracts.  The  fruit  is  ellipsoid  2  to  3  inches  long,  some- 
what pointed  at  the  ends,  with  smooth  purplish  skin  tinged  with  green, 
containing  a  hard  stony  seed  surrounded  by  a  thick  fibrous  flesh. 
The  kernel  of  the  fruit,  about  the  size  of  an  almond,  is  said  to  be 
sufficient  to  destroy  twenty  persons. 

Habitat. —  Madagascar. 

History, —  Used  as  an  ordeal.  A  small  piece  is  swallowed  by  the 
person  to  be  tried,  if  retained  in  the  stomach  it  is  quickly  fatal  and  is 
considered  to  prove  him  guilty,  if  vomited  the  person's  innocence 
is  established.  Case  of  poisoning  mentioned  in  Brit.  Jour,  of  Horn. 
XVIII.  514.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  508.] 

Part  Used. — The  seed,  as  imported. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Tanghinia,  loo  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Tritnrations ;   ix  and  higher. 

TARAXACUM  OFFICINALE.  Dandelion. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 


55O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Dens  leonis,  Lactuca  pratense,  Leontodontis, 
Leontodon  officinalis,  L.  taraxacum,  L.  vulgare,  Taraxacum  dens 
leonis,  T.  vulgare;  English,  Balloon  plant,  Dandelion,  Monkshood, 
Puff  ball ;  French,  Dent  de  lion ;  German,  Lowenzahn. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  having  a  vertical,  fusi- 
form or  cylindrical  root,  a  foot  or  more  in  length,  J4  to  i  inch  in 
diameter,  simple  or  slightly  branched,  smooth,  externally  yellowish- 
brown  or  black,  internally  white.  The  numerous  spreading  leaves, 
6  to  7  inches  long,  are  radical,  pinnatifid,  with  sharp  unequally  toothed 
lobes  pointing  downwards,  tapering,  sessile,  smooth,  bright  shining- 
green.  The  flowers  appear  from  April  to  September  on  scapes, 
longer  than  the  leaves,  erect,  smooth,  brittle,  naked,  in  heads  ^  inch 
wide,  of  a  uniform  golden-yellow,  and  expand  only  in  the  morning  and 
in  fine  weather.  The  whole  plant  contains  a  milky  juice,  of  a  saltish, 
bitter  taste.  This  is  not  to  be  mistaken  for  the  fall  dandelion. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  temperate  Asia,  Algeria,  the  Azores,  Japan  and 
North  America,  but  not  found  in  the  southern  hemisphere ;  a  trouble- 
some weed  difficult  to  eradicate  from  fields  and  pastures,  everywhere 
in  the  north.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II.  198;  Winkler,  85;  Goullon,  160; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  159;  Millspaugh,  95. 

History. —  Name  from  tarasso,  to  excite,  and  achos,  pain ;  also  leon 
and  odons ;  the  common  name  is  a  corruption  of  the  French,  dent  de 
lion.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1819  by  Hahnemann, 
R.  A.  M.  L.,  V.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  509.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  plant,  gathered  before  the  perfection  of 
the  flower. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Taraxacum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  jive  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  551 

TARENTULA  CUBENSIS.  Cuban  Tarantula. 

Class. —  Arachnida. 

Order. — Araneidea. 

Family. —  Lycosidae. 

Synonym. — English,  Cuban  spider. 

Description. — A  large,  dark-brown  hairy  spider,  found  in  Cuba  and 
Mexico,  and  belonging  to  the  same  family  as  the  Tarentula  hispana. 

Parts  Used. — The  entire  living  spider. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Tarentula  cubensis,  I  part. 

Distilled  water,  2  parts. 

Glycerin,  2  parts. 

Strong  alcohol,  5  parts. 
To  make  one  hundred  parts  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


TARENTULA  HISPANA.  Tarantula. 

Class. —  Arachnida. 

Order. — Araneidea. 

Family. —  Lycosidae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Lycosa  tarantula,  Aranea  tarentula. 

Description. — A  stout,  hairy  spider,  having  six  eyes  and  several 
pairs  of  legs,  the  third  pair  being  the  shortest.  Its  body  is  from  ij^ 
to  2  inches  long,  of  a  grayish-brown  color  above,  and  a  deep  saffron- 
yellow  below,  with  a  transverse  black  band.  The  margin  of  the 
thorax  is  gray,  with  a  radiated  dorsal  line  of  the  same  color,  while 
the  anterior  part  of  the  dorsum  is  marked  with  triangular  spots. 
The  virus  of  the  male  seems  to  be  identical  with  that  of  the  female. 
Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IX.  516. 


552  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Habitat. —  This  spider  is  a  native  of  South  America,  and  is  found 
in  the  south  of  Europe,  especially  in  Spain. 

Parts  Used. —  The  entire  living  spider. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>  /  Drug  strength  ^. 

Tarentula  hispana,  I  part. 

Distilled  water,  2  parts. 

Glycerin,  2  parts. 

Strong  alcohol,  5  parts. 
To  make  one  hundred  parts  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  jive  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


TARTARUS  EMETICUS. 

Tartar  Emetic.  Potassium  Antimonyl  Tartrate* 

Chemical  Symbol.— 2KSbOC4H4O6.H2O;  662.42. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Antimonii  et  potassii  tartras ;  English,  Tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassium,  Potassio-antimonic  oxytartrate,  Tartarated 
antimony;  French,  Tartrate  d'  antimoine  et  de  potasse;  German,  Brech- 
weinstein. 

Description. —  Consists  of  transparent,  colorless  crystals,  turning 
white  and  opaque  on  exposure  to  air,  or  of  a  white,  granular,  odorless 
powder,  having  a  sweet,  metallic  taste.  Soluble  in  17  parts  of  water 
at  15°  C. ;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  At  a  temperature  of  108°  C.  it  loses 
its  water  of  crystallization ;  at  a  red  heat  it  is  decomposed,  emitting 
vapors  having  the  odor  of  burnt  sugar,  and  leaving  a  residue  which 
has  an  alkaline  reaction.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  slightly  acid  and 
gives  a  white  precipitate  with  hydrochloric  acid,  soluble  in  an  excess 
of  precipitant,  an  orange-red  precipitate  with  hydrogen  sulfid,  a  white 
precipitate  with  potassium  carbonate,  and  a  flocculent,  grayish  pre- 
cipitate with  an  infusion  of  galls,  an  excess  of  the  latter  redissolving 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  553 

the  precipitate.  It  is  prepared  from  antimonic  oxid  and  a  solution  of 
acid  potassium  tartrate.  It  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles. 
A  poison.  Maximum  dose,  as  an  emetic,  ^  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


TAXUS  BACCATA.  Yew. 

Natural  Order. — Coniferae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Ground  hemlock,  Yew;  French,  Coniferes, 
If  commun ;  German,  Eibenbaum. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  20  feet  high,  with  a  straight 
trunk  variously  channelled  longitudinally,  and  smooth,  deciduous 
bark.  The  branches  are  horizontal,  spreading  in  opposite  directions. 
The  leaves,  i  inch  long,  are  alternate,  thickly  set,  linear,  flat,  nearly 
sessile,  entire,  slightly  revolute,  smooth,  dark-green  and  shining  above, 
paler,  with  prominent  midribs  beneath,  terminating  in  small  blunt 
points,  having  a  fetid  odor.  The  apetalous  flowers  appear  from 
February  to  April  on  separate  trees  on  the  underside  of  the  twigs; 
the  staminate  receptacles,  globose,  axillary,  solitary,  large,  from  a 
scaly-imbricated  bud,  are  light  brownish-white  with  abundant  pollen ; 
the  pistillate  are  green,  resembling  with  their  scaly  bracts  a  little 
acorn. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain,  Europe,  Japan  and  in  limestone  coun- 
tries ;  found  in  mountainous  woods.  The  variety  canadensis,  a  low 
bush,  is  found  in  the  United  States.  Fig.,  Winkler,  141  ;  Jahr  and 
Cat.  286;  Bent,  and  Trim.  253. 

History. —  Name  from  toxos,  a  bow,  in  making  which  the  wood 
was  used,  yew,  a  corruption  of  the  Celtic,  iw,  green ;  trees  said  to  live 
more  than  a  thousand  years.  The  wood  is  red,  veined,  very  hard, 
smooth,  durable,  and  very  poisonous,  especially  the  young  shoots. 
Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1835  by  a  proving  by  Dr. 
Gastier,  Bib.  Horn.  d.  Gen.  IV.  193.  (Archiv.  XV.  i,  187.)  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  549.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  twigs. 


554  THE   PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Taxus  baccata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Strong  alcohol,  874  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

TELLURIUM.  Tellurium. 

Chemical  Symbol. — Te  ;  125. 

Description. —  A  white,  shining,  crystalline,  brittle,  semi-metallic 
solid,  closely  allied  to  selenium  and  sulfur.  It  is  unchanged  by 
exposure  to  the  air.  Slightly  soluble  in  concentrated  hot  sulfuric 
acid,  but  afterwards  separating,  if  the  solution  is  diluted  ;  soluble  in 
highly  concentrated  caustic  potash  solution.  It  fuses  at  455°  C.  and 
boils  at  139°  C.,  giving  off  golden-yellow  vapors  ;  specific  gravity,  6.65. 
When  heated  in  air  it  burns  with  a  brilliant  blue-green  flame,  emitting 
a  peculiar,  garlicky  odor  and  forming  poisonous  white  clouds  of 
tellurium  anhydrid.  A  clear  solution  may  be  obtained  with  nitric 
acid  which,  when  treated  with  sulfuretted  hydrogen,  throws  down  a 
brown  precipitate,  wholly  and  readily  soluble  in  ammonium  sulfid. 
Tellurium  is  found  native  in  small  quantities,  chiefly  in  Hungary  and 
Transylvania,  and  in  this  country  in  Virginia.  It  is  generally  asso- 
ciated with  gold  and  silver.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
IX.  555- 

PREPARATIONS 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

TEREBINTHINjE  OLEUM.  Oil  of  Turpentine. 

Synonym. —  Latin,  Oleum  terebinthinae. 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  limpid,  colorless,  mobile  liquid,  with  a 
penetrating  characteristic  odor  and  a  pungent,  bitter  taste.  It  is 
highly  volatile  and  inflammable.  It  is  almost  insoluble  in  water; 
soluble  in  three  times  its  volume  of  alcohol  (specific  gravity,  0.8 16), 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  555 

and  in  from  8  to  12  parts  of  alcohol  (specific  gravity,  0.845),  readily 
soluble  in  ether  and  in  boiling  alcohol,  but  is  deposited  from  the  latter 
on  cooling;  reaction,  slightly  acid  ;  specific  gravity,  0.855  to  0.870.  It 
takes  fire  in  contact  with  a  mixture  of  nitric  and  sulfunc  acids. 
Is  violently  acted  upon  by  bromin,  chlorin  or  powdered  iodin.  When 
a  small  quantity  is  evaporated  it  should  leave  only  a  very  slight 
residue;  when  perfectly  pure  this  oil  consists  exclusively  of  carbon 
and  hydrogen.  It  is  obtained  by  distillation  and  rectification  from 
the  oleo  resin,  or  turpentine,  of  several  species  of  Pinus,  especially 
Finns  palustris.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  IX.  571. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Oil  of  turpentine,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  900  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 

TEUCRIUM  MARUM  VERUM.  Cat  Thyme. 

Natural  Order. —  Labiatae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Cortusae  syriaca,  Herba  cyriaci,  Marjorana 
syriaca,  Marum  syriacum,  M.  verum  ;  English,  Cat  thyme,  Syrian 
herb  mastich ;  French,  Germandree  maritime  '}  German,  Katzenkraut. 

Description. — An  evergreen  shrub,  with  stem  il/2  feet  high,  branch- 
ing, glabrous  below,  pubescent  above.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  entire, 
petioled,  ovate,  acute,  downy  beneath,  bright-green.  The  pale-pur- 
plish flowers  appear  from  July  to  September  in  one-sided  axillary 
racemes. 

Habitat. —  Spain,  indigenous  in  southern  Europe,  and  cultivated  in 
gardens.  Fig.,  Winkler,  143  ;  Goullon,  207. 

History. —  Named  for  Teucer,  a  Trojan  prince,  who  first  used  it  as 
medicine,  marum,  Arabic,  signifying  bitter.  The  younger  branches 
and  leaves  when  bruised  emit  a  volatile,  aromatic  smell,  exciting 
sneezing.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1826  by  provings 
of  Stapf,  Archiv.  V.  2,  149.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  VI.  167.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant,  gathered  just  before  flowering. 


556  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^ 
Teucrium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


THASPIUM  AUREUM.  Meadow  Parsnip. 

Natural  Order. —  Umbelliferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Carum  aureum,  Sison  aureus,  S.  trifoliatum, 
Sium  trifoliatum,  Smyrnium  acuminatum,  S.  aureum,  S.  luteum,  Zizia 
aurea ;  English,  Golden  alexander,  Meadow  parsnip,  Musk-quash  root, 
Roundheart ;  German,  Gelben  Pastinake. 

Description. —  A  curious,  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  fusiform 
root  2  to  4  inches  long,  y2  to  %  inch  in  diameter,  externally  brown, 
internally  yellow  ;  when  fresh,  having  a  strong,  unpleasant,  nauseating 
odor.  The  stem,  i  to  3  feet  high,  is  erect,  somewhat  branched.  The 
leaves  are  alternate,  ternate  or  biternate ;  the  radical  long-petioled, 
the  cauline  nearly  sessile ;  the  leaflets,  I  to  2  inches  long,  are  oblong- 
lanceolate,  sharply-cut-serrate,  with  wedge-shaped  entire  base.  The 
deep-yellow  flowers  appear  from  June  to  July  in  compound  axillary  or 
terminal  umbels  on  long  naked  peduncles,  involucre  absent.  The 
whole  plant  is  glabrous. 

Habitat. —  United  States ;  found  on  moist  river  banks.  Fig.,  Trans. 
N.  Y.  State  Horn.  Med.  Soc.  VIII.  249  (1870);  Millspaugh,  66. 

History. —  Name  a  play  upon  Thapsia,  a  genus,  so  called  from  the 
island  of  Thapsus.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1855  by 
a  proving  published  by  Dr.  Marcy,  N.  A.  J.  Horn.  IV.  52.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  234.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  557 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>  /  Drug  strength  ^. 

Thaspium  aureum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


THEA  SINENSIS.  Tea, 

Natural  Order. —  Camelliaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Camellia  thea,  C.  theifera,  Thea  assamica,  T. 
bohea,  T.  caesarea,  T.  imperialis,  T.  stricta,  T.  viridis ;  English,  Tea ; 
French,  Th6  vert  imperial ;  German,  Chinesicher  Thee. 

Description. —  A  cultivated,  evergreen  shrub,  6  feet  high,  or  under 
favorable  conditions  a  tree  attaining  the  height  of  30  feet.  The  stem 
is  branched,  bright-brown,  smooth,  pubescent  when  young.  The 
leaves,  2  to  4  inches  long  and  I  inch  broad,  are  alternate,  short-petioled, 
strongly-veined,  with  the  leaf  convex  in  the  intervals,  ovate-oblong  or 
lanceolate,  entire  toward  the  base,  acuminate,  or  emarginate,  irregu- 
larly and  distantly  dentate-serrate,  glabrous,  shining  on  both  sides, 
blistered  when  old,  slightly-pubescent  beneath,  coriaceous.  The 
solitary,  white,  odorous  flowers  are  axillary  on  short  peduncles. 

Habitat. —  Probably  a  native  of  Assam  ;  cultivated  in  China,  Japan 
and  various  parts  of  eastern  Asia.  Fig.,  Winkler,  144 ;  Jahr  and  Cat. 
288;  Bent,  and  Trim.  134. 

History. —  Named  Camellia  from  Joseph  Camel,  or  Kamel,  a  Dutch 
missionary  and  naturalist,  thea,  the  Latin  rendering  of  the  Chinese 
Teh.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  provings  published 
by  Dr.  Roth,  Mat.  Med.  I.  510.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  583.] 

Part  Used — The  dried  leaves,  as  imported. 


558  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Thea  sinensis,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  400  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


THERIDIOR  Black  Spider  of  Curacoa. 

Class. — Arachnida. 
Order. —  Araneidea. 
Family. —  Agelenidae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Theridion  curassavicum ;  English,  Black  spider 
of  Cura^oa,  Orange  spider;  Vernacular,  Aranja;  French,  Araignee 
noire  du  Cura9oa ;  German,  Feuerspinnchen. 

Description. —  The  body  of  this  variety  is  about  the  size  of  a  cherry 
stone,  with  three  distinguishing  bright  orange-red  points  at  the  back, 
the  largest  of  them  placed  just  above  the  anus.  The  thorax  is  black 
and  the  feet  also,  the  latter  being  covered  with  short,  stiff  hairs  ;  the 
young  are  of  a  beautiful  velvet  black,  marked  with  several  antero- 
posterior  white  lines,  made  up  of  white  dots  ;  the  females  are  marked 
with  similar  stripes,  only  larger,  yellow  and  cruciform,  the  middle  line 
terminating  in  the  spot  above  the  anus;  both  sexes  have  a  square, 
yellow  spot,  notched  on  the  edges,  covering  nearly  the  whole  belly. 
This  spider  is  found  on  orange  trees.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclo- 
pedia, IX.  592. 

Habitat.— The  West  Indies. 

Parts  Used. —  The  entire  living  spider. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  SS9 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Theridion,  i  part. 

Distilled  water,  2  parts. 

Glycerin,  2  parts. 

Strong  alcohol,  5  parts. 

To  make  one  hundred  parts  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


/THLASPI  BURSA  PASTORIS.  ~)         Shepherd's  Purse^ 

Natural  Order. —  Cruciferse. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Capsella  bursa  pastoris  ;  English,  Shepherd's 
purse  ;  French,  Bourse  de  pasteur ;  German,  Hirtentasche. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  6  to  12  inches  high,  with  an  erect 
stem,  nearly  smooth  above,  hairy  beneath,  striate  and  branching.  The 
radical  leaves  are  clustered,  pinnatifid  or  toothed,  while  the  cauline 
are  smaller,  alternate,  arrow-shaped  and  sessile.  The  white  flowers, 
appearing  from  April  to  September  in  terminal  corymbs,  are  very 
small  and  have  four  sepals  and  four  petals.  The  triangular,  obcordate- 
shaped  pods  contain  the  numerous  brown  seeds. 

Habitat. —  Europe  and  America ;  found  in  pastures  and  gardens 
and  along  roadsides. 

Parts  Used.— The  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Thlaspi,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  600  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


560  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


THUJA  OCCIDENTALIS.  Tree  of  Life. 

Natural  Order. —  Coniferae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Arbor  vitae,  Cedrus  lycea;  English,  American 
arbor  vitae,  False  white  cedar,  Tree  of  life,  White  cedar ;  French,  Thuia 
du  Canada,  Arbre  de  vie ;  German,  Lebensbaum. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  20  to  50  feet  high,  with  sprays,  or 
branchlets,  flat  and  spreading,  dark-green  and  rather  glaucous  above, 
pale  beneath,  yielding  a  pungent,  aromatic  oil.  The  wood  is  light  and 
very  durable.  The  leaves  are  persistent,  appressed,  imbricated  in  four 
rows  on  the  two-edged  branchlets  ;  they  are  of  two  kinds  on  alternate 
or  separate  branchlets,  one  form  awl-shaped,  the  other  short,  squamose, 
both  having  a  small  dorsal  gland  filled  with  a  thin  aromatic  turpentine. 
The  flowers  appear  in  May  and  June,  mostly  monoecious  on  different 
branches  in  very  small,  terminal,  ovoid  catkins. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  common  from  Pennsylvania  northward, 
rare  southward ;  found  in  swamps  and  on  cool  rocky  banks. 

History. —  The  name  an  alteration  of  Thya  from  the  Greek,  to 
sacrifice,  its  wood  being  used  in  sacrifices.  Introduced  into  homoeo- 
pathic practice  in  1819  by  a  proving  by  Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  V. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  IX.  576.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves  and  twigs. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -fa. 

Thuja,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  135  Cc.  =  235 

Strong  alcohol,  885  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  561 

TILIA  EUROP^A.  Lime  Tree. 

Natural  Order. —  Tiliaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Common  linden,  Lime  tree;  French,  Fleurs 
de  tilleul ;  German,  Lindenbliithen. 

Description. —  A  tree,  60  to  120  feet  high,  with  smooth,  round, 
spreading,  leafy,  brown  branches,  green  while  tender.  The  leaves,  3 
to  4  inches  broad,  rather  more  in  length,  are  alternate,  stipulate, 
petioled,  simple,  unequal  at  the  base  and  somewhat  heart-shaped  as 
well  as  entire,  acute,  acutely-  and  unequally-serrate,  quite  smooth  and 
bright-green  above,  paler  or  slightly-glaucous  beneath;  the  stipules 
oval,  smooth,  in  pairs  at  the  base  of  each  petiole,  soon  deciduous. 
The  fragrant,  greenish  flowers  appear  in  June  in  axillary  drooping 
cymes  of  six  to  ten  flowers,  which  have  a  leaf-like  bract  attached  to 
the  long  peduncles. 

Habitat. —  Northern  part  of  Europe ;  very  common ;  cultivated  as 
a  shade  tree  in  the  United  States.  Fig.,  Jahr  and  Cat.  291. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1848  by  a 
proving  by  Dr.  Miiller,  Oest.  Zeit.  f.  Horn.  IV.  380.  [Allen's  Encyc. 
Mat.  Med.  X.  i.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  flowers. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Tilia  europaea,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


TONGO.  Tongo  Bean. 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 


562  THE   PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Baryosma  tongo,  Coumarouma  odorata,  Dip- 
terix  odorata;  English,  Tongo  bean,  Tonka  bean,  Torquin  bean, 
Sweet-scented  tonquin  bean ;  French,  Feve  Tonka ;  German,  Tonko- 
bohne. 

Description. —  An  evergreen  tree,  60  feet  high.  The  leaves  are 
large,  alternate,  pinnate,  the  four  short-petioled  leaflets  oval,  entire, 
pointed.  The  purple  flowers,  with  violet  veins,  are  in  terminal 
racemes. 

Habitat. —  Guiana  and  South  America  generally.  Fig.,  Winkler, 
65 ;  Jahr  and  Cat.  292. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  by  a  proving  by 
Nenning,  Annalen  d.  Horn.  Kl.  IV.  125.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
X.  14-] 

Part  Used.— The  bean. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Tongo,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  ix  and  higher. 

d.  Tritnrations :  ix  and  higher. 


TRADESCANTIA  DIURETICA,  Spiderwort 

Natural  Order. —  Commelynaceae. 

Synonyms.  —  Latin,  Commelina,  Tradescantia  commelina,  Trapoe- 
raba ;  English,  Spiderwort. 

Description. —  An  annual  herb,  with  stem  erect,  or  a  little  inclined, 
branching  and  cylindrical.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  sheathing,  some- 
what lanceolate,  constituting  tufts  at  the  ends  of  the  branches.  The 
blue  flowers,  four  to  six  in  number,  appear  on  long  peduncles  from 
the  terminal  tufts. 

Habitat.— Brazil. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  563 

History. —  Named  for  John  Tradescant,  gardener  to  Charles  I. 
Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1849  by  Dr.  Mure,  Pathogen. 
Bresil,  Paris  ed.  288.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  21.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  -j^. 
Tradescantia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

TRIFOLIUM  PRATENSE,  Cloven 

Natural  Order. —  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Trifolium  campestre,  T.  minimum,  T.  plumo- 
sum,  T.  procumbens ;  English,  Common  or  red  clover ;  French,  Trefle ; 
German,  Ackerklee. 

Description. —  A  cultivated,  biennial,  or  short-lived  perennial  plant, 
with  a  large,  diffusely  branched  root.  The  many  stems,  i  to  3  feet 
high,  are  ascending  and  somewhat  hairy.  The  leaves  are  alternate, 
trifoliate,  leaflets  oval,  often  notched  at  the  end,  nearly  entire,  marked 
on  the  upper  side  with  a  pale  spot,  stipules  awned,  broadly-lanceolate, 
clasping  at  the  base,  surmounted  by  an  awl-shaped  tip.  The  purplish- 
red,  sweet-scented  flowers  appear  from  May  to  September  in  dense, 
ovate,  sessile  heads. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain,  introduced  into  the  United  States  from 
Europe;  found  in  fields  and  meadows.  Fig-,  Millspaugh,  47. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1870  by  prov- 
ings  reported  by  Dr.  Duncan,  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Horn.  Med.  Soc.  VIII. 
238.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  22.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  flower-heads. 


564  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Trifolium  pratense,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


TRIFOLIUM  REPENS.  White  Clover. 

Natural  Order.—  Leguminosae. 

Synonyms. —  English,  White  clover ;  French,  Trefle  blanc ;  German, 
Wiesenklee. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  deciduous  trailer.  The  stem  is  smooth, 
slender,  spreading  and  creeping.  The  leaves  are  alternate,  long- 
petioled,  trifoliate,  leaflets  ovate-oblong,  emarginate,  serrulate,  with  a 
caret-shaped  spot  on  the  upper  surface,  pale  and  indistinct,  stipules 
entire,  scale-like.  The  flowers,  changing  from  creamy-white  to  deep- 
rose  and  finally  to  a  rusty-brown  color,  appear  from  May  to  September 
in  small  loose  umbels  on  long  peduncles. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  northward ;  found 
in  pastures,  waste  places  and  in  woodland.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  48. 

History, —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1870  by  prov- 
ings  reported  by  Dr.  Duncan,  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Horn.  Soc.  VIII.  237. 
[Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  22.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  flower-heads. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Trifolium  repens,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  565 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


TRILLIUM.  Wake  Robin. 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Trillium  cernuum,  T.  pendulum;  English, 
Drooping  trillium,  Nodding  trillium,  Wake  robin. 

Description. — An  ornamental,  perennial  herb,  with  a  short  tuberous 
rhizome.  The  stem,  18  inches  high,  is  stout,  simple  and  naked.  The 
leaves  at  the  summit  of  the  stem,  in  a  whorl  of  three,  are  short-petioled, 
almost  sessile,  more  or  less  ribbed,  net-Veined,  broadly-rhomboid  and 
abruptly-pointed.  A  large  white  flower  appears  in  the  spring  on  a 
short  terminal,  recurved  peduncle. 

Habitat. —  North  America,  New  England  to  Virginia,  Kentucky 
and  southward,  common  eastward ;  found  in  moist  woods. 

History. —  Name  from  trilix,  triple,  the  calyx  having  three  sepals, 
the  corolla  three  petals,  the  pistil  three  styles  and  the  stem  three 
leaves.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1853  by  a  proving 
of  Dr.  Minton.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  637.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Trillium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gra., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


566  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

TRIOSTEUM  PERFOLIATUM.  Wild  Ipecac. 

Natural  Order. —  Caprifoliaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Triosteum  floribus  verticillatis  sessilibus,  T. 
folliis  connatis,  f.  s.  v.,  T.  majus ;  English,  Bastard,  false  or  wild  ipecac, 
Cinque,  Dr.  Tinker's  weed,  Dog  grass,  Fever  root  or  wort,  Horse- 
gentian  or  ginseng,  Quickens,  Sweet  bitter,  Tinker  weed,  White 
gentian  or  ginseng,  Wild  coffee,  Witch  grass ;  French,  Trieste ; 
German,  Breitblatteriger,  Dreistein. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  shrub,  with  a  thick,  fleshy 
root,  subdivided  into  several  horizontal  sections,  externally  yellowish 
or  brownish,  internally  whitish,  with  a  sickening  odor  and  a  bitter, 
nauseous  taste.  The  stem,  2  to  4  feet  high,  is  simple,  hollow,  glandu- 
larly-pubescent  and  reddish.  The  leaves  are  large,  opposite,  ovate- 
spatulate,  abruptly-narrowed,  perfoliate,  acuminate,  sinuate,  hairy 
above,  downy  beneath  and  prominently  reticulate-veined.  The  dull- 
or  reddish-purple  flowers,  one  to  six  in  number,  appear  in  May  and 
June,  are  sessile  in  axillary  whorls  in  the  middle  of  the  stem,  each  axil 
having  two  or  three  linear  bracts. 

Habitat. —  Canada  and  the  United  States,  southward  and  westward 
to  Alabama ;  found  in  rich  woodlands,  not  rare.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  74. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  treis,  three,  and  osteon,  bone,  the 
fruit  having  three  nutlets ;  shortened  from  triosteospermum.  It  was 
held  in  high  estimation  by  many  Indian  tribes.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  practice  in  1844  by  Dr.  Williamson's  provings  published 
in  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  1844-5,  249-  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
X.  25.] 

Part  Used — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 
Triosteum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.  =  285 

Distilled  water,  215  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF   HOMOEOPATHY.  567 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


TRITICUM  REPENS.  Couch  Grass. 

Natural  Order. —  Gramineae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Agropyrum  repens;  English,  Couch,  dog  or 
quick  grass,  Quickens,  Quitch ;  French,  Chiendent ;  German,  Quecken- 
wurzel. 

Description. —  A  perennial  herb,  with  whitish,  creeping,  jointed 
rhizome,  having  a  bunch  of  fibrous  rootlets  at  each  joint.  The  culm, 
2  to  4  feet  high,  is  hollow,  closed  at  the  joints.  The  leaves  are  two- 
ranked,  alternate  and  flat,  often  roughish  and  pubescent  above.  The 
four  to  eight  flowered-spikelets  are  glabrous  or  nearly  so;  rachis 
glabrous,  rough  on  the  edges ;  awns,  when  present,  straight. 

Habitat. —  A  native  of  Europe,  naturalized  throughout  the  northern 
hemisphere,  indigenous  northwestward,  and  a  pest  in  cultivated 
grounds  and  fields. 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£/  Drug  strength  ^. 

Triticum  repens,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gin., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and   higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

TUSSILAGO  PETASITES.  Butter  Bur. 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 


568  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Petasites,  Petasitides  vulgaris;  English,  Butter 
bur,  Colt's  foot,  Pestilence,  Pestilent  wort ;  French,  Herbe  aux  teigneux ; 
German,  Pestilenzwurz. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  creeping  rhizome 
12  to  1 8  inches  long,  branching,  about  ^  inch  thick,  joints  about  2 
inches  long,  grayish-white  or  pale-brown  and  stem  about  a  foot  high. 
The  leaves,  4  inches  long  and  broad,  are  radical,  long-petiolate,  roundish, 
heart-shaped,  with  approximating  lobes,  angular-dentate,  dark-green  and 
smooth  above,  white,  tomentose  beneath.  The  flesh-colored  flowers 
appear  in  March  and  April  in  an  ovate-oblong  thyrsus. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain;  found  in  sandy  meadows  and  on  the 
banks  of  streams,  common. 

History. —  Name  derived  from  tussis,  a  cough,  petasos,  a  broad 
covering,  alluding  to  its  leaves,  which  are  large  enough  to  shelter 
poultry  from  the  rain.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1844 
by  Dr.  Rosenberg,  Archiv.  XXI.  2,  81.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
X.  32.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Tussilago  petasites,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  567  Cc.  =  667 

Strong  alcohol,  470  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

URTICA  DIOICA.  Common  Nettle. 

Natural  Order. —  Urticaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Urtica  majoris;  English,  Common  nettle,  Great 
stinging  nettle;  French,  Ortie  brulante;  German,  Grosse  Brennessel. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  branching,  creep- 
ing, fibrous  root  and  fleshy  rootlets.  The  stem  is  2  to  3  feet  high, 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  569 

erect,  covered  with  rigid  stinging  hairs,  the  upper  part  downy  and  of 
a  dull-green  color.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  long-petioled,  ovate, 
cordate,  acuminate,  deeply-serrate,  downy  underneath,  also  armed 
with  stings,  stipules  distinct.  The  apetalous  flowers,  often  dioecious, 
are  in  much-branched  axillary  spikes. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain,  all  over  Europe,  Barbary,  Siberia  and 
Japan,  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  chiefly  eastward ;  found  in 
waste  places  and  on  roadsides. 

History. —  Name  from  uro,  to  burn.  The  stalk  is  capable  of  being 
made  into  rope,  woven  into  cloth  and  made  into  paper.  Mentioned  in 
homoeopathic  literature  in  1856,  Hirschel's  Archiv.  II.  162. 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $ :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Urtica  dioica,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


URTICA  URENS.  Dwarf  Nettle. 

Natural  Order. —  Urticaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Urtica  minora;  English,  Dwarf  nettle,  Small 
stinging  nettle;  French,  Ortie  grieche,  Petite  ortie;  German,  Bren- 
nessel,  Nesselkraut. 

Description. —  A  stinging,  annual  herb,  with  stem  i  to  2  feet  high, 
erect,  four-angled  and  branching,  stings  few,  very  virulent,  and  a 
tough,  fibrous  bark.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  elliptical,  five-ribbed, 
coarsely-  and  deeply-serrate.  The  apetalous,  monoecious  flowers  appear 
from  June  to  September  in  nearly  simple  axillary  clusters,  shorter  than 
the  petioles,  two  small  clusters  in  each  axil. 


57O  THE   PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain,  everywhere  in  cultivated  places,  United 
States,  naturalized  from  Europe,  scarce;  found  eastward  in  waste 
grounds  near  dwellings.  Fig.,  Winkler,  146;  Millspaugh,  153. 

History. —  Name  nettle  from  Anglo  Saxon,  naedl,  needle.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1836,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  VIII.  81. 
[Alle's  Enncyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  47.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 
PREPARATIONS, 

a.  Tincture  <£  :  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Urtica  urens,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  400  Cc.  =  500 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

USNEA  BARBATA.  Bearded  Usnea. 

Natural  Order. —  Lichenes. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Bearded  or  drooping  usnea. 

Description. —  A  genus  of  lichens.  The  thallus,  4  feet  long,  is 
rounded,  smoothish,  generally  pendulous  with  a  central  thread,  thick- 
ish,  pale  greenish-gray;  the  divergent  branches  fibrillose,  capillary  at 
their  extremity,  articulated  below. 

Habitat. —  Found  growing  on  rocks  and  trunks  of  trees. 

History. —  Name  from  the  Arabic,  achneh,  or  achnen,  the  general 
name  for  lichens. 

Parts  Used. — The  entire  lichen. 
PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <£:     Drug  strength  ^. 

Usnea  barbata,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  730  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  571 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol ;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  2x  and  higher. 

USTILAGO  MAIDIS.  Maize  Smut. 

Natural  Order. —  Fungi. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Ergot  of  corn,  Maize  smut,  Corn  smut; 
German,  Maisbrand. 

Description. —  A  fungus,  growing  on  the  stems,  grains  and  tassel 
of  Indian  corn  in  masses,  varying  in  size  from  a  cherry  to  that  of  a 
child's  head,  smooth,  spherical  or  lobed,  of  a  bluish  tinge  becoming 
blackish,  composed  of  innumerable  minute  globular  spores  covered 
with  small  pointed  processes.  It  has  a  peculiar,  heavy,  unpleasant 
smell. 

History. —  Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1845  by  Dr. 
Kiichenmeister,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  XXVIII.  145;  provings  reported  by 
Dr.  Hoyne,  Trans.  Am.  Inst.  Horn.  1872,  201.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat. 
Med.  X.  49.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  trituration  of  fungus  when  it  has  turned  black, 
but  before  affected  by  frost,  and  the  tincture  of  fresh  ripe  fungus. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

b.  Tincture  <t>:  Drug  strength  ^ 

Ustilago  maidis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  100  Cc.  =  200 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 
water,  six  parts  alcohol;  3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

d.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

UVA  URSL  Bearberry. 

Natural  Order. —  Ericaceae. 


c. 


572  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Arbutus  uva  ursi,  Arctostaphylos  officinalis, 
A.  uva  ursi,  Daphnidostaphyllis  fendleriana ;  English,  Bearberry, 
Bear's  grape,  Mountain  box,  Red  berry,  Red-berried  trailing  arbutus, 
Upland  cranberry ;  French,  Arbousier,  Raisin  d'ours,  Busserole ; 
German,  Barentraube,  Barenbeere,  Steinbeere. 

Description. — A  low,  evergreen,  trailing  shrub,  with  thick,  creeping 
roots.  The  stem  is  woody,  rooting,  the  young  shoots  only  turning 
upwards,  the  pale-brown  bark  scaling  off  in  patches.  The  crowded 
leaves  are  alternate,  short-petioled,  obovate  or  spatulate,  acute,  entire, 
smooth,  thick,  with  a  net-work  of  veins  beneath,  inodorous  when  fresh, 
having  the  odor  of  hay  when  dry,  with  a  bitter,  astringent  taste, 
becoming  sweetish.  The  white  flowers  appear  in  May  on  short 
reflexed  peduncles  in  small  terminal  racemes.  The  fruit  is  a  red 
berry-like  drupe  with  five  to  ten  seed-like  nutlets. 

Habitat. —  Most  parts  of  Europe,  northern  Asia,  United  States, 
Pennsylvania  to  New  Mexico,  northern  California  and  as  far  north  as 
the  arctic  circle;  found  on  mountains,  in  rocky  places  and  on  bare 
hills.  Fig.,  Winkler,  15;  Jahr  and  Cat.  295;  Goullon,  163;  Bent,  and 
Trim.  163;  Millspaugh,  100. 

History. —  Name  from  arktos,  a  bear,  and  staphyle,  a  grape.  Used 
in  medicine  in  the  thirteenth  century.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1848  by  Noak  and  Trinks.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
X.  56.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  leaves. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^ 

Uva  ursi,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  150  Cc.  =  250 

Distilled  water,  250  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x   and  higher,   with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  573 

URANIUM  NITRICUM.  Uranium  Nitrate. 

Uranium  Nitrate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— UO2(NO3)2.6H2O;  502.26. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Uranii  nitras;  English,  Nitrate  of  uranium, 
Uranic  nitrate. 

Description. —  Consists  of  greenish-yellow,  dichroic  crystals,  having 
a  metallic  taste;  efflorescent  in  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  0.5  parts  of 
water  and  in  0.35  parts  of  alcohol.  Is  decomposed  by  heat  with 
the  evolution  of  water  and  acid  and  a  residue  of  uranic  oxid.  Its 
aqueous  solution  is  decomposed  by  heat,  depositing  a  lemon-yellow 
powder.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  41.  A  poison. 
Maximum  dose  y$  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tt  iterations :  ix  and  higher;  freshly  prepared  and  protected 

from  the  light. 

b.  Tincture  <j> :  -^,  in  strong  alcohol ;  freshly  prepared. 

c.  Dilutions :  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

d.  Medications :  2x  and  higher ;  freshly  made. 


VALERIANA  OFFICINALIS.  Valerian. 

Natural  Order. — Valerianaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Phu  germanicum,  P.  parvum,  Valeriana  angusti- 
folia,  V.  minor,  V.  sambucifolia,  V.  sylvestris  major;  English,  All-heal, 
Great  wild  valerian,  Heal-all,  Valerian;  French,  ValeYiane  sauvage, 
Petite  valeriane ;  German,  Augenwurzel,  Katzenbaldrian. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  tuberous,  short, 
upright  root-stock,  having  numerous,  slender,  fleshy,  tapering,  pale- 
brown  rootlets,  3  to  4  inches  long,  and  sending  out  runners,  at  the  end 
of  which  young  plants  are  formed.  The  solitary,  erect  stem,  3  to  4 
feet  high,  is  hollow,  furrowed,  branched  only  at  the  top  and  hirsute  at 
the.  base.  The  few  leaves  are  opposite,  pinnate,  coarsely-serrate, 
clasping ;  the  radical  on  long  petioles,  the  cauline  much  smaller  and 


574  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

passing  into  bracts  above;  the  opposite,  or  alternate,  leaflets  are 
sessile,  lanceolate,  dentate,  ^  to  2^  inches  long.  The  numerous, 
small,  white  or  flesh-colored  flowers  appear  in  June  and  July  in 
crowded  sessile  bunches  of  three  at  the  extremities  of  the  final 
divisions  of  the  trichotomous,  compound,  spreading  cymes,  terminating 
the  stem  and  branches,  the  whole  forming  a  large,  more  or  less  flat- 
topped  cyme.  The  roots  have  a  camphoraceous,  bitter,  unpleasant 
taste,  and  a  strong  turpentine-like  odor,  acquired  in  drying.  The  best 
grow  in  dry  situations. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain  and  Europe  generally,  also  Asia,  Japan 
and  Iceland ;  found  in  dry  pastures  as  well  as  in  wet  places.  Fig., 
Flora  Horn.  II.  205;  Winkler,  148;  Jahr  and  Cat.  295;  Goullon,  138; 
Bent,  and  Trim.  146. 

History. —  Name  first  met  with  in  the  ninth  or  tenth  century,  of 
uncertain  origin.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1805  by 
Hahnemann,  Frag.  d.  Vir.  251.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  59.] 

Part  Used. — The  root,  recently  dried. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  -j^-. 

Valeriana,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  500  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  Jive  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 

VERATRINA.  Veratriru 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Veratrinum ;  English,  Veratria,  Veratrine; 
French,  Veratrine  ;  German,  Veratrin. 

A  mixture  of  alkaloids,  obtained  from  the  seeds  of  Asagrcea 
officinalis  (Sabadilla). 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE   OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  575 

Description. —  Consists  of  a  white  or  grayish-white  amorphous 
powder,  or  of  crystalline  needles,  odorless,  and  having  a  strongly 
bitter,  acrid  and  persistent  taste,  followed  by  a  sensation  of  tingling 
or  numbness.  In  the  most  minute  quantities  it  causes  sneezing  when 
introduced  into  the  nose ;  it  is  unchanged  by  exposure  to  light.  It  is 
soluble  in  3  parts  of  strong  alcohol,  6  parts  of  ether,  2  parts  of  chloro- 
form, 96  parts  of  glycerin,  56  parts  of  olive  oil  and  in  dilute  acids; 
insoluble  in  water;  reaction  alkaline.  When  ignited  upon  platinum 
foil  it  should  burn  without  residue.  It  forms  a  yellow  solution  with 
sulfuric  acid,  changing  to  orange-red,  blood-red  and  in  about  half  an 
hour  to  carmine-red,  which  finally  becomes  violet ;  with  nitric  acid  it 
forms  a  red  solution,  changing  to  yellow;  when  one  part  of  veratrin 
is  triturated  with  100  parts  of  sulfuric  acid,  the  resulting  solution 
gives  a  green-yellow  fluorescence,  with  an  ultimate  red  color.  Veratrin 
is  obtained  from  Sabadilla  seeds,  and  is  extremely  poisonous.  Men- 
tioned in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  69.  Maximum  dose  -fa  grain. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  2x  and  higher. 


VERATRUM  ALBUM,  White  Hellebore. 

Natural  Order. —  Melanthacese. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Elleborum  album,  Helleborus  albus,  H.  prae- 
cox ;  English,  European  hellebore,  White  hellebore ;  French,  Varaire, 
Veratre  blanc ;  German,  Weisser  Germer,  Weisse  Nieswurzel. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  fleshy,  fusiform, 
blackish  root,  2  to  3  inches  long,  y^  to  I  inch  in  diameter,  beset  with 
strong  fibers  gathered  into  a  head.  The  stem,  5  feet  high,  is  round, 
fistulous,  almost  covered  by  the  sheaths  of  the  leaves,  downy  above. 
The  leaves,  provided  with  numerous  nerves,  are  plaited,  broad,  ovate, 
acute,  or  rather  blunt,  glabrous  above  and  downy  beneath.  The  light- 
yellow  or  yellowish-white  flowers  appear  from  June  to  August  in  erect 
panicled  racemes.  All  parts  of  the  plant  are  extremely  acrid  and 
poisonous;  the  root  has  an  offensive  smell  and  a  burning,  acrid, 
bitterish  taste. 


576  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Habitat. —  Middle  and  southern  Europe,  Russia,  China  and  Japan; 
found  in  moist  situations  in  mountain  regions.  Fig.,  Flora  Horn.  II. 
209;  Winkler,  149;  Jahr  and  Cat.  296;  Goullon,  263. 

History. —  Name  said  to  be  derived  from  vere,  true,  and  ater,  black. 
It  has  been  described  under  different  names  and  was  known  as  early 
as  the  sixteenth  century,  possibly  the  plant  described  by  Theophrastus 
nearly  300  years  B.  C.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1805 
by  Hahnemann,  Frag.  d.  Vir.  254.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  73.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> ;  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Veratrum  album,  100  Gm. 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  824  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations:   ix  and  higher. 


VERATRUM  VIRIDE.  American  Hellebore. 

Natural  Order. —  Melanthaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Helonias  viridis,  Veratrum  eschscholtzii,  V. 
parviflorum ;  English,  American,  false  or  green  hellebore  or  veratrum, 
American  white  hellebore,  Crow  poison,  Earthgall,  Indian  poke  or 
uncus,  Itch  weed,  Meadow  poke,  Puppet  root,  Swamp  hellebore,  Wolf- 
bane;  French,  Veratre  vert;  German,  Griiner  Germer. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  having  a  coarse,  thick, 
fleshy  rhizome,  more  or  less  horizontal,  with  numerous  white  rootlets 
upon  the  lower  part,  having  a  strong,  unpleasant  odor  when  fresh, 
nearly  odorless  dried.  The  stem,  2  to  4  feet  high,  is  stout,  erect, 
simple,  leafy  to  the  top,  striated  and  pubescent.  The  leaves  are  three- 
ranked,  nerved,  broadly-oval,  strongly-plaited,  sheath-clasping,  acumi- 
nate; the  lower  leaves  6  to  12  inches  long,  curly,  decreasing  in  size 
Upward  to  mere  lanceolate  bracts.  The  yellowish-green,  polygamous 
flowers,  appearing  from  April  to  July,  according  to  location,  on 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  S77 

pedicels  much  shorter  than  the  bracts,  are  in  dense,  spreading,  spike-like 
racemes  on  roundish,  downy  peduncles,  composing  a  terminal  pyramidal 
panicle.  This  plant  closely  resembles  Veratrum  album. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  North  America  from  Canada  to  Georgia; 
found  in  swamps  and  low  grounds.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  176. 

History. — A  popular  remedy  among  the  American  Indians,  becom- 
ing known  in  Europe  in  1672.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice 
in  1862,  Allg.  Horn.  Zeit.  LXIV.  M.  b.  26.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
X.  95  and  639.] 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  ~fc. 

Veratrum  viride,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  800  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

VERBASCUM  THAPSUS.  Mullein. 

Natural  Order. —  Scrophulariaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Candelaria,  Lanaria,  Thapsus  barbatus; 
English,  Blattaria,  Common  mullein,  Hare's  beard,  Itch-weed,  Long 
taper,  Mullein,  Shepherd's  club,  Yellow  moth ;  French,  Bouillon-blanc, 
Molene,  Bon-homme;  German,  Konigskerze,  Wollkraut. 

Description. — A  biennial  herb,  with  stem  3  to  6  feet  high,  round, 
rigid,  erect,  densely-woolly,  winged  by  the  decurrent  bases  of  the 
leaves.  The  leaves,  4  to  12  inches  long,  are  alternate,  sessile,  oblong 
or  oval,  decurrent,  somewhat  acuminate,  crenate,  woolly  on  both  sides, 
pale-green.  The  small  yellow  flowers  appear  in  July  and  August  in  a 
long,  close,  cylindrical,  terminal  spike. 

Habitat. —  Common  in  the  United  States,  northern  and  central 
Europe;  found  along  roadsides,  in  uncultivated  fields,  etc.  Fig., 
Flora  Horn.  II.  218;  Winkler,  147;  Jahr  and  Cat.  298;  Goullon,  181; 
Millspaugh,  no. 


578  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

History. —  The  name,  a  corruption  of  barbascum,  so  called  on 
account  of  the  bearded  appearance  of  its  leaves,  thapsus,  from  its 
native  place,  Isle  of  Thapsos.  Mentioned  by  Hippocrates.  The 
flowers  saturated  with  olive  oil  and  exposed  to  the  sun  was  a  very 
popular  German  remedy.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in 
1821  by  Hahnemann,  R.  A.  M.  L.,  VI.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
X.  114.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  herb. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 
Verbascum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  537  Cc. 
To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  four  parts  distilled 

water,  five  parts  alcohol ;   3x  and   higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


VERBENA  HASTATA.  Blue  Vervain. 

Natural  Order. — Verbenaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Ague  weed,  American,  blue,  or  halbert-leaved 
vervain,  Purvian,  Simpler's  joy,  Wild  hyssop. 

Description. — A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  woody,  fibrous 
root  and  a  square  stem  4  to  6  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  opposite, 
petiolate,  the  radical  often  lobed,  entire,  hastate  or  lanceolate,  taper- 
pointed,  cut-serrate  and  rough.  The  small  purplish-blue  or  violet 
flowers  appear  from  June  to  August  in  long,  erect,  densely-flowered, 
terminal  or  axillary,  corymbed  or  panicled  spikes. 

Habitat. —  North  America,  Canada  and  Saskatchewan  to  Florida, 
New  Mexico  and  California;  found  chiefly  in  low,  waste  grounds, 
amongst  rubbish  and  on  roadsides.  Fig.,  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Horn.  Med. 
Soc.  VIII.  324. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  5/9 

History. —  Name  said  to  be  derived  from  ferfaen,  Celtic,  meaning 
to  drive  away  a  stone,  "an  herb  of  grace."  Mentioned  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  in  1870,  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Horn.  Med.  Soc.  VIII.  324. 
(Male's  New  Rem.  3d  ed.) 

Part  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves  or  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Verbena  hastata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts   alcohol;   3x  and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


VERBENA  OFFIdNALIS.  Common  Vervain. 

Natural  Order. — Verbenaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Verbena  maris ;  English,  Common  or  European 
vervain,  Verbena;  French,  Verveine  commune;  German,  Eisenhart, 
Eisenkraut. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  perennial  herb,  with  a  fusiform,  deep, 
hairy,  ligneous  root.  The  stem,  I  to  3  feet  high,  is  erect,  loosely- 
branched,  quadrangular  and  furrowed.  The  leaves  are  opposite, 
sessile,  pinnatifid  or  three-cleft,  oblong-lanceolate,  narrowed,  lobes  'cut 
and  dentate,  smooth  above,  coarsely-wrinkled.  The  small  purplish 
flowers  appear  all  summer  in  very  slender  panicled  spikes,  bracts 
small,  short. 

Habitat. —  Europe,  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  New  Jersey 
to  Texas,  Arizona  and  southern  California ;  found  on  roadsides,  in 
sandy  places  along  hedges  and  on  rubbish  heaps. 


580  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Held   sacred  among  the  ancients;   used   in   sacrificial 
rites,  incantations,  etc. 

Parts  Used. —  The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Verbena  officinalis,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Distilled  water,  167  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts   alcohol ;    3x   and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


VERONICA  BECCABUNGA.  Brooklime. 

Natural  Order. —  Scrophulariaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Veronica  americana,  V.  anagallis,  V.  inter- 
media ;  English,  Brooklime ;  French,  Veronique ;  German,  Bachbunge, 
Ehrenpreis. 

Description. —  A  perennial,  aquatic  herb.  The  stem  is  2  feet  high, 
creeping  and  rooting  at  the  base,  then  erect,  ascending,  smooth.  The 
leaves  are  opposite,  short-petioled,  2  to  3  inches  long,  elliptical-obtuse, 
clasping  by  cordate  base,  acutish,  serrulate  and  smooth.  The  pale- 
blue,  often  purple-striped,  flowers  appear  from  May  to  August  in 
axillary  loose  racemes. 

Habitat. —  Europe  and  Asia,  introduced  into  Canada  and  north 
Atlantic  states  to  New  Mexico,  California  and  Alaska,  especially 
northward ;  found  near  brooks  and  ditches. 

History. —  Name,  a  corruption  of  Betonica,  the  specific  name  latin- 
ized from  the  common  of  the  German.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
practice  in  1858  by  Dr.  Kimball,  N.  A.  J.  Horn.  VI.  526.  (Hale's  New 
Rem.  3d  ed.) 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  581 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Veronica  beccabunga,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;    3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 

VIBURNUM  OPULUS.  High  Cranberry. 

Natural  Order. —  Caprifoliaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Viburnum  edule,  V.  oxycoccus ;  English,  Cramp 
bark,  Cranberry  tree,  Guelder  rose,  High  cranberry,  Nanny  bush, 
Sheep's  berry,  Snowball ;  French,  Obier ;  German,  Wasserholder. 

Description. — An  ornamental,  deciduous  shrub.  The  stem  is  10 
feet  high,  upright,  nearly  smooth.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  petiolate, 
three-lobed,  three-  to  five-ribbed,  wedge-shaped,  truncate,  acuminate, 
glandular  at  apex,  dentate,  entire  in  the  sinuses,  smooth.  The  white 
flowers  appear  from  May  to  July  in  peduncled  cymes. 

Habitat. —  Great  Britain  and  Europe,  introduced  into  the  United 
States,  common  north  and  south  in  the  Alleghanies  to  the  borders  of 
Maryland ;  found  in  low  grounds  and  along  streams. 

History. — The  acid  fruit  was  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  cran- 
berry, hence  the  name,  high  cranberry  bush.  Mentioned  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  in  1858,  N.  A.  J.  Horn.  VI.  554.  (Hale's  New  Rem. 
3d  ed.) 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  bark,  including  the  bark  of  the  root. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.     Tincture  <f> :  Drug  strength  y1^. 
Viburnum  opulus,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  100  Cc.  =  200 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 


582  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;    3x   and   higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


VIBURNUM  PRUNIFOLIUM.  Black  Haw. 

Natural  Order. —  Caprifoliaceas. 

Synonyms. —  English,  Black  haw,  Nanny  bush  or  root,  Plum-leaved 
viburnum,  Sloe,  Stagbush,  Sweet  viburnum. 

Description. —  A  deciduous,  tall  shrub  or  small  tree,  attaining  a 
height  of  from  8  to  20  feet.  The  leaves,  i  to  2  inches  long,  with 
edged  petioles,  are  opposite,  simple,  obovate,  roundish  and  oval, 
obtuse  or  slightly-pointed,  finely-serrate,  smooth,  shining  above.  The 
white,  perfect  flowers  appear  in  May  and  June  in  compound  sessile 
cymes. 

Habitat. —  United  States  from  Connecticut  to  Illinois,  common 
southward  ;  found  in  dry  copses. 

History. —  Name  of  the  genus  said  to  be  derived  from  vieo,  to  tie, 
viburnum  signifying  any  plant  that  could  be  used  for  tying  or  binding. 
Mentioned  in  homoeopathic  literature  in  1857  by  Dr.  Fowler,  N.  A.  J. 
Horn.  VI.  129.  (Rale's  New  Rem.  4th  ed.) 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  bark. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  $:  Drug  strength  y1^. 

Viburnum  prunifolium,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  100  Cc.  =  200 

Distilled  water,  300  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,   six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  583 

VINCA  MINOR.  Periwinkle. 

Natural  Order. —  Asclepiadaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Vinca  pervinca;  English,  Common,  lesser  or 
small  periwinkle,  Periwinkle, Wintergreen ;  French,  Pervenche;  German, 
Kleines  Sinngriin,  Wintergriin. 

Description. —  An  ornamental,  evergreen  undershrub,  with  creeping 
root,  having  long  fibers  beneath.  The  stem  is  6  feet  long,  rounded, 
thin,  trailing,  smooth,  only  the  short  flowering-stems  ascending.  The 
leaves,  i^  inches  long,  are  opposite,  petioled,  simple,  elliptical,  shining 
and  coriaceous.  The  blue  funnel-shaped  flowers  appear  from  March 
to  September,  are  solitary,  axillary  and  long-peduncled. 

Habitat. —  Throughout  Europe;  found  in  hedges,  thickets  and 
forests.  Fig.,  Winkler,  155. 

History. —  Name  vinculum,  a  bond,  on  account  of  its  twining 
shoots.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1838  by  a  proving 
by  Dr.  Rosenberg,  Archiv.  XVII.  2,  39.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
X.  128.] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>.-  Drug  strength  -^. 

Vinca  minor,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  800  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


VIOLA  ODORATA.  Violet. 

Natural  Order. — Violaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Viola  alba,  V.  imberbis,  V.  mactiae,  V.  martia, 
V.  suavis ;  English,  Sweet  violet ;  French,  Violette  odorante ;  German, 
Marzveilchen. 


584  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 

Description. —  A  perennial  creeper,  6  inches  high,  with  whitish, 
knobbed  root,  the  runners  having  fibrous  rootlets.  The  radical  leaves 
long,  smooth,  petiolate,  in  tufts,  are  roundish,  cordate,  notched, 
crenate,  nearly  smooth,  shining-green,  paler  beneath,  somewhat  hairy. 
The  purple,  odorous,  solitary,  nodding  flowers,  ^  to  ^  inch  wide, 
appear  from  March  to  May  on  long  slender,  axillary  peduncles,  about 
the  middle  of  each  of  which  is  a  pair  of  bracts. 

Habitat. —  Throughout  northern  Europe  and  Asia,  introduced  into 
the  United  States ;  found  in  waste  places,  sometimes  growing  spon- 
taneously near  dwellings.  Fig.,  Winkler,  153;  Jahr  and  Cat.  301; 
Goullon,  22;  Bent,  and  Trim.  25. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1829  by  prov- 
ings  by  Stapf,  Archiv..VIII.  2,  182.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X. 
130-] 

Parts  Used. — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <f>:  Drug  strength  ^. 

Viola  odorata,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  350  Cc.  =  450 

Strong  alcohol,  683  Cc. 

To  make  one  tho'usand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


VIOLA  TRICOLOR.  Pansy. 

Natural  Order. — Violaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Herba  trinitatis,  Jacea;  English,  Heart's  ease, 
Pansy ;  French,  Fleur  de  la  Trinite",  Pense"e  sauvage ;  German,  Acke- 
veilchen,  Sinnviole. 

Description. —  An  annual,  biennial,  or  short-lived  perennial  herb, 
with  somewhat  fusiform  root.  The  creeping  stem  becomes  erect,  3  to 
8  inches  high,  angular,  somewhat  diffusely-branched,  leafy  throughout 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  585 

and  nearly  smooth.  The  leaves,  i  inch  long,  are  alternate,  petiolate, 
oblong,  crenately-dentate,  with  persistent,  large,  lyrate-pinnatifid 
stipules,  with  middle  lobe  crenate.  The  several,  small,  yellowish- 
purple  flowers  appear  from  April  to  September  on  a  terminal  and 
axillary  peduncle. 

Habitat. —  Throughout  Europe  and  northern  Asia,  naturalized  in 
the  United  States,  New  York  to  Illinois  and  southward ;  found  in  fields. 
Fig.,  Winkler,  152;  Goullon,  23;  Millspaugh,  27. 

History. —  Introduced  into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1828  by  prov- 
ings  by  Stapf,  Archiv.  VII.  2,  173.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X. 

132.] 

Parts  Used — The  whole  fresh  plant. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  -£$. 

Viola  tricolor,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  300  Cc.  =  400 

Distilled  water,  100  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol ;    3x  and   higher,   with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications ;  3x  and  higher. 


VISCUM  ALBUM.  Mistletoe. 

Natural  Order. —  Loranthaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Viscum  flavescens;  English,  Mistletoe;  French, 
Gillon,  Gui  de  Chene ;  German,  Mistel. 

Description. — An  evergreen,  parasitical  plant,  forming  a  hanging 
bush  2  to  5  feet  in  diameter,  found  on  fruit  trees,  especially  the  apple, 
getting  no  nourishment  from  the  soil  or  decayed  wood,  the  fibers  of 
the  root  penetrating  the  woody  substance  of  the  tree.  The  stem,  i 
inch  in  diameter,  has  round,  even,  smooth,  pale-green  dichotomous 


586  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

shoots.  The  leaves  are  opposite,  sessile,  lanceolate-obtuse,  entire, 
coriaceous  and  of  a  yellowish-green  color.  The  flowers  are  in  axillary 
heads  in  clusters  of  four  or  five;  both  staminate  and  pistillate  are 
sessile  and  nearly  solitary.  The  fruit  consists  of  small  white  glutinous 
berries.  The  plant  has  a  peculiar,  disagreeable  odor  and  a  sweetish, 
acrid,  bitter,  nauseous  taste. 

Habitat. —  Indigenous  to  Great  Britain.     Fig.,  Goullon,  221. 

History. —  Name  probably  derived  from  viscus,  clammy,  on  account 
of  the  sticky  nature  of  the  berries.  That  found  on  the  oak  was 
employed  in  the  religious  rites  of  the  Druids.  Mentioned  in  homoeo- 
pathic literature  in  1863  by  Dr.  Huber,  Zeit.  d.  V.  d.  Horn.  A.  Oest. 
II.  3,  87.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  154.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  leaves  and  berries. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <£:  Drug  strength  -^. 

Viscum  album,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  800  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions ;  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


WYETHIA  HELENIOIDES.  Wyethia, 

Natural  Order. —  Compositae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Alarconia  helenoides,  Melarhiza  inuloides. 

Description. — A  perennial  plant  i  to  2  feet  high,  tomentose  when 
young,  becoming  almost  glabrous.  The  leaves  are  short-petioled  and 
ovate;  the  radical  12  to  18  inches  long  and  4  to  6  inches  wide,  the 
cauline  about  half  the  size. 

Habitat. —  California;  found  on  the  sides  of  hills.  Introduced  into 
homoeopathic  literature  by  Dr.  Selfridge.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med. 
X.  168.] 

Part  Used. — The  fresh  root. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  587 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  </>:  Drug  strength  -fa. 
Wyethia,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  200  Cc.  =  300 

Distilled  water,  200  Cc. 

Strong  alcohol,  635  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  three  parts  distilled 

water,  six  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with   dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications :  3x  and  higher. 


XANTHOXYLUM  FRAXINEUM.  Prickly  Ash. 

Natural  Order. —  Rutaceae. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Thylax  fraxineum,  Xanthoxylum  americanum, 
X.  clava-herculis,  X.  fraxinifolium,  X.  mite,  X.  ramiflorum,  X.  tri- 
carpum ;  English,  Angelica  tree,  Northern  prickly  ash,  Pellitory, 
Pepper  wood,  Prickly  ash,  Suterberry,  Tea  ash,  Toothache  tree, 
Yellow  wood;  French,  Clevalier,  Frene  epineux;  German,  Zahnweh- 
holz. 

Description. — An  ornamental,  deciduous  shrub.  The  stem  is  5  to 
10  feet  high,  with  alternate  branches  beset  with  thorns,  with  a  smooth, 
somewhat  waited,  white-spotted,  grayish  bark,  slightly  aromatic  and 
very  pungent.  The  leaves  are  alternate  in  axillary  clusters,  odd- 
pinnate  ;  leaflets  three  to  five  pairs,  prickly,  sometimes  petioled, 
oblong-oval,  oblique,  acuminate,  serrulate,  downy  when  young,  having 
an  aromatic  odor,  resembling  lemons.  The  greenish-white,  dioecious 
flowers  appear  before  the  leaves  from  March  to  May  in  axillary,  sessile 
umbels  about  the  origin  of  the  young  branches.  The  roundish  red 
capsule  contains  a  shining  black,  odorless,  oval,  wrinkled  seed,  hollow 
and  grayish-yellow  internally,  and  having  a  slight  taste  like  that  of 
the  capsule. 

Habitat. —  Throughout  northern  and  eastern  United  States;  found 
in  rocky  woods  and  on  river  banks.  Fig.,  Millspaugh,  33. 


588  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

History. —  Name  from  xanthos,  yellow,  and  xylon,  wood.  Intro- 
duced into  homoeopathic  practice  by  provings  reported  by  Dr.  Cullis, 
Pub.  Mass.  H.  M.  Soc.  II.  267.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  169.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  fresh  bark  and  berries. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincttire  <j>:  Drug  strength  T^. 
Xanthoxylum,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  233  Cc.  =  333 

Strong  alcohol,  800  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions :  2x  to  contain  one  part  tincture,  two  parts  distilled 

water,  seven  parts  alcohol;   3x  and  higher,  with  dispensing 
alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  3x  and  higher. 


YUCCA  FILAMENTOSA.  Adam's  Needle. 

Natural  Order. —  Liliaceae. 

Synonyms. — English,  Adam's  needle,  Bear  grass,  Thready  Adam's 
needle,  Spanish  bayonet. 

Description.  —  An  ornamental,  evergreen  shrub,  with  trunk  rising 
a  foot  or  less  from  a  running  rootstock,  and  covered  with  erect, 
lanceolate,  unarmed  leaves,  i  to  2  feet  long,  recurved,  broadly-channeled 
and  coriaceous  with  very  strong,  twisted,  brown,  marginal  threads. 
The  whitish-green  flowers  appear  from  July  to  October  in  an  ample, 
compound  panicle,  terminating  a  scape-like  peduncle,  6  to  8  feet  high. 

Habitat. —  United  States,  found  in  sandy  soil  in  eastern  Virginia, 
also  southward  and  westward. 

History. —  The  aboriginal  name.  Introduced  into  homoeopathic 
literature  in  1875  by  Dr.  Burdick,  N.  A.  J.  Horn.  XXIV.  29.  [Allen's 
Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  172.] 

Parts  Used. —  The  root  and  leaves,  or  flowers. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  589 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j> :  Drug  strength  ^. 

Yucca  filamentosa,  moist  magma  containing  solids  100  Gm., 

plant  moisture  185  Cc.=  285 

Strong  alcohol,  840  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 


ZINCUM  ACETICUM.  Zinc  Acetate. 

Zincum  Acetate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Zn(C2H3O2)22H2O;  218.74. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Zinci  acetas,  Z.  aceticum,  Acetas  zincicus; 
English,  Acetate  of  zinc,  Zincic  acetate;  French,  Acetate  de  zinc; 
German,  Zinkacetat,  Essigsaures  Zinkoxyd. 

Description. —  Consists  of  soft,  white,  silky  plates,  having  a  pearly 
appearance,  with  an  odor  of  acetic  acid  and  a  metallic  taste ;  efflores- 
cent in  dry  air.  Soluble  at  15°  C.  in  2.7  parts  of  water  and  in  36  parts 
of  alcohol.  At  a  red  heat  it  is  decomposed,  giving  off  acetic  acid 
and  acetone  vapors  and  leaving  a  residue  of  zinc  oxid.  Its  aqueous 
solution  has  an  acid  reaction,  and  gives  with  hydrogen  sulfid  and  with 
ammonium  sulfid  a  white  precipitate  of  zinc  sulfid ;  it  also  gives  the 
reactions  of  zinc  solutions.  This  salt  is  prepared  with  zinc  carbonate 
and  acetic  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  213.  Zinc 
acetate  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  bottles. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tritnrations :  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 


ZINCUM  BROMATUM.  Zinc  Bromid. 

Zincum  Bromid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  ZnBr2 ;  224.62. 


59O  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Zinci  bromidum ;  English,  Bromide  of  zinc, 
Zincic  bromide ;  French,  Bromure  de  zinc ;  German,  Zinkbromid, 
Bromzink. 

Description. —  A  white,  granular,  odorless  powder,  having  a  strong, 
saline,  metallic  taste ;  markedly  deliquescent.  Freely  soluble  in  water 
and  in  alcohol.  It  melts  at  394°  C,  and  at  a  higher  temperature  is 
sublimed  in  the  form  of  needle-shaped  prisms.  Its  aqueous  solution 
gives  a  white  precipitate  with  hydrogen  sulfid  and  all  the  other  reac- 
tions of  zinc  salts ;  with  argentic  nitrate  it  gives  a  yellow  precipitate 
of  silver  bromid.  It  is  decomposed  by  chlorin  water,  liberating 
bromin,  which  can  be  dissolved  in  chloroform  or  carbon  disulfid,  the 
solution  having  a  dark-red  color.  It  is  prepared  with  zinc  and  bromin, 
or  by  dissolving  zinc  in  hydrobromic  acid.  It  should  be  kept  in  small 
glass-stoppered  vials. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher;  the  ix  and  2x  to  be  freshly  made. 


ZINCUM  CARBONICUM.  Zinc  Carbonate. 

Zincum  Carbonate. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Zinci  carbonas  praecipitatus,  Z.  carbonas, 
Hydrocarbonas  zincicus;  English,  Precipitated  carbonate  of  zinc; 
French,  Sous-carbonate ;  German,  Zinkcarbonat,  Kohlensaures  Zink- 
oxyd. 

Description. —  A  white,  soft  powder,  of  variable  composition,  with- 
out taste  or  odor ;  permanent  in  air.  Insoluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol ; 
soluble  in  acids,  with  production  of  carbon  dioxid.  When  strongly 
heated  it  loses  carbon  dioxid  and  is  transformed  into  zinc  oxid,  which 
is  yellow  while  hot,  but  turns  white  on  cooling ;  its  solutions  give  the 
reactions  of  zinc  salts.  It  is  prepared  with  zinc  sulfate  and  sodium 
carbonate. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY.  5QI 

ZINCUM  CYANATUM.  Zinc  Cyanid. 

Zincum  Cyanid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Zn(Cy2);  117.06. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Zinci  cyanidum,  Cyanuretum  zincicum; 
English,  Cyanide  of  zinc,  Zincic  cyanide ;  French,  Cyanure  de  zinc. 

Description. —  A  white,  inodorous,  tasteless  powder.  Insoluble  in 
water  and  in  alcohol ;  soluble  in  dilute  acids  and  in  ammonium  and 
potassium  hydrates.  When  kept  long  it  decomposes.  Its  solutions 
give  the  reactions  of  zinc  salts.  It  is  obtained  from  zinc  acetate  and 
hydrocyanic  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  215.  A 
poison.  Maximum  dose  %  grain.  It  should  be  kept  in  small  glass- 
stoppered  vials. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 


ZINCUM  IODATUM.  Zinc  betid. 

Zincum  lodid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  ZnI2 ;  318.16. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Zinci  iodidum,  loduretum  zincicum;  English, 
Iodide  of  zinc,  Zincic  iodide ;  French,  lodure  de  zinc ;  German,  Zink- 
jodid,  Jodzink. 

Description. — A  white,  granular,  odorless  powder,  having  a  strong, 
saline,  metallic  taste ;  markedly  deliquescent.  Exposed  to  air  it  turns 
brown.  Freely  soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol.  At  a  temperature  of 
446°  C.  it  melts,  and  at  a  higher  temperature  is  partly  volatilized  and 
partly  decomposed,  leaving  a  residue  of  zinc  oxid.  Its  aqueous  solu- 
tion has  an  acid  reaction,  and  gives  with  argentic  nitrate  a  yellow 
precipitate,  insoluble  in  ammonium  hydrate ;  it  gives  the  reactions  of 
zinc  salts.  It  is  prepared  from  metallic  zinc  and  iodin.  Zinc  iodid 
should  be  kept  in  small  glass-stoppered  vials. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Tt iterations:  ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 


592  THE    PHARMACOPEIA   OF    THE 

ZINCUM  METALLICUM.  Metallic  Zinc, 

Zincum. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  Zn;  65.10. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Speltrum  ;  English  and  French,  Zinc ;  German, 
Zink. 

Description. —  A  bluish-white  metal,  having  a  laminated  texture 
and  a  crystalline  fracture;  specific  gravity,  7.2.  It  fuses  at  415°  C. 
It  is  brittle  at  ordinary  temperature,  but  between  120°  C.  and  150°  C.  it 
is  ductile,  while  at  205°  C.  it  becomes  so  brittle  that  it  can  be  easily 
powdered.  At  a  white  heat  it  boils  and  volatilizes,  burning  with  a 
blue  flame  and  producing  zinc  oxid.  It  is  dissolved  by  diluted  sulfuric 
and  hydrochloric  acids,  and  these  solutions  give  with  ammonia  and 
potassium  hydrate  a  white  precipitate,  soluble  in  an  excess  of  pre- 
cipitant ;  with  ammonium  sulfid  a  white  precipitate ;  with  ammonium 
carbonate,  potassium  ferrocyanid  or  sodic  phosphate  a  white  precipi- 
tate, and  with  potassium  ferricyanid  an  orange-red  precipitate.  It  is 
extracted  from  its  ores.  Centrifugal  force  is  used  for  the  reduction 
of  zinc  to  a  fine  powder.  The  pure  redistilled  metallic  zinc  can  also 
be  reduced  to  a  powder  by  rubbing  it  in  a  mortar  under  distilled 
water. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :   ix  and  higher. 


ZINCUM  MURIATICUM.  Zinc  Chlorid. 

Zincum  Muriate. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  ZnCl2 ;  135.84. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Zinci  chloridum,  Zincum  chloratum,  Chlorure- 
tum  zincicum ;  English,  Chloride  of  zinc,  Zincic  chloride ;  French, 
Chlorure  de  zinc ;  German,  Zinkchlorid,  Chlorzink. 

Description. — A  white,  granular,  odorless  powder,  with  a  strong 
astringent,  metallic  taste;  markedly  deliquescent.  Soluble  in  0.3 
parts  of  water  at  15°  C.  It  is  partly  volatilized  and  partly  decomposed 
by  heat,  leaving  a  residue  of  zinc  oxid.  Its  aqueous  solution  has  an 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  593 

acid  reaction,  and  gives  with  argentic  nitrate  a  white,  curdy  precipi- 
tate, soluble  in  ammonia ;  it  also  gives  the  reaction  of  zinc  salts.  It 
is  prepared  from  a  solution  of  zinc  in  hydrogen  chlorid  by  evapora- 
tion, by  heating  zinc  in  a  current  of  chlorin,  or  by  distilling  together 
calcium  chlorid  and  zinc  sulfate.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia, 
X.  215.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  ^  grain.  It  should  be  kept  in 
small  glass-stoppered  vials. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :   ix  and  higher;  freshly  made. 


ZINCUM  OXYDATUM.  Zinc  Oxid. 

Zincum  Oxid. 

Chemical  Symbol. —  ZnO;  81.06. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Zinci  oxidum,  Oxydum  zincicum,  Flores  zinci; 
English,  Oxide  of  zinc,  Zincic  oxide ;  French,  Oxyde  de  zinc ;  German, 
Zinkoxyd. 

Description. —  A  soft,  white,  odorless,  tasteless  powder,  which  when 
heated  becomes  yellow,  and  on  cooling  white.  It  is  insoluble  in  water 
and  in  alcohol ;  soluble  in  diluted  acids  without  effervescence.  Moist- 
ened with  a  solution  of  cobalt  chlorid  and  heated  at  a  high  tempera- 
ture it  gives  a  green  mass ;  on  exposure  to  air  it  slowly  absorbs  water 
and  carbon  dioxid ;  its  solutions  give  the  reaction  of  zinc  salts.  It  is 
obtained  by  decomposing  zinc  carbonate  at  a  dull-red  heat.  It  should 
be  kept  in  air-tight  vials. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Ttiturations :  ix  and  higher. 

ZINCUM  PHOSPORATUM.  Zinc  Phosphid. 

Zincum  Phosphid. 

Chemical  Symbol — Zn3P2;  257.22. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Zinci  phosphidum,  Phosphoretum  zincicum; 
English,  Phosphide  of  zinc,  Phosphuret  of  zinc ;  French,  Phosphure 
de  zinc ;  Gertnan,  Phosphorzink. 


594  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 

Description. —  A  gray,  crystalline  mass,  having  a  faint  odor  and 
taste  of  phosphorus.  Insoluble  in  water;  soluble  in  dilute  sulfuric  or 
hydrochloric  acid,  with  an  abundant  production  of  hydrogen  phosphid. 
It  is  converted  into  zinc  phosphate  by  nitric  acid.  At  a  high  tempera- 
ture, air  being  excluded,  it  volatilizes  without  decomposition.  In 
contact  with  air  it  is  transformed  into  zinc  phosphate.  Its  acid  solu- 
tions give  the  reactions  of  zinc  salts.  It  is  obtained  by  passing  vapors 
of  phosphorus  in  a  current  of  hydrogen  over  melted  zinc.  Mentioned 
in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  221.  A  poison.  Maximum  dose  -fa  to  f 
grain.  It  should  be  kept  in  small  glass-stoppered  vials. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Ttiturations:  ix  and  higher. 


ZINCUM  SULPHURICUM.  Zinc  Sulfate. 

Zincum  Sulfate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— ZnSO4.;H2O;  286.64. 

Synonyms. —  Latin,  Zinci  sulphas,  Sulfas zincicus,Vitriolum  album; 
English,  Sulphate  of  zinc,  Zincic  sulphate,  White  vitriol ;  French,  Sul- 
fate de  zinc ;  German,  Zinksulfat,  Schwefelsaures  Zinkoxyd. 

Description. —  Consists  of  colorless,  transparent,  odorless  prisms, 
having  an  astringent,  metallic  taste;  efflorescent  in  air.  Soluble  at 
15°  C.  in  0.6  parts  of  water;  insoluble  in  alcohol.  Heated  to  100°  C. 
it  loses  six  molecules  of  water,  the  last  one  being  expelled  at  a  low,  red 
heat;  at  a  higher  temperature  it  is  decomposed,  sulfur  dioxid  and 
oxygen  gas  being  given  off,  leaving  a  residue  of  zinc  oxid.  Its  aque- 
ous solution  has  an  acid  reaction,  and  gives  with  barium  chlorid  a 
white  precipitate  of  barium  sulfate,  insoluble  in  acids;  it  gives  the 
reactions  of  zinc  salts.  It  is  prepared  from  metallic  zinc  and  diluted 
sulfuric  acid.  Mentioned  in  Allen's  Encyclopedia,  X.  221.  Zinc 
sulfate  should  be  kept  in  well-stoppered  vials. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY.  59$ 

ZINCUM  VALERIANICUM.  Zinc  Valerianate. 

Zincum  Valerianate. 

Chemical  Symbol.— Zn(C5H9O2)2.2H2O;  302.56. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Zinci  valerianas,  Valerianas  zincicus;  English, 
Valerianate  of  zinc,  Zincic  valerianate ;  French,  Valerianate  (Vate rate) 
de  zinc ;  German,  Zincvalerianat,  Baldriansaures  Zinkoxyd. 

Description. —  Consists  of  anhydrous,  white,  pearly,  lamellar  crys- 
tals, soft  to  the  touch,  having  an  odor  of  valerianic  acid  and  a 
sweet,  styptic,  metallic  taste.  On  exposure  to  air  it  loses  valerianic 
acid.  Is  soluble  at  15°  C.  in  100  parts  of  water  and  in  40  parts  of 
alcohol.  It  is  decomposed  by  heat,  giving  off  white,  inflammable 
vapors  and  leaving  a  residue  of  zinc  oxid,  which  when  moistened  with 
cobaltic  chlorid  and  heated  to  redness  becomes  green.  Its  aqueous 
solution  has  an  acid  reaction.  When  treated  with  hydrochloric  acid, 
valerianic  acid  is  separated  and  floats  on  the  surface  of  the  liquid. 
This  salt  is  prepared  from  sodium  valerianate  and  zinc  sulfate.  It 
should  be  kept  in  small  well-stoppered  vials. 

PREPARATIONS. 

Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


ZINGIBER  OFFIONALE.  Ginger. 

Natural  Order. —  Zingiberaceae. 

Synonyms. — Latin,  Amomum  zingiber,  Gingiber  albus,  G.  niger; 
English,  Ginger,  Jamaica  ginger ;  French,  Gingembre;  German,  Ginfer, 
Ingberzahne. 

Description. — A  perennial,  deciduous  shrub,  with  a  large,  horizon- 
tal, solid,  tough  rhizome,  roundly-jointed,  fleshy,  cylindrical  and  brittle, 
covered  with  a  pale,  silvery-brown  skin,  marked  with  leaf-scars,  pale- 
yellow  within.  The  stem,  2  to  4  feet  high,  is  erect,  oblique,  invested 
by  the  smooth  sheaths  of  the  leaves.  The  leaves  are  alternate  in  two 
rows,  sub-sessile  on  long  sheaths,  linear  lanceolate,  smooth,  the  sheaths 
smooth,  each  terminated  with  a  bifid  ligula.  The  small,  yellow-speckled 


596  AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 

or  red  flowers,  appearing  from  June  to  August  in  elongated  spikes, 
are  sessile,  each  surrounded  by  a  smooth  bract  in  the  axil  of  the  large 
bracts. 

Habitat. —  Probably  East  Indies,  not  known  in  wild  state,  cultivated 
throughout  the  tropics  of  Asia  and  America.  Fig.,  Winkler,  156; 
Jahr  and  Cat.  302 ;  Goullon,  270 ;  Bent,  and  Trim.  270. 

History. —  Known  in  India  from  the  remotest  times.  Introduced 
into  homoeopathic  practice  in  1835  by  a  proving  by  Dr.  Bute,  Archiv. 
XV.  i,  182.  [Allen's  Encyc.  Mat.  Med.  X.  225.] 

Part  Used. — The  dried  root,  as  imported;  that  from  Jamaica  to  be 
preferred. 

PREPARATIONS. 

a.  Tincture  <j>:  Drug  strength  -j^. 

Zingiber  officinale,  100  Gm. 

Strong  alcohol,  1000  Cc. 

To  make  one  thousand  cubic  centimeters  of  tincture. 

b.  Dilutions:  2x  and  higher,  with  dispensing  alcohol. 

c.  Medications:  2x  and  higher. 

d.  Triturations :  ix  and  higher. 


PART   III. 

SELECT  TABLES  FOR  REFERENCE. 


Signs  and  Abbreviations  Used  in  Prescription  Writing. 


R 

Recipe. 

Take. 

Gr. 

Granum  vel 

A  grain  or 

aa 

Ana. 

Of  each. 

grana. 

grains. 

ft 

Libra  vel  librae 

A  pound  or 

Gtt. 

Gutta  vel 

A  drop  or 

pounds. 

guttae. 

drops. 

I 

Uncia  vel 

An  ounce  or 

Haust. 

Haustus. 

A  draught. 

unciae. 

ounces. 

H. 

Hora. 

Hour. 

3 

Drachma  vel 

A  drachm  or 

Ind. 

In  dies. 

Daily. 

drachmae. 

drachms. 

Infus. 

Infusum. 

An  infusion. 

9 

Scrupulus  vel 

A  scruple  or 

Inter. 

Internus. 

Between. 

scrupuli. 

scruples. 

Lac. 

Lac,  lactis. 

Milk,  of  milk. 

0 

Octarius  vel 

A  pint  or 

Lag. 

Lagena. 

A  flask  or  bot- 

octarii. 

pints. 

tle. 

fl 

Fluiduncia  vel 

Afluidounceor 

Liq. 

Liquor. 

A  solution. 

fluidunciae. 

fluidounces. 

Mag. 

Magnus. 

Large. 

f3 

Fluidrachma 

A  fluidrachm 

Mane 

Mane. 

In  the  morning 

vel  fluid- 

or  fluid- 

Mit. 

Mitte. 

Send. 

rachmae. 

rachms. 

M. 

Misce. 

Mix. 

M 

Minimum  vel 

A  minim  or 

Mist. 

Mistura. 

A  mixture. 

minima. 

minims. 

Non 

Non. 

Not. 

Ad 

Ad. 

To,  or  up  to. 

Non  re- 

Let  it  not  be 

Ad  lib. 

Ad  libitum. 

At  pleasure. 

petat. 

Non  repetatur. 

repeated. 

Bis  die 

Bis  in  die  vel 

Noc, 

The  night,  of 

dies. 

Twice  a  day. 

noct. 

Noc,  noctis. 

the  night. 

C.  c. 

Cubic  centi- 

About 16 

Omn. 

meter. 

minims. 

hor. 

Omni  hori. 

Every  hour. 

Chart. 

Chartula  vel 

A  small  paper 

Par.,  pt. 

Pars,  partis. 

A  part,  of  a 

chartulas. 

or  papers. 

part. 

Coch. 

Cochlear  vel 

A  spoonful  or 

Pil. 

Pilula  velpilu- 

cochlearia. 

spoonfuls. 

Ize. 

A  pill  or  pills. 

Coch. 

Cochlear  amp- 

A  dessert 

Pocul. 

Poculum. 

A  cup. 

amp. 

lum. 

spoonful. 

Potus 

Potus. 

Drink. 

Coch. 

Cochlear  mag- 

A tablespoon- 

Primus 

Primus. 

The  first. 

mag. 

num. 

ful. 

Pro 

Pro. 

For. 

Coch. 

Cochlear  par- 

P.  r.  n. 

Pro  re  nata. 

Occasionally. 

parv. 

vum. 

A  teaspoonful. 

Pulv. 

Pulvis  vel  pul- 

A  powder  or 

Collyr. 

Collyrium. 

An  eye-water. 

veres. 

powders. 

Cong. 

Congius  vel 

A  gallon  or 

Q.s. 

Quantum  suf- 

As  much  as  is 

congii. 

gallons. 

ficiat. 

sufficient. 

Cyath. 

Cyathus. 

A  wine  glass. 

eq. 

euaque. 

Each  or  every. 

Decoct. 

Decoctum. 

A  decoction. 

uotid. 

uotidie. 

Daily. 

Oil. 

Dilue,  dilutus. 

Dilute  (thou), 

Kept. 

Repetatur. 

Let  it  be  re- 

diluted. 

peated. 

Dim. 

Dimidius. 

One-half. 

Ss. 

Semis. 

A  half. 

D. 

Dosis. 

A  dose. 

S. 

Signa. 

Write. 

Ead. 

Eadem  (fern.). 

The  same. 

Solv. 

Solve. 

Dissolve. 

Ejusd. 

Eiusdem. 

Of  the  same. 

Stat. 

Statim. 

Immediately. 

Ft. 

Fiat. 

Make. 

T.  i.  d. 

Ter  in  die  vel 

Garg. 

Gargarysma. 

A  gargle. 

ort.d. 

Ter  die. 

Thrice  daily. 

Gm. 

Gramme  or 

Ut  diet. 

Ut  dictum. 

As  directed. 

gram. 

15.5  grains. 

Vir. 

Vires. 

Strength. 

598  THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF   THE 


Tables  of  Weights  and  Measures. 

APOTHECARIES'  WEIGHT.     U.  S. 

Pound.  Troy  Ounces.          Drachms.  Scruples.  Troy  Grains. 

ft   I          =  12  96  288  5760 

§  I  8  24  480 

3 1  3  60 

9 1  =        gr.  20 

The  Imperial  Standard  Troy  weight,  at  present  recognized  by  the  British  laws, 
corresponds  with  the  Apothecaries'  weight  in  pounds,  ounces  and  grains,  but 
differs  from  it  in  the  division  of  the  ounce,  which,  according  to  the  former  scale, 
contains  twenty  pennyweights,  each  weighing  twenty-four  grains. 

AVOIRDUPOIS  WEIGHT. 

Pound.  Ounces.  Drachms.  Troy  Grains. 

lb.   I  16  256  7000 

oz.  i  16  437.5 

dr.  i  gr.  27.34375 

RELATIVE  VALUE  OF  TROY  AND  AVOIRDUPOIS  WEIGHTS. 

Pound.  Pounds.  Pound.     Ounces.      Grains, 

i  Troy  =        0.822857  Avoirdupois  =       o  13  72.5 

i  Avoirdupois  =         1.215277  Troy  —        i  2          280 


The  Metric  System. 

The  metric  system,  like  all  other  measures,  depends  upon  a  measure  of  length. 
The  length  of  the  seconds  pendulum,  the  meridian,  etc.,  are  among  the  unalterable 
geographical  standards  or  magnitudes.  That  of  the  meridian  is  the  basis  of  the 
metric  system.  The  meter  is  the  unit  of  the  whole  system,  and  is  the  ten-millionth 
part  of  the  length  of  the  fourth  part  of  the  earth's  meridian. 

The  Meter  =  39.37-!-  Inches. 

From  this  unit  of  length,  the  units  of  capacity  and  weight  are  derived.  One 
one-hundredth  part  of  a  meter  is  called  a  centimeter,  and  the  cube  of  the  centi- 
meter is  the 

Cubic  Centimeter  =  16+  Minims. 

The  cubic  centimeter  may  ordinarily  be  used  as  the  unit  of  capacity,  or  i.ooo 
cubic  centimeters  equally  one  liter  may  be  employed.     The  unit  of  weight  is  the 
Gram  =  15.43+  Grains. 

The  gram  is  the  weight  of  one  cubic  centimeter  of  pure  water  at  4°  C.  (39.2°  F.). 

Thus,  for  fluid  measure  and  weight  we  have  respectively  the  two  units,  cubic 
centimeter  and  gram.  Cubic  centimeters  and  decimals  of  a  cubic  centimeter  can 
be  used  to  express  measure,  grams  and  decimals  of  a  gram  to  express  weight. 
The  prefixes  of  the  metric  system  are  as  follows  :  — 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


599 


Kilo, 

one  thousand. 

Deci,              = 

one-tenth. 

Hekto, 

one  hundred. 

Centi,             = 

one-hundredth. 

Deka, 

ten. 

Milli,             = 

one-thousandth. 

It  is  customary  to  use  only  grams  and  milligrams  in  reading  expressions  of 
weight,  and  cubic  centimeters  and  decimals  in  measures. 


CONDENSED  TABLE  OF  THE  METRIC  SYSTEM. 


IOOOO 

Myriameter 

Mm. 

IOOOO 

Myrialiter 

Ml. 

IOOOO 

Myriagram 

Mg. 

1000 

Kilometer 

Km. 

IOOO 

Kiloliter 

Kl. 

IOOO 

Kilogram 

Kg. 

100 

Hektometer 

Hm. 

100 

Hektoliter 

HI. 

100 

Hektogram 

Hg. 

10 

Dekameter 

Dm. 

IO 

Dekaliter 

Dl. 

IO 

Dekagram 

Dg. 

I 

Meter 

M. 

I 

Liter 

L. 

I 

Gram 

Gm. 

.1 

Decimeter 

dm. 

.1 

Deciliter 

dl. 

.1 

Decigram 

dg- 

.01 

Centimeter 

cm. 

.01 

Centiliter 

cl. 

.01 

Centigram 

eg. 

.001 

Millimeter 

mm. 

.001 

Milliliter 

ml. 

.001 

Milligram 

mg. 

UNITS  OF  THE  METRIC  SYSTEM  AND  THEIR  EQUIVALENTS. 


i  Meter 

i  Centimeter 

i  Millimeter 

i  Kilogram 

i  Kilogram 

i  Kilogram 

i  Gram 

i  Gram 

i  Gram 

i  Centigram 

i  Milligram 

i  Liter 

i  Liter 

i  Cubic  centimeter 

i  Cubic  centimeter 

i  Inch 

i  Inch 

i  Grain 

i  Grain 

i  Grain 

i  Avoirdupois  ounce 

i  Troy  ounce 

i  Minim 

i  Fluid  drachm 

i  Fluid  ounce 


39.370  inches. 

•3937  inches. 

.03937  inches. 

35-2739  Avoirdupois  ounces. 

2.2046  Troy  pounds. 

32.1507  Troy  ounces. 

15.432  grains. 

.0352  Avoirdupois  ounces. 

.03215  Troy  ounces. 

•1543  grains. 

.0154  grains. 

33.815  fluid  ounces. 

2.113  pints. 

.0338  fluid  ounces. 

16.23  minims. 

2.5399  centimeters. 

25-3997  millimeters. 

.0648  grams. 

6.4799  centigrams. 

64.799  milligrams. 

28-3495  grams. 

31.1035  grams. 

.06  cubic  centimeters. 

3.70  cubic  centimeters. 

29.57  cubic  centimeters. 


6oo 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Equivalents  of  Weights  and  Measures.* 

CUSTOMARY   AND   METRIC. 

NOTE.  —  The  values  given  for  the  relation  of  weight  to  measure  are  for  Water 
at  the  temperature  of  4°  C.  (39.2°  F.)  in  vacua.  For  ordinary,  practical  purposes, 
these  values  may  be  used  without  correction. 


WEIGHTS,  CUSTOMARY. 

Metric 

MEASURES,  CUSTOMARY. 

Weight 

Grains. 

Troy                 Avoirdupois 

and 
Measure. 

Fluid 

Fluid- 
ounces  and 

oz.       grains. 

IDS.      oz.     grains. 

Gm.]        [Cc. 

ounces.       minims. 

fractions. 

154324 

32           72-4 

2         3        "9-9 

IOOO 

33             390.6 

33-8I4 

15061 

32          

2        3         47-5 

995.312 

33             314.5 

33-655 

15060.9 

31          180.9 

2            2           185.9 

975-932 

33             

33 

15046.6 

31        1  66.6 

2             2           I7I.6 

975 

32           464.9 

32.968 

14880 

31         .... 

22                 5 

964.208 

32            289.7 

32-604 

14660.7 

30        260.7 

2             I            223.2 

950 

32             59-i 

32-123 

14604.5 

3°       204.5 

2             I            167 

946.358 

32            

32 

14400 

30        

2           .  .           4OO 

933-105 

31           264.9 

3I-552 

14274.9 

29       354-9 

2           .  .           274.9 

925 

3i            133-3 

31.27* 

14148.2 

29        228.2 

2          .  .          148.2 

916.785 

31            .... 

3i 

14000 

2Q              80 

2           . 

007.18"; 

"?O                724.  2 

"?o.676 

13920 

y 
29             

i       15       357-5 

s     1          J 

902.000 

Jv                             O      T" 
30                             240 

!>****'/  ** 
30.500 

13889.1 

28           449-1 

15       326.6 

900 

3O                             2O7.6 

30.432 

13691.8 

28           251.8 

i5        129-3 

887.211 

30                                

30 

13562.5 

28           122.5 

15        

878.635 

29           344-1 

29717 

I3503-3 

28              63.3 

i4       378.3 

875 

29           281.8 

29^87 

13440 

28            

J4       3'5 

870.898 

29       .    215.2 

29448 

132354 

27           275.4 

14        110.4 

857.637 

29            

29 

13125 

27            165 

14        

850.486 

28           363.9 

28.759 

I3"7.5 

27            157-5 

13       430 

850 

28           356 

28.742 

12960 

27             

13       272.5 

839.794 

28            190.4 

28.397 

12779 

26           299 

13         91-5 

828.064 

28            

28 

i273'-7 

26           251.7 

13          44-2 

825 

27           43°-3 

27.896 

12687.5 

26           207.5 

13         

822.136 

27           383-8 

27.8OO 

12480 

26            

12            230 

808.691 

27            165.6 

27-345 

12345.9 

25       345-9 

12         95-9 

800 

27             24.5 

27.051 

12322.6 

25       322.6 

12              72.6 

798.490 

27            

27 

12250 

25       250 

12             .... 

793.787 

26           403.7 

26.841 

I2OOO 

25        

II            187.5 

777.587 

26            140.7 

26.293 

II96O.I 

24       440.1 

II            147.6 

775 

26             98.7 

26.2O6 

II866.2 

24       346.2 

"         53-7 

768.916 

26            

26 

Il8l2.5 

24       292.5 

ii        .... 

765437 

25           423.6 

25.883 

"574-3 

24         54-3 

10       199.3 

750 

25            173 

25.360 

1  1520 

24        .... 

10       145 

746.484 

25           "5-9 

25.241 

11409.8 

23       369-8 

10         34.8 

739-343 

25            

25 

"375 

23       335 

IO            .... 

737.087 

24           443-4 

24.924 

11188.5 

23        H8.5 

9        251 

725 

24           247.2 

24.5I5 

1  1040 

23        

9       102.5 

7i5-38o 

23             91.1 

24.I9O 

10953.4 

22       393-4 

9         15-9 

709.769 

24 

24 

10937-5 

22       377-5 

9         

708.738 

23           463.3 

23.966 

*_From  the  Pharmacoposia  of  the  United  States  of  America,  seventh  decennial  revision  (1890). 
Philadelphia,  1803,  p.  554  seq.  By  permission  of  the  Publication  Committee  of  the  Committee  of 
Revision  and  Publication. 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


601 


Equivalents  of  Weights  and  Measures.  —  Continued. 


WEIGHTS,  CUSTOMARY. 

Metric 

MEASURES,  CUSTOMARY. 

Weight 

Grains. 

Troy 

Avoirdupois 

and 
Measure. 

Fluid 

Fluid- 
ounces  and 

oz.       grains. 

Ibs.      oz.     grains. 

Gm.]        [Cc. 

ounces.       minims. 

fractions. 

10802.6 

22        242.6 

i          8        302.6 

700 

23             321.4 

23.670 

10560 

22             .... 

I          8          60 

684.277 

23             66.2 

23.138 

10500 

21            42O 

i          8         

680.388 

23               3-i 

23.007 

10497.0 

21            417 

i         7        434-5 

680.195 

23           .... 

23 

10416.8 

21            336.8 

i         7        354-3 

675 

22           395-7 

22.824 

10080 

21             .... 

i         7          17-5 

653.I73 

22                   41.4 

22.086 

10062.5 

20          462.5 

i         7        

652.039 

22                   23.0 

22.048 

10040.6 

2O          440.6 

i        6       415.6 

650.621 

22                  .... 

22 

10031.0 

20          431 

i        6       406 

650 

2  1                 469.9 

21.979 

9645.2 

20             45.2 

I            6             2O.2 

625 

21                    64.1 

21.134 

9625 

2O             25 

i         6         

623.689 

21                   42.9 

2I.O9 

9600 

2O            .... 

i        5       412.1 

622.070 

21             16.6 

21.035 

9584.2 

19          464.2 

i        5       396.7 

621.048 

21                   .... 

21 

9259.4 

19           139.4 

i        5         71.9 

600 

20                138.4 

20.288 

9187.5 

19             67.5 

i         5        

595-340 

2O                  62.7 

20.131 

9127.8 

19                7.8 

i         4        377-8 

59M74 

2O                 .... 

20 

9120 

IQ           

1         4        37° 

590.966 

19               471.8 

19.983 

8873.6 

'8        233.3 

i         4        123.6 

575 

19                 212.6 

19443 

8750 

18        no 

i        4         

566.990 

19                   82.6 

19.172 

8671.4 

18         31.4 

i        3       358.9 

561.900 

IQ                  

19 

8640 

18         .... 

1        3       327-5 

559.863 

1  8           447 

18.931 

8487.8 

17        327.8 

i        3       175-3 

550 

18           286.8 

18.598 

83.2.5 

17         152.5 

i        3        

538.641 

18            102.5 

I8.2I4 

8215.1 

i7         55-i 

I             2           340.1 

532.327 

18             

18 

8160 

17        

I            2           285 

528.759 

17            422.1 

17.880 

8102 

16       422 

I            2           227 

525 

17            36i.i 

I7.752 

7875 

16        195.1 

I            2            .... 

510.291 

17             122.4 

I7.255 

7758.7 

16         78.7 

I             I           321.2 

502.753 

17             

17 

7716.2 

1  6         36.2 

I             I           278.7 

500 

16           435-3 

16.907 

7680 

16         

I             I           242.5 

497.656 

16           397.2 

16.828 

7437-5 

'5        237.5 

I             I            .... 

481.942 

16           142.2 

16.297 

7330-4 

15         130.4 

I           •  •          330-4 

475 

16             29.6 

16.062 

7302.3 

15         102.3 

I           •  •          302.3 

473-179 

16             

16 

7200 

15         

I           .  .          2OO 

466.552 

15            3724 

15.776 

7000 

14        280 

I           

4C-I   CQ2 

15            162.1 

ic  -1-18 

6944.6 

14        274.6 

•  •       15           382.1 

Tjjoy*. 
450 

15            103.8 

*  J-JJ" 

15.216 

6845.9 

14         125.9 

.  .       15           283.4 

443.606 

15             

15 

6720 

14         .... 

I  Q            I  C7  C 

435-449 

14           347-6 

14.724 

6562.5 

'3       322.5 

.  .        IS             

425-243 

14            182 

'4-379 

6558.8 

13       318.8 

•  •     M       433-8 

425 

14            178.0 

14-371 

6389-5 

'3        '49-5 

•  •      '4        264.5 

414.032 

14            

14 

6240 

13        .... 

14.          115 

404.345 

13           322.8 

13.672 

f-   f^\     I     I      ( 


6O2 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Equivalents  of  Weights  and  Measures — Continued. 


WEIGHTS,  CUSTOMARY. 

Metric 
Weight 
and 
Measure. 

Gm.]       [Cc. 

MEASURES,  CUSTOMARY. 

Grains. 

Troy 

oz.       grains. 

Avoirdupois 
Ibs.      oz.      grains. 

Fluid 
ounces.       minims. 

Fluid- 
ounces  and 
fractions. 

6172.9 
6125 
5933-1 
5787.1 
576o 
5687-5 
5476.7 
540L3 
5280 

5250 
5020.3 

5015.5 
4812.5 
4800 

12         412.9 
12         365 

12            I73-1 
12              27.1 
12               ... 

.  .       14         47-9 
14        .... 
.  .       13       245.6 
.  .       13          99.6 
li         72.1; 

400 
396.893 
384458 
375 
373.242 
368.544 
354.884 
350 
342.138 
340.194 
325-311 
325 
311-845 
31  1-035 

'3             252.3 
13           201.8 

13         — 

12                 326.5 
12                 298 
12                 221-7 
12                  .... 
1  1                 400.7 
II                 273.1 
II                 241.6 
II                   .... 

10           475 
10           261.4 
10           248.3 

I3-526 
13.421 

13 

12.680 
12.621 
12.462 

12 

"-835 
11.570 

"•503 
II 
10.989 

10-545 
10.517 

II           407.5 
II           196.7 
II           I2I.3 
II            .... 

.  .       13        

12          226.7 
..         12          151.3 
12             ^O 

10       450 
10       220.3 
10       215.5 
10          12.5 

IO           .... 

12           .... 
II          2O7.8 
.  .          II          203 
II           .... 

IO         42? 

4629.7 
4563-9 
4375 
4320 

4244 
4107.5 

3937-5 
3858.1 
3840 

3651  -i 
3500 
3472.3 
336o 
31947 

9       399-7 
9        243.9 

9         55 
9         .... 

.  .       10       254.7 
10       188.9 

10          .... 

9       ^82  q 

300 

295-737 
283.495 
279.930 

275 
266.163 
255-146 
250 
248-828 
236.590 
226.796 
225 
217.724 
207.016 

10             69.2 

10                 .... 

9           281.3 
9           223.5 
9           143-4 
9            
301.2 
8           217.7 
8           198.6 
8             .... 
7            321.0 
7            291.9 
7            173-8 
7            

IO.I44 
IO 

9-586 
9.466 
9.299 

9 
8.628 

8-453 
8.414 
8 
7.669 
7.608 
7.362 
7 

8       404 
8        267.5 
8         97.5 
8          18.1 
8         .... 

9      306.5 
9       170 
9        .... 
-  -        8      358.1 
8       ^4.0 

7        291.1 
7        MO 
7        "2.3 
7         .... 

8       151.1 
8        

7       409.8 
7        207.1; 

6        3H-7 

7       132.2 

3086.5 
3062.5 
2880 

27384 
2700.7 
2625 
2400 

2314-9 
2282 
2187.5 
1929 
1920 
1825.6 
1750 

6       206.5 
6       182.5 
6         .... 

7         24 
7        

6      ''^i; 

200 

198.447 
186.621 
177.442 

175 

170.097 

155.517 
150 

147.869 
141.748 

"5 
124.414 
118.295 
"3-398 

6           366.1 
6           340.9 
6           149 
6            

5          440.4 
5           360.8 
5           124.1 
5             34-6 
5            
4            380.7 
4            108.8 

4             99-3 
4 

3          400.5 

6.763 
6.710 
6.310 
6 

5-9I7 

5-752 
5-259 
5.072 

5 

4-793 
4.227 
4.207 
4 
3.834 

5       338.4 
5       300.7 
5       225 
5        ... 

u         -^ 

6       113.4 
6        75.7 
6       .... 

c         ->  |->  c 

4        394-9 
4        362 
4        267.5 
4            9 
4         .... 

5       127-4 
5        94-5 
5        

4       179 
4         I7O 

4        385-6 
3        3>o 

4        75-6 
4        

AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


603 


Equivalents  of  Weights  and  Measures —  Continued. 


WEIGHTS,  CUSTOMARY. 

Metric 
Weight 

MEASURES,  CUSTOMARY. 

Grains. 

Troy 
oz.       grains. 

Avoirdupois 
Ibs.      oz.     grains. 

and 
Measure. 
Gm.]       [Cc. 

Fluid 
ounces.       minims. 

Fluid- 
ounces  and 
fractions. 

1543-2 
1440 
1388.9 
1  369.2 

1312.5 
1234.6 
1157.4 
1080.3 
960 

925.9 
912.8 

875 

3  103.2 
3  .... 

•  •        3      230.7 
-\      127.'; 

IOO 

93-3io 
90 
88.721 
85.049 
80 

75 
70 

62.207 
60 

59-147 
56.699 

3          183.1 
3           74-5 
3           20.8 
3           

2             420.4 

2            338.5 
2             257.3 
2              176.1 

2           49-7 

2                13.8 
2                .... 

I              440.3 

3.38i 
3-155 
3-043 
3 
2.876 

2-705 
2.536 
2.367 
2.103 
2.029 

2 
I.9I7 

2  428.9 
2  409.2 

2  352-5 
2  274.6 
2  197.4 
2  120-3 
2  .... 

3        76.4 
3        56.7 

2         359.6 
2         282.4 
2         205.3 
2            85 

i  445-9 
I  432.8 

i  395 

2            50.9 
-  •           2            37.8 
2          .... 

771.6 

6i7-3 
480 
463 
456.392 

437-5 
385.8 
308.6 
154-3 
I5-4324 
i 
0.9508 

i  291.6 

i  137-3 
i  .... 

I         334-1 
179-8 

42  ^ 

50 
40 

3LI035 
30 
29-574 
28.350 

25 

20 
10 

I 
0.06479 

0.06161 

331-5 
169.2 
24.8 

6.9 

460.1307 
405-8 
324.61 
162.31 
16.23 
1.0517 
i 

1.691 

1-353 
1.052 
1.014 
i 
0.959 
0.845 
0.676 

o.338 
0.034 

0.0022 
0.002  1 

25.4 
18.89 

604 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Equivalents  of  Weights  and  Measures — Continued. 
From  i  Troy  Ounce  down. 


Metric 

Metric 

Weight 

Minims 

Weight 

Minims 

Grains. 

and 

(of  Water 

Grains. 

and 

(of  Water 

Measure. 

at  4°  C.). 

Measure. 

at4°C.). 

Gm.]         [Cc. 

Gm.]        [Cc. 

480          [l  § 

3I-I03 

504.8 

240         [43 

i5-55i 

252.4 

478.4 

3i 

503.1 

23I-5 

IS 

243-4 

4754 

30.805 

500 

228.2 

14.786 

240 

463.0 

30 

486.9 

218.75  Ci£; 

H.I75 

230.1 

456.4 

29-573 

480 

216.  i 

14 

227.2 

45° 

29-I59 

473-3 

2IO 

13.607 

220.9 

447-5 

29 

470.7 

2OO.6 

13 

211 

437-5    [lei' 

28.350 

460.1 

199.7 

12.938 

210 

432  -1 

28 

454-4 

185.2 

12 

194.8 

427.9 

27.724 

450 

420         [73 

27.214 

441.7 

180         [3  3 

11.663 

189.3 

416.7 

27 

438.2 

171.1 

II.O9O 

1  8O 

401.2 

26 

422 

169.8 

II 

178.5 

399-3 

25.876 

420 

154-3 

IO 

162.3 

390 

25.271 

410.2 

150 

9.719 

157-8 

385.8 

25 

405-7 

142.6 

9.241 

150 

38o.3 

24.644 

400 

138.9 

9 

146.1 

370.8 

24.028 

390 

123-5 

8 

129.8 

370-4 

24 

389.5 

360       [63 

23-327 

378.6 

I2O             [23 

7-775 

126.2 

354-9 

23 

373-3 

II4.I 

7-393 

120 

342.3 

22.180 

360 

109-37  Li  11 

7.088 

II5.9 

339-5 

22 

357-1 

108.0 

7 

II3.6 

330 

21.383 

347-1 

IOO 

6.480 

105.2 

324-1 

21 

340.8 

95.1 

6.161 

IOO 

3'3-8 

20.331 

330 

92.6 

6 

97-4 

308.6 

2O 

324.6 

80 

5.184 

84.1 

77.2 

5 

81.1 

76.1 

4.928 

80 

61.7 

4 

64.9 

300       [5  3 

19440 

3*5-5 

60         [i3 

3.888 

63-1 

293.2 

19 

308.4 

57-o 

3.696 

60 

285.2 

18.483 

300 

54.69  [i  11] 

3-544 

57-5 

277.8 

18 

292.1 

47-5 

3.080 

So 

270 

17-495 

284.0 

50 

3.240 

52.6 

262.3 

17 

275-9 

46.3 

3 

48-7 

256.7 

16.635 

270 

42.8 

2.772 

45 

246.9 

10 

259.7 

40 

2.592 

42.1 

38-0 

2.464 

40 

33-3 

2.156 

35 

30-9 

2 

32-5 

AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


005 


Equivalents  of  Weights  and  Measures. —  Continued. 


Continuation  of  Table  of  Equivalents 

Equivalents  of  Weights  from  5  Grains 

from  i  Troy  Ounce  down. 

down. 

Metric 

8 

GRAINS 

Weight 

Minims 

Grains. 

and 
Measure. 

(of  Water 
at4°C.). 

Grammes. 

in 
decimal 
fractions. 

in  common 
fractions 
(approximate)  . 

Gm.]       [Cc. 

0.324 

5 

5 

30        [i3 

28.5 
23-8 

•944 
.848 
.540 

30 
25 

0.291 
0.259 
0.226 

4-5 
4 
3-5 

4* 

ao 

.296 

2I.O 

0.194 

3 

3 

19.0 

.232 

20 

0.162 

2-5 

2* 

i5-4324 

l6.23 

0.130 

2 

2 

0.097 

1-5 

ii 

0.065 

I 

i 

14-3 

0.972 
0.924 

15.9 
15 

0.06  1 

0.94 

H 

M 

0.907 

14.7 

0.060 

0-93 

A 

13-3 
13 
12.4 

0.862 
0.842 
0.801 

14 
13-7 
13 

0.057 
o-053 

0.88 
0.82 

H 

12 

0-775 

12.6 

0.050 

0.77 

$ 

11.4 

0-739 

12 

0.049 

0.76 

H 

ii 

0.713 
0.678 

11.6 
ii 

0.045 
0.040 

0.69 
0.62 

tt 

H 

0.036 

0.56 

rV 

10 

0.648 

-    £•  .  £L 

10.5 

0.032 

0-5 

Vz 

9-5 
9 

O.OIO 

0.583 

IO 

9-5 

0.028 

0-43 

A 

8.6 

0-554 

9 

0.025 

0-39 

i 

8 

0.518 

8.4 

0.024 

0-37 

a 

8 

7-7 
7.6 

0.5 

0-493 

,i 
8 

0.020 

0.31 

A 

7 

0-454 

7-4 

0.016 

0.24 

%. 

6-7 

0.431 

7 

O.OI2 

0.18 

~16 

6 

0.389 

6-3 

0.008 

O.I2 

% 

5-7 

0.370 

6 

0.004 

O.o6 

A 

0.0032 

O.O5 

A 

5 

0.324 

5-3 

0.0027 

O.O4 

A 

4.8 

0.308 

5 

0.0022 

0.033 

aV 

3-8 
3 

0.259 
0.246 
0.194 

4.2 
4 
3-2 

O.OOlS 

0.0016 

O.O28 
0.025 

* 

2.9 

0.185 

3 

0.0013 

O.O2 

A 

2 

0.130 

2.1 

O.OOII 

0.017 

A 

1.9 
I 
0.9508 

0.123 
0.065 
0.06161 

2 

I.05I7 

I 

0.001 

0.0006 

O.OI5 
O.OI 

A 

ToTT 

0.0005 

0.008 

rfl 

0.0004 

0.0065 

rfa 

0.0003 

0.005 

iH 

O.OOO2 

0.003 

720 

0.0001 

0.0015 

*u 

6o6 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE    AMERICAN    INSTITUTE. 


Table  of  Atomic  Weights. 

According  to  L.  Meyer  and  K.  Seubert. 


Names  of  elements  occurring  in  pharmacopeial  and  medicinal  chemicals,  or 
in  reagents  used  for  pharmacopeial  tests,  are  distinguished  by  the  sign  t  placed 
after  them. 


Name. 

Symbol. 

Atomic 
Weight. 

Name. 

Symbol. 

Atomic 
Weight. 

Aluminum  t  •    .    •    • 
Antimony  t    •    •    •    • 

Al 

Sb 

27.04 
IIQ.6 

Molybdenum  t   .    . 
Nickel  

Mo 

Ni 

95-9 
58.6 

Arsenic  t    •   •       •   • 

As 

74.0 

Nitrogen  t   •   •    . 

N 

M.OI 

Barium  t    

Ba 

Il6.Q 

Osmium  ... 

Os 

IQO.3 

Beryllium1     .... 

Be 

9.03 

Oxygen  t  

O 

15.96 

Bismuth  t  •   •    • 

Bi 

2O8.  Q 

Palladium    . 

Pd 

IO6.15 

Boron  t  

B 

IO.Q 

Phosphorus  t  . 

P 

10.06 

Bromine  t  •    •   •    «   • 

Br 

7Q.76 

Platinum  t  .... 

Pt 

1  04.1 

Cadmium  ..... 

Cd 

III.  «S 

Potassium  t 

K 

OQ.O7 

Caesium  

Cs 

132.7 

Rhodium     .... 

Rh 

IO2.9 

Calcium  t  

Ca 

•aq.Ol 

Rubidium    .... 

Rb 

85.2 

Carbon  t    

c 

II.  07 

Ruthenium 

Ru 

IOI.4 

Cerium  t    

Ce 

I1Q.Q 

Samarium    . 

Sm 

I4Q.62 

Chlorine  t  

Cl 

•a<;.'57 

Scandium    .... 

Sc 

4Q.Q7 

Chromium  t  .    .    .    . 
Cobaltt  

Cr 
Co 

52-0 
58.6 

Selenium     .... 
Silicon  t   .   •       • 

Se 
Si 

78.87 
28.3 

Columbium  2     ... 

Cb 

Q^.7 

Silver  t     ... 

Ag 

IO7.66 

Copper  t     

Cu 

61.  18 

Sodium  t     • 

Na 

2^.O 

Didymium3  .... 
Erbium  ...... 

Di 
Er 

142.0 

Strontium  t     ... 
Sulphur  t 

Sr 
c 

87-3 

Fluorine     

F 

19  o 

Tantalum 

Ta 

182  o 

Gallium      

Ga 

60  o 

Tellurium 

Te 

Germanium  .... 

Ge 

72.1 

Terbium  

Tb 

ICQ.  I 

Goldt     

Au 

106  7 

Thallium 

Tl 

Hydrogen!    .... 

H 

I.O 

Thorium  

Th 

211.  0 

Indium  

In 

1  1  1.6 

Tint      .... 

Sn 

118  8 

Iodine  t     

I 

Ti 

Iridium  

Ir 

IQ2   C 

Tungsten 

r8->    K 

Iron  t  

Fe 

SS.88 

Uranium 

u 

o->8  a 

Lanthanum  .... 
Leadt     

La 
Pb 

138.2 

Vanadium   .... 

V 

Vh 

5I-I 

Li 

7,OI 

Yttrium    .    . 

Yt 

88  9 

Magnesium  t    •    •    • 

Mg 

24.^ 

Zinc  t    .   •   • 

Zn 

fie    T 

Manganese  t     .    .    . 
Mercury  t  

Mn 
He 

54-8 

TOO   8 

Zirconium    .... 

Zr 

90.4 

1  Also  called  Glucinum,  Gl  =  9.03. 
4  Also  called  Niobium,  Nb  =  93-7. 


3  Composed  of  Neo-  and  Praseo-Didymium. 


LIST  OF  MEDICINES  AND  PRONUNCIATION. 


Abies  canadensis 
Abies  nigra 
Absinthium 
Acalypha  indica 
Acidum  aceticum 
Acidum  benzoicum 
Acidum  boracicum 
Acidum  carbolicum 
Acidum  chromicum 
Acidum  citricum 
Acidum  formicum 
Acidum  gallicum 
Acidum  hydrocyanicum 
Acidum  hydrofluoricum 
Acidum  lacticum 
Acidum  muriaticum 
Acidum  nitricum 
Acidum  nitro-muriaticum 
Acidum  oxalicutn 
Acidum  phosphoricum 
Acidum  picricum 
Acidum  salicylicum 
Acidum  sulphuricum 
Acidum  tannicum 
Acidum  tartaricum 
Aconitum  napellus 
Aconitum  e  radice 
Actaea  racemosa 
Actaea  spicata 
Adonis  vernalis 
jEsculus  glabra 
^Esculus  hippocastanum 
jEthusa  cynapium 
Agaricus  muscarius 
Agaricus  emeticus 
Agave  americana 
Agnus  castus 
Agrostemma  githago 
Ailanthus  glandulosus 
Aletris  farinosa 


a'bi-ez  kan-a-d6n'sls 
a'bl-ez  nl'gra 
ab-sln'thl-um 
a-kal'I-fa  in'di-ka 
as'Id-um  a-se'ti-kum 
as'Id-um  bgn-zo'I-kum 
as'Id-um  bo-ras'I-kum 
as'Id-um  kar-bol'I-kum 
as'Id-um  kro'ml-kum 
as'Id-um  slt-rl-kum 
as'Id-um  f6r'ml-kum 
as'Id-um  gal'H-kum 
as'Id-um  hl-dro-si-an'I-kum 
as'Id-um  hi-dro-flu-6r'I-kum 
as-Id-urn  lak'tl-kum 
as-Id-urn  mu-rl-at'I-kum 
as-Id-um  m'trl-kum 
as'Id-um  ni-tro-mu-rl-at'I-kum 
as'Id-um  6x-al'I-kum 
as'Id-um  f6s-f6r'I-kum 
as'Id-um  plk'rl-kum 
as'Id-um  sal-l-sll'l-kum 
as'Id-um  sul-fu'rl-kum 
as'Id-um  tan'nl-kiam 
as'Id-um  tar-tar'I-kum 
ak-o-ni'tum  na-pel'lus 
ak-o-ni'tum  e  ra-di'se 
[See  Cimicifuga  racemosa] 
ak-te'a  spl-ka'ta 
a-do'nls  ver-na'lls 
es'ku-lus  gla'bra 
Ss'ku-lus  hip-po-kas'ta-num 
e-thu'sa  sl-na'pl-um 
a-gar'I-kus  mus-ka'rl-us 
a-gar'I-kus  e-mfit'I-kus 
a-ga've  a-mer-I-ka'na 
ag'nus  kas'tus 
ag-ro-st£m'ma  jl-tha'go 
a-lan'tus  glan-du-lo'sus 
al'e-trls  far-T-no'sa 


Page 
Si 
52 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
56 
57 
58 
59 
59 
.60 
61 
62 
62 

63 
64 
65 
66 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 

7i 
72 

73 
74 
75 
75 
76 
77 
78 

79 
80 
81 
Si 
82 


6o8 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Allium  cepa 

Allium  sativum 

Alnus  serrulata 

Aloe  socotrina 

Alstonia  scholaris 

Althaea  officinalis 

Alumen 

Alumina 

Aluminium  metallicum 

Ambra  grisea 

Ambrosia  artemisiasfolia 

Ammoniacum  gummi 

Ammonium  aceticum 

Ammonium  benzoicum 

Ammonium  bromatum 

Ammonium  carbonicum 

Ammonium  causticum 

Ammonium  iodatum 

Ammonium  muriaticum 

Ammonium  nitricum 

Ammonium  phosphoricum 

Ammonium  picricum 

Ammonium  valerianicum 

Ampelopsis  quinquefolia 

Amygdalus  amara 

Amyl  nitrosum 

Anacardium  orientale 

Anagallis  arvensis 

Anatherum  muricatum 

Angustura 

Anilinum 

Anilinum  sulphuricum 

Anthemis  nobilis 

Anthoxanthum  odoratum 

Antimonium  arsenicicum 

Antimonium  crudum 

Antimonium  iodatum 

Antimonium  oxydatum 

Antimonium  sulphuratum  auratum 

Apis  mellifica 

Apis  virus 

Apocynum  androsaemifolium 

Apocynum  cannabinum 

Apomotphinum  muriaticum 

Aralia  quinquefolia 


al'll-um  se'pa 

al'll-um  sa'ti'vum 

al'nus  ser-ru-la'ta 

al'o-e  so-ko-tri'na 

al-sto'nl-a  sko-la'rls 

al-the'a  of-fls-l-na'lls 

a-lu'men 

a-lu'ml-na 

a-lu-mm'I-um  me-tal'll-kum 

am'bra  grlzh'e-a 

am-bro'zhe-a  ar-te-mlzh'e-e-fo'll-a 

am-mo-ni'a-kum  gum'ml 

am-mo'ni-um  a-se'tl-kum 

am-mo'nl-um  ben-zo'I-kum 

am-mo'nr-um  bro-ma'tum 

am-mo'nl-um  kar-bon'I-kum 

am-mo'nl-um  kaw'stl-kum 

am-mo'nl-um  i-o-da'tum 

am-mo'nii-um  mu-rt-at'I-kum 

am-mo'nl-um  nT'trT-kum 

am-mo'nl-um  fos-for'I-kum 

am-mo'nl-um  plik'rif-kum 

am-mo'nl-um  va-le-rf-an'I-kum 

am-pel-6p'sls  quin-que-fo'll-a 

a-mlg'da-lus  a-ma'ra 

am'yl  nT-tro'sum 

an-a-kar'dl-um  6-ri-en-ta'le 

Sn-a-gal'lls  ar-ven'sls 

an-the'rum  mu-rl-ka'tum 

an-gus-tu'ra 

an-l-ll'num 

an-Mi'num  sul-fu'rl-kum 

Sn'the-mTs  no'bMKs 

an-thox-an'thum  6-do-ra'tum 

an-tT-mo'nl-um  ar-sen-Is'I-kum 

an-tl-mo'nl-um  kroo'dum 

an-tT-mo'ni-um  I-o-da'tum 

Sn-tlf-mo'nl-um  6x-I-da'tum 

an-tl-mo'nl-um  sul-fu-ra'tum  au-ra'tum 

a'pls  mel-llf'1-ka 

a'pls  vl'rus 

a-pos'I-num  an-dro-se-ml-fo'll-um 

a-p8s'I-num  kan-na-bi'num 

ap-o-mor-fi'num  mu-rT-at'I-kum 

a-ra'll-a  qum-que-fo'll-a 


83 
84 

85 
86 

87 
88 

89 
90 
90 
9i 
91 
92 

93 
94 
94 
95 
95 
96 
96 

97 
98 

98 
99 
99 

100 
IOI 
IO2 
103 
104 
105 

106 

107 
107 

108 
109 
109 
no 
no 
in 
in 
"3 
"3 
114 

"5 
116 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


609 


Aralia  racemosa 

Aranea  diadema 

Argentum  cyanatum 

Argentum  iodatum 

Argentum  metalhcum 

Argentum  muriaticum 

Argentum  nitricum 

Argentum  oxydatum 

Argentum  phosphoricum 

Aristolochia  milhomens 

Aristolochia  serpentaria 

Arnica  montana 

Arnica  montana  e  radice 

Arsenicum  album 

Arsenicum  hydrogenatum 

Arsenicum  iodatum 

Arsenicum  metallicum 

Arsenicum  sulphuratum  flavum 

Arsenicum  sulphuratum  rubrum 

Artemesia  abrotanum 

Artemesia  absinthium 

Artemesia  vulgaris 

Arum  dracontium 

Arum  maculatum 

Arum  triphyllum 

Asafoetida 

Asarum  canadense 

Asarum  europaeum 

Asclepias  incarnata 

Asclepias  syriaca 

Asclepias  tuberosa 

Asimina  triloba 

Asparagus  officinalis 

Asterias  rubens 

Athamanta  oreoselinum 

Atropinum 

Atropinum  sulphuricum 

Aurum  metallicum 

Aurum  muriaticum 

Aurum  muriaticum  natronatum 

Aurum  sulphuratum 

Avena  sativa 

Badiaga 

Balsamum  peruvianum 


a-ra'll-a  ras-e-mo'sa  1 17 

a-ra'ne-a  di-a-de'ma  117 

ar-jgn'tum  sl-an-a'tiim  118 

ar-jgn'tum  i-o-da'tum  119 

ar-jgn'tum  mg-tal'll-kum  119 

ar-jgn'tum  mu-rl-at'I-kum  120 

ar-jgn'tum  ni'trl-kum  120 

ar-jgn'tum  ox-I-da'tum  121 

ar-jgn'tum  fos-f6r'I-kum  121 

ar-Is-to'lo'kl-a  mll'ho-menz  122 

ar-Is-to-lo'kl-a  sur-pgn-ta'rl-a  123 

ar'nl-ka  mSn-ta'na  124 

ar'nl-ka  mon-ta'na  e  ra-di'se  125 

ar-se"n'I-kum  al'bum  126 

ar-sgn'I-kum  hl-dro-je'n-a'tum  127 

ar-s^n'I-kum  I-o-da'tum  127 

ar-se"n'I-kum  mg-tal'li-kum  128 

ar-sgn'I-kum  sul-fu-ra'tum  fla'vum  128 

ar-s^n'I-kum  sul-fu-ra'tum  roo'brum  129 

ar-te-mlzh'e-a  a-brot'a-num  129 
[See  Absinthium] 

ar-te-mlzh'e-a  vul-ga'rls  130 

a'rum  dra-kon'she-um  131 

a'rum  mak-yu-la'tum  132 

a'rum  tri-fil'lum  133 

as'a-fgt'-I-da  134 

as'a-rum  kan-a-den'se  135 

as'a-rum  yu-ro-pe'um  136 

as-kle'pl-as  In-kar-na'ta  137 

as-kle'pl-as  sl-ri'a-ka  138 

as-kle'pl-as  tu-be-ro'sa  139 

a-slm'1-na  tri'lo-ba  140 

as-par'a-gus  of-fts-l-na'lls  141 

as-te'rl-as  roo'bgnz  142 

ath-a-man'ta  5-re-o-se-lI'num  142 

at-ro-pT'num  143 

at-ro-pT'num  sul-fu'rl-kum  144 

au'rum  mg-tal'll-kum  145 

au'rum  mu-rl-at'I-kum  145 

au'rum  mu-rl-at'I-kum  na-tr6-na'tum  146 

au'rum  sul-fu-ra'tum  146 

a-ve'na  sa-ti'va  147 

bad-I-a'ga  148 

bal'sa-mum  pe-roo-vl-a'num  148 


6io 


THE  PHARMACOPEIA  OF  THE 


Baptisia  tinctoria 
Barosma  crenata 
Barosma  serratifolia 
Baryta  acetica 
Baryta  carbonica 
Baryta  iodata 
Baryta  muriatica 
Bebeerinum  sulphuricum 
Belladonna 
Bellis  perennis 
Benzinum  nitricum 
Benzoinum 
Berberinum 
Berberis  aquifolium 
Berberis  vulgaris 
Bismuthum  oxydatum 
Bismuthum  sub-nitricum 
Borax 
Bovista 

Brachyglottis  repens 
Branca  ursina 
Bromium 
Brucinum 
Bryonia  alba 

Cactus  grandiflorus 
Cadmium  sulphuratum 
Cadmium  sulphuricum 
Caffeinum 
Cainca 

Caladium  seguinum 
Calcarea  acetica 
Calcarea  arsenicica 
Calcarea  bromata 
Calcarea  carbonica 
Calcarea  caustica 
Calcarea  fluorata 
Calcarea  hypophosphorica 
Calcarea  iodata 
Calcarea  muriatica 
Calcarea  oxalica 
Calcarea  phosphorica 
Calcarea  sulphurica 
Calendula  officinalis 
Calotropis  gigantea 


bap-ttzh'e-a  tlnk-t5'rl-a 
ba-roz'ma  kre-na'ta 
ba-roz'ma  sgr-rat-l-fo'll-a 
ba-ri'ta  a-se'tl-ka 
ba-ri'ta  kar-bon'f-ka 
ba-ri'ta  i-o-da'ta 
ba-ri'ta  mu-rf-at'I-ka 
be-be  rl'num  sul-fu'rl-kum 
bel-la-don'na 
bel-lls  per-en'nls 
ben-zi'num  m'trf-kum 
ben-zo-I'num 
bur-be-ri'num 
bur'be-rls  a-qul-fo'll-um 
bur'be-rls  vul-ga'rls 
blz-mu'thum  6x-I-da'tum 
btz-mu'thum  sub-ni'trl-kum 
bo 'rax 
bo-vls'ta 

brak-I-glot'tls  re'penz 
brang'ka  ur-si'na 
bro'ml-um 
broo-sT'num 
bri-6'ne-a  al'ba 

kak'tus  gran-dl-flo'rus 
kad'ml-iani  sul-fu-ra'tum 
kad'ml-um  sul-fu'rl-kum 
kaf-fe-T'num 
ka-m'ka 

ka-la'dl-um  se-gui'num 
kal-ka're-a  a-se'tl-ka 
kal-ka're-a  ar-sen-Is'1-ka 
kal-ka're-a  bro-ma'ta 
kal-ka're-a  kar-bon'I-ka 
kal-ka're-a  kaw'stl-ka 
kal-ka're-a  floo-o-ra'ta 
kal-ka're-a  hI-po-fos-f6rT-ka 
kal-ka're-a  i-o-da'ta 
kal-ka're-a  mu-rl-at'I-ka 
kal-ka're-a  ox-al'I-ka 
kal-ka're-a  fos-£6r'I-ka 
kal-ka're-a  sul-fu'rl-ka 
ka-lgn'du-la  6f-fls-I-na'Ws 
ka-16t'ro-pls  jl-gan-te'a 


149 
150 
151 
152 
152 


156 
156 

157 
158 
158 

i59 
160 
161 
161 
162 
162 

163 
164 
165 
165 

166 
167 
168 

168 
169 
170 
170 
171 
171 
172 
172 
i?3 
i74 
174 
175 
175 
176 
176 

»77 
178 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


Caltha  palustris 

Camphora 

Camphora  monobromata 

Canna  angustifolia 

Cannabis  indica 

Cannabis  sat  i  va 

Cantharis 

Capsicum  annuum 

Carbo  animalis 

Carbo  vegetabilis 

Carbonium  sulphuratum 

Carduus  benedictus 

Carduus  marianus 

Carya  alba 

Cascara  sagrada 

Cascarilla 

Castanea  vesca 

Castoreum 

Caulophyllum  thalictroides 

Causticum 

Ceanothus  americanus 

Cedron 

Cephalanthus  occidentalis 

Cereus  bonplandii 

Cerium  oxalicum 

Chamomilla 

Chelidonium  majus 

Chelone  glabra 

Chenopodium  anthelminticum 

Chimaphila  umbellata 

Chininum  arsenicicum 

Chininum  arsenicosum 

Chininum  muriaticum 

Chininum  purum 

Chininum  sulphuficum 

Chionanthus  virginica 

Chlorinum 

Chrysarobinum 

Chicorium  intybus 

Cicuta  maculata 

Cicuta  virosa 

Cimicifuga  racemosa 

Cina 

Cinchona  officinalis 

Cinchoninum  sulphuricum 


kal'tha  pa-lus'trts 

kam-fo'ra 

kam-fo'ra  m6n-o-bro-ma'ta 

kan'na  an-gus-tl-fo'll-a 

kan'na-bls  In'dl-ka 

kan'na-bls  sa-ti'va 

kan'tha-rls 

kap'sl-kum  an'nu-um 

kar'bo  an-l-ma'lls 

kar'bo  vgj-gt-ab'Mls 

kar-bo'nl-um  sul-fu-ra'tum 

kar'du-us  b£n-£-d!k'tus 

kar'du-us  mar-I-a'nus 

ka'rl-a  al'ba 

[See  Rhamnus  purshiana] 

kas-ka-rll'la 

kas-ta'ne-a  vgs'ka 

kas-to're-um 

kaw-lo-fll-lum  thal-Ik-troi'dez 

kaw'stl-kum 

se-an-o'thus  a-mSr-I-ka'niis 

se'drdn 

sgf-al-an'thus  Sk-sl-d6n-ta'lls 

se're-us  bon-pland'f-I 

se'ri-um  6x-al'I-kum 

kam-o-mll'la 

k^l-I-do'nl-um  ma'jus 

kg-lo'-ne  gla'bra 

ke"n-o-po'dl-um  an-th^l-mln'tl-kum 

klm-afr-la  um-b6l-la'ta 

kl-nl'num  ar-se"n-IsT-kum 

kT-m'num  ar-sSn-I-ko'sum 

kl-nl'num  mu-rl-at'I-kum 

kl-ni'num  pu'rum 

kl-nl'num  sul-fu'rl-kum 

ki-o-nan'thus  vur-jm'!-ka 

kl5-ri'num 

krls-ar-o-bl '  nu  m 

slk-o'ri-um  In'tl-bus 

slk-u'ta  mak-yu-la'ta 

slk-u'ta  vl-ro'sa 

slm-t-slf'u-ga  ras-e-mo'sa 

sl'na 

slnk-o'na  6£-£ls-I-na'lIs 

slnk-o-m'num  sul-fu'rl-kum 


179 
179 
1 80 
181 
181 
182 
183 
184 
185 
186 
1 86 
187 
188 
189 

189 
190 
191 
192 

193 
194 

195 
195 
196 

197 
»97 
198 
199 
200 
20 1 
202 
203 
203 
204 
204 
205 
206 
207 
208 
209 

2IO 
211 
212 

213 
214 


6l2 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Cinnamomum 

sm-na-mo'mum 

215 

Cirsium  arvense 

sur'she-um  ar-ven'se 

215 

Cistus  canadense 

sls'tus  kan-a-den'se 

216 

Clematis  erecta 

klem'a-tls  e-rek'ta 

217 

Cobaltum  metallicum 

ko-bal'tum  me-tal'll-kum 

218 

Coca 

[See  Erythoxylon  coca] 

Cocainum  muriaticum 

ko-ka-I'num  mu-rl-at'I-kum 

-     219 

Cocculus  indicus 

kok'u-lus  In'dl-kus 

219 

Coccus  cacti 

kok'kus  kak'tl 

220 

Cochlearia  armoracia 

kok-le-a're-a  ar-mo-ra'she-a 

221 

Codeinum 

ko-de-i'num 

222 

Coffea  cruda 

kof'fe-a  kroo'da 

223 

Colchicum  autumnale 

kol'kl-kum  au-tum-na'le 

223 

Collinsonia  canadensis 

kol-lm-s6'n!-a  kan-a-den'sls 

225 

Colocynth 

kol'o-smth 

226 

Comocladia  dentata 

ko-mo-kla'dl-a  den-ta'ta 

227 

Conium  maculatum 

ko-m'um  mak-yu-la'tum 

228 

Convallaria  majalis 

kon-val-la'rl-a  ma-ja'lls 

229 

Convolvulus  duartinus 

kon-vol'vu-lus  du-ar-tl'nus 

229 

Copaiba  officinalis 

ko-pa'ba  6f-£fs-I-na'lIs 

230 

Corallium  rubrum 

kd-ral'll-um  roo'brum 

231 

Coriaria  ruscifolia 

ko-rl-a'rr-a  rus-sl-fo'll-a 

232 

Cornus  circinata 

kor'nus  sur-sl-na'ta 

232 

Cornus  florida 

kor'mls  flor'I-da 

233 

Cornus  sericea 

kor'nus  ser-Ish'e-a 

234 

Cotyledon  umbilicus 

kot-I-le'don  um-bfl-I'kus 

235 

Creosotum 

kre-o-so'tum 

236 

Crocus  sativus 

kro'kus  sa-ti'vus 

237 

Cro  talus    . 

krot'a-lus 

238 

Croton  tiglium 

kro'ton  tlg'll-um 

239 

Cubeba  officinalis 

ku-be'ba  of-frs-l-na'lls 

239 

Cundurango 

kun-du-rang'go 

24O 

Cuprum  aceticum 

ku'prum  a-se'tl-kum 

241 

Cuprum  arsenicosum 

ku'prum  ar-s6n-I-k6'sum 

242 

Cuprum  carbonicum 

ku'prum  kar-bon'I-kum 

242 

Cuprum  metallicum 

ku'prum  me-tal'll-kum 

243 

Cuprum  sulphuricum 

ku'prum  sul-fu'rl-kum 

243 

Curare 

ku-rah're 

244 

Cyclamen  europaeum 

slk'la-mgn  yu-ro-pe'um 

245 

Cypripedium  pubescens 

slp-rl-pe'dl-um  pu-bfis's6nz 

246 

Daphne  indica 

daf'ne  Tn'dl-ka 

247 

Datura  arborea 

da-tu'ra  ar-bo're-a 

247 

Dictamnus  albus 

dlk-tam'nus  al'bus 

248 

Digitalis  purpurea 

dlj-I-ta'Hs  pur-pu're-a 

249 

AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


613 


Dioscorea  villosa 

dl-6s-ko're-a  vll-lo'sa 

250 

Dirca  palustris 

dur'ka  pa-lus'trls 

251 

Dolichos  pruriens 

dol'I-k6s  proo'rl-e"nz 

252 

Drosera  rotundifolia 

dros'e-ra  ro-tun-dl-fo'll-a 

253 

Duboisia  myoporoides 

du-b6i'sl-a  ml-o-po-roi'dez 

254 

Dulcamara 

dul-ka-ma'ra 

255 

Elaps  corallinus 

e'laps  kor-al-H'nus 

256 

Elaterium 

el-a-te'rl-um 

257 

Epigaea  repens 

ep.i-je'a  re'pSnz 

258 

Epiphegus  virgiana 

gp-l-fe'gus  vur-jln-l-a'na 

258 

Equisetum  hyemale 

e"k-wl-'se'tum  hl-e-ma'le 

259 

Erechthites  hieracifolia 

gr-£k-thl'tez  hl-e-ras-l-fo'll-a 

260 

Erigeron  canadense 

6r-Ij'e-ron  kan-a-d^n'se 

261 

Eriodictyon  glutinosum 

Sr-I-o-dlk'tl-on  gloo-tln-o'sum 

262 

Eryngium  aquaticum 

Sr-In'jI-um  a-quat'I-kum 

263 

Eryngium  maritimum 

gr-ln'jl-um  ma-rlt'I-mum 

264 

Erythrophlaeum  judiciale 

6r-Ith-ro-fle'um  joo-dlsh-I-a'le 

264 

Erythroxylon  coca 

gr-Ith-r6x'M6n  ko'ka 

265 

Eserinum 

e's-e'r-i'num 

266 

Eucalyptus  globulus 

yu-ka-llp'tus  g!6b'u-lus 

267 

Eugenia  jambos 

yu-je'nl-a  jam'bos 

267 

Euonymus  atropurpureus 

yu-6n'I-mus  at-ro-pur-pu're-us 

268 

Euonymus  europasus 

yu-6n'I-mus  yu-ro-pe'us 

269 

Eupatorium  aromaticum 

yu-pa-to'rl-um  ar-o-mat'I-kum 

270 

Eupatorium  perfoliatum 

yu-pa-to'rl-um  pur-fo-H-a'tum 

270 

Eupalorium  purpureum 

yu-pa-to'rl-um  pur-pu're-um 

271 

Euphorbia  corollata 

yu-{5r'b!-a  cor-61-la'ta 

272 

Euphorbia  hypericifolia 

yu-f6r'bl-a  hi-pSr-Is-I-fo'll-a 

273 

Euphorbium  officinarum 

yu-£6r'bl-um  6f-fIs-I-na'rum 

274 

Euphrasia  officinalis 

yu-fra'zhe-a  6f-fls-l-na'lls 

275 

Eupion 

yu'pl-6n 

276 

Fagopyrum  esculentum 

fag-o-pl'rum  e"s-ku-l6n'tum 

276 

Ferrum  aceticum 

f^r'rum  a-se'tl-kum 

277 

Ferrum  arsenicicum 

fgr'rum  ar-sSn-Is'I-kum 

278 

Ferrum  bromatum 

fgr'rum  bro-ma'tum 

278 

Ferrum  carbonicum 

fgr'rum  kar-b6n'I-kum 

279 

Ferrum  iodatum 

fgr'rum  i-o-da'tum 

280 

Ferrum  lacticum 

fgr'riim  lak'tt-kum 

281 

Ferrum  magneticum 

fSr'rum  mag-ngt'I-kum 

281 

Ferrum  metallicum 

feY'rum  me-tal'll-kum 

282 

Ferrum  muriaticum 

fgr'rum  mu-rl-at'I-kum 

283 

Ferrum  phosphoricum 

fgr'rum  fos-f6r'I-kum 

284 

Ferrum  sulphuricum 

fdr'rum  sul-fu'rl-kum 

285 

Ferri  et  quininas  citras 

ffir'ri  6t  kwl-nl'ne  slt'ras 

285 

614 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Ferri  et  strychninas  citras 
Filix  mas 
Fragaria  vesca 
Frasera  carolinensis 
Fucus  vesiculosus 

Gambogia 

Gaultheria  procumbens 

Gelsemium  sempervirens 

Genista  tinctoria 

Gentiana  cruciata 

Gentiana  lutea 

Geranium  maculatum 

Geranium  robertianum 

Geum  urbanum 

Glonoinum 

Gnaphalium  polycephalum 

Gnaphalium  uliginosum 

Gossypium  herbaceum 

Granatum 

Graphites 

Gratiola  officinalis 

Grindelia  robusta 

Grindelia  squarrosa 

Guaco 

Guaiacum  officinale 

Guarea  trichiloides 

Gymnocladus  canadensis 

Haematoxylon  campechianum 
Hamamelis  virginica 
Hecla  lava 

Hedeoma  pulegioides 
Hedysarum  ildefonsianum 
Helianthus  annuus 
Heliotropium  peruvianum 
Helleborus  fcetidus 
Helleborus  niger 
Helonias  dioica 
Hepar  sulphuris  calcareum 
Hepatica  triloba 
Hydrangea  arborescens 
Hydrastinum 
Hydras tis  canadensis 
Hydrocotyle  asiatica 
Hydrophyllum  virginicum 


fer'ri  et  strlck-nl'ne  slt'ras  286 

fi'llx  mas  287 

fra-ga'rl-a  ves'ka  287 

fra'ze-ra  kar-o-ll-nen'sls  288 

fu'kus  ves-Ik-u-lo  sus  289 

gam-bo 'jf-a  290 

gaul-the'rl-a  pro-kum'bSnz  291 

jel-se'ml-um  sem-per-vl'renz  292 

je-nls'ta  tlnk-to'ri-a  293 

jen-she-a'na  croo-she-a'ta  294 

jen-she-a'na  lu'te-a  295 

je-ra'nf-um  mak-yu-la'tum  295 

je-ra-nl-um  ro-bur-she-a'num  296 

je'um  ur-ba'num  297 

glon-o-i'num  298 

na-fa'H-um  pol-T-sef'a-lum  299 

na-fa'll-um  yu-lfj-I-no'sum  300 

gos-slp't-um  her-ba'she-um  300 

gra-na'tum  301 

graf'I-tez  302 

gra-tl'o-la  of-fis-I-na'Hs  303 

grln-de'll-a  ro-bus'ta  304 

grm-de'W-a  skwar-ro'sa  304 

gua'ko  305 

gua'ya-kum  6f-fIs-I-na'le  306 

gua're-a  tri-kMoi'dez  307 

jlm-nok'la-dus  kan-a-den'sls  308 

he-ma-tox'M6n  kam-pek-I-a'num  309 

ham-a-me'lls  vur-j!n'I'ka  309 

Hek-la  la'va  310 

he-de-6'ma  pu-lej-I-oi'dez  311 

he-dls'a-rum  Il-de-fon-sl-a'num  312 

he-ll-an'thus  an'nu-us  312 

he-ll-o-tro'pl-um  pe-roo-vl-a'num  313 

hel-leb'o-rus  fet'I-dus  314 

hel-leb'o-rus  ni'jer  315 

he-lo'nf-as  dl-oi'ka  316 

he'par  sul'fu-rls  kal-ka're-um  317 

he-pat'I-ka  tri'lo-ba  318 

hl-dran'je-a  ar-bo-r6s'sSnz  318 

hi-dras-tl'mlm  319 

hi-dras'tls  kan-a-den'sls  320 

hi-dro-kot'I-le  a-she-at'I-ka  321 

hl-dro-fll'lum  vur-jln'1-kum  322 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMCEOPATHY. 


6is 


Hyoscyamus  niger 

hl-6s-sl'a-mus  ni-jer 

323 

Hyoscyaminum  sulphuricum 

hi-6s-sl-a-ml'num  sul-fu'rl-kum 

324 

Hypericum  perforatum 

hl-per'I-kum  per-fo-ra'tum 

324 

Iberis  amara 

i'be'rls  a-ma'ra 

325 

Ignatia  amara 

Ig-na'she-a  a-ma'ra 

326 

Ilex  opaca 

I'lSx  o-pa'-ka 

327 

Ilex  paraguayensis 

I'lgx  par-a-gwl-gn'sls 

328 

Illicium  anisatum 

Il-Ush'e-um  an-Is-a'tum 

32* 

Indigo 

in'dl-go 

329 

Inula  helenium 

In'yu-la  hel-e'nl-um 

331 

lodium 

I-6'dI-um 

33' 

lodium  metallicum 

i-o'dl-um  me-tal'll-kum 

33° 

Ipecacuanha 

Ip-e-kak-yu-an'a 

332 

Iridium  metallicum 

I-rld'I-um  m6-tal'll-kum 

333 

Iris  versicolor 

I'rls  vur-slk'o-lor 

334 

Jacaranda  caroba 

jak-a-ran'da  kar'o-ba 

335 

Jalapa 

jal'a-pa 

336 

Jatropha  curcas 

jat'ro-fa  kur'k&s 

337 

Juglans  cinerea 

ju'glanz  sln-e're-a 

337 

Juglans  regia 

ju'glanz  re'jl-a 

338 

Juncus  effusus 

junk'us  6f-fu'sus 

339 

Juniperus  virginiana 

ju-nlp'e-rus  vur-jln-l-a'na 

340 

Kali  aceticum 

ka'li  a-se'ti-kum 

34  ! 

Kali  arsenicosum 

ka'li  ar-sgn-I-ko'sum 

342 

Kali  bichromicum 

ka'li  bl-kro'ml-kum 

342 

Kali  bromatum 

ka'li  bro-ma'tum 

343 

Kali  carbonicum 

ka'li  kar-bon'I-kum 

344 

Kali  causticum 

ka'li  kau'stl-kum 

344 

Kali  chloricum 

ka'li  klo'rl-kum 

345 

Kali  chromicum 

ka'li  kro'ml-kum 

346 

Kali  cyanatum 

ka'li  sl-an-a'tum 

346 

Kali  ferrocyanatum 

ka'li  fer-ro-sl-an-a'tum 

347 

Kali  hypophosphorosum 

ka'li  hl-po-fos-for-o'sum 

348 

Kali  iodatum 

ka'li  I-o-da'tum 

348 

Kali  muriaticum 

ka'H  mu-rl-at'i-kum 

349 

Kali  nitricum 

ka'li  ni'trl-kum 

350 

Kali  oxalicum 

ka'li  6x-al'l-kum 

350 

Kali  permanganicum 

ka'li  per-man-gan'I-kum 

35' 

Kali  phosphoricum 

ka'li  f6s-for'r-kum 

352 

Kali  picricum 

ka'li  plk'ri-kum 

352 

Kali  sulphuricum 

ka'li  sul-fu'rl-kum 

353 

Kali  tartaricum 

ka'li  tar-tar'I-kum 

353 

Kalmia  latifolia 

kal'ml-a  lat-I-fo'H-a 

354 

Kino  australiensis 

kl'no  aus-tra-ll-^n'sfe 

355 

6i6 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Lachesis 

Lachnanthes  tinctoria 
Lactuca  virosa 
Lactucarium 
Lamium  album 
Lapis  albus 
Lappa  major 
Lathyrus  sativus 
Laurocerasus 
Ledum  palustre 
Leptandra  virginica 
Lilium  tigrinum 
Linaria  vulgaris 
Linum  catharticum 
Lithium  benzoicum 
Lithium  bromatum 
Lithium  carbonicum 
Lobelia  cardinalis 
Lobelia  inflata 
Lobelia  syphilitica 
Lolium  temulentum 
Lupulinum 
Lupulus 

Lycopersicum  esculentum 
Lycopodium  clavatum 
Lycopus  virginicus 

Magnesia  carbonica 
Magnesia  muriatica 
Magnesia  oxydata 
Magnesia  phosphorica 
Magnesia  sulphurica 
Magnolia  glauca 
Mancinella 
Manganum  aceticum 
Manganum  carbonicum 
Manganum  muriaticum 
Manganum  oxydatum  nigrum 
Melilotus  alba 
Melilotus  officinalis 
Menispermum  canadense 
Mentha  piperita 
Menyanthes  trifoliata 
Mercurialis  perennis 
Mercurius  aceticus 


lak'e-sls 

lak-nan'thez  tmk-to'rl-a 

lak-tu'ka  vl-ro'sa 

lak-tu-ka'rl-um 

la'ml-um  al'bum 

la'pls  al'bus 

lap'pa  ma'jor 

lath'I-rus  sa-ti'vus 

lau-ro-ser'a-sus 

le'dum  pa-lus'tre 

lep-tan'dra  vur-jm'f-ka 

lll'I-um  tf-gri'num 

ll-na'rl-a  vul-ga'rls 

H'num  kath-ar'tl-kum 

llth'I-um  ben-zo'I-kum 

llth'I-um  bro-ma'tum 

Hth'Wim  kar-bon'I-kum 

lo-be'll-a  kar-dl-na'lls 

16-be'H-a  In-fla'ta 

16-be'H-a  slf-Mlt'I-ka 

lo'll-urn  tem-u-len'tum 

lu-pu-H'num 

lu'pu-lus 

H-ko-pur'sI-kum  es-ku-len'tum 

li-ko-po'dl-um  kla-va'tum 

H'ko-pus  vur-jm'I-kus 

mag-ne'she-a  kar-b6n'I-ka 
mag-ne'she-a  mu-rl-at'I-ka 
mag-ne'she-a  6x-I-da/ta 
mag-ne'she-a  fos-for'if-ka 
mag-ne'she-a  sul-fu'rl-ka 
mag-no 'll-a  glau'ka 
man-sl-n§l'la 
nian'ga-num  a-se'ti-kum 
man'ga-num  kar-bon'I-kum 
man'ga-num  mu-rl-at'I-kum 
man'ga-num  ox-I-da'tum  ni'grum 
mel-Mo'tus  al'ba 
m61-M6'tus  6f-fts-I-na'lIs 
mgn-Is-pur'mum  kan-a-dSn'se 
men'tha  pi-pe-ri'ta 
men-I-an'thez  tri-fo-ll-a'ta 
mer-ku-rl-a'lls  per-€n'nls 
mer-ku'rl-us  a-se'tl-kiis 


356 
356 
357 
358 
359 
360 
360 
361 
362 
363 
363 
365 
365 
366 
367 
368 
368 

369 
37° 
37i 
372 
373 
373 
374 
375 
376 

377 
378 
379 
379 
380 
380 
38i 
382 
382 
383 
383 
384 
385 
386 
387 
387 
388 

389 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


6I7 


Mercurius  cyanatus 
Mercurius  dulcis 
Mercurius  et  kali  iodatus 
Mercurius  iodatus  flavus 
Mercurius  iodatus  ruber 
Mercurius  nitricus 
Mercurius  praecipitatus  albus 
Mercurius  pracipitatus  ruber 
Mercurius  solubilis  Hahn. 
Mercurius  sublimatus  corrosivus 
Mercurius  sulphuratus  niger 
Mercurius  sulphuricus 
Mercurius  vivus 
Mezereum 
Millifolium 
Mimosa  humilis 
Mitchella  repens 
Momordica  balsamina 
Monotropa  uniflora 
Morphinum 
Morphinum  aceticum 
Morphinum  muriaticum 
Morphinum  sulphuricum 
Moschus 
Murex  purpurea 
Mygale  lasiodora 
Myrica  cerifera 
Myrtus  communis 

Nabalus  serpentaria 
Naja  tripudians 
Naphthalinum 
Narceinum 
Narcotinum 
Natrum  arsenicicum 
Natrum  bromatum 
Natrum  carbonicum 
Natrum  causticum 
Natrum  hypophosphorosum 
Natrum  muriaticum 
Natrum  nitricum 
Natrum  phosphoricum 
Natrum  salicylicum 
Natrum  sulpho-carbolicum 
Natrum  sulphuricum 


mer-ku'rl-us  sl-a-na'tus  391 

mer-ku'rl-us  dul'sls  391 

mer-ku'rl-us  et  ka'H  I-o-da'tus  398 

mer-ku'rl-us  I-o-da'tus  fla'vus  392 

mer-ku'rT-us  I-o-da'tus  roo'ber  393 

mer-ku'rl-us  m'trl-kus  393 

mer-ku'rl-us  pre-sIp-T-ta'tus  al'bus  394 

mer-ku'rl-us  pre-slp-f-ta'tus  roo'ber  394 

mer-ku'rl-us  sol-u'bl-lls  Hahn.  395 
mer-ku'rl-us  sub-ll-ma'tus  k6r-ro-si'vus        390 

mer-ku'rl-us  sul-fu-ra'tus  nl'ggr  397 

mer-ku'rl-us  sul-fu'rl-kus  397 

mer-ku'rT-us  vi'vus  398 

me-ze're'um  399 

mll-ll-fo'll-um  400 

ml-mo'sa  hu'ml-lls  401 

mltch-el'la  re'pfinz  401 

mo-mor'dl-ka  bal-sa-ml'na  402 

mo-not'ro-pa  yu-nl-flo'ra  403 

mor-fl'num  404 

mor-fl'num  a-se'tl-kum  405 

mor-fl'num  mu-rl-at'I-kum  405 

mor-fl'num  sul-fu'rl-kum  406 

mSs'kus  406 

mu'rex  pur-pu're-a  407 

ml-ga'le  las-T-o-do'ra  408 

ml-rl'ka  se-rlf 'e-ra  408 

mur'tus  com-mu'nls  409 

nab'a-lus  sur-pgn-ta'rl-a  410 

na'ja  trl-pu'dl-anz  411 

naf-tha-ll'num  412 

nar-se-I'niim  413 

nar-ko-tl'num  413 

na'trum  ar-sSn-!s'I-kum  414 

na'trum  bro-ma'tum  414 

na'trum  kar-b6n'I-kum  415 

na'trum  kau'stl-kum  416 

na'trum  hl-po-f6s-f6r-o'sum  416 

na'trum  mu-rl-at'I-kum  417 

na'trum  nl'trl-kum  418 

na'trum  f6s-f6r'I-kum  418 

na'trum  sal-l-sll'l-kum  419 

na'trum  sul-f6-kar-b51'I-kum  419 

na'trum  sul-fu'rl-kum  420 


6i8 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Natrum  sulphurosum 
Niccolum  carbonicum 
Niccolum  metallicum 
Niccolum  sulphuricum 
Nuphar  luteum 
Nux  moschata 
Nux  vomica 
Nymphasa  odorata 

CEnanthe  crocata 
(Enothera  biennis 
Oleander 
Oleum  animale 
Oleum  cajuputi 
Oleum  morrhuae 
Oleum  ricini 
Oleum  santali 
Olibanum 
Opium 

Opuntia  vulgaris 
Osmium  metallicum 
Osmodium  virginianum 
Oxydendron  arboreum 

Paeonia  officinalis 
Palladium 
Pareira  brava 
Paris  quadrifolia 
Passiflora  incarnata 
Pastinaca  sativa 
Paullinia  pinnata 
Paullinia  sorbilis 
Penthorum  sedoides 
Petroleum 

Petroselinum  sativum 
Phellandrium  aquaticum 
Phosphorus 
Phosphorus  ruber 
Physostigma  venenosum 
Phytolacca  decandra 
Picrotoxinum 
Pilocarpinum  muriaticum 
Pilocarpinum  nitricum 
Pilocarpus 
Pimpinella  saxifraga 
Pinus  silvestris 


na'trum  sul-fu-ro'sum 
nlk'o-lum  kar-bon'I-kum 
nlk'o-lum  me-tal'll-kum 
nflc'o-lum  sul-fu'rl-kum 
nu'far  lu'te-um 
nux  mos-ka'ta 
nux  vom'I-ka 
ntm-fe'a  6-do-ra'ta 

e-nan'the  kro-ka'ta 

e-no-the'ra  bl-en'nfs 

6-le-an'der 

6'le-um  an-I-ma'le 

6'le-um  kaj-u-pu'ti 

6'le-um  mor'roo-e 

6'le-um  ris'I-m 

6'le-um  san'ta-li 

o-lfb'a-num 

6'pT-um 

o-pun'she-a  vul-ga'rls 

6s'ml-um  me-tal'll-kum 

6s-m6'dl-um  vur-jln-l-a'num 

6x-I-den'dr6n  ar-bo're-um 

pe-6'ni-a  6f-fls-i-na'lls 
pal-la'dT-um 
par-a'ra  bra'va 
par'Is  quod-rl-fo'll-a 
pas-sf-flo'ra  m-kar-na'ta 
pas-tf-na'ka  sa-tl'va 
paw-Hn'I-a  pln-na'ta 
paw-lln'f-a  sor'bMls 
pen'tho-rum  se-doi'dez 
pe-tro'le-um 

pet-ro-se-ll'num  sa-ti'vum 
fel-lan'drl-um  a-quat'I-kum 
fos'fo-rus 
fos'fo-rus  roo'ber 
fi-so-stlg'ma  ve-ne-no'sum 
fl-to-lak'a  dek-an'dra 
plk-ro-t6x'l-num 
pT-lo-kar-pi'num  mu-rl-at'I-kum 
pMo-kar-pI'num  nl'trl-kum 
pll-o-kar'pus 
plmp-I-nel'la  sax-If 'ra-ga 
pT'nus  sll-ves'trls 


421 

421 
422 
422 
423 
423 
424 

425 

426 

427 
428 

429 
43° 
43° 
43i 
432 
432 
434 
435 
436 
433 
436 

437 
438 
438 
439 
440 
441 
442 
442 
443 
444 
445 
446 
446 

447 
448 

449 
450 


452 
453 
453 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


Pinus  lambertiana 

Piper  methysticum 

Piper  nigrum 

Piscidia  erythrina 

Plantago  major 

Platinum  et  natrum  muriaticum 

Platinum  metallicum 

Platinum  muriaticum 

Plectranthus  fructicosus 

Plumbago  littoralis 

Plumbum  aceticum 

Plumbum  carbonicum 

Plumbum  chromicum 

Plumbum  iodatum 

Plumbum  metallicum 

Podophyllin 

Podophyllum  peltatum 

Polygonum  punctatum 

Polyporus  officinalis 

Polyporus  pinicola 

Populus  tremuloides 

Pothos  foetidus 

Prinos  verticillatus 

Prunus  padus 

Prunus  spinosa 

Prunus  virginiana 

Ptelea  trifoliata 

Pulsatilla 

Pulsatilla  nuttalliana 

Pyrus  americana 

Quassia  amara 
Quillaia  saponaria 

Ranunculus  acris 
Ranunculus  bulbosus 
Ranunculus  flammula 
Ranunculus  repens 
Ranunculus  sceleratus 
Raphanus  sativus 
Ratanhia 
Resorcinum 
Rhamnus  catharticus 
Rhamnus  frangula 
Rhamnus  purshiana 
Rheum 


pi'nus  lam-ber-she-a'na  454 

pi'per  me-thfe'tl-kum  455 

pi'per  m'grum  456 

pls-sld'1-a  gr-I-thri'na  456 

plan-ta'go  ma'jQr  457 

plat'I-num  St  na'trum  mu-rl-at'I-kum  459 

plat'I-num  me-tal'H-kum  458 

platl-num  mu-rt-at'I-kum  458 

plgk-tran'thus  fruk-tl-ko'sus  460 

plum-ba'go  llt-to-ra'lls  460 

plum'bum  a-se'tl-kum  461 

plum'bum  kar-bon'I-kum  462 

plum'bum  kro'ml-kum  463 

plum'bum  i-o-da'tum  463 

plum'bum  me-tal'll-kum  464 

pod-o-fll'lrn  464 

pod-o-ffl'lum  pe"l-ta.'tum  465 

po-lTg'o-num  punk-ta'tum  466 

po-llp'o-rus  6f-fIs-I-na'Hs  467 

po-llp'o-rus  pln-Ik'o-la  468 

pop'u-lus  trem-u-loi'dez  469 

po'thos  fet'I-dus  470 

pri'nos  vur-tls-Il-la'tus  471 

proo'nus  pa'dus  471 

proo'nus  spl-no'sa  472 

proo'nus  vur-jln-l-a'na  473 

tel'e-a  tri-fo-ll-a'ta  474 

pul-sa-tll'la  475 

pul-sa-tll'la  nut-tal-lT-a'na  476 

pl'rus  a-mgr-I-ka'na  477 

kwash'I-a  a-ma'ra  478 

kwll-la'ya  sap-o-na'rl-a  479 

ra-nun'ku-lus  a'krls  480 

ra-nun'ku-lus  bul'bo'sus  481 

ra-nun'ku-lus  flam'yu-la  482 

ra-nun'ku-lus  re'pe"nz  482 

ra-nun'ku-lus  s51-er-a'tus  483 

raf'a-nus  sa-tT'vus  484 

ra-tan'hya  485 

r§s-or-si'num  486 

ram'nus  ka-thar'tl-kus  487 

ram'nus  fran'gu-la  488 

ram'nus  pur-she-a'na  489 

re'um  490 


62O 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE 


Rhododendron  chrysanthemum 

Rhus  aromatica 

Rhus  glabra 

Rhus  toxicodendron 

Rhus  venenata 

Ricinus  communis 

Robinia  pseudacacia 

Rumex  acetosa 

Rumex  crispus 

Ruta  graveolens 

Sabadilla 

Sabal  serrulata 

Sabina 

Salicinum 

Salix  nigra 

Salix  purpurea 

Salol 

Salvia  officinalis 

Sambucus  canadensis 

Sambucus  nigra 

Sanguinaria  canadensis 

Santoninum 

Sarracenia  purpurea 

Sarsaparilla 

Sassafras 

Scilla  maritima 

Scrophularia  nodosa 

Scutellaria  lateriflora 

Secale  cornutum 

Selenium 

Sempervivum  tectorum 

Senecio  aureus 

Senega 

Senna 

Sepia 

Silicea 

Silphium  laciniatum 

Sinapis  alba 

Sinapis  nigra 

Solaninum 

Solanum  arrebenta 

Solanum  carolinense 

Solanum  mammosum 

Solanum  nigrum 


ro-do-den'dr6n  krls-an'the-mum 

rus  ar-o-mat'I-ka 

rus  gla'bra 

rus  tox-I-ko-den'dron 

rus  ven-e-na'ta 

rls'I-nus  kom-mu'nls 

ro-bln'I-a  su-da-ka'she-a 

roo'mex  as-e-to'sa 

roo'mex  krls'pus 

roo'ta  gra-ve'o-lSnz 

sab-a-dll'la 

sa'bul  ser-roo-la'ta 

sa-bT'na 

sal-I-sT'num 

sa'llx  ni'gra 

sa'lhc  pur-pu're-a 

sa'161 

sal'vl-a  of-fls-l-na'lls 

sam-bu'kus  kan-a-den'sls 

sam-bu'kus  ni'gra 

sang-gul-na'rl-a  kan-a-d^n'sls 

san-to-ni'num 

sar-ra-se'nl-a  pur-pu're-a 

sar-sa-pa-rll'la 

sas'sa-fras 

sil'la  ma-rlt'I-ma 

skrof-u-la'rl-a  no-do'sa 

sku-tel-la'rl-a  lat-e-rl-flo'ra 

se-ka'le  kor-nu'tum 

se-le'nl-um 

sem-per-vi'vum  tec-to'rum 

se-ne'she-6  au're-us 

sSn'e-ga 

sen'na 

se'pl-a 

sll-Ish'e-a 

sll'fl-um  las-In-I-a'tum 

sln-a'pls  al'ba 

sln-a'pls  ni'gra 

s61-a-ni'num 

so-la'num  ar-re-bSn'ta 

so-la'num  kar-o-ll-n6n'se 

so-la'num  mam-mo'sum 

so-la'num  m'grum 


491 

492 
493 
494 
495 
496 
496 

497 
498 

499 
500 

502 
5°3 
5°4 
504 
5°5 
5o6 
507 
508 
509 


5" 


5'4 


518 

520 
521 
522 
522 
524 
525 
526 

527 
527 
528 

529 
529 


AMERICAN    INSTITUTE    OF    HOMOEOPATHY. 


621 


Solidago  virga-aurea 

Spigelia 

Spiraea  ulmaria 

Spongia 

Stannum  metallicum 

Staphysagria 

Sticta  pulmonaria 

Stillingia  sylvatica 

Stramonium 

Strontium  carbonicum 

Strophanthus  hispidus 

Strychninum  nitricum 

Strychninum  purum 

Strychninum  sulphuricum 

Sulphur 

Sulphur  iodatum 

Sumbul 

Symphoricarpus  racemosa 

Symphytum  officinale 

Syzigium  jambolanum 

Tabacum 

Tamus  communis 

Tanacetum  vulgare 

Tanghinia  venenifera 

Taraxacum  officinale 

Tarantula  cubensis 

Tarantula  hispana 

Tartarus  emeticus 

Taxus  baccata 

Tellurium 

Terebinthinae  oleum 

Teucrium  marum  verum 

Thaspium  aureum 

Thea  sinensis 

Theridion 

Thlaspi  bursa  pastoris 

Thuja  occidentalis 

Tilia  europaea 

Tongo 

Tradescantia  diuretica 

Trifolium  pratense 

Trifolium  repens 

Trillium 

Triosteum  perfoliatum 


s6l-I-da'go  vur'ga-au're-a 

spl-ge'll-a 

spt-re'a  ul-ma'rl-a 

spun'jl-a 

stan'num  m£-tal'll-kum 

staf-Is-a'grl-a 

stlk'ta  pul-mo-na'rl-a 

stll-lln'gl-a  sll-vat'I-ka 

stra-mo'nl-um 

str6n'she-um  kar-b6n'I-kum 

str6-fan'thus  hls'pl-dus 

strlk-ni'num  ni'trl-kum 

strlk-ni'num  pu'rum 

strlk-ni'num  sul-fu'rl-kum 

sul'fur 

sul'fur  i-o-da'tum 

sum'bul 

slm-f6r-l-kar'pus  ras-e-mo'sa 

slm-fi'tum  of-fts-I-na/le 

slz-Ij'I-um  jam-bo-la'num 

tab'a-kum 

ta'mus  kom-mu'nls 

tan-a-se'tum  vul'ga're 

tan-gin 'I-a  v^n-e-nlf'e-ra 

ta-rax'a-kum  6£-fIs'!-na'le 

ta-r^n'tu-la  ku-b^n'sls 

ta-ren'tu-la  hls-pa'na 

tar'ta-rus  e-mfit'I-kus 

tax'us  bak-ka'ta 

tel-lu'rr-um 

t6r-e-bln'thl-ne  6'le-um 

tu-krl-um  ma'rum  ve'rum 

thas'pf-um  au're-um 

the'a  sl-n6n'sls 

the-rld'l-6n 

thlas'pl  bur'sa  pas-to'rls 

thu'ya  6k-sl-dgn-ta'lfe 

tfl'i-a  yu-ro-pe'a 

t6ng'go 

trad-€s-kan'she-a  dl-yu-rSt'I-ka 

trl-fo'll-um  pra-ten'se 

trT-fo'U-um  re'p^nz 

trll'lr-um 

tri-6s'te-um  per-fo-H-a'tum 


53«> 
S3' 
532 
533 
533 
534 
535 
536 
537 
538 
539 
540 
540 
54i 
54i 
542 
543 
544 
545 
545 

546 
547 
548 
549 
549 


552 
553 
554 
554 
555 
556 
557 
558 

559 
560 
561 
56i 
562 

563 
564 

565 
566 


622 


THE    PHARMACOPEIA    OF    THE    AMERICAN    INSTITUTE. 


Triticum  repens 

trlt'I-kum  re'penz 

5^7 

Tussilago  petasites 

tus-sMa'go  pet-a-si'tez 

567 

Urtica  dioica 

ur-tT'ka  di-oi'ka 

568 

Urtica  urens 

ur-ti'ka  yu'renz 

569 

Usnea  barbata 

us'ne-a  bar-ba'ta 

570 

Ustilago  maidis 

us-tMa'go  ma-i'dls 

571 

Uva  ursi 

yu'va  ur'si 

57  i 

Uranium  nitricum 

yu-ra'nl-um  ni-trl-kum 

573 

Valeriana  officinalis 
Veratrina 
Veratrum  album 
Veratrum  viride 
Verbascum  thapsus 
Verbena  hastata 
Verbena  officinalis 
Veronica  beccabunga 
Viburnum  opulus 
Viburnum  prunifolium 
Vinca  minor 
Viola  odorata 
Viola  tricolor 
Viscum  album 

Wyethia  helenioides 
Xanthoxylum  fraxineum 
Yucca  filamentosa 

Zincum  aceticum 
Zincum  bromatum 
Zincum  carbonicum 
Zincum  cyanatum 
Zincum  iodatum 
Zincum  metallicum 
Zincum  muriaticum 
Zincum  oxydatum 
Zincum  phosphoratum 
Zincum  sulphuricum 
Zincum  valerianicum 
Zingiber  officinalis 


va-le-rl-a'na  6f-fls-l-na'lls 
ver-a-tri'na 
ve-ra'trum  al'bum 
ve-ra'trum  vlr'I-de 
vur-bas'kum  thap'siis 
vur-be'na  has-ta'ta 
vur-be'na  6f-fIs-I-na'Hs 
ve-ron'I-ka  bek'ka-bung'ga 
vl-bur'num  6'pu-lus 
vl-bur'num  proo-nl-fo'll-um 
vln-ka  mT'nor 
vi'o-la  6-do-ra'ta 
vl'o-la  tri'ko-lor 
vls'kum  al'bum 

wf-e'thl-a  he-len-I-oi'dez 
zan-thox'f-lum  frax-In'e-um 
yuk'ka  ffl-a-men-to'sa 

zlng-kum  a-se'tl-kum 
zTng-kum  bro-ma'tum 
zlng-kum  kar-bon'i-kum 
zKng-kum  sT-an-a'tum 
zlng-kum  I-o-da'tum 
ztng-kum  me-tal'll-kum 
zTng-kum  mu-rt-at'-I-kum 
zlng-kum  6x-T-da'tum 
zlng-kum  fos-fo-ra'tum 
zlng-kum  sul-fu'rl-kum 
zlng-kum  va-le-rl-an'I-kum 
zln'jl-ber  6f-fls-l-na'lls 


573 
574 
575 
576 
577 
578 

579 
580 

582 
583 
583 
584 
585 

586 

587 
588 

589 
589 
590 


592 
592 
593 
593 
594 
595 
595 


INDEX. 


Page 

Abalon  albiflorum 316 

Abbreviations 49 

used  in  prescription  writing  .    .  597 

Abeille in 

ABIES  CANADENSIS 51 

NIGRA 52 

Abrotanum 129 

Absinth 52 

Absinthe 52 

ABSINTHIUM 52 

austriacum  tenuifolium   .    .    .    .212 

majus 52 

ponticum  tenuifolium 212 

rusticans 52 

seriphium 212 

tridentium  herbarior 212 

vulgare 52 

Acacia  germanica 472 

nostrates 472 

Acajou  a  pommes 102 

Acalypha  canescans 53 

ciliata 53 

INDICA 53 

spicata 53 

Acanthus  vulgaris 163 

Acetas  cupricus 241 

kalicus 341 

manganosus 382 

morphicus 405 

morphinae 405 

plumbicus 461 

potassicus 341 

zincicus 589 

Acetate  d'ammoniaque  liquide     .   .    93 

de  baryte  ...       152 

de  cuivre 241 

de  fer 277 

de  manganese 382 

de  mercure 389 

de  morphine 405 

de  plomb 461 

de  potasse 341 

de  saturne 461 

de  zinc 589 

of  barium 152 

of  baryta 152 

of  copper 241 

of  iron 277 

of  lead 461 

of  manganese 382 

of  mercury 389 

of  morphia 405 

of  morphine 405 


Page 

Acetate  of  potash 341 

of  zinc 589 

Aceti  acidum 54 

Acetic  acid 54 

Achillea  alba 400 

millefolium 400 

myriophylli 400 

setacea     400 

ACID,  ACETIC 54 

BENZOIC 55 

BORACIC 56 

CARBOLIC 56 

CHROMIC 57 

CITRIC 58 

FLUORIC 6l 

FORMIC 59 

GALLIC 59 

HYDROCYANIC 60 

LACTIC 62 

MURIATIC 62 

NITRIC 63 

NITRO-MURIATIC 64 

OXALIC 65 

PHOSPHORIC 66 

PICRIC 66 

SALICYLIC 67 

SULFURIC 68 

TANNIC 69 

TARTARIC 70 

Acide  ace"tique 54 

azotique  s.  nitrique 63 

benzoique 55 

borique 56 

carboneux 65 

chlorhydrique  s.  muriatique  .    .  62 

chloro-azotique 64 

chloro-nitreux 64 

chromique 57 

citrique 58 

fluorhydrique 61 

arsdnieux 126 

formique 59 

gallique 59 

hydrocyanique 60 

lactique 62 

oxalique 65 

phdnique 56 

phospnorique 66 

picrique 66 

salicylique 67 

sulfurique 68 

tannique 69 

tartrique 70 


624 


INDEX. 


ACIDUM  ACETICUM 54 

aceticum  glaciale 54 

arsenicosum 126 

arseniosum 126 

BENZOICUM 55 

benzoicum  sublimatum    ....    55 

BORACICUM 56 

boricum 56 

carbazoticum 66 

CARBOLICUM 56 

chlorhydricum 62 

chloro-nitrosum 64 

CHROMICUM 57 

CITRICUM 58 

citri  s.  limonum 58 

fluorhydricum 61 

fluoricum 61 

formicicum 59 

FORMICUM 59 

GALLICUM 59 

gallo-tannicum 69 

hydrochloratum 62 

hydrochloricum 62 

hydrocyanatum 60 

HYDROCYANICUM 60 

HYDROFLUORICUM 6l 

LACTICUM 62 

MURIATICUM 62 

nitri 63 

NITRICUM 63 

nitro-hydrochloricum 64 

NITRO-MURIATICUM 64 

OXALICUM 65 

phenicum 56 

PHOSPHORICUM 66 

PICRICUM 66 

SALICYLICUM 67 

SULPHURICUM     . .68 

TANNICUM   .    .         69 

TARTARICUM 70 

Acinula  clavus 516 

Ackerklee 563 

Ackeveilchen 584 

Aconit 71 

Aconite 71 

Aconite  radix 72 

Aconite  root 72 

Aconitifolius  humilis 465 

Aconitum  angustifolium 71 

caule-simplex 71 

cceruleum 71 

dissectum 71 

E   RAD1CE 72 

multifidum 71 

NAPELLUS 71 

pardalianches 439 

salutiferum 439 

Stoerckianum      71 

tauricum 71 

vulgare 71 

Acrid  agaric 78 


Acrid  buttercup 480 

luttuce 357 

Actaea  americana 73 

brachypetala 73 

gyrostachya 211 

longipes 73 

monogyna 211 

nigra 73 

orthostachya 211 

racemosa 211 

rubra 73 

SPICATA 73 

Adam's  needle 588 

Adder  of  the  hood 411 

Adenandra  serratifolia 151 

Adonis  apennina 74 

VERNALIS 74 

^sculus  carnea 75 

echinata 75 

GLABRA    .       75 

HIPPOCASTANUM 75 

ohicensis 75 

pallida 75 

rubicunda 75 

watsoniana 75 

j^ither  petrolei 156 

^thiops  mineralis 397 

yETHUSA  CYNAPIUM 76 

jttzkali 344 

^ttznatron 416 

Afzelia  grandis 264 

Agaric  blanc 467 

Agaricus  albus 467 

EMETICUS 78 

fulvus 78 

imperialis 78 

laricis 467 

maculatus 78 

MUSCARIUS 77 

plumbasus 78 

puella 78 

pustulatus 78 

verrucosus 78 

Agave 79 

AMERICANA 79 

AGNUS  CASTUS 80 

Agropyrum  repens 567 

AGROSTEMMA  GITHAGO 81 

Ageria  opaca 327 

Ague  barb 474 

grass 82 

root 82 

weed 270, 578 

Ail 84 

AlLANTHUS   GLANDULOSUS   .    .     .    .     8l 

procerus       81 

Alarconia  helenoides 586 

Alcohol,  dispensing 28 

fortior 28 

officinal 28 

sulfuris 186 


INDEX. 


625 


Alcohol,  tests  of 29 

Alcoholic  solutions  of  solids  or  semi- 
solids    35 

Alder  buckthorn 488 

dogwood 232 

Ale*tris  farineux 82 

ALETRIS  FARINOSA 82 

Alexandria  senna 521 

All-heal 573 

ALLIUM  CEPA 83 

ophioscorodon 84 

SATIVUM 84 

Alnus  rubra 85 

SERRULATA 85 

Aloe 86 

gummi 86 

lucida 86 

officinalis 86 

root 82 

rubescens 86 

SOCOTRINA 86 

spicata 86 

vera 86 

Aloes 86 

Aloes 86 

Alpenrose  Gichtrose 491 

Alstonia  cuneata 87 

SCHOLARIS 87 

ALTHAEA  OFFICINALIS 88 

Altheewurzel 88 

Alum 89 

root       295 

ALUMEN 89 

ALUMINA 90 

Aluminii  et  potassii  sulphas  ....    89 
Aluminium  and  potassium  sulphate    89 

METALLICUM 90 

ALUMINUM 90 

hydrate 90 

hydroxide 90 

trihydrate 90 

Amandes     . 100 

Amanita  citrinus 78 

Amara  dulcis 255 

Ambarum 91 

Ambergris 91 

Ambra  ambrosiacea 91 

cineria 91 

GRISEA 91 

maritima 91 

nigra 91 

vera 91 

Ambre  gris 91 

Ambrina  ambrosioides 200 

anthelmintica 200 

Ambrosia  absinthifolia 91 

ARTEMISI^FOLIA 91 

elatior 91 

heterophylla 91 

paniculata 91 

Ambrosiaca 91 


Ameisensatire 59 

American  aloe 79 

arbor  vitae 560 

archangel 376 

arum 170 

aspen 469 

boxwood 233 

coffee  tree 308 

columbo 288 

custard-apple 140 

elder 507 

hellebore 576 

holly 327 

ipecac   113 

ivy 99,  i  oo 

mountain  ash 477 

nightshade 449 

pennyroyal  311 

poplar 469 

pulsatilla 476 

red  cornel 234 

valerian 246 

veratrum 576 

vervain 578 

water  hemlock 209 

water  pepper 466 

white  hellebore 576 

wintergreen 201 

wormseed 200 

Amerikanische  Colombowurzel     .    .  288 

Kermesbeere 449 

Narde 117 

Wasserchierling 209 

Amerikanischer  Polei 311 

Schwertlilie 334 

Wurmsamen 200 

Amidobenzol 106 

Ammonia  water 95 

AMMONIACUM  GUMMI 92 

Ammoniac  phosphas 98 

sesquicarbonas 95 

Ammoniak 92 

Ammoniak-Flussigkeit 95 

Ammpniated  mercury 394 

nitrate  of  mercury 395 

Ammonii  benzoas 94 

bromidum 94 

carbonas 95 

chloridum 96 

iodidum 96 

nitras 97 

phosphas 98 

picras 98 

valerianas 99 

AMMONIUM  ACETATE 93 

ACETICUM 93 

BENZOATE 94 

BENZOICUM 94 

BROMATUM 94 

BROMID 94 

carbazoticum 98 


626 


INDEX. 


AMMONIUM  CARBONATE 95 

CARBONICUM 95 

CAUSTICUM 95 

chloratum 96 

chlorid 96 

hydrate 95 

IODATUM 96 

IODID 96 

MURIATE 96 

MURIATICUM 96 

NITRATE 97 

NITRICUM 97 

PHOSPHATE 98 

PHOSPHORICUM 98 

PICRATE 98 

PICRICUM 98 

VALERIANATE 99 

VALERIANICUM 99 

Ammoniumacetat-Losung 93 

Ammoniumvalerianat 99 

Amomum  zingiber 595 

Amorphous  phosphorus 447 

Ampelopsis  hederacea 99 

heptaphylla 99 

hirsuta 99 

QUINQUEFOLIA 99 

Amphibious  cress 221 

AMYGDALUS  AMARA 100 

communis 100 

Amylasther  nitrosus 101 

Amylium  nitrosutn 101 

Amyl  nitris 101 

NITRITE 101 

NITROSUM 101 

Amylnitrit 101 

Amylo-nitrous  ether 101 

Amyris  elemifera 474 

Anacardium  latifolium 102 

officinarum 102 

ORIENTALS IO2 

ANAGALLIS  ARVENSIS 103 

caerulea 103 

phoenicea 103 

Anamirta  cocculus 219 

paniculata 219 

Anapodophyllum  canadense  ....  465 

peltatum 465 

ANATHERUM  MURICATUM    ....  104 

Andromeda  arborea 436 

Andropogon  muricatus 104 

squarrosus 104 

Anemone  flavescens 476 

hepatica 318 

ludoviciana 476 

nuttalliana 476 

patens  var.  nuttalliana 476 

pratensis 475,476 

Angelica  tree 587 

Angular-leaved  physic  nut 337 

ANGUSTURA 105 

bark 105 


Angustura  cusparia 105 

Rinde 105 

vera 105 

Anhydrous  chromic  acid 57 

Anilin 106 

oil 106 

sulfate 107 

Anilina 106 

Aniline     106 

Anilini  sulphas 107 

ANILINUM 106 

SULFATE 107 

SULPHURICUM 107 

Animal  charcoal 185 

oil 429 

Anise  e'toile' 329 

Anisum  canadensis 328 

chinensis 328 

indicum 328 

stellatum      328 

Annona  triloba 139 

Annual  worm-grass 531 

Anonymos  sempervirens 292 

Anthelminthia  quadriphylla  .    .    .    .531 

Anthemis  aurea 107 

NOBILIS 107 

vulgaris 197 

Anthos  sylvestris 363 

ANTHROXANTHUM  ODORATUM   .   .  108 
Antimonii  et  potassii  tartras  ....  552 

iodidum no 

oxidum no 

oxysulphuretum     .    .    .    .   .    .    .in 

sulphidum 109 

sulphuretum 109 

sulphuretum  aureum 1 1 1 

Antimonious  arsenate 109 

iodid no 

oxid no 

sulfid 109 

sulfid  (yellow)     . in 

ANTIMONIUM  ARSENIATE 109 

ARSENICICUM 109 

CRUDE .     .   109 

CRUDUM 109 

IODATUM IIO 

IODID IIO 

nigrum 109 

OXYDATUM IIO 

SULFID  (golden) in 

sulphuratum 109 

SULPHURATUM  AURATUM  .     .     .Ill 

Antimonoxyd no 

Antirrhinum  linarium 365 

APIS   MELLIFICA Ill 

VIRUS 113 

Apium  hortensis 445 

montanum 142 

petroselinum 445 

virus 113 

APOCYNUM  ANDROS^EMIFOLIUM    .  113 


INDEX. 


627 


APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM 114 

hypericifolium 114 

pupescens 114 

sibiricum 114 

Apomorphia 115 

Apomorphin 115 

hydrochlorat 115 

hydrochlorid 115 

Apomorphinae  hydrochloras  .    .    .    .115 
Apomorphinum  nydrochloricum  .   .115 

MURIATE 115 

MURIATICUM 115 

Apple  of  Peru 537 

of  Sodom 529 

Aqua  ammonize 95 

distillata 29 

fortis 63 

regia 64 

Aqueous  solutions 34 

Araigne"e  a  croix  papule 118 

noire  du  Cura$oa 558 

Aralia  canadensis 116 

QUINQUEFOLIA Il6 

RACEMOSA 117 

ARANEA  DIADEMA 117 

tarentula 551 

Aranja 558 

Arbor  vitae 560 

Arbre  a  poison 494 

a  suif 408 

de  vie 560 

Arbousier 572 

Arbutus  uva  ursi 572 

Arcanum  duplicatum 353 

Arctium  bardana 360 

lappa 360 

Arctostaphylos  officinalis 572 

uva  ursi 572 

Argent 119 

Argenti  chloridum 120 

cyanidum n8 

iodidum 119 

nitras 120 

oxidum 121 

ARGENTUM 119 

chlorid 120 

CYANATUM Il8 

CYANID Il8 

IODATUM 119 

IODID 119 

METALLICUM 119 

MURIATE 120 

MURIATICUM 120 

NITRATE 120 

NITRICUM 120 

ortho-phosphate 122 

OXID 121 

OXYDATUM 121 

PHOSPHATE 121 

PHOSPHORICUM 121 

vivum 398 


Arisaema  dracontium 131 

triphyllum       133 

Aristolachia  cymbifera 122 

frandiflora 122 
astata 123 

hirsuta 123 

MILHOMENS 122 

officinalis 123 

sagittata 123 

SERPENTARIA 123 

virginica 123 

Armoise  amere 52 

Armoracia  rusticana 22 1 

sativa 221 

ARNICA  MONTANA 124 

E  RADICE 125 

Arnika 124 

Arnique 124 

Aronis  communis 132 

Aronswurzel 132 

Arrebenta  cavallos 527 

Arsenate  of  soda 414 

of  sodium 414 

ARSENETTED  HYDROGEN 127 

Arseni  iodidum 127 

Arsenias  ferrosus 278 

natricus 414 

sodicus 414 

Arse*niate  de  fer 278 

de  quinine 202 

de  soude 414 

Arseniate  of  iron 278 

of  quinine 202 

of  soda 414 

Arsenic 126,  128 

blanc 126 

disulfid '.   ....  129 

trisulphide 128 

Arsenici  iodidum  ........  127 

ARSENICUM  ALBUM 126 

bisulfuretum 129 

bisulphidum 129 

citrinum 128 

HYDROGENATUM 127 

hydrogenisatum 127 

IODATUM 127 

IODID 127 

jodatum 127 

METALLICUM 128 

rubrum 129 

SULFID  (red) 129 

SULFID  (yellow) 128 

SULPHURATUM  FLAVUM   .  .  .  128 
SULPHURATUM  RUBRUM   .  .  .  129 

Arsenige  Saure 126 

Arsenii  sulphidum 128 

Arsenik 128 

Arsenikjodiir 127 

Arsenious  acid 126 

anhydride 126 

iodid 127 


628 


INDEX. 


Arsenious  iodide 127 

oxid 126 

sulfid 128 

Arsenite  de  cuivre 242 

de  quinine 203 

of  copper 242 

of  potassium 342 

of  quinine 203 

Arsensaures  Eisen 278 

Natron 4'4 

Arsenum 128 

Arsine 127 

Artanita  cyclamen 245 

ARTEMISIA  ABROTANUM 129 

absinthium 52 

austriaca 212 

contra 212 

heterophyllus 130 

indica  canadensis 130 

lercheana 212 

maritima  var.  pauciflora .   .   .    .212 
maritima  var.  stechmanniana    .212 

san  tonka 212 

vahliana 212 

VULGARIS 130 

Artificial  oil  of  bitter  almonds  .   .    .156 

Arum  americanum 470 

atrorubens 133 

DRACONTIUM 131 

MACULATUM 132 

seguinum 170 

TRIPHYLLUM 133 

vulgare 132 

Asa  dulcis 157 

ASAFCETIDA 134 

disgunensis 134 

Asagraea  officinalis 500 

Asant 134 

Asarabacca     136 

Asaret 136 

ASARUM  CANADENSE 135 

EUROPIUM 136 

vulgare 136 

Ase  fe"tide .  134 

Asctepiade  a  la  soie  .   . 138 

incarnate 137 

Asclepias  amcena 137 

cornuti 138 

decumbens 139 

gigantea 178 

INCARNATA 137 

procera 178 

pulcra 137 

SYRIACA 138 

TUBEROSA 139 

Ash-leaved  guarea 307 

Asimina  campaniflora 140 

conoidea 140 

TRILOBA 140 

Asiminier 140 

Asparagus 141 


ASPARAGUS  OFFICINALIS 141 

Aspen 469 

poplar 469 

Asperge .141 

Aspidium  filix  mas 287 

Assafetida 134 

Assaret  du  Canada  .  '. 135 

ASTERIAS  RUBENS 142 

Asthma  root 370 

ATHAMANTA  OREOSELINUM  .  .  .  142 

Athaminta  oreoselinum 142 

Athanasia 548 

Atomic  weights,  table  of 606 

Atropa  belladonna 154 

lethalis « 154 

Atropia 143 

sulphurica 144 

Atropice  sulfas 144 

Atropin 143 

sulfate 144 

Atropina 143 

Atropinae  sulphas 144 

Atropine 143 

ATROPINUM 143 

purum 143 

SULFATE 144 

SULPHURICUM 144 

Atropinsulfat 144 

Attenuation 40 

Attenuations,  liquid 39 

Augentrost 275 

Augenwurzel 573 

Aunde  commune 331 

officinale 331 

Aureliana  canadensis 116 

Auri  chloridum 145 

et  natri  chloridum 146 

sulphidum 146 

Auric  chlorid 145 

sulfid 146 

Auro-natrium  chloratum  .....  146 

Auronedes  jardins 129 

AURUM 145 

ET   NATRUM   MURIATE     .    .     .    .  146 

et  natrum  muriaticum 146 

foliatum 145 

METALLICUM 145 

MURIATE 145 

MURIATICUM 145 

MURIATICUM  NATRONATUM  .     .  146 

precipitatum 145 

SULFID 146 

SULPHURATUM 146 

Australian  fever  tree 267 

gum  tree 267 

kino 355 

red  gum 355 

Authors  consulted,  list  of 14 

Ava  kava 455 

Avena  chinensis 147 

nuda 147 


INDEX. 


629 


Avena  orientalis 147 

SATIVA 147 

Avicennia  tomentpsa 102 

Azotate  d'ammoniaque 97 

d'argent 120 

de  pilocarpine 451 

de  potasse 350 

de  soude .    .  418 

Azotite  d'amyl 101 

Azotus  sodicus 418 


Bachbunge 580 

Bachelor's  button 480 

Badiaga 148 

Bahama  cascarilla 189 

Baldriansaures  zinkoxyd 595 

Balisier 181 

Bal-kurai 92 

Balloon  plant 550 

Ball-wood 307 

Balmony 199 

snake-head 199 

Balsam  apple 402 

of  copaiba 230 

of  Peru 148 

weed 300 

Balsamum  indicum  nigrum    .    .    .    .148 

PERUVIANUM 148 

peruvianum  nigrum 148 

Baltic  pine 453 

Banded  rattlesnake 238 

Baneberry '•    •    73 

BAPTISIA  TINCTORIA 149 

Baptisie 149 

Barba  caprina 532 

Barbadoes  nut 337 

Barberry 159 

Bardana 360 

Bardane 360 

Barenbeere 572 

Barentraube 572 

Barii  acetas 152 

carbonas 152 

chloridum 153 

iodidum 153 

BARIUM  ACETATE 152 

CARBONATE 152 

carbonicum 152 

chlorid 153 

IODID 153 

MURIATE 153 

Barlappsamen 375 

BAROSMA  CRENATA 150 

crenulata 150 

eckloniana 150 

odoratum 150 

SERRATIFOLIA 151 

Barworz 163 

Baryosma  odorata 150 

tongo 562 


BARYTA  ACETICA .   .  152 

CARBONICA 152 

IODATA 153 

MURIATIC  A 153 

Barytae  carbonas 152 

chloricum 153 

Basisches  Wismuthnitrat 161 

Bastard  Brazil  wood 227 

dittany 248 

ipecac   566 

wormwood 91 

Bat  weed 360 

Baume  de  cheval 225 

de  copahu       230 

de  Peron 148 

Baumwolle 301 

Bayberry 408 

Bear  grass 588 

Bearberry 571 

Bearded  darnel 372 

usnea 570 

Bear's  breech 163 

foot 314,470 

grape 572 

leaf 470 

weed 262 

Beaver 191 

poison 209 

root 425 

tree 380 

Bebeerin  sulfate 154 

BEBEERINUM  SULFATE 154 

SULPHURICUM 154 

Beberiae  sulphas 154 

Beberinae  sulphas 154 

Bee  sting 113 

Beechdrop 258 

Beifuss 130 

Belladone' 155 

BELLADONNA 154 

baccifera 154 

trichotoma 154 

BELLIS  PERENNIS 156 

Bena 104 

Benedictendistel 187 

Benjoin 157 

Be"noite 297 

Benthamidia  Florida   ......  233 

BENZINUM  NITRATE 156 

NITRICUM 156 

petrolii 156 

Benzpas  ammonicus 94 

lithicus 367 

Benzoate  d'ammoniaque 94 

de  lithine 367 

of  lithium 367 

Benzoe 157 

Benzoesaure 55 

Benzoesaures  Ammonium 94 

Lithion 367 

Benzoic  acid 55 


630 


INDEX. 


Benzoin 157 

BENZOINUM 157 

Berberia 158 

Berberin 158 

Berberine 158 

BERBERINUM 158 

BERBERIS  AQUIFOLIUM 158 

canadensis  dumetorum   .    .    .    .159 

irritabalis 159 

pisifera 159 

serrulata 159 

sinensis 159 

VULGARIS 159 

Berberitzen 159 

Berce 163 

Bergol 444 

Bergpetersilie        142 

Berry-bearing  aralia 117 

buckthorn 488 

Berufkraut 261 

Bettie-grass 82 

Betula  triphylla 492 

Bibergeil 191 

Bibernell 453 

Bibliography 15 

Biborate  of  soda 161 

Bichloride  of  mercury 390 

Bichromate  de  potasse 342 

of  potash 342 

of  potassium 342 

Bichromas  kalicus 342 

Bicyanide  of  mercury 391 

Big-leaved  ivy 54 

Bignonia 292 

caroba 335 

sempervirens 292 

Bilsenkraut 323 

Bingelkraut 388 

Biniodide  of  mercury 393 

Biniodidum  hydrargyri 393 

Bird  cherry 47 1 

pepper 184 

Bird's  nest 403 

Birming 181 

Birth  wort 123 

Bismuth  sub-nitrate 161 

Bismuthi  magisterium 161 

oxidum 160 

subnitras 161 

Bismuthous  oxid 160 

Bismuthum  album 161 

OXID 160 

OXYDATUM 160 

SUB-NITRATE 161 

SUBNITRICUM l6l 

Bisulphide  of  arsenic 129 

Biting  knot 466 

persicaria 466 

Bitter  almond 100 

apple        226 

ash 268 


Bitter  bugle  , 
candytuft 
chamomile 
cucumber 
gourd  .  . 
herb  .  .  . 
red-berry  . 
root  .  .  . 
willow  .  . 
wood  . 


199) 


worm 

wort 

Bittersiiss 

Bittersweet 

nightshade 

Black  alder 471, 

berried  European  alder  .    .    .    . 

bryony  

cohosh  

elder  

haw 

hellebore 

henbane   

lead   ...    

locust    

mustard 

nightshade 

oxide  of  manganese 

parsley 

pepper  

radish 

root 

snakeroot     

spider  of  Curacjoa 

spruce  

sulfid  of  antimony 

sulphuret  of  mercury 

tang 

willow 

Black-berried  bryony 

white  bryony 

Blackthorn  

Bladder  fucus 

Bladder-podded  cardinal  flower  .  . 

lobelia 

Blanc  de  plomb 

Blasentang 

Blattaria 

Blattrige  Wolfsmilch 

Blauholz 

Blazing  star 82, 

Bleeding  heart 

Blei 

Bleicarbonat 

Bleioxyd 

Bleiweiss 

Bleizucker 

Blessed  thistle 187, 

Blind  nettle 

Blister  beetle 

Blitum  americanum . 


376 

325 
198 
226 
226 
499 
233 
"3 
504 

478 
387 
295 
255 
255 
255 
488 
508 
547 

211 

507 

582 

315 
323 
302 

497 
526 

529 
384 
273 
456 
484 

363 

21  I 

558 

52 

IO9 

397 
289 

504 
165 
165 

472 
289 

37i 
37° 
462 
289 
577 
273 
3°9 
3'6 
246 
464 
462 
461 
462 
461 
1 88 
359 
183 
449 


INDEX. 


Blood  root 509 

stanch  261 

Blooming  spurge 272 

Blue  cardinal  flower 371 

cohosh 192 

flag 334 

gum  tree 267 

lobelia 371 

pimpernel 515 

skull  cap 515 

stone 244 

vervain 578 

vitriol 244 

Blue-berried  cornus 234 

dogwood 234 

Blueberry  root 192 

Blumenrohr 181 

Blutlangensalz 347 

Blutwurzel 509 

Bog  onion 133 

bean 387 

Bois  amer 478 

d'Inde 309 

de  Campeche 309 

de  gaiac 306 

de  gayac 306 

de  plomb 196 

Boletus  laricis 467 

officinalis 467 

pinus 468 

purgans    467 

Bon-homme 577 

Boneset ...'...  270 

Bonnet  de  pretre 269 

Bonplandia  angostura 105 

trifoliata 105 

Bookoo 150 

Boras  sodicus 161 

Borate  de  soude 161 

of  sodium 161 

BORAX 161 

veneta 161 

Bore  tree 508 

Boric  acid 56 

Borsaiire 56 

Botany  Bay  kino 355 

Botrophis  actaeoides 211 

serpentaria 211 

Bouillon-blanc 577 

Bourquepine 487 

Bourse  de  pasteur 559 

Bovist ; 162 

BOVISTA 162 

officinalis 162 

lycopodon 162 

nigrescens 162 

Bowman's  root 272,  363 

Box-tree 233 

Boxberry 291 

Boxwood 233 

Brachyglottis  forsteri 162 


BRACHYGLOTTIS  REPENS 162 

BRANCA  URSINA 163 

Brassica  alba 525 

nigra 526 

sinapioides 526 

Braunstein  Mangansuperoxyd  .    .   .  384 

Braunwurz 515 

Brazilian  burdock 312 

cocoa 442 

morning  glory 229 

snakeroot 122 

Brechweinstein 552 

Brechwurzel 332 

Breitblatteriger 566 

Brennende  Waldrebe 217 

Brennessel 569 

Brillensohlange 411 

Brimstone 541 

Brinton  root 364 

Brinvilliers 531 

Broad  gum  plant 304 

Broad-leaved  laurel 354 

Brom 164 

Bromammonium 94 

Bromated  camphor 180 

Bromcalcium 171 

Br6me 164 

Bromide  of  calcium 171 

of  iron 278 

of  lithium 368 

of  potassium 343 

of  sodium 415 

of  zinc 590 

Bromin 164 

Brominated  camphor 180 

Brominium 164 

BROMIUM 164 

Bromkalium 343 

Bromlithium 368 

Bromnatrium 415 

Bromum 164 

Bromure  d'ammonium 94 

de  calcium 171 

de  lithium        368 

de  potassium 343 

de  sodium 415 

de  zinc 590 

ferreux 278 

Bromuretum  kalicum 343 

lithicum 368 

potassicum 343 

sodicum 4'5 

Bromzink ; 590 

Brookbean 387 

Brooklime 580 

Broom  rape 258 

Broomshell  flower 199 

Brown  ipecac 332 

mustard 526 

Brucia 165 

Brucin. 165 


632 


INDEX. 


BRUCINUM 165 

Brugmansia  Candida 247 

gardneri 247 

BRYONIA  ALBA 165 

vera 165 

Bucchu 151 

Buchu 150 

crenata 150 

Buckbean  387 

Buckeye 75 

tree 75 

Buckthorn 487, 488 

alder 488 

Buckwheat 276 

Bug  agaric 77,  78 

Bugbane 211 

Bugle  weed 370,  376 

Buku 150,  151 

Bukublatter 150 

Bulbous  crowfoot 481 

Bulrush 339 

Burdock 360 

Burnet  saxifrage 453 

Burning  bush 268,  269 

Burr  flowers 322 

Burwort 480 

Busserole 572 

Butter  and  eggs 365 

bur 567 

horse  weed 261 

nut 337 

weed 261 

Buttercup 480,481 

Butterfly  weed 139 

Button  bush 195,  196 

snake-root 263 

Buttonwood 196 


Cabaret  de  1'Europe 136 

Cactus  bonplandii 196 

GRANDIFLORUS 166 

humifusus 435 

opuntia 435 

Cadmic  sulfate 168 

sulfid 167 

Cadmii  sulphas 168 

sulphidum 167 

CADMIUM  SULFATE 168 

SULFID 167 

SULPHURATUM 167 

SULPHURICUM 168 

Cafe" 223 

Cafe*ine 168 

Caffeia 168 

CAFFEIN 168 

Caffeina 168 

Caffeine 168 

CAFFEINUM 168 

Cahinca 169 

CAINCA 169 


Cainga 169 

Caincawurzel 169 

Caieputol 430 

Calabar  bean 448 

CALADIUM  SEGUINUM 170 

Calandine 199 

CALCAREA  ACETATE  HAHN.  ...  170 

ACETICA 170 

ARSENIATE 171 

ARSENICICA 171 

BROMATA 171 

BROMID 171 

CARBONATE  HAHN 172 

CARBONICA 172 

CAUSTIC 172 

CAUSTICA 172 

FLUORICA 173 

FLUORID 173 

HYPOPHOSPHITE 174 

HYPOPHOSPHOROSA      174 

IODATA 174 

IODID 174 

MURIATE 175 

MURIATICA 175 

ostrearum 172 

OXALATE 175 

OXALICA 175 

PHOSPHATE 176 

PHOSPHORICA 176 

SULFATE 176 

SULPHURICA 176 

Calcic  chlorid 175 

fluorid 173 

hypophosphis 174 

iodide 174 

sulfate 176 

Calcii  arsenias 171 

bromidum 171 

chloridum 175 

fluoridum 173 

hydras 172 

hypophosphis 174 

iodas 174 

phosphas  praecipitatus     .    .    .   .176 

sulphas 176 

Calcined  magnesia 379 

Calcis  hydras 172 

phosphas 176 

sulphas 176 

Calcitrapa  lanuginosa 187 

Calcium  acetate  of  Hahnemann  .   .  170 

arsenate 171 

bromatum 171 

bromid 171 

carbonate  of  Hahnemann  .   .    .172 

chloratum 175 

chlorid 175 

fluorid 173 

hydrate 172 

hypophosphite 174 

hypophosphorosum 174 


INDEX. 


633 


Calcium  iodid 

oxalate 

phosphate 

phosphoricum 

sulfate 

Calciumkarbonat 
Calciumphosphat 
Calciumsulfat 
CALENDULA  OFFICINALIS 
Calico  bush 
Callicocca  ipecacuanha 
Callistachya  virginica 
Calomel 
Calomelas 

Calonyction  speciosum 
CALOTROPIS  GIGANTEA 

hamiltonii 


Erocera 
a  alpina 

arctica 

officinalis 

PALUSTRIS 

sativa 

vulgaris 
Calvi  siliginis 
Camzedaphnefoliis  tini 
Cambogia 
Camellia  thea 

theifera 

Campanula  sylvestris 
Campecheholz 
Camphor 

monobromid 

officinarum 
CAMPHORA 

MONOBROMATA 
Camphre 

monobrome* 
Canada  fleabane 


ginger  ............ 

root   ............. 

snake-root   ........  135, 

thistle   ............ 

turnip   ............ 

wormwood  .......... 

Canadian  asarabacca  ....... 

elder  ............. 

moonseed    .......... 

rock-rose  ........... 

Canadische  Gelbwurzel  ...... 

Hanfwurzel     ......... 

Hazelwurzel    ......... 

Hollunder    .......... 

Canadischer  Thee    ........ 

Canadisches  Kernel  ....... 

Mondkorn   .......... 

Sonnenroschen  ........ 

Cancer-root  ........... 

weed  ............. 

Candelaria  ........... 

Candle  berry  ........... 


174 
175 
176 
176 
176 
172 
176 
176 
177 
354 
332 
363 
392 
392 
229 
178 
178 
178 
124 
179 
177 
179 
177 
177 
516 
354 
290 
557 
557 
249 
309 
179 
180 
179 
179 

180 

179 
180 
261 
135 
139 
225 
215 
133 
386 
135 
507 
386 
216 
320 
114 
135 
507 
291 
232 
386 
216 
258 
410 
577 
408 


Canella  zeylanica 215 

Canelle 215 

CANNA  ANGUSTIFOLIA 181 

glauca 181 

Cannabis  europea 182 

chinensis 182 

INDICA 181 

SATIVA 182 

Cantharides 183 

CANTHARIS 183 

vesicatoria 183 

Capsella  bursa  pastoris 559 

CAPSICUM  ANNUUM 184 

cordiforme 184 

grossum 184 

longum 184 

Carapicho 312 

Carbazotate  of  ammonium    ....    98 

Carbazotic  acid 66 

CARBO  ANIMALIS 185 

ligni 186 

mineralis 302 

praeparatus 186 

vegetabilis 186 

Carbolic  acid 56 

Carbolsaure 56 

CARBON  DISULFID 186 

Carbonas  ammonicus 95 

baryticus 152 

ferrosus 279 

kalicus 344 

lithicus 369 

magnesicus 377 

plumbicus 462 

potassicus 344 

sodicus 415 

stronticus 538 

Carbonate  d'ammoniaque 95 

de  baryte 152 

de  chau 172 

de  cuivre 242 

de  lithine 369 

de  manganese 382 

de  magnetic 377 

de  plomb 462 

de  potasse 344 

de  soude 415 

de  strontiane 538 

lithique 369 

of  barium 152 

of  copper 242 

of  iron 279 

of  lead 462 

of  lithium 369 

of  manganese 382 

of  magnesium 377 

of  nickel 42 1 

of  potassium 344 

of  sodium 415 

of  strontium 538 

Carbonei  disulphidum 186 


634 


INDEX. 


Carboneum  sulfuratum 186 

Carbonii  bisulphidum 186 

CARBONIUM  SULPHURATUM    .   .   .  186 

Cardinal  flower 369 

CARDUUS  BENEDICTUS 187 

MARIANUS 188 

plant 187 

Caroba  bark 335 

Carobablatter 335 

Carolina  jessamine 292 

Carpenter's  square 515 

Carpopogon  pruriens 252 

Carrot  weed 91 

Carum  aureum 556 

petroselinum 445 

CARYA  ALBA 189 

squamosa 189 

Carophyllata  alba 297 

Cascara    489 

sagrada 489 

CASCARILLA 189 

bark 189 

Cascarille 189 

Caschunuss 102 

Cassia  acutifolia 521 

aethiopica 521 

lanceolata 521 

lenitiva 521 

obovata 521 

officinalis 521 

senna 521 

Castalia  pudica 425 

Castanea  edulis 190 

VESCA 190 

Castaneae  equinas 76 

Castiglionia  lobata 337 

Castor 191 

fiber 191 

oil 431 

oil  plant 496 

CASTOREUM 191 

sibiricum 191 

Cat  thyme 555 

Catch  fly 113 

Catharticum  aureum 290 

Caules  dulcamara 255 

CAULOPHYLLUM  THALICTROIDES  .  192 

Caustic  potash 344 

soda 416 

CAUSTICUM 193 

Cayenne  pepper 184 

Ce"anothe 194 

CEANOTHUS  AMERICANUS    ....  194 

herbaceous 194 

intermedius 194 

officinalis 194 

perennis 194 

sanguineus 194 

tardiflorus 194 

trinervus 194 

Cebadilla 500 


Cedre  de  Virginie 340 

CEDROX 195 

Ce"dron 195 

Cedron-Bohne 195 

Cedrone 195 

Cedrus  lycea      560 

Celandine 198 

Celery-leaved  buttercup 483 

crowfoot 483 

Celtic  nard 124 

Centaurea  benedicta 187 

Centauroidis 303 

Century  plant 79 

Cepa 83 

marina 513 

Cephaslis  emetica 332 

ipecacuanha 332 

CEPHALANTHUS  OCCIDENTALIS  .   .  195 

Cerasus  folio  laurino 362 

laurocerasus   362 

padus 472 

racemosus 472 

serotina,  D.  C 473 

trapezuntina 362 

virginiana  (Michaux) 473 

Cerbera  lactaria 549 

laurifolia 549 

odollam 549 

tanghin 549 

CEREUS  BONPLANDII 196 

grandiflorus 166 

Cerii  oxalas 197 

CERIUM  OXALATE 197 

OXALICUM 197 

Ceroxalat 197 

Cerussa    462 

nigra 302 

Cevadilla 500 

seeds 500 

Chamaedaphne 399 

Chamaelia  germanica 399 

Chamaelirium  carolinianum   .    .    .   .316 

luteum 316 

Chamaemelum  vulgare 197 

Chamaerops  serrulata 501 

Chamomile 107,  197 

CHAMOMILLA 191 

nobilis 107 

nostras 197 

officinalis 197 

vulgaris 197 

Chamomille  commune 198 

romaine 107 

Chanvre 182 

du  Canada 1 14 

indien 185 

Charbon  vestal 186 

Chardon  be"nit 187 

Marie 188 

Chasse-diable 324 

Chaste  tree  ....  ...    80 


INDEX. 


635 


Chitaigne 190 

Chatium 87 

Chaux  hydrate"e 172 

Checkerberry 291,401 

Chelapa 336 

Che*lidoine 199 

Chelidonium  haematodes 199 

MAJUS 198 

Chelone 199 

alba 199 

GLABRA 199 

obliqua 199 

Chenopodium  ambrosioides  var.  an- 

thelmintica 200 

ANTHELMINTICUM 2OO 

suffruticosum 200 

Cherry  bay  .  ; 362 

laurel  362 

Chestnut 190 

Chichorium  sylvestre 208 

Chick  pea 361 

Chickling 361 

Chicore"e 208 

Chicory 208 

Chicot 308 

Chiendent 567 

Children's  bane 209 

Chilisalpeter 418 

Chilly 184 

Chimaphila  corymbosa 201 

UMBELLATA 2OI 

China  amara  aromatica 105 

fusca 213 

officinalis 213 

rhubarb 490 

root 250 

Chinarinde 213 

Chinese  physic 116 

sumach 81 

Chinesicher  Thee 557 

Chinin 204 

Chininhydrochlorat  ........  203 

Chininsulfat 204 

CHININUM 204 

ARSENIATE 2O2 

ARSENICICUM       2O2 

ARSENICOSUM 203 

ARSEMTE 203 

ferro-citricum 285 

hydrochloricum 203 

MURIATE 203 

MURIATICUM 203 

PURUM 204 

SULFATE 204 

SULPHURICUM 204 

Chiococca  anguicida 169 

anguifuga 169 

densifoha 169 

racemosa 169 

Chionanthe 205 

CHIONANTHUS  VIRGINICA    ....  205 
Chittem  bark 489 


Chlor 206 

magnesium 378 

Chloramidure  de  mercure 394 

Chlorammonium 96 

Chloras  kalicus 345 

potassicus       345 

Chlorate  de  potasse 345 

of  potash 345 

of  potassium 345 

Chlorbaryum 153 

Chlorcalcium 175 

Chlore 206 

Chlorhydrate  d'apomorphine    .   .   .115 

de  morphine 405 

de  quinine 203 

Chlorhydric  acid 62 

Chlorid  of  gold 145 

Chloride  of  barium 153 

of  calcium 175 

of  gold 145 

of  gold  and  sodium 146 

of  iron 283 

of  magnesium 378 

of  manganum 383 

of  potassium  .   .       349 

of  silver 120 

of  sodium    . 417 

of  zinc 592 

Chloridum  calcicum 175 

vel  chloruretum  ferricum    .   .    .  283 

Chlorin 206 

Chlorine 206 

CHLORINUM 206 

Chlornatrium 417 

Chlorsaures  Kali 345,  349 

CHLORUM 206 

Chlorure  d'ammonium 96 

d'argent 120 

d'or 145 

d'or  et  de  sodium 146 

de  baryum 153 

de  calcium 175 

de  magnesium 378 

de  potassium 349 

de  sodium 417 

de  zinc 592 

ferrique 283 

mercurique 390 

Chloruretum  ferricum 283 

hydrargyrosum 392 

potassicum 349 

spdicum 417 

zincicum 592 

Chlorwasserstoffsaiire 62 

Chlorzink 592 

Chocolate  root 545 

Chondodendron  tomentosum    .   .   .  438 

Chopnut  448 

Chougras 449 

Christmas  rose ....  315 

Christopheriana    canadensis    race- 
mosa       211 


636 


INDEX. 


Christophswurz 73 

Chromate  of  lead 463 

of  potash 346 

of  potassium 346 

Chrome  yellow 463 

Chromic  acid 57 

anhydrid 57 

Chromium  trioxid 57 

Chromsaure 57 

Chrysanthemum  chamomilla  .  .  .  198 

latifolium 124 

Chrysarobin 207 

Chrysarobine 207 

CHRYSAROBINUM 207 

Cichorie 208 

ClCHORIUM  INTYBUS 208 

Cicuta  228 

aquatica 210 

MACULATA 209 

VIROSA 210 

vulgaris 228 

Cicutaria  aquatica 210 

maculata 209 

Ciege  a  grandes  fleurs 166 

Cigue  aquatique .  446 

d'Amerique 209 

des  Jardins 76 

vireuse 210 

ClMICIFUGA  RACEMOSA 211 

serpentaria 211 

CINA 212 

americana 200 

Cinchona  calisaya 213 

cinerea 213 

cordifolia 213 

corona 213 

flava 213 

lancifolia 213 

oblongifolia 213 

OFFICINALIS 213 

rubra 213 

Cinchoniae  sulphas 214 

Cinchonin  sulfate 214 

Cinchoninae  sulphas 214 

ClNCHONlNUM   SULFATE     ....        214 
SULPHURICUM 214 

Cinnamon 215 

ClNNAMOMUM     .    . 215 

zeylanicum 215 

Cinque 566 

ClRSIUM  ARVENSE 215 

Cissampelos  smilacina 386 

Cissus  hedercea 99 

ClSTUS   CANADENSE 2l6 

chamaerhododendros 354 

helianthemum 216 

ramuliflorum 216 

Citras  ferrico-quinicus 285 

Citrate  de  fer  et  de  strychnine  .    .      286 

of  iron  and  quinine 285 

of  iron  and  strychnine 286 


Citric  acid 58 

Citronensaiire 58 

Citronensaures  Eisen-Strychnin  .  .  286 

Citrullus  coloynthis 226 

Clavaria  clavus 516 

Claviceps  purpurea 516 

Clavus  secalinum 516 

CLEMATIS  ERECTA 217 

hirsutissima 476 

recta 217 

Clematite  deorte 217 

Clevalier 587 

Clover 563 

Club  moss 375 

Cluster-flowered  snow-berry  ....  169 

Clutia  eluteria 189 

Cnicus  benedictus 187 

marianus 188 

Coakum 449 

Coal  oil 444 

COBALT 218 

COBALTUM  METALLICUM 218 

Cobra  de  capello 411 

Coca 265 

leaves .  265 

Cocablatter 265 

Cocain  hydrochlorid 219 

Cocainae  hydrochloras 219 

COCAINUM    MURIATE 219 

MURIATICUM 219 

Coccinella  indica 220 

Coccionella 220 

COCCULUS   INDICUS 219 

suberosus 219 

COCCUS    CACTI 220 

chamelacus 399 

gnidus  .....    399 

Cochenille 220 

Cochineal 220 

COCHLEARIA   ARMORACIA      .    .     .    .221 

rusticana 221 

Cock-up-hat 536 

Cockspur     517 

pepper 184 

rye 517 

Cod  liver  oil 430 

Codeia 222 

Codein -222 

Codeina 222 

Codeine 222 

CODEINUM 222 

Coffea  arable 223 

CRUDA 223 

laurifolia 223 

vulgaris 223 

Coffee 223 

Cohosh 73 

Colchicum  anglicum 224 

AUTUMNALE 223 

commune 224 

Colchique 224 


INDEX. 


637 


Colic  root 82,  139,  250,  316 

Collard 470 

COLLINSONIA   CANADENSIS  .    .     .    .  225 

decussata 225 

ovalis 225 

scrotina 225 

Collinsonie 225 

COLOCYNTH 226 

Colocynthis  vulgaris ,    .  226 

Colombo  d'AmeYique 288 

Coloquinte 226 

Color  indicus 329 

Colt's  foot 135,  568 

tail 261 

Columbo 288 

Comfrey 545 

Commelina 562 

Committee  on  pharmacopeia,  list  of    13 

Common  arum 132 

avens 297 

chamomile 107 

cherry  laurel 362 

cow  parsnip 163 

crowfoot 483 

dwale 155 

elder 507 

English  walnut 338 

European  elder 508 

everlasting 299 

gentian 295 

hive  bee in 

horse-chestnut 76 

house  leek 518 

linden 561 

mullein 577 

myrtle 409 

nettle 568 

nightshade 529 

pawpaw 140 

periwinkle 583 

pimpernel 103 

rush 339 

salt 417 

sea  wrack 289 

smooth  alder 85 

sorrel    497 

star  fish 142 

sumach 493 

sunflower 312 

tag  alder 85 

tansy 548 

vervain 579 

wormwood 52 

Comoclade 227 

COMOCLADIA   DENTATA 227 

Compass  plant 524 

Concombre  sauvage 257 

Condor  plant 240 

CONDURANGO 240 

Cones,  medicated 48 

Coniferes 553 


CONIUM   MACULATUM 228 

major 228 

Consolida  indica 546 

majoris 545 

Consoude    545 

Consumptive's  weed 262 

Contents 3 

Contrajerva  virginiana 123 

CONVALLARIA  MAJALIS 229 

CONVOLVULUS  DUARTINUS  ....  229 

jalapa 336 

pulcherrimus 229 

purga 336 

Copaifera  glabra 230 

jacquini 230 

lansdorffii 230 

laxa 230 

multijunga 230 

nitida 230 

officinalis 230 

sellowii 230 

COPAIVA   OFFICINALIS 230 

Copaivabalsam 230 

Copper     243 

verditer 241 

wire 243 

Coque  du  Levant 219 

Coquille  a  pourpre 407 

Corail  rouge 231 

Coral  snake 256 

viper 256 

CORALLIUM  RUBRUM 231 

Coriandrum  cicuta 228 

CORIARIA    RUSCIFOLIA 232 

sarmentosa 232 

tormentosa 232 

Corn  cockle 81 

fever-few 198 

smut 571 

snake-root 263 

Cornea 232 

Cornouille  soyeux 234 

Cornouiller  a  feuilles  arrondies     .    .  232 
Cornuillier  a  grandes  fleurs   ....  233 

Cornus  alba 234 

amomum 234 

CIRCINATA 232 

coerulea 234 

cyanocarpus 234 

FLORIDA 233 

lanuginosa 234 

obliqua 234 

polygama 234 

rubinginosa 234 

rugosa  232 

SERICEA 234 

tomentulosa 232 

Corpse  plant 403 

Corrosive  mercuric  chlorid  ....  390 

sublimate 390 

Cortusae  syriaca    .    .       555. 


638 


INDEX. 


Corvisartia  helenium 331 

Cotton  plant 300,  301 

COTYLEDON  UMBILICUS 235 

Cotylet 235 

Couch  grass 567 

Couleuvre'e 165 

Coumaroumaodorata 562 

Countryman's  treacle 499 

Couronne  de  Saint-Jean 130 

Cow  cabbage 425 

collard 470 

lily 425 

parsley 163 

Cowbane 210 

Cowhage 252 

Cowitch 252 

Cowslip 179 

Cramp  bark 581 

Cranberry  tree 581 

Crane  willow 196 

Cranesbill 295 

Creeping  buttercup 482 

crowfoot ....  483 

wintergreen 291 

Crepitus  lupi 162 

Creosote  236 

Creosote  236 

CREOSOTUM 236 

Crocus 476 

autumnalis 237 

hispanicus 237 

officinalis .   .  237 

orsinii 237 

SATIVUS 237 

verus 237 

Crosswort 270,  294 

gentian 294 

CROTALUS 238 

durissus 238 

horridus 238 

Croton  eleuteria 189 

glabellus  elutheria 189 

jamalgota 239 

oil 239 

oil  plant 239 

TIGLIUM 239 

Crotonol 239 

Crow  corn 82 

poison 576 

Crowfoot 295,481 

buttercup 480 

Crystallized  verdigris 241 

Crystals  of  Venus 241 

Crystaux  de  Ve'nus 241 

Cuban  spider 551 

tarantula 551 

Cubeb  pepper 239 

CUBEBA   OFFICINALIS 239 

Cube*be 239 

Cubebs    239 

Cubic  niter 418 


Cuckoo-pint 132 

Cucumis  agrestis 257 

colocynthis 226 

asininus 257 

Cuivre 243 

Culver's  physic 364 

root 363 

CUNDURANGO 240 

Cunila  pulegioides 311 

Cupameni 53 

Cupreum  filum 243 

Cupri  acetas 241 

carbonas 242 

sulfas 243 

Cupric  acetate 241 

carbonate 242 

sulphate 243 

Cuprii  arsenis 242 

CUPRUM 243 

ACETATE 241 

ACETICUM 241 

ARSENICOSUM 242 

ARSENITE 242 

CARBONATE 242 

CARBONICUM 242 

METALLICUM 243 

SULPHATE 243 

SULPHURICUM    .......  243 

vitriolatum 244 

CURARE 244 

Curare* 244 

Curcas  purganus 337 

Curled  dock 498 

Cursed  crowfoot 483 

thistle 187 

Curum-ape* 442 

Cuscus 104 

Cuspari  bark 105 

Cusparia  febrifuga 105 

trifoliata 105 

Cyanhydric  acid 60 

Cyanide  of  potassium 347 

of  silver 118 

of  zinc 591 

Cyankalium 347 

Cyanquecksilver 391 

Cyanure  d'argent 118 

de  mercure  i 391 

de  potassium 347 

de  zinc 591 

Cyanuret  of  mercury 391 

of  silver 118 

Cyanuretum  ferroso-potassicum  .    .  347 

kalicum 347 

potassicum 347 

zincicum 591 

Cyanwasserstoffsaiire 60 

CYCLAMEN  EUROPIUM 245 

hederaefolium 245 

neopolitanum 245 

officinalis 245 


INDEX. 


639 


Cyclamen  orbiculare 245 

vernum 245 

Cymbostemon  parvirlorus 328 

Cynocrambes -.    .  388 

Cypripedium  luteum 246 

PUBESCENS 246 


Daisy 

Dandelion 

Daphne  cannabina 

gnidium .    .    .   . 

INDICA 

lagetto 

laureola    

mezereum 

odora  

Daphnidostaphyllis  fendleriana  .  . 

Daphnoides 

Darnel 

DATURA  ARBOREA  

lurida 

stramonium 

David's  root 

Dead  nettle 

tongue  

Deadly  nightshade 154, 

Death  of  man 

Deer  berry 

Deerweed 

Delphinium  staphysagria 

Dens  leonis 

Dent  de  lion 

Desrosnesches  Salz 

Deutoioduretum  hydrargyri  .  .  .  . 

Deuto-sulfate  de  mercure 

Deutoxide  rouge  de  mercure  .  .  . 

Devil  tree 

Devil's  apple 

Devil's  bit .82, 


Devil's  bones 

Diadem  spider 

Diammonium  orthophosphate  . 
Dictamne 

DlCTAMNUS   ALBUS 

fraxinella 

Die  Astlose 

Diffenbachia  seguina 

Digallic  acid 

Digitalis  minima? 

PURPUREA  

speciosa 

tomentosa 

Dihydroxysuccinic  acid  .... 
Dilatris  caroliniana 

tinctoria 

Dilutions 

preparation  of 

Dimercurosammonium  nitrate  . 
Dioscorea  paniculata 

quinata 


156 
549 
247 
399 
247 
247 
399 
399 
247 
572 
399 
372 
247 
537 
537 
169 

359 
426 

'55 
209 
401 

211 

534 
55° 
55° 
413 
393 
397 
394 
87 
537 
3i6 

250 
117 

98 
248 
248 
248 
227 
170 

69 
303 
249 
249 
249 

70 
356 
356 

39 

4i 
395 
250 
250 


DIOSCOREA  VILLOSA 250 

Diosma  crenata 150 

crenulata 150 

latifolia 150 

serratifolia 151 

Dioxysalicylic  acid 59 

Dioxysuccmic  acid 70 

Dippel's  animal  oil 429 

Diptam  Wurtzel 248 

Dipterix  odorata 562 

DlRCA   PALUSTRIS 251 

Diserneston  gummiferum 92 

Dispensing  alcohol 28 

Distilled  water 29 

Disulphide  of  carbon 186 

Dita  bark 87 

Ditarinde 87 

Ditch-stone  crop 443 

Diuretic  salt 341 

Divisibility  of  soluble  medicinal  sub- 
stances   41 

Dr.  Tinker's  weed 566 

Dog  grass 566,  567 

parsley 76 

poison 76 

wood 495 

Dog's-bane     113 

mercury 388 

Dogwood 232,  233 

Doldensormiges  Wintergriin     .    .    .201 

DOLICHOS  PRURIENS 252 

Doppeltchromsaures  Kali 342 

Dorema  ammoniacum 92 

Doronicum  austriacum  quartum  .    .124 

germanicum 124 

montanum 124 

oppositi  folium 124 

plantaginis  folio  alternum  .    .    .124 

Double  peony 437 

spruce 52 

tansy 548 

Douce-amere 255 

Drachen  aron 131 

Dracontium  foetidum 470 

Dragon  root 131 

Dragon's  root 133 

turnip 133 

Dreiblatt 388 

Dreibliittriger  Aron 133 

Dreilappige  asamine 139 

Dreistein 566 

Drooping  trillium 565 

usnea 570 

Drop  water 426 

Drop-wort 446 

Drosera  capillaris 253 

ROTUNDIFOLIA 253 

Drugs  and  medicinal  substances  .  .  32 

preparations  from  34 

treatment  of 34 

Dryopteris  filix  mas 287 


640 


INDEX. 


Duboisa 254 

DUBOISA   MYOPOROIDES 254 

Duck's  foot 465 

DULCAMARA 255 

flexuosa    255 

Dulcis  amara 255 

Dumb  cane 170 

Durchwachsdost 271 

Dutch  rush 259 

Dwarf  nettle 569 

Dyer's  broom 293 

dilatris 356 

greenweed 293 

weed 293 


Early  anemone 

Earthgall 

Eau  d'ammoniaque 

Eberrante 

Ecbalium  agreste 

elaterium 

officinarum 

Echites  acuminata 

hirsuta 

scholaris 

£corce  d'angusture 

de  cerisier  de  Virginie     .... 

de  dita 

de  manc,6ne 

de  quillaya 

de  racine  de  Mudar 

Edelleberkraut 

Ehrenpreis 

Eibenbaum .  .  . 

Einbeere  

Eisenbromid 

Eisenchinincitrat 

Eisenchlorid . 

Eisenhart 

Eisenhut 

Eisenkraut  

Eisenlactat 

Eisenoxydul 

ELAPS  CORALLINUS 

ELATERIUM 

cordifolium 

Elder 507, 

blooms 

Elecampane 

Eleuthera  bark 

Elk  tree 

Eltebore  noir 

Ellebprum  album 

nigrum 

Emetic  herb 

mushroom 

weed 

Encens 

Endodeca  bartonii 

serpentaria 


576 

95 
129 

257 
257 
257 
240 
240 

87 
105 
473 

87 
264 

479 
178 
3i8 
580 
553 
439 
278 
285 
283 
579 
7i 
579 
281 

285 
256 
257 
257 
508 

507 
33i 
189 

436 
315 
575 
3'5 
37° 
78 
37° 
432 
123 

123 


English  daisy 156 

meadow  sweet 532 

walnut 338 

Entenfus .    .465 

Enula  campana 331 

Epeira  diadema 118 

EPIG^A  REPENS 258 

Epine  noire 472 

fipine-vinette 159 

Epiphegus  americanus 258 

VIRGINIANA 258 

fiponge  des  fleuves 148 

Epsom  salt 380 

Equatoria  garciniana 240 

EQUISETUM  HYEMALE 259 

Equivalents  of  weights  and  measures  600 
ERECHTHITES  HIERACIFOLIA  .   .   .  260 

Ergot 517 

of  corn 571 

of  rye 517 

Ergota 516 

ERIGERON  CANADENSE 261 

paniculatus 261 

pusillus 261 

strictum 261 

Eringo 264 

Eriodictyon  californicum 262 

GLUTINOSUM 262 

ERYNGIUM  AQUATICUM 263 

MARITINUM 264 

petiolatum 263 

praelatum 263 

virginianum 263 

yuccasfolium 263 

Erythrophlaeum  guineense     ....  264 

JUDICIALE 264 

ERYTHROXYLON  COCA 265 

Esere 448 

Eserin 266 

Eserine 266 

ESERINUM 266 

Esprit  de  pe*trole 156 

Essence  de  santal 432 

of  mirbane 156 

Essigsaure 54 

eisen 277 

Essigsaurer  Baryt 152 

Braunstein 382 

Essigsaures  Bleioxyd 461 

kali 34i 

Morphin 405 

Quecksilber 389 

Zinkoxyd 589 

Etain 533 

Ether 31 

tests  of 31 

Ethyledene-lactic 62 

EUCALYPTUS  GLOBOSUS 267 

globulus 267 

355 


EUGENIA  JAMBOS 


267 


INDEX. 


641 


Eugenia  vulgaris 267 

EUONYMUS  ATROPURPUREUS  .    .     .  268 

caroliniensis 268 

EUROP;EUS 269 

latifplius 268 

tristis 268 

EUPATORIUM   AROMATICUM      .     .    .  270 

connatum 270 

maculatum 271 

PERFOLIATUM 270 

PURPUREUM 271 

salviaefolium 270 

ternifolium  .    .........  271 

trifoliatum 271 

verticillatum      271 

virginicum 270 

Euphorbe 272 

EUPHORBIA  COROLLATA 272 

HYPERICIFOLIA 273 

resinifera 274 

tenella 274 

Euphorbium 274 

OFFICINARUM 274 

polygonum 274 

Euphragia  alba 275 

Euphraise  275 

Euphrasia  Candida 275 

latifolia 275 

OFFICINALIS 275 

pratensis 275 

pusilla 275 

Euphrasy 275 

EUPION 276 

European  (black)  alder  buckthorn  .  488 

elder 508 

hellebore .   .575 

pond  lily 423 

snake-root 136 

spindle  tree 269 

vervain 579 

walnut 338 

white  water  lily 425 

Euryangium  sumbul 543 

Eustachya  alba 363 

purpurea      363 

Evening  primrose 427 

Everlasting 299 

Eve's  cup 510 

Exogonium  purga 336 

Expansion 40 

Eye  balm 320 

Eye  bright 275, 370 


Faba  calabrica 448 

febrifuga 326 

indica 326 

physostigmatis 448 

sancta  ignatii 326 

FAGOPYRUM  ESCULENTUM  .   .  .   .  276 
Fairy  fingers 249 


Fairy's  gloves 249 

Fall  crocus 237 

Falsche  Acacien 497 

False  acacia 497 

alder 471 

grape 100 

gromwell 433 

hellebore 576 

ipecac  566 

locust    497 

senna 521 

unicorn 316 

valerian 519 

veratrum 576 

white  cedar 560 

Farberginster 293 

Farine  d'avoine 147 

Feld-Kamille 198 

Fellon  wood 255 

Female  dogwood 234 

Fenchelholzrinde 513 

Fenouil  d'eau     ....       446 

Fer  rediiit  par  Phydrogene     ....  282 

Ferri  acetas 277 

acetatis 277 

arsenias 278 

bromidum 278 

carbonas 279 

chloridum 283 

ET  QUININE   CITRAS 285 

ET   STRYCHNINE   CITRAS    .     .    .  286 

iodidum  saccharatum 280 

lactas    281 

perchloridum 283 

phosphas,  U.  S.  P.,  1860  ....  284 

sulphas 285 

Ferric  acetate 277 

chlorid 283 

chloride 283 

phosphate 284 

Ferrocyanide  of  potassium    ....  347 

Ferrocyankalium 347 

Ferrocyanure  de  potassium  .    .    .   .347 

Ferro-ferric  oxid 281 

Ferrosulfat 285 

Ferrous  arsenate 278 

arsenjate 278 

bromid 278 

carbonate 279 

iodid 280 

lactate  281 

sulfate 285 

sulphate 285 

FERRUM 282 

ACETATE 277 

ACETICUM 277 

ARSENIATE 278 

ARSENICICUM 278 

BROMATUM 278 

BROMID 278 

CARBONATE 279 


642 


INDEX. 


FERRUM  CARBONICUM 279 

hydrogenio  reductum 282 

IODATUM 280 

IOD1D 280 

iodidum 280 

LACTATE 281 

LACTICUM 281 

MAGNETIC 281 

MAGNETICUM 281 

METALLICUM 282 

MURIATE 283 

MURIAT1CUM 283 

muriaticum  oxydatum 283 

PHOSPHATE 284 

PHOSPHORICUM 284 

redactum 282 

reductum 282 

sesquichloratum 283 

SULFATE 285 

SULPHURICUM 285 

vitriolatum  purum 285 

Ferula  asafcetida 134 

narthex 134 

persica 134 

sumbul 543 

Fetid  buckeye 75 

Feuerspinnchen 558 

Feuilles  de  Bucco 150 

de  coca 265 

Feve  de  calabar 448 

de  Saint  Ignace 326 

Tonka 562 

Fever  bush 471 

cure 370 

root 566 

tree 267 

twig 113 

wort 270,  566 

Ficus  infernalis 337 

Fieberklee 388 

Field  jessamine 292 

sorrel    497 

Figue  de  Barbaric 435 

Figwort 514 

FILIX  MAS 287 

Fillsa  suavoliens 264 

Fingerhut 249 

Fire  weed 260 

wood 260 

Fish  mouth 199 

Fit  plant 403 

root 403 

Five  fingers 116 

leaves 100 

Five-leaved  water  hemlock    ....  446 

Flachskraut    365 

Flag  lily 334 

Flammula  jovis 217 

recta 217 

Fleabane 261 

Flechstorchschnabel-Wurzel ....  295 


Fleischfarbige  Schwalbenwurzel  .  137 
Flesh-colored  asclepias 137 

swallow-wort 137 

Fleur  de  la  Trinitd 584 

detons  les  mois 177 

Fleurs  de  soufre 541 

de  tilleul 561 

Fliegenschwamm 78 

Flores  benzoes 55 

sulphuris 54 1 

virides  ae'ris 24 1 

,  zinci 593 

Flos  ommium  mensium 177 

Flowering  spurge 272 

Flowers  of  benzoin 55 

of  sulphur 541 

Fluorspar 173 

FLUORIC  ACID 61 

Fluorwasserstoffsaiire 61 

Flux  root 139 

Fly  agaric 78 

Fly-trap 113,510 

Foeniculum  aquaticum 446 

caballinum 446 

Foetid  hellebore 470 

nightshade 323 

Foie  de  soufre  calcaire 317 

Fole's  foot 136 

Fool's  parsley 76 

FORMIC  ACID 59 

Fougere  male 287 

Four-leaved  grass 439 

Fox  glove 249 

grape 439 

FRAGARIA  VESCA 287 

Fragrant  sumach 492 

Fragulae 288 

Fraisier  vulgaire 288 

Frangula  caroliniana 487, 488 

fragilis 487 

vulgaris 488 

Frankincense 432 

FRASERA  CAROLINENSIS 288 

waited 288 

Frauendistel 188 

Fraxinelle 248 

Frene  e'pineux 587 

Fresh  water  sponge 148 

Friar's  cap 71 

Fringe  tree 205 

Frog  lily 425 

Frost-plant 216 

Frost-weed 216 

Frost-wort 216 

Fucus  vesiculeux 289 

VESICULOSUS 289 

Fuga  dasmpnum 324 

Fungus  chirurgorum 162 

lands 467 

ovatus 162 

Fussblattwurzel 465 


INDEX. 


643 


Galbanum 

Galeopsidis  maculata 

Galiopsis 

Galiote 

Galipea  cusparia 

febrifuga 

officinalis 

Gallic  acid 

Gallowgrass 

Gallussaiire 

Gamboge 

GAMBOGIA 

Ganja 

Gant  de  N6tre  Dame 

Garantogen 

Garcinia  hanburii 

morella,  var.  pedicellata  .... 
Garden  daisy 

heliotrope 

hemlock 

marigold 

nightshade 255, 

parsley 

patience 

radish 


sage 

sunflower 

Garget 

Garlic 

Garten  Raute 

Garten-schierling 

Gartenrettig 

Gastein  rock 

Gattilier  commun 

Gauchheil 

Gaultheria  humilis 

PROCUMBENS 

Gautiera  repens 

procumbens 

Gebrannte  Magnesia  .... 
Gebrauchlicher  Beinwell  .  . 
Gefalltes  Schwefelantimon  , 

Geflecter  Aron 

Gelbe  Seerose 

Wasserlilie 

Gelben  Pastinake 

Gelber  Enzain 

Gelbfrauenschuh-Wurzel  .  . 
Gelsemium  lucidum  .  .  .  . 

nitidum 

SEMPERVIRENS 

Gelsemium  luteum  odoratum 
Gemeine  Barenklau  .  .  .  . 

Erdbeere 

Kastanie 

Petersilie 

General  pharmacy 

Gene*t  des  teinturiers  .  .  .  . 
GENISTA  TINCTORIA  .  .  .  . 
Gensang 


142 
359 
5'5 
297 

i°5 
105 

i°5 

59 

182 

59 
290 
290 
181 
249 
116 
290 
290 
156 

3i3 

76 

177 

529 

445 
498 
484 

499 
506 
216 
449 

84 
499 

76 
484 
360 

80 
103 
291 
291 
291 
291 
379 
545 
in 

132 
423 
423 
556 

295 
246 
292 
292 
292 
292 
163 
288 
76 
445 

21 
293 
293 

1 16 


GENTIANA,  CRUCIATA 294 

LUTEA 295 

lutetia 295 

majoris 295 

minoris 294 

rubea 295 

Gentiane  croisette 294 

jaune 295 

Geranium 295 

inodorum 296 

MACULATUM 295 

pusillum 295 

ROBERTIANUM 296 

Gerberstrauch 232 

Gerbsaiire   .   .       69 

German  chamomile 198 

Germandre'e  maritime 555 

Geum  agrimonides 297 

album 297 

canadense   297 

carolinianum 297 

URBANUM 297 

Gialappa 336 

Gichtrose 437,  491 

Gift  Jasmin 292 

Sumach 494 

Gifthahnenfuss 483 

Giftige  Rebendolde 426 

Giftiger  Aron 170 

Giftlattich 357 

Giftlattichsaft 358 

Gillon 585 

Ginfer  595 

Gingembre 595 

Ginger 595 

Gingiber  albus 595 

niger 595 

Ginseng 116 

Gipsey  weed 376 

wort 376 

Glacial  acetic  acid 54 

Glaieul  bleu 334 

Glandulae  lupuli 373 

Glaseri 353 

Glatte  Chelone 199 

Glauber's  Salt 420 

Glaubersalz 420 

Globe  flower 196 

Globules,  medicated 48 

Glonoin 298 

Glonoine 298 

GLONOINUM 298 

Glouteron 360 

Glycerin 31 

tests  of 31 

Gnadenkraut 303 

Gnaphalium  conoideum 299 

obtusifolium 299 

POLYCEPHALUM 299 

ULIGINOSUM 300 

Gold 145 


644 


INDEX. 


Gold  leaf 145 

Goldchlorid 145 

Golden  alexander 556 

flowered  rhododendron   .    .    .    .491 

rod 530 

seal 320 

senecio 519 

Goldgelb 128 

Goldruthe 530 

Gomme  ammoniaque 92 

Gomme-gutte 290 

Gomme-re'sine  d'euphorbe 274 

Gonolobus  cundurango 240 

tetragonus 240 

Gorgonia  nobilis 231 

Goslin  weed 476 

Gossypium  album 301 

HERBACEUM 300 

nigrum 301 

Gotterbaum 81 

Gouet  a  trois  feuilles 133 

Govet  a  dragon 131 

Graine  de  zedoaria 212 

Grana  tiglii 239 

GRANATUM 301 

Granatum-Baum 301 

Grand  boncage 453 

plantain 457 

soleil 312 

Grande  cigue 228 

gentiane 295 

joubarbe 518 

Graphite 302 

GRAPHITES 302 

GRATIOLA  OFFICINALIS    ......  303 

Gratiole 303 

Graue  ambra 91 

Gravel  laurel 258 

plant 258 

root 271 

weed 258, 433 

Great  blue  lobelia 371 

flowering  dogwood 233 

lobelia 371 

stinging  nettle 568 

wild  valerian 573 

yellow  gentian 295 

Greater  plantain 457 

Green  dragon 131 

hellebore 576 

iodide  of  mercury 392 

osier 232 

veratrum 576 

Greenockite 167 

Greenweed 293 

Greenwood 293 

Grenadier 301 

Grenouillette  d'eau 483 

Grinde'lia 304 

latifolia 304 

ROBUSTA 304 


GRINDELIA  SQUARROSA 304 

Grindelienkraut 304 

Grossbliithige  Kernel 233 

Grosse  Brennessel 568 

Grosser  Wegerick 457 

Ground  hemlock 553 

holly 201,  291 

laurel    258 

leaf 201 

lemons 465 

raspberry 320 

Gruner  Germer 576 

Griinspau 241 

GUACO 305 

Guaiac     306 

GUAIACUM   OFFICINALE 306 

Guajakholz 306 

Guao 227 

Guarana 442 

bread 442 

Guaranine 168 

Guaratimbo 442 

GUAREA   TRICHILOIDES 307 

Guelder  rose 581 

Gui  de  Chene 585 

Guilandina  dioica 308 

Guinea  pepper 184 

pods 184 

Gum  ammoniac 92 

benjamin 157 

euphorbium 274 

olibanum 432 

plant 3°4,  545 

Gummi  cambogia 290 

gutti 290 

victoria 290 

Gummigutt 290 

Gunjah-Bhang 181 

Gutta  gamba 290 

Gutte 290 

Gutti 290 

GYMNOCLADUS  CANADENSIS  .  .   .  308 
Gypsum 176 


Haberdistel 216 

Haematoxyli  lignum 309 

spinosum 309 

H^EMATOXYLON   CAMPECHIANUM    .  309 

Hafermehl 147 

Hahnenfuss 481 

Hahnemann's  acetate  of  lime   .   .   .  170 
Anflosliches  Quecksilber    .   .   .  395 

causticum 193 

soluble  mercury 395 

Hairy  yam 250 

H albert-leaved  vervain 578 

Hamamelis 310 

Hamame'lis 310 

Hamamelis  androgyna 310 

corylifolia 310 


INDEX. 


645 


Hamamelis  dioica 

macrophylla 

VIRGIXICA 

Hanf 

Hard-hack 

Hardhack 

Hare  burr 

Hare's  beard 

Hartheu 

Hartshorn  plant 

Hartsthorn 

Hashish 

Hauswurz 

Hazelkraut 

Hazelwort 

Hazelwurz 

Heal-all 225,515, 

Healing  herb 

Heart-root 

Heart's  ease 

Hebradendron  gambogioides  .  .  . 

HECLA  LAVA 

HEDEOMA  PULEGIOIDES 

Hedera  quinquefolia 

Hedge  hyssop 

Hedysarum  desmodium 

ILDEFONSIANUM 

Helenenwurzel 

Helianthe 

Helianthemum  canadense 

corymbosum 

ramuliflorum 

rosmarifolium 

HELIANTHUS  ANNUUS 

Heliotrope 

HELIOTROPIUM  PERUVIANUM  .  .  . 
Helleborus  albus 

FfETIDUS _ 

grandiflorus 315 

NIGER 315 

prascox 575 

Helmet  flower    .   .    .   : 71 

Helmkraut 516 

HELONIAS  DIOICA 316 

lutea 316 

officinalis 500 

pumila 316 

viridis 576 

Hemlock  spruce 51 

water  drop 426 

Hemp 182 

Hen  and  chickens 156 

Henbane 323 

HEPAR  SULFUR 317 

SULFURIS  CALCAREUM  ....  317 

Hepatic  aloes 86 

Hepatica  americana 318 

nobilis 318 

TRILOBA 318 

Heracleum  auritum 163 

dulce   • 163 


3'° 
310 

309 
182 

532 
360 

577 
324 
476 
487 
181 


136 
136 

573 
545 
'35 
584 
290 


99 
303 
3'2 
312 
33i 
312 
216 
216 
216 
216 
312 


575 


Heracleum  lanatum 163 

panacea 163 

sphondylium 163 

Herb  Bennet 297 

Christopher 73 

Paris 439 

Robert 296 

Herb-Bennet 228 

Herba  cannabis  Indicae 181 

cardui  benedicti 187 

cyriaci 555 

solis 324 

trinitatis 584 

umbelicalis 324 

venti 475 

Herbe  a  Robert 296 

au  charpentier 400 

aux  teigneux 568 

d'erigeron 261 

d'eupatoire  perfolie'e 271 

de  hdpatique 318 

de  lobe'lie  enfle"e 370 

de  pouliot  ame"ricain 311 

sardoa 483 

sardonique 483 

Herbstzeitlose 224 

Heritiera  gmelini 356 

tinctoria 356 

Heteromeris  canadense 216 

michauxii 216 

Hickory  nut 189 

High  cranberry 581 

Hipecacuanha 332 

brasiliensis 332 

dysenterica 332 

Hippocastanum  vulgare 76 

Hippomane  mancinella 381 

Hipwort 235 

Hirschhorngeist 429 

Hirtentasche 559 

Historical  introduction 7-12 

Hogbean 323 

Hogweed 91,  163 

Holly-leaved  barberry 158 

Holly-rose 216 

Holme's  weed 515 

Holy  thistle 187 

Holzkohle 186 

Honblon 373 

Honeybee in 

bee  poison 113 

bloom 113 

Honig  Biene in 

Hood-wort 515 

Hooded  snake 411 

willow  herb 516 

Hop  grains 373 

tree 474 

Hopfen 373 

Hopfenbaum 474 

Hopfenmehl .  373 


646 


INDEX. 


Hops .  .  . 

Hordeum  causticum 

Horned  rye 

Horse  chestnut 

nettle 

radish 

tail 

weed 

Horse-balm 

Horse-gentian 

Horse-ginseng 

Horse-weed 

Horsefly  weed 

House  leek 

Huile  animale  de  Dippel 

de  cajeput 

de  croton 

de  foie  de  morue 

de  ricin 

mineral 

Humulus  lupulus 

Huntsman's  cup 

HYDRANGEA  ARBORESCENS  .  .  . 
Hydrargyri  ammonio-chloridum  .  . 

bichloridum 

chloridum  corrosivum     .    .    .    . 

chloridum  mite 

cyanidum 

iodidum  flavum 

iodidum  rubrum 

iodium  viride 

nitrico-oxidum 

oxidum  rubrum 

perchloridum 

sub-chloridum 

sub-sulphidum 

sulphas 

sulphidum  nigrum 

Hydrargyrii  proto-ioduretum  .  .  . 
Hydrargyrum . 

amidato-bichloratum 

ammoniato-muriaticum    .    .    .    . 

ammoniatum . 

bichloratum 

biiodatum 

borussicum 

chloratum  dulce 

cyanatum 

muriaticum  corrosivum   .    .    .    . 

muriaticum  dulce 

nitricum 

oxydatum 

oxydulatum  nitricum  ammonia- 
tum   

oxydum  nigrum  Hahnemanni  . 

praecipitatum  album 

sulphuricum 

vivum •  .  .  . 

Hydrastia 

HYDRASTIN 

HYDRASTINUM  . 


373 
500 

Si? 

75 
528 

221 

259 
26l 
225 
566 
566 
225 
149 
5l8 
429 

43° 
239 


444 
373 
510 
3i8 
394 
39° 
39° 
392 
39i 
392 
393 
392 
394 
394 
39° 
392 
397 
397 
397 
392 
398 
394 
394 
394 
390 
393 
39i 
392 
39i 
39° 
392 
393 
394 

395 
395 
394 
397 
398 
3i9 
319 
3'9 


HYDRASTIS  CANADENSIS 320 

Hydrate  d'alumine 90 

of  calcium 172 

of  lime 172 

of  potassa 344 

of  potassium 344 

of  sodium 416 

Hydrated-dibasic  cupric  carbonate  .  242 

Hydric  cupric  arsenite 242 

magnesic  phosphate 379 

Hydro-disodic  arseniate 414 

phosphate 418 

Hydrocarbonas  zincicus 590 

Hydrochloras  morphicus 405 

Hydrochlorate  de  pilocarpine  .    .    .451 

of  apomorphia 115 

of  cocaine 219 

of  lime 175 

of  morphia 405 

of  morphine 405 

of  pilocarpine 45 1 

of  quinine 203 

Hydrochloric  acid 62 

Hydrochloride  of  apomorphia      .    .115 

Hydrocotyle 321 

ASIATICA .  321 

nummulariodes 321 

pallida 321 

Hydrocyanic  acid 60 

Hydrofluoric  acid 61 

Hydrogen  arsenid 127 

chlorid 62 

fluorid 61 

nitrate 63 

oxalate 65 

sulphate 68 

HYDROPHYLLUM  VIRGINICUM  .   .   .  322 

Hyoscyamin  sulfate 324 

Hyoscyaminae  sulphas 324 

Hyoscyamin-sulfat 324 

HYOSCYAMINUM  SULFATE    ....  324 

SULPHURICUM 324 

Hyoscyamus  agrestis 323 

flavus 323 

lethalis 323 

NIGER 323 

pallidus 323 

peruviana 546 

vulgaris 323 

Hypericum  officinale 324 

PERFORATUM 324 

pseudp  perforatum 324 

virginicum 324 

vulgare 324 

Hypermanganas  kalicus 351 

potassicus 351 

Hyperoxymuriate  of  potassa     .    .   .  345 

Hypophosphis  calcicus 174 

kalicus 348 

potassicus 348 

sodicus 416 


INDEX. 


647 


Hypophosphite  de  chaux 174 

de  potasse   .....   348 

de  soude 416 

of  lime 174 

of  potassium 348 

of  sodium 416 


IBERIS  AMARA 325 

Ice  plant 216,403 

Ictodes  foetidus 470 

If  commun 553 

IGNATIA  AMARA 326 

Ignatiana  philippinica 326 

Ignazbohne     326 

Ilex  aquifolium 327 

canadensis 327 

laxiflora 327 

mate 328 

OPACA 327 

PARAGUAYENSIS 328 

paraguensis 328 

quercifolia 327 

verticillata 471 

ILLICIUM  ANISATUM 328 

japonicum .  328 

parviflorum 328 

religiosum 329 

yerum 329 

Imbiri 181 

Immerschon 299 

Immortelle 299 

Impure  carbonate  of  lime 172 

calcium  sulfid 317 

India  rhubarb 490 

Indian  acalypha 53 

apple 465 

arrowwood 268 

cannabis 181 

caustic  barley 500 

cockle 219 

dye 320 

% 435 

ginger 135 

hemp 114,  181 

lettuce 288 

nettle 53 

paint .    .  320,  509 

pennywort 321 

P'pe 403 

poke 576 

posey 299 

sage 271 

shoe 246 

shot 181 

snake-root 135 

tobacco 299,  370 

tumeric 320 

turnip 133 

uncus 576 


Indicum 329 

INDIGO 329 

broom 149 

sauvage    149 

weed 149 

Indigofera 149 

anil 329 

argentea 329 

glauca  329 

indica 329 

tinctoria 329 

Indische  Feige 435 

Indischer  Hanf 181 

Indium 330 

METALLICUM 330 

Ine'e 539 

Ingberzahne 595 

Inky  juice  of  the  cuttle  fish  ....  522 

Intybum  erraticum 208 

Intybus  angustus 357 

INULA  HELENIUM 331 

lodate  de  chaux 174 

lode 332 

lodid  of  iron 280 

Iodide  of  ammonium 96 

of  antimony        no 

of  arsenic 127 

of  barium 153 

of  calcium 174 

of  lead 463 

of  mercury  and  potassium  .    .    .  398 

of  potassium 349 

of  silver 1 19 

of  sulphur 542 

of  zinc 591 

lodin 331 

lodinium 332 

IODIUM 331 

lodum 332 

lodure  d'argent 119 

d'ammonium 96 

d'arsenic 127 

de  baryum 153 

de  fer 280 

de  plomb 463 

de  potassium 349 

de  soufre 542 

de  zinc 591 

mercurique 393 

loduretum  arseniosum    .    .'  .    .    .    .127 

hydrargyricum 393 

hydrargyrosum 392 

kalicum 349 

plumbicum 463 

potassicum 349 

sulfuris 542 

zincicum 591 

Ipecac  332 

milk 113 

IPECACUANHA 332 

Ipecacuanha 465 


648 


INDEX. 


Ipecacuanha 332 

Ipecacuanha  fusca 332 

officinalis 332 

Ipomcea  bona-nox 229 

jalapa 336 

purga 336 

schiedeana 336 

Iridium 333 

METALLICUM 333 

IRIS  VERSICOLOR 334 

Irish  cabbage 470 

Iron  and  quinin  citrate 285 

and  strychnin  citrate 286 

by  hydrogen 282 

reduced  by  hydrogen 282 

Isis  nobilis 231 

Isolactic 62 

Itch  weed 470, 576,577 

Iva  monophylla 91 

Ivraie 372 

Ivy 354 


Jaborandi  452 

JACARAXDA  CAROBA 335 

Jacea 584 

Jack-in-the-pulpit 133 

Jagged  leaved  silphium 524 

Jalap 336 

root 336 

JALAPA 336 

Jalapenknollen 336 

Jallape 336 

Jamaica  dogwood 456 

ginger 595 

guiacum 306 

Jambol  seeds 545 

Jamestown  weed 537 

Jasmin  sauvage 292 

Jasminum  arabicum 223 

luteum  odoratum 292 

Jatamansi 543 

JATROPHA  CURCAS 337 

Jersey  tea 291 

Jerusalem  oak 200 

Jesuit's  tea 328 

Jimpson  weed 537 

J°d    •    •   -. 332 

Jodammomum 96 

Jodbarium 153 

Jodblei 463 

Jodeisen 280 

Jodium 332 

Jodkalium 349 

Jodsaurer  Kalk 174 

Jodschwefel 542 

Jodzink 591 

Joe-pye 271 

weed 271 

Johanneskraut   273 

Johanniskraut v    .  324 


John's  wort 324 

Jonc  commune 339 

Juglans  alba 189 

cathartica 337 

CINEREA 337 

compressa 189 

oblongata 337 

REGIA 338 

squamosa 189 

Juncus  communis 339 

EFFUSUS  339 

lavis 339 

Juniperus  foetida 502 

lycia 502 

prostrata 502 

sabina 502 

VIRGINIANA 340 

Jusquiame 323 

Jusquiami 323 


Kaffee 223 

Kaffein 168 

Kalabarbohne 448 

KALI  ACETATE 341 

ACETICUM 341 

alaun 89 

ARSENICOSUM 342 

arseniosum 342 

ARSENITE 342 

BICHROMATE 342 

BICHROMICUM 342 

BROMATUM 343 

BROMID          343 

CARBONATE 344 

CARBONICUM 344 

CAUSTIC 344 

CAUSTICUM 344 

causticum  fusum 344 

CHLORATE 345 

CHLORICUM 345 

CHROMATE 346 

CHROMICUM 346 

chromicum  rubrum 342 

CYANATUM 346 

CYANID 346 

cyanuretum .  347 

FERROCYANTUM 347 

FERROCYANID 347 

ferrocyanuretum 347 

hydricum  fusum 344 

hydroiodicum 349 

hypermanganicum     crystallisa- 
tum 351 

HYPOPHOSPHITE 348 

HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM 348 

IODATUM 348 

IODID 348 

MURIATE 349 

MURIATICUM 349 

muriaticum  oxygenatum    .    .    .  345 


INDEX. 


649 


KALI  NITRATE 350 

NITRICUM 350 

OXALATE 350 

OXAL1CUM 350 

oxymuriaticum 345 

PERMANGANATE 351 

PERMANGANICUM 351 

PHOSPHATE 352 

PHOSPHORICUM 352 

PICRATE 352 

PICRICUM 352 

purum 344 

SULFATE 353 

SULPHURICUM   .  .   . 353 

TARTRATE 353 

TARTARICUM 353 

Kalium  borussicum 347 

bromatum 343 

carbonicum  e  tartaro 344 

carbonicum  purum 344 

chloricum 345 

chloridum 349 

cyanatum 347 

dichromicum 342 

hypophosphorosum 348 

jodatum 349 

nitricum 350 

permanganicum 351 

phosphoricum 352 

sulfuricum 353 

tartaricum 354 

Kalium-Hydrat 344 

Kaliumacetat 341 

Kaliumbromid 343 

Kali  urn  carbonat 344 

Kaliumchlorat 345 

Kaliumchlorid 349 

Kaliumcyanid 347 

Kaliumdichromat 342 

Kaliumhypophosphit 348 

Kaliumnitrat 350 

Kaliumpermanganat 351 

Kaliumsulfat 353 

Kaliumtartrat 354 

Kalkhydrat 172 

KALMIA  LATIFOLIA 354 

Kalmie 354 

Kampher 179 

Kandal 92 

Kanthariden 183 

Karva       455 

Kastanie 190 

Katzenbaldrian 573 

Katzenkraut 555 

Kava  kava 455 

Kellerhalls 399 

Kelp  ware 289 

Kentucky  coffee  tree 308 

mahogany       308 

Kesaree 361 

Keusch-lamm 80 


Khus  khus 104 

Kidney  liver-leaf 318 

Kidney-leaved  asarabacca 135 

Kidneywort 235 

King's  clover 385 

cure 201 

yellow 128 

Kinnikinnik 234 

Kino 355 

AUSTRALIENSIS 355 

de  1'Inde 355 

Kirsch-Lorbeer 362 

Kiwach 252 

Klapperschlangenwurz 520 

Klines  Sinngriin 583 

Klette 360 

Knob-root 225 

Knoblauch 84 

Knob's  grass 225 

Knockenkohle 185 

Knollige  Schwalbenwurzel     .    .    .   .139 

Knopfbusch 196 

Knot  weed 466 

Knot-root 225 

Knotty-rooted  figwort 515 

Kochsalz 417 

Kodein 222 

Koffein 168 

Kohlensaurer  Braunstein 382 

Kupfa 242 

Strontian 538 

Kohlensaures  Ammonium 95 

Barium 152 

Eisen 279 

Kali 344 

Lithion 369 

Natron 415 

Zinkoxyd 590 

Kokkelskorner 219 

Koloquinten 226 

Konigin  der  Nacht 166 

Konigskerze 577 

Koopameni 53 

Krahenaugen 424 

Krameria  triandra 485 

Kratzbohnen 2.52 

Krauser  Ampfer 498 

Krebswurz 258 

Kreosot 236 

Kreosote 236 

Kreosotum 236 

Kreutz  Spinne 118 

Kreuzdorn  487 

Kreuze  Enzain 294 

Kreuzpflanze  519 

Kubeben 239 

Kiichenschelle 475 

Kuhblume 179 

Kupfer 243 

Kupferacetat 241 

Kupfervitriol 244 


650 


INDEX. 


La  Leontice 

La  paquerette 

La  toque 

LACHESIS 

LACHNANTHES  TINCTORIA 

Lactas  ferrosus 

Lactate  de  fer 

of  iron  .  

Lactic  acid 

Lactuca  fretida  

pratense  

sinnata 

VIROSA 

LACTUCARIUM 

Lady's  love 

slipper 

Laitue  blanc 


vireuse  

Lambkill 

LAMIUM  ALBUM 

foliosum 

laevigatum 

maculatum , 

vulgatum 

Lana  gossypii 

Lanaria 

Lance-headed  viper  (?) 

LAPIS  ALBUS 

causticus  chirurgorum    .    .    .    . 
Larch  agaric  ...       

boletos 

Larchenschwamm 

Large  evening  primrose  ...... 

flowering  cornel 

flowering  spurge 

North  American  rattlesnake  .    . 

spotted  spurge 

yellow  lady's  slipper 

Large-flowered  skull  cap 

LAPPA  MAJOR 

minor 

officinalis 

tomentosa 

Lastrea  filix  mas 

LATHYKUS  SATIVUS 

Laudanum  

Laurel 354 

magnolia 

Laureola 

Laure"ole  de  Chine 

gentile 

Laurier  rose 

Laurier-cerise 

LAUROCERASUS    

Laurus  cassia 

cinnamomum 

sassafras 

Lausesamen       

Le  chardon 

Le  ciste  Canade 

Le  muscadier  .  . 


.  192 

.  156 

.516 

356 

•  356 

.  281 

281 

281 

.  62 

357 

55° 

357 

357 

•358 

129 

246 

410 

357 

354 

359 

359 

359 

359 

359 

3oi 

577 

356 

.  360 

344 
467 
467 
467 

427 

233 

272 
238 

273 
246 

5i5 
360 
360 
360 
360 
287 
361 

434 
,380 
380 
399 
247 
399 
428 

362 

362 

2'5 
215 
513 
534 
216 
216 
423 


Le  tamier 547 

Lead 464 

Leather  charcoal 185 

wood 251 

Lebensbaum 560 

Leberthran 431 

Lechea  major 216 

Ledum  decumbens 363 

floribus  bullatis 354 

PALUSTRE 363 

silesiacum 363 

Leinkraut 365 

Lemon  walnut 337 

yellow 463 

Leontice 192 

thalictroides 192 

Leontodon  officinalis 550 

taraxacum 550 

vulgare 550 

Leontodontis 550 

Leontopetalon  thalictroides  .    .    .    .192 

Leopard's  bane 124 

Leptandra  purpurea 363 

VIRGINICA 363 

Leptandra-Wurzel 364 

Lesser  hemlock 76 

periwinkle 583 

spearwort 482 

Lettuce  opium 358 

Leucanthemum 198 

Leucosinapis  alba 525 

Lepidium  iberis 325 

Lichen  pulmonarius 535 

Liebesapfel 374 

Life  root 519 

Life-everlasting 300 

Light  magnesia 379 

Lignum  campechianum 309 

campescanum 309 

coeruleum 309 

guajaci 306 

indicum 306 

sanctum 306 

vitas 306 

Lilium  canvallium 229 

TIGRINUM 365 

Lily  of  the  valley 229 

Lime  tree 561 

LiNARIA  VULGARIS 365 

Linaire  commune 365 

Lindenbliithen 561 

LlNUM   CATHARTICUM 366 

Lion's  foot 410 

Liquid  attenuations 39 

Liquor  ammonii  acetatis 93 

ammonii  caustici 95 

Lisianthus  sempervirens 292 

List  of  authors  consulted 14 

of  medicines  and  pronunciation  607 

Lithiae  carbonas 369 

Lithic  carbonate 369 


INDEX. 


65 1 


Lithii  benzoas 367 

bromidum 368 

carbonas 369 

LITHIUM  BENZOATE 367 

BENZOICUM 367 

BROMATUM  368 

BROMID 368 

CARBONATE 368 

CARBONICUM 368 

Lithiumbenzoat 367 

Lithiumbromid 368 

Lithiumcarbonat 369 

Lithospermum  virginianum  ....  433 

Live  forever 300 

Liver  lily 334 

Liver  of  sulphur 317 

Liver-leaf 318 

Liverwort 318 

Lobadium  aromaticum 492 

Lobaria  pulmonaria 535 

Lobelia 370 

CARDINALIS 369 

coccinea 369 

ccerulea  (?) 371 

glandulosa 371 

INFLATA 370 

reflexa 371 

SYPHILITICA 371 

Lobelienkraut 370 

Locust 496 

Loewenblatt 192 

Logwood 309 

Lolch 372 

Lolium  arvense 372 

robustum 372 

TEMULENTUM 372 

Long  taper 577 

Long-leaved  cowbane 210 

water  hemlock 210 

water  parsnip 210 

Lorbeerblatteriger  Spitzenbast    -    .  247 

Lords  and  ladies 132 

Louse  seeds 534 

Love  apple 374 

Lovely  thistle 187 

Low  cudweed 300 

Lowenzahn 550 

Luinquina 213 

Lungenkraut 535 

Lungmoss 535 

Lungwort 535 

Lupulin 373 

Lupuline 373 

LUPULIXUM 373 

LUPULUS 373 

Lychnis  githago 81 

Lycope  de  Virginie 376 

Lycoperdon  areolatum 162 

bovista 162 

caelatum 162 

gemmatum 162 


Lycoperdon  globosum 162 

Lycopersicum  ceresiforme     ....  374 

ESCULENTUM 374 

LYCOPODIUM  CLAVATUM 375 

inflexum 375 

Lycopus  macrophyllus 376 

pumilus 376 

uniflorus 376 

VIRGINICUS 376 

Lycosa  tarantula 551 

Lytta  vesicatoria 183 


Maceration 37 

Macropiper  methysticum 455 

Macrotys  actaeoides 211 

racemosa 211 

serpentaria 211 

Mad  weed 516 

Mad-dog  skull  cap 515 

weed 516 

Madagascar  poison  nut 549 

Magician's  rod 310 

Magnesia 379 

calcinata 379 

CARBONICA 377 

hydrico-carbonica 377 

levis 379 

MURIATICA 378 

OXYDATA 379 

PHOSPHORICA 379 

SULPHURICA 380 

usta 379 

Magnesiae  carbonas 377 

sulphas 380 

Magnesic  carbonate 377 

chloride 378 

sulphate 380 

Magnetic  blanche 377 

calcine'e 379 

Magnesii  carbonas 377 

chloridum 378 

phosphas 379 

sulphas 380 

MAGNESIUM  CARBONATE 377 

carbonicum 377 

chlorid 378 

MURIATE 378 

SULFATE 380 

PHOSPHATE 379 

sulfuricum 380 

Magnesiumkarbonat 377 

Magnesiumsulfat 380 

Magnolia 380 

fragrans   380 

GLAUCA 380 

longifolia 380 

virginiana  var.  glauca 380 

Magnolier  glauque 380 

Magney 79 

Maiblumen 229 


f  (\  I   I  I    ( ,  I 


652 


INDEX. 


Maisbrand 571 

Maize  smut 571 

Mala  aurea 374 

lycopersica 374 

Malabar  plum  tree 267 

Male  fern 287 

Virginian  dogwood 233 

Mancenillier  ve'ne'neux 381 

Manchineel 381 

Manchioneal 381 

MANCINELLA 381 

venenata 381 

Mancona  bark 264 

Mancona-Rinde 264 

Mandeln 100 

Mandrake 465 

Manganese  chlorid 383 

dioxid 384 

peroxid 384 

Manganesii  acetas 382 

carbonas 382 

oxidum  nigrum 384 

Mangani  chloridum 383 

carbonas 382 

dioxidum 384 

oxidum  nigrum 384 

Manganous  acetate 382 

carbonate 382 

chlorid 383 

oxid 383 

MANGANUM  ACETATE 382 

ACETICUM 382 

CARBONATE      382 

CARBONICUM 382 

hyperoxydatum 384 

OXID 383 

OXYDATUM  NIGRUM 383 

MURIATE 383 

MURIATICUM 383 

Mannliches  Farrenkraut 287 

Manschinapfel 381 

Mapato 485 

Mare's  tail 261 

Marigold 177 

Mariorana  syriaca 555 

Marking  nut 102 

Maronenbaum 190 

Marron 190 

Marronier  d'Inde 76 

Marsh  cistus 363 

crowfoot 483 

ledum 363 

marigold 179 

tea  •   • 363 

trefoil 387 

turnip 133 

Marsh-mallow 88 

Marum  syriacum 555 

verum 555 

Marzveilchen 583 

Maslieben 156 


Masterwort 163 

Mate" 328 

Matricaria  chamomilla 198 

suaveolens 198 

May  apple 465 

flower 258,  476 

lily 229 

Maypop 440 

Meadow  anemone 475 

bloom 480 

cabbage 470 

crowfoot 480 

parsnip 556 

poke 576 

saffron 223 

sweet 532 

Mealy  starwort 82 

Mechoacanna  nigra 336 

Meconium 434 

Medicated  cones 48 

globules 48 

powders 47 

Medications 47 

Medicinal  strength,  unit  of    ....    23 

Medicines,  list  of 607 

pronunciation  of 607 

Meerrettig 221 

Meerzwiebel 514 

Mehlige  Aletris 82 

Melampodium 315 

Melanosinapis  communis 526 

Melanthium  densum 316 

dioicum 316 

sabadilla 500 

Melarhiza  inuloides 586 

Melilot 385 

Mdlilot 385 

Melilotenklee 385 

MELILOTUS  ALBA 384 

leucantha        384 

OFFICINALIS 385 

officinalis  var.  alba 384 

vulgaris 384 

Melissa  pulegioides 311 

Meloe  vesicatorius 183 

Menisperme  du  Canada 386 

Menispermum  angulatum  .....  386 

CANADENSE 386 

cocculus  219 

heteroclitum 219 

monadelphum 219 

smilacinum 386 

Menstrua 27 

Mentha  hircina 387 

officinalis 387 

PIPERITA 387 

viridi  aquatica 387 

Menthe  poivre'e 387 

Menyantnes  trifoliata 387 

Mercur-ammonium  chlorid    ....  394 
Mercure 393 


INDEX. 


653 


Mercure  pre'cipite' blanc 394 

soluble  de  Hahnemann  ....  395 

Mercuriale  vivace 388 

Mercurialis  montane 388 

PERENNIS 388 

Mercuric  chlorid 390 

cyanid 391 

iodid.  . 393 

nitrate 393 

oxid 394 

potassic  iodide 398 

sulfate 397 

Mercuric-ammonic  chloride   ....  394 

Mercurii  cyanuretum 391 

iodidum 392 

MERCURIUS 398 

ACETATE 389 

acetatus   389 

ACETICUS 389 

biniodatus 393 

BINIODID 393 

borussicus 391 

CORROSIVUS 390 

corrosivus  ruber 394 

CYANATUS 391 

CYANID 391 

DULCIS 391 

ET   KALI   IODATUS 398 

ET   KALI  IODID 398 

iodatus  cum  kali  iodato  ....  398 

IODATUS  FLAVUS 392 

IODATUS  RUBER 393 

NITRATE 393 

N1TRICUS 393 

PR.ECIPITATUS  ALBUS  ....  394 
PRjECIPITATUS  RUBER  ....  394 

PROTOIDID 392 

SOLUBILIS 395 

SOLUBILIS  HAHNEMANNI  .  .  .  395 
SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS  .  .  390 
SULFID  (black) 397 

SULFATE 397 

SULPHURATUS  NIGER 397 

SULPHURICUS 397 

vitriolatus 397 

vivus 398 

Mercurous  acetate 389 

chlorid 391 

iodid 392 

Mercury 398 

oxide  black  Hahnemann  .  .  .  395 

sub-sulfid 397 

vine 494 

Metadioxybenzol 486 

Metallic  aluminum 90 

arsenic 128 

cobalt 218 

copper 243 

gold 145 

lead 464 

nickel 422 


Metallic  platinum 458 

silver 1 19 

tin 533 

zinc 592 

Methyl  morphine 222 

Metric  system 598 

Mezereon 399 

MEZEREUM 399 

germanicum 399 

officinarum 399 

Mikania  guaco 305 

Milchsaiire 62 

Mild  mercurous  chloride 392 

Milfoil •  .    .    .    .  400 

Milk  parsley 273 

purslain 272 

thistle 188 

Milk-sugar 30 

tests  of 30 

Milkweed 113,138,272 

MlLLEFOLIUM 400 

Millepertuis 324 

Mimosa 401 

HUMILIS 401 

Mistel 585 

Mistletoe 585 

MlTCHELLA   REPENS 401 

Mocassin  root 246 

Mocha  aloes 86 

Moka  aloes 86 

Molene 577 

MOMORDICA    BALSAMIXA 402 

elaterium 257 

Monkshood 71,  550 

Monobromated  camphor 180 

Monobromkampfer 180 

Monotropa  morisoniana 403 

UNIFLORA 403 

Moonseed 386 

Moor-grass 253 

Moorkanda 53 

Moose  wood 251 

Morella  a  grappes 449 

Morelle  noire 529 

Morning  glory 229 

Morphia 404 

muriatica 405 

Morphiae  acetas 405 

nydrochloras 405 

murias 405 

sulphas 406 

Morphin 404 

acetate 405 

hydrochlorid 405 

sulfate 405 

Morphina 404 

Morphinacetat 405 

Morphinae  acetas 405 

nydrochloras 405 

sulphas 406 

Morphine 404 


654 


INDEX. 


Morphinhydrochlorat 405 

Morphinsulfat 406 

MORPHINUM 404 

ACETATE 405 

ACETICUM 405 

hydrochloricum 405 

MURIATE 405 

MURIATICUM 405 

SULPHURICUM 406 

MORPHIUM 404 

aceticum 405 

SULFATE 406 

MOSCHUS 406 

orientals 406 

tibetanus 406 

tunquinensis 406 

Mountain  arnica 124 

balm 262 

box 572 

grape 158 

laurel    354 

parsley 142 

pink 258 

tea 291 

tobacco    124 

Mouron  rouge 103 

Mouse  ear 300 

Moutarde  blanche 525 

noire 526 

Mucana  pruriens 252 

prurita 252 

Mudar 178 

Mudarwurzelrinde 178 

Mugwort 130 

leaved 91 

Mullein 577 

Muquet 229 

Murex 407 

brandaris 407 

PURPUREA 407 

Murias  morphicus 405 

Muriate  of  apomorphia 115 

of  gold 145 

of  lime 175 

of  magnesia 378 

of  morphia 405 

of  quinine 203 

Murich 456 

Muse 406 

Muscae  Hispanicas 183 

Muscus  clavatus 375 

pulmonaria 535 

squamosus  vulgaris 375 

terrestris  repens 375 

ursinus 375 

Musk 406 

root 543 

Musk-quash  root 556 

Muskatnuss 423 

Musquash  root 209 

Mutterkorn 517 


MYGALE  LASIODORA 408 

MYRICA  CERIFERA 408 

Myristica  aromatica 423 

fragrans   423 

moschata 423 

officinalis 423 

Myrospermum  pereirae  ......  148 

peruiferum 148 

Myroxylon  pereirae 148 

peruiferum 148 

Myrtle 409 

bayberry  tree 408 

MYRTUS  COMMUNIS 409 

jambos 267 


Nabalus  albus  var.  serpentaria    .    .410 

SERPENTARIA 410 

Nabelkraut 235 

Nachtkerze 427 

Naja 411 

TRIPUDIANS 411 

Naked  lady 224 

Nanny  bush 581,582 

root 582 

Napellum  coeruleum 71 

Napthalen 412 

Napthalene 412 

Napthaljbne 412 

Napthalin 412 

NAPTHALINUM     412 

Narceia 413 

Narcein 413 

Narceine     413 

NARCEINUM 413 

Narcotia 413 

Narcotin 413 

Narcotina 413 

Narcotine 413 

NARCOTINUM 413 

Nard  Americain 117 

Nardostachys  jatamansi 543 

Nardum  rusticanum 136 

Nardus  celtica  altera       124 

Narkotin 413 

Noah's  ark 246 

Noble  pine 201 

Narrow  dock 498 

Narrow-leaved  eugenia 267 

Narthex  asafcetida 134 

Nasturtium  amphibium 221 

armoracia 221 

Natri  arsenias 414 

hypophosphis 416 

Natrium  arsenicicum 414 

biboricum 161 

bromatum 415 

carbonicum 415 

chloratum 417 

hydricum 416 


INDEX. 


655 


Natrium  hypophosphorosum    .    .    .416 

nitricum 418 

phosphoricum 418 

Pyrooorat 161 

salicylicum 419 

sulphuricum 420 

sulphurosum 421 

Natriumarsenat 414 

Natriumcarbonat 415 

Natriumgpldchlorid 146 

Natriumnitrat 418 

Natriumphosphat 418 

Natriumsalicylat 419 

Natriumsulfit 421 

Natron 416 

NATRUM  ARSENIATE 414 

ARSENICICUM 414 

biboracicum 161 

boracicum 161 

BROMATUM 414 

BROMID 414 

CARBONATE 415 

CARBONICUM 415 

CAUSTIC 416 

CAUSTICUM 416 

HYPOPHOSPHITE 416 

HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM 416 

MURIATE 417 

MURIATICUM 417 

NITRATE 418 

NITRICUM 418 

PHOSPHATE 418 

PHOSPHORICUM 418 

SALICYLATE 419 

SALICYLICUM 419 

SULFATE 420 

SULFITE 421 

SULFO-CARBOLATE 419 

SULPHO-CARBOLICUM 419 

SULPHURICUM 420 

SULPHUROSUM 421 

Navelwort 235 

Nenuphar  luteum 423 

Nephrodium  filix  mas 287 

Nerium  album 428 

oleander  428 

splendens 428 

variegatum 428 

Nerprun 487 

Nerve  root 246 

Nervine 246 

Nesselkraut 569 

Neutrales  weinsaures  Kali     ....  354 

New  England  boxwood 233 

New  Jersey  tea 194 

Niccoli  carbonas 421 

sulphas 422 

NICCOLUM 422 

CARBONATE 421 

CARBONICUM .  421 

METALLICUM 422 


NICCOLUM  SULFATE 422 

SULPHURICUM 422 

Nickel 422 

carbonate 421 

sulfate 422 

Nickelkarbonat 421 

Nickelsulfat 422 

Nicotiana  auriculata 546 

macrophylla 546 

tabacum 546 

Night-blooming  cereus 166 

Nightshade 255 

Ninsin 1 16 

Nipple  nightshade 529 

Niter 350 

Nitras  kalicus 350 

potassicus 350 

sodicus        418 

Nitrate  de  Chili 418 

de  potasse 350 

de  soude 418 

of  ammonium 97 

of  mercury 393 

of  pilocarpine 451 

of  potash 350 

of  potassium 350 

of  silver 120 

of  sodium 418 

of  strychnine 540 

of  uranium 573 

Nitre  prismatique 350 

Nitric  acid 63 

Nitrite  of  amyl 101 

Nitro  benzine 156 

benzol  156 

Nitre-glycerin 298 

Nitre-hydrochloric  acid 64 

Nitrobenzolum  . 156 

Nitrophenisic  acid 66 

Nitrum  cubicum 418 

depuratum 350 

flammans 97 

Nodding  trillium 565 

Noix  commune 338 

vomiques 424 

Nopal-Schildlaus 220 

Normal  mercuric  sulphate 397 

potassic  chromate 346 

Northern  prickly  ash 587 

Norway  pine 453 

Nose-bleed 400 

Notch-leaved  alder 85 

Nubian  senna 521 

Nuces  aromaticae 423 

nucistal 423 

Nuclei  myristicae 423 

Nuphar  jaune 423 

LUTEUM 423 

Nutmeg 423 

Nuxcathartica  americana 337 

juglans 338 


656 


INDEX. 


NUX   MOSCHATA 423 

myristica 423 

VOMICA 424 

votnica  officinarum 424 

Nymphaea  lutea 423 

ODORATA 425 


Oaklungs 535 

Oat 147 

Obier 581 

Ocimastrum 515 

CEnanthe  apiifolia 426 

CROCATA     426 

phellandrium 446 

safrande 426 

sarmentosa 446 

(ENOTHERA  BIENNIS 427 

gauroides 427 

parviflora 427 

Officinal  alcohol 28 

chamomile 107 

Ognon  marin 514 

Ohio  buckeye 75 

curcuma 320 

Oignon 83 

Oil  beetle 183 

™t 337 

of  cajuput 430 

of  sandal  wood 432 

of  santal 432 

of  turpentine 554 

of  vitriol 68 

Old  field  balsam 300 

man 129 

Oldman's  beard 205 

OLEANDER 428 

Oleo-re'sine  de  copahu 230 

OLEUM  ANIMALE 429 

animale  aetherum 429 

animale  Dippelii 429 

CAJUPUTI 430 

cornu  cervi 429 

crotonis 239 

hepatis  morrhuae 431 

jecoris  aselli 431 

melaleuca  cajuputi 430 

.  MORRHUAE 430 

Palmae  Christi 431 

petrae  album 444 

RICINI  431 

SANTALI 432 

santali  flavi 432 

santalum  album 432 

terebinthinae 554 

terrae 444 

OLIBANUM 432 

Onage 539 

Onagra  biennis 427 

vulgaris 427 

Onagre 427 


Onaye 539 

One  berry 401,439 

Onion 83 

Onosmodium  hispidum 433 

VIRGINIANUM 433 

Onosuris  acuminata 427 

Ooshak 92 

Ophiostachys  virginica 316 

Opian 413 

OPIUM 434 

crudum 434 

thebaicum 434 

Opuntia  humifusa 435 

intermedia 435 

italica 435 

maritima 435 

tuna 196 

VULGARIS 435 

Or 145 

blanc 458 

Orange  apocynum 139 

root 320 

spider 558 

swallow  root 139 

Orchidocarpium  arietinum     .   .    .   .140 

Ordeal  bark  tree 264 

bean 448 

doom-bark 264 

Oregon  grape  root 158 

Oreoselinum 142 

Oriental  berries 219 

Orme  a  trois  feuilles 474 

Ormenis  nobilis 107 

Ornithogalum  maritimum 513 

scilla 513 

Orobanche  de  Virginie 258 

vinginiana 258 

Oronge  fausse 78 

Orpiment 128 

Ortho-oxybenzoic  acid 67 

Ortho-phosphate  of  silver 121 

Orthophosphoric  acid 66 

Orthosporum  anthelminticum  .    .    .  200 

Ortie  brulante 568 

grieche 569 

morte 359 

Osmium 436 

METALLICUM 436 

Ostrea  edulis 172 

Our  Lady  thistle 188 

Ourary 244 

Ova  ova 403 

Ox-balm 225 

Oxalas  cericus 197 

Oxalate  de  cerium 197 

de  potasse 35.1 

of  cerium 197 

of  lime 175 

of  potassium 35 1 

Oxalic  acid 65 

Oxalsaure 65 


INDEX. 


657 


Oxalsaures  Ce«x»xydul 197 

Oxide  of  antimony       no 

o£  bismuth 160 

of  silicon      522 

of  silver 121 

of  zinc 593 

Oxidum  argenticum 121 

manganicum 384 

Oxycantha 159 

Oxyde  d'antimoine no 

d'argent 121 

de  bismuth 160 

de  manganese 384 

de  zinc 593 

OXYDENDRUM   ARBOREUM     ....  436 

Oxydum  antimonicum no 

bismuthicum 160 

hydrargyricum 394 

potassicum  . 344 

zincicum 593 

Oxypropionic  acid 62 

Oyster  shells 172 


Padus  avium 472 

laurocerasus  362 

vulgaris 472 

Paederota  virginica 363 

PvEONIA   OFFICINALIS 437 

Pain  de  pourceau 245 

Pali-mara 87 

PALLADIUM 438 

Palma  Christi 496 

Palmated  larkspur 534 

Palus  sanctus 306 

Panacea  lapsorum 124 

Panax  americanum 116 

ginseng 116 

quinquefolium 1 16 

Pancratium  verum 513 

Pansy 584 

Papal-cross  spider 118 

Papava  hortense 434 

officinale 434 

sativum 434 

setigerum 434 

somniferum 434 

sylvestre 434 

Papaver  corniculatum 199 

Pappoose  root 192 

Paraguay  tea 328 

Parapetalifera  odorata 150 

serrata 151 

Pareira 438 

BRAVA 438 

Pareirae  radix 438 

Parisette 439 

PARIS    QUADRIFOLIA 439 

Parsley 445 

Parsnip 441 

Partridge  berry 291,401 


Pasaqueria  longiflora 326 

Pasque  flower 475,  476 

PASSIFLORA  INCARNATA 440 

Passion  flower 440 

PASTINACA  SATIVA 441 

Pastinacae  vulgaris 163 

Patience  frise*e 498 

Paul's  betony 376 

Paullinia  cupana 442 

PINNATA 442 

SORBILIS 442 

timbo 442 

Pauson  509 

Pavia  glabra 75 

pillida 75 

watsoniana 75 

Pawpaw 140 

Peachwood 309 

Pearly  everlasting 300 

Pecan 465 

Pecatacalleloe 449 

Pe*diveau  ve"ne"neux 170 

Pedunculis  racemosis 159 

Pellitory 587 

Pennsylvania  sumach 493 

Pennyroyal  311 

Pennywort 235 

Pensee  sauvage 584 

PENTHORUM  SEDOIDES 443 

Pentstemon  auctus 199 

Peony 437 

Pepper  turnip 133 

wood 587 

Peppermint 387 

Perchloride  of  iron 283 

of  mercury 390 

Perchlorure  de  fer 283 

de  platine 459 

Percolation 37 

Periwinkle 583 

Permanganate  de  potasse 351 

of  potash 351 

of  potassium 351 

Peroxide  of  mercury 394 

Peroxyde  rouge  de  mercure  ....  394 
Persil 445 

sauvage 142 

Persulfate  de  mercure 397 

Persulphate  of  mercury 397 

Perubalsam 148 

Peruvian  bark 213 

Pervenche  583 

Pes  leoninus 375 

ursinus 375 

Pestilence 568 

Pestilent  wort 568 

Pestilenzwurz 568 

Petasites 568 

Petasitides  vulgaris 568 

Petite  ortie 569 

valeViane 573 


658 


INDEX. 


Pe'trole 444 

PETROLEUM .  444 

benzin 156 

ether 156 

Petroleumbenzin '.    ...  156 

Petroselinum  montanum 142 

SATIVUM 445 

Petty  morrel 117 

Peucedanum  ammoniacum    ....    92 

oreoselinum 142 

Pfefferminze  .   .       387 

Phalaris  zizanoides 104 

Pharmacopeia  committee,  list  of  .    .    u 

Pharmacy,  general 21 

Pheasant's  eye 74 

PHELLANDRIUM  AQUATICUM  .   .   .  446 

Phenic  acid 56 

alcohol     56 

Phenol 56 

Phenolsulphonate  of  sodium    .    .    .  420 

Phenyl  salicylate 505 

Phenylamin  sulfate 107 

Phenylamine 106 

Phenylic  acid 56 

hydrate 56 

Phenylicum  crystallisatum    ....    56 

Phenylsalicylat 505 

Phenylschwefelsaures  Natron  .    .   .  420 

Phosphas  ammonicus 98 

calcicus  praecipitatus 176 

natricus 418 

sodicus 418 

Phosphate  d'ammoniaque 98 

de  chaux  hydrate* 176 

de  magne'sie 379 

de  potasse 352 

de  soude 418 

of  ammonium 98 

of  magnesium 379 

of  potassium 352 

of  soda 418 

of  sodium 418 

Phosphide  of  zinc 593 

Phosphor    446 

Phosphore 446 

Phosphoretum  zincicum 593 

Phosphoric  acid 66 

Phosphorsaiire 66 

Phosphorsaures  Ammoniak  ....    98 

Kali 352 

Magnesia 379 

Natron 418 

PHOSPHORUS 446 

RUBER 447 

Phosphorzink 593 

Phosphure  de  zinc 593 

Phosphuret  of  zinc 593 

Phu  germanicum 573 

parvum 573 

Physic  nut 337 

PHYSOSTIGMA  VENENOSUM  ....  448 


Physostigmin 266 

Phytolacca  americana 449 

DECANDRA 449 

vulgaris 449 

Picrate  d'ammoniaque 98 

of  ammonium 98 

Picric  acid 66 

Picrotoxin 450 

PlCROTOXINUM 450 

Pied  d'Leon 410 

de  veau 132 

Pied-de-cornielle 295 

Pigeon-berry 449 

Pignon  des  Barbades 337 

d'Inde 337 

Pigmentum  indicum 329 

Pikrinsaiire 66 

Pilocarpi  foliola 452 

Pilocarpin  nitrate 451 

hydrochlorid 45 1 

Pilocarpinae  hydrochloras 451 

nitras 451 

Pilocarpinhydrochlorid 45 1 

Pilocarpinum  hydrochloricum  .  .  .451 

MURIATE 451 

MURIATICUM 451 

NITRATE 451 

NITRICUM 451 

PlLOCARPUS 452 

Pilot  weed 524 

Pimpinel 453 

Pimpinell 453 

Pimpinella  alba 453 

hircinae 453 

nostratis 453 

SAXIFRAGA 453 

umbelliferae 453 

Pine  agaric 468 

sap 403 

Pink  root 531 

Pinus  canadensis 51 

excelsa 454 

LAMBERTIANA 454 

nigra 52 

SYLVESTRIS 453 

Pipe  plant 403 

Piper  caudatum 239 

cubeba     239 

hispanicum     184 

indicum  vulgatissimum  ....  184 

METHYSTICUM 455 

NIGRUM 456 

triocum 456 

turcicum 184 

Pipperidge  bush 159 

Pipsissewa 201 

PlSCIDIA   ERYTHRINA 456 

Piscidie 456 

Pistachio  nut 310 

Pitcher  plant 510 

Pivoine 437 


INDEX. 


659 


PLANTAGO  MAJOR 457 

Plantain 457 

Platin 458 

Platinchlorid 459 

Platine 458 

Platini  chloridum 459 

et  natri  chloridum 459 

Platinic  chloride 459 

PLATINUM 458 

ET  NATRUM  MURIATE  ....  459 
ET  NATRUM  MURIATICUM  .  .  459 
hydrochlorid 458 

METALLICUM 458 

MURIATE 458 

MURIATICUM 458 

PLECTRANTHUS  FRUCTICOSUS    .  .  460 

Pleurisy  root 139 

Plomb 464 

Plum-leaved  viburnum 582 

Plumbago 302 

LITTORALIS 460 

Plumbi  acetas 461 

carbonas 462 

chrpmas 463 

iodidum 463 

Plumbic  acetate 461 

carbonate 462 

chrpmate  463 

iodid 463 

iodide 463 

PLUMBUM 464 

ACETATE 461 

ACETICUM 461 

CARBONATE 462 

CARBONICUM 462 

CHROMATE 463 

CHROMICUM 463 

hydrico-carbonicum 462 

IODATUM 463 

IODID 463 

METALLICUM 464 

Pocan 449 

Podalyria  tinctoria 149 

PODOPHYLLIN 464 

Podophyllinum 464 

Podophyllum 465 

calhcarpum 465 

montanum 465 

PELTATUM 465 

Podophyllumharz 464 

Pois  velus 252 

Poison  arum 170 

ash 205,494,495 

elder 495 

hemlock 228 

ivy 494 

nut 424 

oak 494' 

parsley 228 

sumach 495 

root 209 


Poison  tobacco 323 

tree 495 

wood .  495 

Poisonous  American  arum     .    .   .    .170 

cowbane 210 

darnel 372 

lettuce 357 

pediveau 170 

Poivre  commun 456 

d'Espagne 184 

d'lnde 184 

noir 456 

Poke 449. 47° 

Polar  weed 524 

Polishing  rush 259 

Polycresta 142 

Polygala  de  Virginie 520 

senega  520 

virginiana 520 

Polygonum  acre 466 

fagopyrum 276 

hydropiperoides 466 

PUNCTATUM 466 

viridiflorum 182 

Polyporus  laricis 467 

OFFICINALIS 467 

PINICOLA 468 

Polecat  collard 470 

weed     470 

Polypodium  filix  mas 287 

Pool-root 270 

Poma  amoris  ....       374 

Pomegranate 301 

Pomme  d'amour 374 

e*pineuse 537 

Pond  dogwood 196 

Poor  man's  hour  glass 103 

man's  water  glass 103 

man's  weather  glass 103 

Poppy 434 

Populage 179 

POPULUS   TREMULOIDES 469 

Porcelia  triloba 140 

Porrum  sativum 84 

Potassa 344 

caustica 344 

Potassae  acetas 341 

bichromas 342 

carbonae 344 

chloras 345 

hydras 344 

nitras 350 

permanganas 351 

phosphas     352 

prussias  flava 347 

sulphas 353 

tartras 354 

Potasse  caustique 344 

Potassic  acetate    . 341 

bromide    .   .    i 343 

carbonate 344 


66o 


INDEX. 


Potassic  chlorate 345 

chloride 349 

cyanide 347 

dichromate 342 

ferrocyanide 347 

hydrate  344 

hypophosphite 348 

iodide 349 

nitrate 350 

oxalate  351 

permanganate 35 1 

sulphate 353 

tartrate 354 

Potassii  acetas 341 

arsenis 342 

arsenitis 342 

bichromas 342 

bromidum 343 

carbonas 344 

carbonas  purus 344 

chloras 345 

chloridum 349 

cyanidum 347 

ferrocyanidum 347 

hydras 344 

hypophosphis 348 

iodidum 349 

nitras 350 

oxalas 351 

permanganas 351 

phosphas 352 

sulphas 353 

tartras 354 

Potassio-antimonic  oxytartrate    .    .  552 

Potassium  acetate 341 

alum 89 

antimonyl  tartrate 552 

arsenite 342 

bromid 343 

carbonate 344 

chlorate 345 

chlorid 349 

chromate 346 

cyanid 346 

dichromate 342 

ferrocyanid 347 

hydrate 344 

hypophosphite 348 

iodid  348 

iodohydrargyrate 398 

mercuric  iodid 398 

nitrate 350 

oxalate 350 

permanganate 351 

phosphate 352 

picrate 352 

sulfate 353 

tartrate 353 

Prussiate  jaune  de  potasse     ....  347 

POTHOS  FCETIDUS 470 

Poudre  aux  vers    .       531 


Powders,  medicated 47 

Prairie  flower 476 

Precipitated  carbonate  of  zinc     .    .  590 

gold 145 

phosphate  of  calcium 176 

Pre'cipite'  rouge      394 

Preface    3 

Prele 259 

Prenanthes  serpens 410 

Preparation  of  attenuations  of  solu- 
ble substances 41 

of  dilutions  of  soluble  substances  41 

of  triturations 43 

Preparations  from  drugs 34 

Prescription  writing,  abbreviations 

used  in 597 

writing,  signs  used  in 597 

Prescriptions 48 

Prickly  ash      587 

lettuce 357 

pear 435 

Pride  weed 261 

Prince's  pine 201 

Prinos 471 

VERTICILLATUS 471 

Pronunciation  of  medicines  ....  607 

Protocarbonate  de  fer 279 

Protochlorure  de  mercure 392 

Protoiodide  of  green  mercury  .    .    .  392 

of  yellow  mercury 392 

Protoidure  de  mercure 392 

Prunus  amygdalus 100 

communis 472 

instititia 472 

laurocerasus    362 

lusitanica 362 

PADUS 471 

racemosus 472 

serotina  (Ehrhart) 473 

SPINOSA 472 

VIRGINIANA 473 

Prussic  acid 60 

Pseudacacia  odorata 497 

Pseudo-acanthus 163 

Pseusmagennetus  equatoriensis  .   .  240 

Psorulea  glandulosa 328 

Psychotria  ipecacuanha 332 

Ptarmica  montana 124 

PTELEA  TRIFOLIATA 474 

viticifolia 474 

Puccoon  509 

Puff  ball 162,  550 

Puka  puka 162 

Puke  root 370 

Pulmonaria  reticulata 535 

Pulmonaire  de  Chene 535 

PULSATILLA 475 

nigricans 475 

NUTTALLIANA 476 

patens  476 

pratensis 475 


INDEX. 


661 


Pulsatilla  vulgaris 475 

Pulsatille 475 

Pumacuchu 485 

Punica  granatum 301 

Puppet  root 576 

Pure  quinine 204 

Purging  agaric 467 

oucktnorn    487 

flax 366 

nut 239,  337 

Purginuss 337 

Purified  chloride  of  ammonium    .    .    96 

Purple  boneset 271 

fish 407 

foxglove 249 

glove 249 

spindel  tree 268 

willow 504 

Purpurea  patula 407 

Purpurishe  Weide 504 

Purpurrother  Wasserhanf 271 

Purvian 578 

Pyrola  corymbosa 201 

umbellata 201 

Pyrole  ombelle'e 201 

Pyrolusite 384 

Pyrotheca  tinctoria 356 

PVRUS   AMERICANA 477 


Hiaker  buttons 424 

hiaking  aspen 469 

)uartz 522 

)UASSIA  AMARA 478 

)uassienholz 478 

)ueckenwurzel 567 

)uecksilber 398 

hiecksilber-Chloridamidid    ....  394 

hiecksilberchlorid 390 

)uecksilberchloriir 392 

Hiecksilberjodid 393 

)uecksilberjodiir 392 

Queen  of  the  meadow    .   .   .   .271,532 

Queen's  delight 536 

root 536 

Quercus  marina 289 

Quickens 566,  567 

Quick  grass 567 

Quicksilver 398 

Quillaia  bark 479 

SAPONARIA 479 

Quillaja  molinas 479 

saponaria 479 

smegmadermos 479 

Quinia  hydrochlorate 203 

Quiuaria  hederacea 99 

hirsuta 100 

Quinise  hydrochloras 203 

sulphas 204 

Quinin 204 

arsenate 202 


Quinin  arsenite 203 

hydrochlorid 203 

sulfate 204 

Quinina 204 

Quininae  arsenias 202 

arsenis 203 

hydrochloras 203 

sulphas 204 

Quinine 204 

Quinquino 148 

Quitch 567 

Quiver  leaf 469 


Racoon  berry 465 

Racine  d'actee  a  grappes 211 

d'asclepiade  tubereuse    ....  139 

de  guimauve 88 

de  leptandra 364 

de  pothos  fe"tide 470 

de  Saint-Christophe 73 

de  sumbul 543 

de  veronique  de  Virginie    .    .    .  364 

Radis  de  cheval 221 

Radish     484 

Radix  asari  canadensis 135 

Christopherianae 73 

Ragweed 91 

Ragwort 519 

Rainfarn 548 

Raisin  d'ours 572 

de  renard 439 

Ramsted 365 

RANUNCULUS  ACRIS 480 

;ilism;i-folius 482 

ambigens 482 

BULBOSUS 481 

californicus 480 

canus 480 

clintonii 483 

delphinifolius 480 

dissectus 480 

fascicularis 480 

FLAMMULA 482 

intermedius 483 

lanuginosus 483 

lingua 482 

palustris 483 

prostratus 483 

REPENS 482 

robini 482 

SCLERATUS 483 

tomentosus 483 

tuberosus     481 

Raphanus  hortensis 484 

nigrum     484 

raphanistrum 484 

rusticanus 221 

SATIVUS 484 

Rapuntium  inflatum 370 

syphiliticum 371 


662 


INDEX. 


RATANHIA 485 

peruviana 485 

Ratanhiawurzel 485 

Rattle  bush 149 

Rattleroot 211 

Rattlesnake 238 

beans 195 

master 263 

milkwort 520 

root 211,410,520 

Rattleweed 211 

Rave 484 

Realger 129 

Red  alder 85 

archangel .  376 

berry 116,  572 

cardinal  plant 369 

cedar 340 

chicken-weed 103 

chromate  of  potash 342 

•   clover 563 

coral 231 

iodide  of  mercury 393 

lobelia 369 

osier ...  234  • 

phosphorus     447 

pine 453 

precipitate ....  394 

mercuric  oxide 394 

mustard 526 

pepper 184 

puccoon   509 

rod 234 

root  ...       194,356,509 

sulfuret  of  arsenic 129 

willow 234,  504 

wood 307,  356 

Red-berried  trailing  arbutus  ....  572 

Red-root-bark  tree 194 

Red-rot :   .  253 

Redoue 232 

Reducirtes  eisen 282 

Reference,  select  tables  for   ....  597 

Regina  prati 532 

Reine  des  pre"s 532 

Reisblei 302 

Renoncule 481 

acre 480 

Resin  of  May  apple 464 

of  podophyllum 464 

Resina  abietis  nigrae 52 

benzoe 157 

podophylli 464 

Resine  de  podophylle 464 

Resorcin 486 

Rdsorcine 486 

Resorcinol 486 

RESORCINUM     486 

Rhabarbarum 490 

Rhabarber 490 

RHAMNUS  CATHARTICUS 487 


RHAMNUS  FRANGULA 488 

PURSHIANA 489 

Rhatany 485 

RHEUM 490 

emodi 490 

compactum 490 

muscoviticum 490 

officinale 490 

palmatum 490 

rhaponticum 490 

russicum 490 

undulatum 490 

Rheumatism  root 250 

weed 201 

RHODODENDRON    CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM   491 

officinale 491 

Rhubarb 490 

Rhubarbe 490 

RHUS   AROMATICA 492 

cacodendron 81 

canadensis 492 

carolinense 493 

chinense 81 

elegans 493 

GLABRA 493 

humile 494 

hypsilodendron 81 

pubescens 494 

radicans 494 

suaveolens 492 

TOXICODENDRON  .......  494 

VENENATA 495 

vernicifera 495 

vernix 495 

verrucosa 494 

virginicum 493 

Ribgrass 457 

Richweed 211,225 

Ricini  oleum 431 

Ricinus  africanus 496 

americanus 337 

COMMUNIS .  496 

europaeus 496 

inermis 496 

laevis 496 

lividus 496 

majoris 337 

viridis 496 

Ricinusol 431 

Ricinussamen 496 

Riga  pine 453 

Ringelblume 177 

River  sponge 148 

Robinia  fragilis 497 

PSEUDACACIA 496 

Robinier 497 

Rock  crystal  pure  flint 522 

oil 444 

parsley 445 

Rock-rose 216 


INDEX. 


663 


Rock-weed 225 

Roman  chamomile 107 

vitriol 244 

wormwood 91 

Romarin  sauvage 363 

Romische  Kamille 107 

Rope  bark 251 

Rorella  rotundifolia 253 

Roripa  rusticana  .    .    .    .' 221 

Ros-solis 253 

Rosa  benedicta 437 

Rose  apple 267 

bay 428 

de  Sibe>ie 491 

laurel    428 

willow 234 

Rose-colored  passion  flower  ....  440 

silkweed 137 

Rose'e  du  soleil 253 

Rosebay 491 

Rosenlorbeer 428 

Rosin  weed 524 

Rosmarinum  sylvestre 363 

Rothe  Ceder 340 

Koralle 231 

Rother  Pracipitat 394 

Rothes  Jodquecksilber 393 

Quecksilberoxyd 394 

Round-leaved  consumption  cure  .    .201 

cornel   232 

dogwood 232 

sun-dew 253 

Round-lobed  hepatica 318 

Roundheart 556 

Rubinus  arsenicalis 129 

Rubis  d'arsenic 129 

Rue 499 

des  jardins 499 

Ruiz  et  Pavon 485 

RUMEX   ACETOSA 497 

CRISPUS 498 

Rundblatteriger  Kornel 232 

Ruprechtskraut 296 

Rush 339 

Russicher  Flusschwamm 148 

Russula  emetica 78 

RUTA  GRAVEOLENS 499 

hortensis 499 

latifolia 499 

montana 499 

sativa 499 

vulgaris 499 

Rye  ergot 516 


SABADILLA 500 

officinarum 500 

Sabadillasaamen 500 

SABAL  SERRULATA 501 

SABINA 502 

officinalis 502 


Sabina  sterilis 502 

vulgaris 502 

Sabine 502 

Saccharated  carbonate  of  iron  .    .    .279 

iodid  of  iron 280 

Saccharum  lactis 30 

saturni 461 

Sacred  anise  tree 329 

bark 489 

Sadebaum 502 

Saffron 237 

Safran      237 

Safrandolde 426 

Sage 506 

Salamarum 380 

ammoniac 96 

anglicum 380 

commune 417 

culinare 417 

digestivum  sylvii 349 

epsomense 380 

nitri 350 

petrae 350 

polychrestum 353 

Sedlicense 380 

sodas  depuratus 415 

tartari 344 

volatile  siccum 95 

Salbei 506 

Salicin 503 

Salicine 503 

SALICINUM 503 

Salicylate  de  phenol 505 

de  soude 419 

of  sodium 419 

Salicylic  acid 67 

Salicylsaiire 67 

Salicylsaiire-Phenylaether 505 

Salix  ambigua 504 

falcata 504 

helix 504 

lambertiana 504 

ligustrina 504 

monandra 504 

NIGRA 504 

PURPUREA 504 

purshiana 504 

SALOL 505 

Salolum 505 

Salpeter 350 

Salpetersalzsaiire 64 

Salpetersaiire 63 

Salpetersaures  Wismuthoxyd  .  .  .161 

Salpetre 350 

Salsepareille 511 

Salt  of  lemons 351 

of  sorrel 351 

rheum  weed 199 

Saltpeter 350 

Saltpetersaures  Ammoniak  ....  97 

Kali 350 


664 


INDEX. 


SALVIA  OFFICINALIS 506 

Salzsaures  Morphin 405 

Sambuca  humilis 507 

Sambucus  acinis  albis 508 

CANADENSIS 507 

glauca  507 

laciniatis  follis 508 

maderensis 508 

NIGRA 508 

Sanamunda 297 

Sancratium 513 

Sanguinaire  du  Canada 509 

Sanguinaria  acaulis 509 

CANADENSIS 509 

grandiflora ,  .    .    .   .  509 

minor 509 

vernalis 509 

Santelol 432 

Santonin 510 

Santonina 510 

Santonine 510 

SANTONINUM 510 

Sapium  sylvaticum 536 

Sarazina  gibbosa 510 

Sarcomphalus  carolinianus    ....  487 

Sarracenia  gronovii 510 

heterophylla 510 

leucophylla 510 

PURPUREA 510 

Sarracenie 510 

Sarsaparella 511 

SARSAPARILLA 511 

Sarza 511 

SASSAFRAS 513 

BARK 513 

officinale 513 

Sassy  bark 264 

Satium 87 

Satween 87 

Sauge  officinale 506 

Savin 502 

Saw  palmetto '501 

Saw-leaved  oak 471 

Saxifrage 453 

Scabious 261 

Scabish 427 

Scabwort 331 

Scarlet  berry 255 

oak 471 

pimpernel 103 

Sceau  d'or 320 

Schaafgarbe 400 

Schachtelhalm  .   .    .   : 259 

Scharfhahenfuss   480 

Schierling 228 

Schierlings  Caladium 170 

Schildkraut 516 

Schlehdorn 472 

Schneebaum 205 

Schneerose 491 

Schcenocaulon  officinale 500 


Schollkraut 199 

Schwalbenwurzel 138 

Schwarze  Brechnuss 337 

Schlangenwurzel 211 

Uieswurzel 315 

Schwarzer  Hollander 508 

Nachtschatten 529 

Pfeffer 456 

Senf 526 

Schwarzwurzel 547 

Schwefel 541 

Schwefelblumen 541 

Schwefelcadmium 167 

Schwefelkohlenstoff 186 

Schwefelleber 317 

Schwefelsaiire 68 

Schwefelsaures  Bebirin 154 

Cadmiumoxyd 168 

Cinchonin 214 

Eisenoxydul 285 

Kali 353 

Kupfer 244 

Magnesia 380 

Morphin 406 

Natron 421 

Quecksilberoxyd 397 

Strychnin 541 

Zinkoxyd     594 

Schwefelspiessglanz 109 

Schweinsbrod 245 

Schwulstkraut 249 

Scilla  hispanica 513 

MARITIMA 513 

rufa  magna  yulgaris 514 

vulgaris  radice  rubra 514 

Sclerotium  clavus 516 

Scoke 449 

Scorodosma  fortidum 134 

Scotch  fir 453 

pine 453 

Scouring  rush 259 

Scrofula  plant 515 

weed .216 

Scrofulaire  vulgaire 515 

Scrophularia  fcetida 515 

lanceolata 515 

majoris .  515 

marilandica  (gray) 515 

NODOSA 514 

vulgaris 515 

Scurvy  grass 221 

Scutellaire 516 

SCUTELLARIA   LATERIFLORA    .    .    .515 

Sea  holly 264 

kelp 289 

onion 514 

ware 289 

wrack 289 

Seaside  balsam 189 

Se'badille     500 

Secale  clavatum 517 


INDEX. 


665 


Secale  corniculatum 

CORNUTUM 

luxurians 

maternum 

temulentum 

turgidum 
Secalis  mater 
Seckleblumen  Wurzel 
Seerose 
Seidelbast 
Seifenrinde 
Sel  commun 

d'Epsom 

de  Glauber 

de  Sedlitz 

Select  tables  for  reference 
SKLENIUM 

Semecarpus  anacardium 
Semen  badiana 

contra 

myristica 

sanctum 

santocini 

zedoarias 


zmae 

Semence  de  ricin 

Semences  de  chdnopode  anthelmin 

tique 

Sementina 

SEMPERVIVUM  TECTORUM  .  .  .  . 

Se'ne' 

Seneca  

snakeroot  

SENECIO  AUREUS 

ciliatus 

gracilis 

hieracifolius 

Sene$on  

SENEGA  

Senegawurzel 

SENNA  

acutifolia 

alexandrina 

Sennesblatter 

Sensitive  plant 

SEPIA 


succus 


vera , 

Serpent  k  lunette  .   .    .   . 
Serpentaire  de  Virginie 
Serpentaria , 

brasiliana 

virginica 

Sesquichloride  of  iron    . 
Sesquioxide  of  bismuth 

Setterswort 

Seven  barks 

Shag-bark 

Shave  grass 

Sheele's  green 

Shell-flower 


5'7 
516 

5'7 
5'7 
5'7 
5'7 
5'7 
'94 
425 
399 
479 
4'7 
380 
420 
380 
597 
517 
1 02 

329 

212 

423 
212 
212 
212 
212 
496 

2OO 
212 

S'8 
521 
520 
520 

5'9 
261 

5'9 
260 

5'9 
520 
520 
521 
521 
521 
521 
401 
522 
522 
522 
411 

I23 
123 
169 
123 
283 
160 

3'4 


259 
242 
199 


Shell-bark 189 

Sheep's  berry 581 

Shepherd's  club •     ...  577 

hour  glass 103 

P^e     • 559 

water  glass 103 

weather  glass 103 

Shin  leaf 201 

Shrubby  plectranthus 460 

trefoil 474 

Shwet-busunta 53 

Side  saddle  flower 510 

saddle  plant 510 

Side-flowering  skull  cap 515 

Sieversia  caroliniana 297 

Signs  used  in  prescription  writing  .  597 

Silber 1 19 

Silberchlorid 120 

Silbercyanid 118 

Silberjodid 119 

Silbernitrat 120 

Silberoxyd 121 

Silesian  rosemary 363 

Silex 522 

Silica 522 

Silice 522 

Sflice 522 

SILICEA 522 

Silicic  anhydrid 522 

oxid 522 

Silico-fluorid  of  calcium 360 

Silkweed 138 

Silky  cornel 234 

Silky-leaved  dogwood 234 

SlLPHIUM  LACINIATUM 524 

Silver 119 

leaf 536 

Silybum  marianum 188 

Simaba  cedron 195 

Simaruba  cedron 195 

Simpler's  joy 578 

SlNAPIS   ALBA 525 

NIGRA 526 

Sinnviole 584 

Sison  aureus 556 

trifoliatum 556 

Sisymbrium  amphibium 221 

indicum 221 

Sium  douglasii 209 

majus  angustifolium 210 

trifoliatum 556 

Skoka 470 

Skull  cap 515 

Skunk  cabbage 470 

weed 470 

Slacked  lime 172 

Sloe 582 

tree 472 

Small  magnolia 380 

periwinkle 583 

stinging  nettle 569 


666 


INDEX. 


Small  yellow  pond  lily 423 

Smegmaria  emarginate 479 

Smilax  medica 511 

officinalis 511 

peruviana 511 

sarsaparilla 511 

syphilitica 511 

Smooth  sumach 493 

Smooth-leaved  horse-chestnut  ...    75 

Smyrnium  acuminatum 556 

aureum 556 

luteum 556 

Snake  head 199 

milk 272 

Snake-headed  grindelia 304 

Snakeroot 520 

Snakeweed 123,209 

Snap  dragon 365 

Snapping  hazel-nut 310 

Snow  berry 544 

Snow-drop  tree 205 

Snow-flower 205 

Snowball 196,581 

Soap  bark 479 

Socotrina  aloes 86 

Soda 416 

caustica 416 

Sodae  boras 161 

carbonas 415 

hypophosphis 416 

nitras 418 

phosphas     418 

sulphas 420 

Sodic  carbonate 415 

chloride 417 

hydrate 416 

hypophosphite 416 

nitrate 418 

pyroborate 161 

sulphate 420 

sulphite 421 

Sodii  arsenas 414 

arsenias   414 

boras 161 

bromidum 415 

carbonas 415 

chloridum 417 

hypophosphis 416 

nitras 418 

phosphas 418 

salicylas   . 419 

sulphas 420 

sulphis 421 

sulphocarbolas 420 

Sodio-platinic  chloride 459 

Sodium  arsenate 414 

auro-chlorid 146 

bromid     414 

carbonate 415 

chlorid 417 

hydrate 416 


Sodium  hydroxide 416 

hypophosphite 416 

nitrate 418 

orthophosphate 418 

phosphate 418 

platino  chlorid 459 

pyroborate 161 

salicylate     419 

sulfate 420 

sulfite 421 

sulfo-carbolate 419 

Soft  rush 339 

Solanin 527 

SOLANINUM 527 

Solanum  arboreum  indicum  maxi- 
mum   424 

ARREBENTA 527 

CAROLINENSE 528 

crenato-dentatum  .......  529 

dulcamara 255 

furiosum 154 

hortense 154 

inops 529 

lethale 154 

lignosum 255 

lycopersicum 374 

magnum  virginiam 449 

magus 155 

mammiforme 529 

MAMMOSUM 529 

maniacum J55>537 

melanoceros 155 

NIGRUM 529 

pterocaulon 529 

ptycanthum 529 

quadrifolium  bacciferum    .    .    .  439 
racemosum  americanum     .    .    .  449 

rebenta 527 

scandens 255 

somniferum 155 

sylvaticum 155 

virginianum 528 

Solatrum  nigrum 529 

Solidago  alpina  (?) 530 

glomerata  (?) 530 

VIRGA-AUREA 530 

Solis  sponsa 177 

Solseginum  aureum 177 

Soluble  tartar 354 

Solution  of  acetate  of  ammonium  .    93 
Solutions,    alcoholic,  of    solids,  or 

semi-solids 35 

aqueous 34 

of  fluids  in  alcohol 35 

Solvents 27 

Sonnenblume 312 

Sonnenthau 253 

Sophora  tinctoria 149 

Sorrel 497 

tree 436 

Souci  d'eau 179 


INDEX. 


667 


Soude  caustique 416 

Soufre 541 

ve"ge"tal 375 

Sour  dock 498 

wood .  436 

Sous-azotate  de  bismuth 161  ' 

Sous-carbonate 590 

Southernwood 129 

Sowbread 245 

Spanische  Fliegen 183 

Spanischer  Pfeffer 184 

Spanish  bayonet 588 

fly 183 

pepper 184 

Spargel 141 

Spatter  dock 425 

Spearwort 482 

Spectacled  snake 411 

Speedwell 142 

Speltrum 592 

Spermoedia  clavus 517 

Spice  berry 291 

Spiderwort 562 

Spierstaude 532 

SPIGELIA 531 

anthelmia  (Linne*) 531 

Spikenard 117 

of  the  ancients 543 

Spina  acida 159 

cervina 487 

Spindelbaum 269 

Spindle  bush 268 

tree 268,  269 

Spinis  triplicibus 159 

SPIRJEA  ULMARIA 532 

Spir^e  ulmaire 532 

Spirit  of  mindererus 93 

weed 356 

Spiritus  mindereri 93 

nitri  acidus 63 

Sponge     533 

SPONGIA 533 

officinalis 533 

palustris 148 

tosta 533 

usta 533 

Spongilla  fluviatilie 148 

lacustris 148 

Spoonbunch   354 

Spoonwood 354 

Spotted  alder 310 

arum     132 

carduus 187 

cowbane 209 

cranesbill 295 

geranium 295 

hemlock 228 

lily 365 

thistle 187 

water  hemlock 209 

Spreading  dog-bane 113 


Springgurke 257 

Spurge     274 

olive 399 

Spurred  rye 517 

Square  stalk 515 

Squaw  mint 311 

root 192,  258 

vine 401 

weed 519 

Squawroot 211 

Squill 513 

Squilla  hispanica 514 

rubra 514 

yulgaris 514 

Squirting  cucumber 257 

St.  Bartholomew's  tea 328 

St.  Ignatius'  bean 326 

St.  John's  wort 324 

St.  Mary's  thistle 188 

St.  Peter's  wort 544 

Stagbush     582 

Stag's  horn 375 

Star  anise 328 

fish 142 

grass 82 

root 82 

thistle 187 

STANNUM 533 

METALLICUM 533 

Staphisaigre 534 

Staphydis  agria 534 

pedicularis 534 

STAPHYSAGRIA 534 

macrocarpa 534 

Starwort 316 

Stavesacre  534 

Stechapfel 537 

Steinbeere 572 

Steinklee 385 

Steinol 444 

Stephanskorner 534 

Stephanskraut  534 

Stern-Anis 329 

Stibium  oxydatum no 

sulfuratum  nigrum 109 

Sticta  pulmonacae 535 

pumonalia 535 

PULMONARIA 535 

Stillingia 536 

SYLVATICA 536 

Stillingie 536 

Stink  weed 537 

Stinkasant 134 

Stinkende  Drachenwurzel 470 

Nieswurzel 314 

Stinking  balm 311 

hellebore 314 

pothos 470 

weed     200 

Stitzolobium  pruriens 252 

Stockfischleberthran 431 


668 


INDEX. 


Stone  crop 443 

Stone-root 225 

Storksbill 295 

Stramonia 537 

STRAMONIUM 537 

fretidum 537 

majus  album 537 

spinosum 537 

vulgatum     537 

Strawberry 287 

tree 268 

Strength,  unit  of 23 

Striped  alder 310,471 

Strobili  humuli 373 

lupuli 373 

Strong-scented  lettuce 357 

Strontiana  carbonica 538 

Strontianae  carbonas 538 

Strontii  carbonas 538 

STRONTIUM  CARBONATE 538 

CARBONICUM 538 

STROPHANTHUS  HISPIDUS    ....  539 

kombe  (?) 539 

Strychnia 540 

Strychnin 540 

nitrate 540 

sulfate 541 

Strychnina 540 

Strychninae  nitras 540 

sulphas 541 

Strychnine 540 

STRYCHNINUM 540 

NITRATE 540 

NITRICUM 540 

PURUM       540 

SULFATE 541 

SULPHURICUM 541 

Strychnos  colubrina 424 

gujanensis 244 

ignatii 326 

ligustrina 424 

nux  vomica 424 

philippensis 326 

toxifera 244 

Sturmhat 71 

Subacetate  of  mercury 389 

Subchloride  of  mercury 392 

Sublime*  corrosif 390 

Sublimed  sulphur 541 

Subnitrate  of  bismuth 161 

Subsulphide  of  mercury 397 

Succinum  griseum 91 

Succus  thebaicus 434 

Sucre  de  saturne 461 

Sugar  of  lead 461 

P>ne 454 

Sulfas  cadmicus 168 

cupricus 243 

ferrosus 285 

kalicus 353 

magnesicus 380 


Sulfas  mercuricus 397 

morphicus 406 

natricus 420 

potassicus 353 

quinicus 204 

spdicus 420 

zincicus 594 

Sulfate  d'alumine  et  potassii  ....    89 

d'atropine 144 

de  be'be'erine 154 

de  cadmium 168 

de  chaux 176 

de  cinchonine 214 

de  cuivre 244 

d'hyoscyamine 324 

de  magnetic    . 380 

de  morphine 406 

de  nickel 422 

de  potasse   . 353 

de  quinine 204 

de  soude 420 

de  strychnin 541 

de  zinc 594 

ferreux 285 

mercurique 397 

Sulfide  arsenieux 128 

hypoarsenieux 129 

Sulfis  natricus 421 

sodicus 421 

Sulfite  de  soude 421 

Sulfur 541 

di-iodid 542 

IODID 542 

Sulfure  d'antimoine 109 

d'antimoine  prdcipite" in 

de  cadmium 167 

de  carbon 186 

jaune  d'arsenic 128 

Sulfuretum  stibicum 109 

Sulfuric  acid 68 

Sulphas  aluminico-potassicus    ...    89 

Sulphate  of  anilin 107 

of  atropin 144 

of  beberine 154 

of  cadmium 168 

of  calcium 176 

of  cinchonine 214 

of  copper 244 

of  hyoscyamine 324 

of  iron 285 

of  magnesium 380 

of  morphia 406 

of  morphine 406 

of  nickel 422 

of  potash 353 

of  potassium 353 

of  quinia 204 

of  soda 420 

of  sodium 420 

of  strychnine 541 

of  zinc 594 


INDEX. 


669 


Sulphide  of  antimony 109 

of  cadmium 167 

Sulphite  of  sodium 421 

Sulphocarbolate  of  sodium    ....  420 

Sulphophe'nate  de  soude 420 

Sulphophenate  of  sodium 420 

SULPHUR 541 

IODATUM     542 

sublimatum 541 

Sulphuris  iodidum 542 

SUMBUL 543 

Sumbulus  moschatus 543 

Sumbulwurzel 543 

Sumac 493 

Sumach 493 

veneneux     494 

Sumpf-Kornel 234 

Sun  rose 312 

dew 253 

Sunflower 312 

Surari 244 

Sureau 508 

du  Canada 507 

Surinam  quassia 478 

Suterberry 587 

Swallow  root 139 

Swamp  cabbage 470 

dogwood 234, 474 

hellebore 576 

milkweed 137 

sassafras 232, 380 

silkweed 137 

sumach 495 

wood 251 

Sweating  plant 271 

Sweet  balsam 300 

bark 189 

bay 380 

bitter 566 

bugle 376 

clover 385 

elder 507 

gale 408 

heliotrope 313 

melilot 385 

Sweet  water  lily 425 

wood 189 

vernal  grass 108 

viburnum 582 

violet 583 

Sweet-scented  clover 384 

life-everlasting 299 

spurge  laurel 247 

tonquin  bean 562 

white  pond  lily 425 

Swertia  difformis 288 

Symphoria  racemosa 544 

SYMPHORICARPUS  RACEMOSA    .   .  544 

Symplocarpus  foetidus 470 

SYMPHYTUM  OFFICINALE 545 

Syrian  herb  mastich 555 


System,  metric 598 

SYZIGIUM  JAMBOLANUM 545 


Tabac 546 

TABACUM 546 

Tabak '  ....  546 

Table  of  atomic  weights 606 

salt 417 

Tables  of  weights  and  measures  .   .  598 

Tablets,  trituration 47 

Tag  alder 85 

Tall  buttercup 480 

crowfoot 480 

speedwell 364 

veronica 364 

TAMUS  COMMUNIS 547 

TANACETUM  VULGARE 548 

Tanaisie 548 

Tanghin .    .  549 

Tanghinia  madagascariensis     .    .    .  549 

VENENIFERA 549 

veneniflua 549 

Tannic  acid 69 

Tannin 69 

Tanninum 69 

Tansy 548 

Tarantula 551 

Tare 372 

TARENTULA  CUBENSIS 551 

HISPANA 551 

TARTAR  EMETIC 552 

root 116 

Tartarated  antimony 552 

Tartarian  southern-wood 212 

Tartaric  acid 70 

TARTARUS  EMETICUS 552 

solubilis 354 

vitriolatus 353 

Taraxacum  dens  leonis 550 

OFFICINALE 549 

vulgare 550 

Tartras  kalicus 354 

potassicus 354 

Tartrate  d'antimoine  et  de  potasse  .  552 

de  potasse 354 

of  antimony  and  potassium   .   .  552 

of  potassium 354 

of  potash 354 

Tartre  soluble 354 

Taubnessel 359 

Taumellolch 372 

Taumslkorn 372 

TAXUS  BACCATA 553 

Tea 557 

ash 587 

berry 291 

Teasel '.    .   .  271 

TELLURIUM 554 

Teoree     361 

Ter-iodide  of  arsenic 127 


670 


INDEX. 


TEREBINTHINiE   OLEUM 554 

Terra  foliati  tartar t      341 

Testa  ostryae 172 

Tests  of  alcohol 29 

of  distilled  water 30 

of  ether 31 

of  glycerine 31 

of  milk-sugar 30 

of  triturations 45 

Tetterwort 199,509 

TEUCRIUM  MARUM  VERUM  .   .   .   .  555 

Teufelsdreck 134 

Texan  bird  spider 408 

Texas  sarsaparilla 386 

Thapsus  barbatus 577 

THASPIUM  AUREUM 556 

The"  du  Canada 291 

vert  imperial 557 

Thea  assamica 557 

bohea 557 

cassarea 557 

imperialis 557 

SINENSIS 557 

stricta 557 

viridis 557 

Thein 168 

Theine 168 

TheMne 168 

THERIDION 558 

curassavicum 558 

Thick-leaved  pennywort 321 

Thistle  root 187 

THLASPI  BURSA  PASTORIS  ....  559 

Thonerdehydrat 90 

Thong  bark 251 

Thorn  apple 537 

Thorough  root 271 

wax 271 

Thoroughwort 271 

Thready  Adam's  needle 588 

Three-leaved  ivy 494 

Thridace 358 

Thuia  du  Canada 560 

THUJA  OCCIDENTALIS 560 

Thylax  fraxineum 587 

Thymelae 399 

Tickweed 311 

Tiger  lillie 365 

lily    365 

Tiglium  officinale 239 

TlLIA   EUROP^EA 561 

Timbo  sipo 442 

Tin 533 

Tinctura  acris  sine  kali 193 

Tincture  triturations 46 

Tinctures  of  solids  or  semi-solids    .    35 

preparation  of 35 

Tinker  weed 566 

Tithymalus  marinus 272 

Toad  flax 365 

lily 425 


Tobacco 546 

Tochillies 184 

Tollkraut 155  - 

Tomato 374 

TONGO 561 

bean 561 

Tonka  bean 562 

Tonkobohne  562 

TOOT-BERRY 232 

Toot-poison .  232 

Toothache  tree i   .   .   .    .  587 

Toothed-leaved  maiden-plum    .    .    .  227 

Tormentilla 295 

Torquin  bean 562 

Trachelium  americanum 369 

Tradescantia  commelina    .....  562 

DIURETICA 562 

Tragoselinum 453 

Trailing  arbutus 258 

sumach 494 

Trapceraba 562 

Treatment  of  drugs 34 

Tree  lungwort 535 

of  heaven 81 

of  life 560 

primrose 427 

stramonium 247 

Trefle 563 

blanc 564 

d'eau 388 

de  marais 388 

Trefoil 318 

Trembling  poplar 469 

Tri-calcic  phosphate 176 

Tri-sulphide  of  antimony 109 

Tricalcium  orthoarsenate 171 

Triferric  diarseniate 278 

Trifolii  fragiferi 288 

Trifolium  amarum 387 

aquaticum 387 

campestre 563 

fibrinum 387 

minimum 563 

officinale 385 

plumosum 563 

PRATENSE 563 

procumbens 563 

REPENS -564 

Trigonocephalus  lachesis 356 

Triquinia  arseniate 202 

TRILLIUM 565 

cernuum 565 

pendulum 565 

Trilopus  dentata 310 

nigra 310 

rotundifolia 310 

virginiana 310 

Trinitrophenol 66 

Trieste 566 

Triosteum  floribus  verticillatis  ses- 

silibus 566 


INDEX. 


67I 


Triosteum  folliis  connatis,  f.  s.  v.  .   .  566 
majus 566 

PERFOLIATUM 566 

Trioxybenzoic  acid 59 

TRITICUM  REPENS 567 

Trituration  tablets 47 

Triturations 43 

from  tinctures 46 

preparations  of 43 

tests  of 45 

True  chamomile 107 

love 439 

Trumpet  weed 271 

Tuber  root 139,  224 

Tumeric  root 320 

Tupa-kihi 232 

Turmeric 509 

Turpentine  weed 524 

Turpinia  glabra 492 

Tu.'tle  head 199 

TUSSILAGO   PETASITES 567 

Tutee 232 

Tutu 232 


Ubium  quinatum 250 

Uebermangansaures  Kali 351 

Umbilicus  pendulinus 235 

Umbit  root 246 

Uncum 519 

Unicorn  plant 316 

root 82 

Unit  of  medicinal  strength  ....  23 
Unterphosphorigsaurer  Kalk  .  .  .174 
Unterphosphorigsaures  Kali  .  .  .  348 

Natron 416 

Upland  cranberry 572 

sumach 493 

Upright  buttercup 480 

crowfoot 480 

virgin's  bower 217 

Upstart 224 

Urali 244 

Uranic  nitrate 573 

Uranii  nitras 573 

URANIUM  NITRATE 573 

NITRICUM 573 

Urari 244 

Uraster  rubens 142 

Urginea  maritima 514 

scilla 514 

URTICA  DIOCA 568 

majoris 568 

minora 569 

URENS 569 

Usnea  barbata 570 

USTILAGO   MAIDIS 571 

Uva  angina 165 

lupulina 439 

serpentina 165 

URSI 571 

Uvaria  triloba 140 


ValeYate  de  zinc 595 

Valerian 573 

Valeriana  angustifolia 573 

minor 573 

OFFICINALIS 573 

sambucifolia 573 

sylvestris  major 573 

Valerianas  ammonicus 99 

zincicus 595 

ValeYianate  d'ammoniaque    ....    99 

de  zinc 595 

Valerianate  of  ammonium     ....    99 

of  zinc 595 

ValeViane  americaine 246 

sauvage    573 

Veraire 575 

Varnish  sumach 495 

tree 495 

Vegetable  antimony 271 

charcoal 186 

sulphur 375 

Vehicles 27 

for  prescription 47 

Ve'ratre  blanc 575 

vert 576 

Veratria 574 

Veratrin 574 

VERATRINA 574 

Veratrine 574 

Veratrinum 574 

VERATRUM  ALBUM 575 

eschscholtzii 576 

parviflorum 576 

luteum 316 

nigrum 315 

officinale 500 

sabadilla 500 

VIRIDE 576 

VERBASCUM  THAPSUS 577 

Verbena 579 

HASTATA 578 

maris 579 

OFFICINALIS 579 

Verge  d'or 530 

Vermont  snake-root 135 

Veronica 364 

americana 580 

anagallis 580 

BECCABUNGA       580 

incarnata     363 

intermedia 580 

jappnica 363 

sibirica 363 

virginica 363 

VeYonique 580 

Verrucaria 177 

Verveine  commune 579 

Vesse-loup 162 

Vetiver 104 

Vetiveria  odorata 104 

Viburnum  edule 581 

OPULUS 581 


INDEX. 


Viburnum  oxycoccus 581 

PRUNIFOLIUM 582 

Vif-argent 398 

Vigne  vierge      100 

VINCA  MINOR 583 

pervinca 583 

Vine  maple 386 

Viola  alba 583 

imberbis 583 

mactiae      583 

martia 583 

ODORATA     . 583 

suavis 583 

TRICOLOR 584 

Violet 583 

bloom 255 

Violette  odorante 583 

Virana 104 

Virginia  creeper 100 

horehound  . 376 

snakeroot 123 

speedwell 364 

stone  crop 443 

Virginian  snow-flower  tree     ....  205 

swallow- wort 138 

Virginische  Ceder 340 

Schlangenwurzel 123 

Virgin's  bower 217 

Virginscher 376 

VlSCUM   ALBUM 585 

flavescens    ....••....  585 

Vitex  agnus  castus 80 

verticillata 80 

Vitis  alba 165 

canadensis 494 

hederacea 100 

nigra 165 

quinquefolia 100 

sylvestris 255 

Vitriol  bleu 244 

Vitriolated  tartar 353 

Vitriolum  album 594 

martis  purum 285 

Vittie  vayr 104 

Volatile  salt -95 


Wachsbaum 408 

Wafer  ash 474 

Wahoo 268 

Wahres  Benedictenkraut 297 

Wake  robin 132,565 

Wallnusbaum 189 

Walnut        .    . 189 

Wandering  milk-weed     ....  113,272 

Warneria  canadensis 320 

Warted  puff  ball 162 

Water  bugle 376 

cabbage   425 

cowbane 210 

cress     221 


Water  cup 510 

distilled 29 

dropwort 426 

eryngo 263 

hemlock 210,426,446 

horehound 376 

lily 425 

lovage  426 

nerve  root 246 

nymph 425 

parsley     209 

parsnip 210 

pennywort 321 

pepper  466 

radish 221 

shamrock 388 

smart  weed 466 

snake-root 263 

Waterleaf 322 

Wasserfenchel 446 

Wasserholder 581 

Wassernabel 321 

Wasserschierling 210 

Way-bred 457 

Waythorn 487 

Wax  berry 408 

myrtle 408 

Wegdorn 487 

Weights  and  measures,  equivalents 

of 600 

tables  of 598 

Weihrauch 432 

Weinsaiire 70 

Weisse  Amerikanische 189 

deutsche  Kicher 361 

Magnesia 377 

Nieswurzel 575 

Germer 575 

Lattich 410 

Quecksilberpracipitat 394 

Senf 525 

Wermuth 52 

White  agaric 467 

archangel 359 

arsenic      126 

balsam     300 

bay 380 

bismuth 161 

bryony 165 

cedar 560 

clover    564 

fraxinella 248 

gentian 566 

ginseng    566 

hellebore     575 

Indian  hemp 137 

laurel    380 

lead 462 

leaf 201 

lettuce 410 

lily 425 


INDEX. 


673 


White  melilot 384, 385 

mustard 525 

passion  flower 440 

poplar 469 

precipitate 394 

root 139 

snake-root 270 

vetch •.    .   .  361 

vitriol 594 

walnut 337 

Wicopy 251 

Wiesenklee 564 

Wigandia  californica 262 

Wild  black  cherry 473 

chamomile 198 

cherry 473 

coffee 566 

cotton 138 

cranesbill 295 

cucumber 257 

ginger 135 

hemlock 209 

hippo 272 

hops 165 

hyssop 578 

indigo 149 

ipecac 272,  566 

jessamine 292 

Job's-tears 433 

lemon 465 

liquorice 511 

mandrake 465 

pine 453 

plantain 181 

rosemary 363 

saffron 224 

smart  weed 466 

snake-root 135 

succory     208 

sunflower 304 

tobacco    370 

turnip 133,  135 

wormwood 91 

vetch 361 

yam 250 

Wild-nard 136 

Wild-wood  vine 100 

Wilder  Rosmarin 363 

Wein 100 

Wildkirschenrinde 473 

Willow  rose 234 

Wind  flower 475,476 

root 139 

Winged  leaved  paullinia 442 

Winter  berry 47 1 

bloom 310 

clover    401 

fern 474 

pink 258 

Wintergreen 291,  583 

Wintergriin 583 


Wismuthoxyd 160 

Witch  grass 566 

hazel 309 

meal 375 

Woad-waxen 293 

Woetiwear 104 

Wohlverleth 124 

Wolfbane 576 

Wolfsbane 71 

Wolf's  claw 375 

Wolfsmilch 272 

Wollkraut 577 

Wood  anemone 476 

charcoal 186 

Woodbine 100, 292 

Woodwort 516 

Woody  nightshade 255 

Woorali 244 

Worm  grass .  .  531 

goose-foot 200 

Wormseed 200,212 

Wormwood 52, 130 

Wourali 244 

Wourari 244 

Wunderheil 545 

Wurali  244 

Wurmtrechende 531 

Wurtzel  Sumach 494 

Wyethia 586 

HELENIOIDES 586 


Xanthoxylum  americanum     ....  587 
clava-herculis 587 

FRAXINEUM 587 

fraxinifolium 587 

mite 587 

ramiflorum 587 

tricarpum 587 


Yarrow 400 

Yaw  root  ...       536 

Yellow  berry 465 

broom 149 

chromate  of  potash 346 

dock 498 

eye  root 320 

flowered  rhododendron  ....  491 

gentian 295 

jessamine 292 

lady's  slipper 246 

locust    497 

melilot 385 

mercurous  iodide 392 

moth      577 

mustard  seed 525 

paint     320 

parilla 386 

protoiodide  of  mercury   ....  392 
prussiate  of  potash 347 


6/4 


INDEX. 


Yellow  puccoon 320 

root 320 

seal 320 

snowrose      491 

sulphide  of  arsenic 128 

sulphide  of  gold 146 

sulphuret  of  gold 146 

toad  flax 365 

water  dropwort 426 

weed     480 

wood 587 

Yerba  santa 262 

Yew 553 

Youth-wort 253 

YUCCA   FILAMENTOSA 588 


Zahnwehholz 587 

Zauberhasel 310 

Zaunriibe 165 

Zinc 592 

acetate 589 

bromid 589 

carbonate 590 

chlorid 592 

cyanid 591 

iodid 591 

oxid 593 

phosphid 593 

sulfate 594 

valerianate 595 

Zinci  acetas 589 

aceticum 589 

bromidum 590 

carbonas 590 

carbonas  praecipitatus    ....  590 

chloridum 592 

cyanidum I    .    .  591 

iodidum 591 

oxidum 593 

phosphidum 593 

sulphas 594 

valerianas 595 

Zincic  acetate 589 

bromide 590 


Zincic  chloride 592 

cyanide 591 

iodide 591 

oxide 593 

sulphate 594 

valerianate 595 

ZlNCUM 592 

ACETATE 589 

ACETICUM 589 

BROMATUM 589 

BROMID 589 

CARBONATE 590 

CARBONICUM 590 

chloratum 592 

CYANATUM  591 

CYANID 591 

IODATUM 591 

IODID 591 

METALLICUM 592 

MURIATE 592 

MURIATICUM 592 

OXID     593 

OXYDATUM 593 

PHOSPHID 593 

PHOSPHORATUM 593 

SULFATE       594 

SULPHURICUM 594 

VALERIANATE 595 

VALERIANICUM 595 

ZlNGIBER  OFFICINALE 595 

Zink 592 

Zinkacetate 589 

Zinkbromid 590 

Zinkcarbonat      590 

Zinkchlorid 592 

Zinkjodid .  591 

Zinkoxyd     593 

Zinksulfat 594 

Zinkvalerianat 595 

Zimmt 215 

Zinn 533 

Zittersaame  Wiirmsaame 212 

Zitzenformiger  Nachtschatten      .    .  529 

Zizia  aurea 556 

Ziziphora  pulegioides 311 

Zwiebel 83 


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